TWI574501B - Control circuit of alternator - Google Patents
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本發明是有關於一種發電機控制電路，且特別是有關於一種車用發電機的控制電路。The present invention relates to a generator control circuit, and more particularly to a control circuit for a vehicle generator.
在車用裝置中，車用發電機通常利用轉子、定子、整流橋、調節器以及皮帶輪來組成。而發電機的工作原理，是透過在轉子進行激磁動作，以使轉子產生磁場，並藉由引擎所提供之動能來進行旋轉。透過轉子的旋轉，轉子的磁場會切割定子線圈，並且，透過磁場的切割動作，定子上可對應產生交流電能，經過全波整流為直流電能後，再將所產生的電能傳送至電瓶及車輛之電氣負載。In a vehicle device, a vehicle generator is usually composed of a rotor, a stator, a rectifier bridge, a regulator, and a pulley. The generator works by exciting the rotor in the rotor to generate a magnetic field and rotating it by the kinetic energy provided by the engine. Through the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic field of the rotor cuts the stator coil, and through the cutting action of the magnetic field, the AC energy can be generated correspondingly on the stator, and after full-wave rectification into DC power, the generated electric energy is transmitted to the battery and the vehicle. Electrical load.
關於發電機控制電路的部分，請參照圖1A及圖1B所分別繪示的習知技術的發電機的系統架構圖以及發電機控制電路的電路圖。在圖1A中，發電機10的輸出端OT耦接至發電機控制電路100、汽車電瓶VBAT以及負載 RL。發電機10包括轉子RA1、定子11以及整流器13，其中定子11產生的電壓透過整流器13的整流動作，在發電機10的輸出端OT上產生輸出電壓VO以供應至汽車電瓶VBAT以及負載RL。在圖1B中，發電機控制電路100包括電晶體MA1以及二極體DA1。值得注意的是，在當發電機的輸出電壓VO因負載RL變動（例如斷開開關SWA）而產生電壓突波現象的瞬間，電晶體MA1依據穩壓控制信號(例如一脈寬調變信號PWMA1)被斷開，轉子RA1藉由二極體 D1 產生飛輪去磁的動作，而習知的發電機控制電路100無法反應快速的負載狀態的變化，會使輸出電壓VO產生電壓上衝的現象。另外，當發生增加負載的瞬間（例如導通開關SWA），輸出電壓VO瞬間下降，而習知的發電機控制電路100也無法快速地回應所增加的負載RL，因而無法快速地使輸出電壓VO回到穩定的目標輸出電壓。For a part of the generator control circuit, please refer to the system architecture diagram of the conventional generator and the circuit diagram of the generator control circuit, respectively, as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. In FIG. 1A, the output OT of the generator 10 is coupled to a generator control circuit 100, a car battery VBAT, and a load RL. The generator 10 includes a rotor RA1, a stator 11 and a rectifier 13, wherein a voltage generated by the stator 11 passes through a rectifying action of the rectifier 13, and an output voltage VO is generated at an output OT of the generator 10 to be supplied to the automobile battery VBAT and the load RL. In FIG. 1B, the generator control circuit 100 includes a transistor MA1 and a diode DA1. It is worth noting that, when the output voltage VO of the generator changes due to the load RL (for example, the switch SWA is turned off), the transistor MA1 is based on the voltage stabilization control signal (for example, a pulse width modulation signal PWMA1). When it is disconnected, the rotor RA1 generates a flywheel demagnetization action by the diode D1, and the conventional generator control circuit 100 cannot respond to a rapid change of the load state, which causes the output voltage VO to generate a voltage overshoot. In addition, when an increase in load occurs (for example, the on switch SWA), the output voltage VO instantaneously drops, and the conventional generator control circuit 100 cannot quickly respond to the increased load RL, so that the output voltage VO cannot be quickly returned. To a stable target output voltage.
在另一方面，在實際的運作中，習知的發電機控制電路100中的電晶體MA1也可能因為各種因素而產生損壞的現象，如此一來，發電機控制電路100將無法調控發電機10所產生的輸出電壓VO，而具有電壓失控的風險。On the other hand, in actual operation, the transistor MA1 in the conventional generator control circuit 100 may also be damaged due to various factors, so that the generator control circuit 100 will not be able to regulate the generator 10. The resulting output voltage VO has the risk of voltage runaway.
本發明提供一種發電機控制電路，可加快發電機的輸出電壓因負載改變而發生變化的反應速度、提升輸出功率以及降低發電機的輸出電壓發生失控的風險。The invention provides a generator control circuit, which can accelerate the reaction speed of the generator output voltage changing due to the load change, increase the output power and reduce the risk of the output voltage of the generator being out of control.
本發明的發電機控制電路包括電壓轉換器、第一、二開關以及第一、二二極體。電壓轉換器具有輸入端以接收發電機的輸出電壓以作為輸入電壓，電壓轉換器轉換輸入電壓以產生轉換電壓。第一開關耦接電壓轉換器，且第一開關的第一端接收轉換電壓，並受控於穩壓控制信號以導通或斷開，第一開關的第二端耦接至發電機的轉子的一端。第一二極體的陰極耦接至電壓轉換器產生轉換電壓的端點，第一二極體的陽極耦接至轉子的另一端。第二二極體的陰極耦接至第一開關的第二端，第二二極體的陽極耦接至參考接地端。第二開關的第一端耦接至第一二極體的陽極，第二開關的第二端耦接至參考接地端，第二開關依據電壓突波偵測信號以導通或斷開。其中，電壓轉換器對輸入電壓進行升壓動作以產生轉換電壓。The generator control circuit of the present invention includes a voltage converter, first and second switches, and first and second diodes. The voltage converter has an input to receive an output voltage of the generator as an input voltage, and the voltage converter converts the input voltage to generate a conversion voltage. The first switch is coupled to the voltage converter, and the first end of the first switch receives the switching voltage and is controlled by the voltage stabilization control signal to be turned on or off, and the second end of the first switch is coupled to the rotor of the generator One end. The cathode of the first diode is coupled to the end of the voltage converter to generate a switching voltage, and the anode of the first diode is coupled to the other end of the rotor. The cathode of the second diode is coupled to the second end of the first switch, and the anode of the second diode is coupled to the reference ground. The first end of the second switch is coupled to the anode of the first diode, the second end of the second switch is coupled to the reference ground, and the second switch is turned on or off according to the voltage surge detection signal. Wherein, the voltage converter boosts the input voltage to generate a converted voltage.
在本發明的一實施例中，其中當發電機的輸出電壓小於一第一目標電壓值，發電機轉子進入激磁期間，第一開關依據穩壓控制信號而導通，第二開關則依據電壓突波偵測訊號而導通。轉子中的電流依據第一開關、轉子以及第二開關所形成的迴路進行激磁。In an embodiment of the invention, wherein when the output voltage of the generator is less than a first target voltage value, the generator rotor enters the excitation period, the first switch is turned on according to the voltage stabilization control signal, and the second switch is based on the voltage surge. The signal is detected and turned on. The current in the rotor is excited according to a circuit formed by the first switch, the rotor, and the second switch.
在上述實施例中，當發電機的輸出電壓大於該第一目標電壓值，但並未達到產生電壓突波的一第二目標電壓值時，發電機轉子從該激磁期間進入飛輪去磁期間，第一開關依據穩壓控制信號而斷開，第二開關依據電壓突波偵測訊號而導通。轉子中的電流依據轉子、第二二極體以及第二開關所形成的迴路進行飛輪去磁。In the above embodiment, when the output voltage of the generator is greater than the first target voltage value, but does not reach a second target voltage value that generates a voltage surge, the generator rotor enters the flywheel during the demagnetization period from the excitation period. The first switch is turned off according to the voltage stabilization control signal, and the second switch is turned on according to the voltage surge detection signal. The current in the rotor is demagnetized by the flywheel according to the loop formed by the rotor, the second diode, and the second switch.
在上述實施例中，於所述激磁及飛輪去磁期間，轉換電壓的電壓值為輸入電壓的電壓值的N倍，N為大於1的實數。然而，該轉換電壓除可預設為一固定值外，也可被調變為任意電壓值(只要元件耐壓許可)，即為一脈波幅度調變電壓。In the above embodiment, during the demagnetization and flywheel demagnetization, the voltage value of the conversion voltage is N times the voltage value of the input voltage, and N is a real number greater than 1. However, the conversion voltage can be adjusted to a fixed value in addition to a predetermined value (as long as the component withstand voltage is allowed), that is, a pulse amplitude modulation voltage.
在本發明的一實施例中，其中在負載變動瞬間，若發電機的輸出電壓產生電壓突波，即發電機的輸出電壓大於第二目標電壓值時，發電機轉子將進入一主動去磁期間，第一開關依據穩壓控制信號而斷開，第二開關依據電壓突波偵測信號而斷開。In an embodiment of the invention, in the moment of load fluctuation, if the output voltage of the generator generates a voltage surge, that is, the output voltage of the generator is greater than the second target voltage value, the generator rotor will enter an active demagnetization period. The first switch is disconnected according to the voltage stabilization control signal, and the second switch is disconnected according to the voltage surge detection signal.
在本發明的一實施例中，其中在上述的發電機的輸出電壓產生電壓突波期間(即主動去磁期間)，轉子中的能量經由該第一二極體以及第二二極體傳送回轉換器的輸出端，進行主動去磁的動作。In an embodiment of the invention, wherein during the voltage surge generated by the output voltage of the generator (ie, during active demagnetization), energy in the rotor is transmitted back through the first diode and the second diode. The output of the converter performs active demagnetization.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的第一開關包括第一電晶體。第一電晶體具有第一端、第二端及控制端。第一電晶體的第一端接收轉換電壓，第一電晶體的第二端耦接至轉子，第一電晶體的控制端接收穩壓控制信號。上述的第二開關包括第二電晶體。第二電晶體具有第一端、第二端及控制端，第二電晶體的第一端耦接至轉子，第二電晶體的第二端耦接至參考接地端，第二電晶體的控制端接收電壓突波偵測信號。In an embodiment of the invention, the first switch includes a first transistor. The first transistor has a first end, a second end, and a control end. The first end of the first transistor receives the conversion voltage, the second end of the first transistor is coupled to the rotor, and the control end of the first transistor receives the voltage stabilization control signal. The second switch described above includes a second transistor. The second transistor has a first end, a second end and a control end, the first end of the second transistor is coupled to the rotor, the second end of the second transistor is coupled to the reference ground, and the second transistor is controlled The terminal receives the voltage surge detection signal.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的第一電晶體與該第二電晶體的型態相同。In an embodiment of the invention, the first transistor is of the same type as the second transistor.
在本發明的一實施例中，上述發電機的輸出端耦接至車用電瓶，電壓轉換器並由車用電瓶接收輸入電壓。In an embodiment of the invention, the output end of the generator is coupled to a vehicle battery, and the voltage converter receives the input voltage from the vehicle battery.
基於上述，本發明的發電機控制電路包含一電壓轉換器，藉由電壓轉換器針對輸入電壓進行升壓動作以產生轉換電壓，並藉以提升激磁的磁速以加快激磁動作的效率。此外，在產生電壓突波期間，將轉子能量回送至轉換器輸出端，藉以加速轉子去磁的磁速以加快去磁動作的效率。如此一來，發電機的輸出電壓因負載狀態的改變而產生電壓突波現象可以獲得有效的抑制，且發電機的輸出電壓的穩定性可有效的被提升。Based on the above, the generator control circuit of the present invention includes a voltage converter that performs a boosting action on the input voltage by the voltage converter to generate a converted voltage, thereby increasing the magnetic speed of the exciting to accelerate the efficiency of the exciting action. In addition, during the generation of the voltage surge, the rotor energy is returned to the converter output to accelerate the demagnetization magnetic velocity of the rotor to speed up the efficiency of the demagnetization action. In this way, the output voltage of the generator can be effectively suppressed due to the voltage surge phenomenon caused by the change of the load state, and the stability of the output voltage of the generator can be effectively improved.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
請參照圖2，圖2繪示本發明一實施例的發電機控制電路的示意圖。發電機控制電路200包括電壓轉換器210、開關SW1、SW2以及二極體D1、D2。在本實施例中，發電機的輸出端OT耦接至汽車電瓶VBAT以及電壓轉換器210的輸入端INE。電壓轉換器210的輸入端INE則由與汽車電瓶VBAT耦接的端點來接收發電機的輸出電壓以作為電壓轉換器210的輸入電壓VIN。電壓轉換器210可針對輸入電壓VIN執行電壓轉換動作，並藉以產生轉換電壓VC。關於電壓轉換器210的電壓轉換動作，具體說明如下，在當發電機的輸出電壓小於一第一目標電壓值時，轉子ROT1進入激磁期間；此時，電壓轉換器210針對輸入電壓VIN進行升壓動作以產生轉換電壓VC。在另一方面，當發電機的輸出電壓產生上升的突波時，發電機的輸出電壓大於一第二目標電壓值，此時轉子ROT1進入主動去磁期間，轉子能量回收至轉換器210之轉換電壓VC。Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a generator control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The generator control circuit 200 includes a voltage converter 210, switches SW1, SW2, and diodes D1, D2. In the present embodiment, the output OT of the generator is coupled to the automotive battery VBAT and the input INE of the voltage converter 210. The input INE of the voltage converter 210 receives the output voltage of the generator as an input voltage VIN of the voltage converter 210 by an end point coupled to the car battery VBAT. The voltage converter 210 can perform a voltage conversion action on the input voltage VIN and thereby generate a conversion voltage VC. The voltage conversion operation of the voltage converter 210 is specifically described as follows. When the output voltage of the generator is less than a first target voltage value, the rotor ROT1 enters an excitation period; at this time, the voltage converter 210 boosts the input voltage VIN. Action to generate a conversion voltage VC. On the other hand, when the output voltage of the generator generates a rising surge, the output voltage of the generator is greater than a second target voltage value, and the rotor ROT1 enters the active demagnetization period, and the rotor energy is recovered to the converter 210. Voltage VC.
於圖2的實施例中，開關SW1耦接至電壓轉換器210以及發電機的轉子ROT1。開關SW1的第一端接收轉換電壓VC，開關SW1的第二端耦接至轉子ROT1，且開關SW1的控制端接收穩壓控制信號SIG1，且開關SW1依據穩壓控制信號SIG1以被導通或被斷開。舉例來說，穩壓控制信號SIG1可為一脈波寬度調變信號，其為一週期性的高/低準位信號；此外，發電機的穩壓控制信號SIG1還可為磁滯控制信號或任何型式之控制信號。二極體D1則耦接在電壓轉換器210以及轉子ROT1間，其中，二極體D1的陰極耦接至電壓轉換器210產生轉換電壓VC的端點，且二極體D1的陽極耦接至轉子ROT1未連接開關SW1的端點。In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the switch SW1 is coupled to the voltage converter 210 and the rotor ROT1 of the generator. The first end of the switch SW1 receives the switching voltage VC, the second end of the switch SW1 is coupled to the rotor ROT1, and the control end of the switch SW1 receives the voltage stabilizing control signal SIG1, and the switch SW1 is turned on or according to the voltage stabilizing control signal SIG1 disconnect. For example, the voltage stabilization control signal SIG1 can be a pulse width modulation signal, which is a periodic high/low level signal; in addition, the generator voltage stabilization control signal SIG1 can also be a hysteresis control signal or Any type of control signal. The diode D1 is coupled between the voltage converter 210 and the rotor ROT1, wherein the cathode of the diode D1 is coupled to the voltage converter 210 to generate an end point of the conversion voltage VC, and the anode of the diode D1 is coupled to The rotor ROT1 is not connected to the end of the switch SW1.
在另一方面，二極體D2耦接在開關SW1以及參考接地電壓GND間。其中，二極體D2的陰極耦接至開關SW1耦接至轉子ROT1的端點，二極體D2的陽極耦接至參考接地端GND。開關SW2耦接在轉子ROT1與參考接地端GND間，其第一端耦接至二極體D1與轉子ROT1耦接的端點，其第二端耦接至參考接地端GND，且其控制端接收電壓突波偵測信號LD1，開關SW2並依據電壓突波偵測信號LD1以被導通或斷開。其中，二極體D1、D2、開關SW1、SW2以及轉子ROT1形成一個H橋（H-bridge）組態的電路。其中，電壓突波偵測信號LD1可依據偵測發電機的輸出電壓上有無發生突波(即輸出電壓是否大於一第二目標電壓值)來產生。On the other hand, the diode D2 is coupled between the switch SW1 and the reference ground voltage GND. The cathode of the diode D2 is coupled to the end of the rotor ROT1, and the anode of the diode D2 is coupled to the reference ground GND. The switch SW2 is coupled between the rotor ROT1 and the reference ground GND, the first end of which is coupled to the end of the diode D1 and the rotor ROT1, the second end of which is coupled to the reference ground GND, and the control end thereof The voltage surge detection signal LD1 is received, and the switch SW2 is turned on or off according to the voltage surge detection signal LD1. Among them, the diodes D1, D2, the switches SW1, SW2 and the rotor ROT1 form an H-bridge configuration circuit. The voltage surge detection signal LD1 can be generated according to detecting whether a surge occurs on the output voltage of the generator (ie, whether the output voltage is greater than a second target voltage value).
關於發電機控制電路200的動作細節，其中，在轉子ROT1的激磁期間，發電機的輸出電壓（等於輸入電壓VIN）小於預設的一第一目標電壓值，此時第一開關SW1可依據穩壓控制信號SIG1而被導通，而開關SW2則可依據電壓突波偵測信號LD1而被導通，在此同時，電壓轉換器210、開關SW1、轉子ROT1以及SW2形成迴路，並藉由轉換電壓VC對轉子ROT1進行激磁動作。請特別注意，在此同時，電壓轉換器210針對輸入電壓VIN進行升壓動作，並藉由提高輸入電壓VIN的電壓值來產生轉換電壓VC。在此請同時參照下列的法拉第方程式(1)：Regarding the operation details of the generator control circuit 200, during the excitation of the rotor ROT1, the output voltage of the generator (equal to the input voltage VIN) is less than a preset first target voltage value, and the first switch SW1 can be stabilized according to the current state. The voltage control signal SIG1 is turned on, and the switch SW2 is turned on according to the voltage surge detection signal LD1. At the same time, the voltage converter 210, the switch SW1, the rotors ROT1 and SW2 form a loop, and by converting the voltage VC The rotor ROT1 is energized. It is particularly noted that at the same time, the voltage converter 210 performs a boosting operation on the input voltage VIN and generates a switching voltage VC by increasing the voltage value of the input voltage VIN. Please also refer to the following Faraday equation (1):
(1) (1)
其中，N為轉子ROT1的線圈匝數，df/dt 為轉子ROT1的磁通變化量。由方程式(1)可以得知，當轉換電壓VC的電壓值越高，轉子ROT1的磁通變化速度會越快，也就是說，轉子ROT1上的激磁動作可以更快速的進行。Where N is the number of turns of the rotor ROT1 and df/dt is the amount of change in the flux of the rotor ROT1. It can be known from equation (1) that the higher the voltage value of the switching voltage VC, the faster the magnetic flux change speed of the rotor ROT1, that is, the exciting action on the rotor ROT1 can be performed more quickly.
附帶一提的，電壓轉換器210可以透過將輸入電壓VIN的電壓值提升N倍來產生轉換電壓VC，其中N可以為大於1的任意實數。N的大小可以依據發電機控制電路200中的電子元件的耐壓能力進行設置，沒有固定的限制。Incidentally, the voltage converter 210 can generate the conversion voltage VC by increasing the voltage value of the input voltage VIN by N times, where N can be any real number greater than one. The size of N can be set according to the withstand voltage capability of the electronic components in the generator control circuit 200, without a fixed limit.
在另一方面，當發生負載變動（發電機的負載被移除或減小）的現象時，發電機的輸出電壓會產生電壓突波，發電機控制電路200會使轉子ROT1進入主動去磁期間。在主動去磁期間中，開關SW1可依據穩壓控制信號SIG1而斷開，另外，開關SW2則依據電壓突波偵測信號LD1而斷開。在這個狀態下，電壓轉換器210與二極體D1、D2以及轉子ROT1形成一個迴路，這個迴路提供轉子ROT1將其中的電能回送至電壓轉換器210的輸出端，如此一來，轉子ROT1的去磁動作可以加速，提升去磁動作的效能。On the other hand, when a load fluctuation (the load of the generator is removed or reduced) occurs, the output voltage of the generator generates a voltage surge, and the generator control circuit 200 causes the rotor ROT1 to enter the active demagnetization period. . During the active demagnetization period, the switch SW1 can be turned off according to the voltage stabilizing control signal SIG1, and the switch SW2 is turned off according to the voltage surge detecting signal LD1. In this state, the voltage converter 210 forms a loop with the diodes D1, D2 and the rotor ROT1. This loop provides the rotor ROT1 to return the power therein to the output of the voltage converter 210, so that the rotor ROT1 goes The magnetic action can accelerate and improve the performance of the demagnetization action.
這此更值得注意的是，在當轉子ROT1進入主動去磁期間時，此時轉子ROT1的兩個端點E1及E2間的電壓差等於負的轉換電壓VC（即-VC），此時轉子ROT1處於能量回送狀態。如此一來，依據上述的法拉第方程式(1)，發電機的轉子ROT1的磁場快速減弱，發電機的定子所產生的電壓會快速下降，並使發電機的輸出電壓可趨於穩定的目標輸出電壓(即第一目標電壓值)。It is more worth noting that when the rotor ROT1 enters the active demagnetization period, the voltage difference between the two terminals E1 and E2 of the rotor ROT1 is equal to the negative switching voltage VC (ie, -VC), at this time, the rotor ROT1 is in an energy return state. In this way, according to the above Faraday equation (1), the magnetic field of the rotor ROT1 of the generator is rapidly weakened, the voltage generated by the stator of the generator is rapidly decreased, and the output voltage of the generator can be stabilized to the target output voltage. (ie the first target voltage value).
此外，發電機控制電路200還可工作在飛輪去磁期間。此時發電機的輸出電壓大於該第一目標電壓值(但未達該第二目標電壓值)，在飛輪去磁期間，開關SW1依據穩壓控制信號SIG1而被斷開，開關SW2依據負載狀態偵測信號LD1而被導通。因此，二極體D2、轉子ROT1以及開關SW2形成迴路，而轉子ROT1中的電流依據轉子ROT1、二極體D2以及開關SW2所形成的迴路進行飛輪去磁。In addition, the generator control circuit 200 can also operate during flywheel demagnetization. At this time, the output voltage of the generator is greater than the first target voltage value (but not reaching the second target voltage value). During the demagnetization of the flywheel, the switch SW1 is disconnected according to the voltage stabilization control signal SIG1, and the switch SW2 is according to the load state. The signal LD1 is detected and turned on. Therefore, the diode D2, the rotor ROT1, and the switch SW2 form a loop, and the current in the rotor ROT1 is demagnetized by the flywheel according to the loop formed by the rotor ROT1, the diode D2, and the switch SW2.
在飛輪去磁期間時，電壓轉換器210可持續進行升壓動作，並提供轉換電壓VC以保持二極體D1為不導通的狀態。During the flywheel demagnetization period, the voltage converter 210 can continue the boosting operation and provide the switching voltage VC to keep the diode D1 in a non-conducting state.
於前述實施例中，第一目標電壓值、第二目標電壓值以及轉換電壓的電壓值，皆可依所需發電機性能、元件耐壓能力等因素預先且任意地設定。當本發明應用於車用發電機時，第一目標電壓值可例如為14V，第二目標電壓值可例如為14.3V或更高，而轉換電壓可例如為28V或42V(即N=2或3)。In the foregoing embodiment, the first target voltage value, the second target voltage value, and the voltage value of the converted voltage may be set in advance and arbitrarily according to factors such as required generator performance, component withstand voltage capability, and the like. When the present invention is applied to a vehicle generator, the first target voltage value may be, for example, 14V, the second target voltage value may be, for example, 14.3V or higher, and the conversion voltage may be, for example, 28V or 42V (ie, N=2 or 3).
在此請注意，上述實施例中，電壓轉換器210所進行的電壓轉換動作，在轉子ROT1的激磁期間以及主動去磁期間，可以分別是相同或不同的穩定的電壓值。舉例來說明，在激磁期間時，當輸入電壓VIN等於14伏特時，轉換電壓VC可以是28伏特（輸入電壓VIN的兩倍），並且，在激磁期間中，轉換電壓VC可以穩定的實質上維持在28伏特，若系統需要更快速的激磁速度，則電壓轉換器210也可以產生高於28伏特的轉換電壓VC，加快激磁速度。在主動去磁期間中，轉換電壓VC也可以穩定的實質上維持在28伏特，若系統需要更快速的去磁速度，則電壓轉換器210也可以產生高於28伏特的轉換電壓VC，並藉以加快去磁速度。相對的，電壓轉換器210在激磁期間以及主動去磁期間所分別產生的轉換電壓VC也可以不用保持在相對穩定電壓值上，在本發明另一個實施例中，轉換電壓VC在不同的期間，可以分別是不同的脈波幅度調變（pulse amplitude modulation, PAM）電壓。It should be noted here that in the above embodiment, the voltage conversion operation performed by the voltage converter 210 may be the same or different stable voltage values during the excitation period of the rotor ROT1 and during the active demagnetization. For example, when the input voltage VIN is equal to 14 volts during the excitation period, the conversion voltage VC may be 28 volts (twice the input voltage VIN), and during the excitation period, the conversion voltage VC may be stably maintained substantially At 28 volts, if the system requires a faster excitation speed, the voltage converter 210 can also generate a conversion voltage VC higher than 28 volts to speed up the excitation speed. During the active demagnetization period, the switching voltage VC can also be stably maintained at substantially 28 volts. If the system requires a faster demagnetization speed, the voltage converter 210 can also generate a conversion voltage VC higher than 28 volts, and thereby Speed up the demagnetization speed. In contrast, the switching voltage VC generated by the voltage converter 210 during the excitation period and during the active demagnetization may not be maintained at a relatively stable voltage value. In another embodiment of the invention, the conversion voltage VC is in a different period. It can be a different pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) voltage.
關於脈波幅度調變電壓的形式，振幅的最大值或平均值（方均根值）則需要滿足轉換電壓VC在激磁期間以及主動去磁期間所分別需要的要求。具體來說明，脈波幅度調變電壓形式的轉換電壓VC在激磁與主動去磁期間，其電壓值的最大值或平均值（方均根值）要為輸入電壓VIN的N倍（N為大於1的實數）。Regarding the form of the pulse amplitude modulation voltage, the maximum value or the average value (square root mean value) of the amplitude needs to satisfy the respective requirements of the conversion voltage VC during the excitation period and the active demagnetization period. Specifically, the maximum or average value (square root mean square value) of the voltage value during the excitation and active demagnetization of the pulse wave amplitude modulation voltage is N times the input voltage VIN (N is greater than 1). Real number).
於上述實施例中，電壓轉換器210可為固定電壓升壓轉換器或脈波幅度調變型式的轉換器，固定電壓升壓轉換器可將輸入電壓VIN升壓為一固定值；脈波幅度調變轉換器則可將輸入電壓VIN調變為任意電壓值 (只要元件耐壓許可)的轉換電壓VC。In the above embodiment, the voltage converter 210 can be a fixed voltage boost converter or a pulse amplitude modulation type converter, and the fixed voltage boost converter can boost the input voltage VIN to a fixed value; the pulse amplitude The modulation converter can adjust the input voltage VIN to a conversion voltage VC of any voltage value (as long as the component withstand voltage permits).
關於穩壓控制信號SIG1以及電壓突波偵測信號LD1的產生方式，本發明實施例可以透過一個控制器（處理器）來產生穩壓控制信號SIG1以及電壓突波偵測信號LD1，或也可以透過多個控制器（處理器）來分別產生穩壓控制信號SIG1以及電壓突波偵測信號LD1。其中，控制器（未繪示）可以決定發電機控制電路200要進入激磁期間、主動去磁期間或飛輪去磁期間，並且據以產生對應的穩壓控制信號SIG1以及電壓突波偵測信號LD1。The embodiment of the present invention can generate the voltage stabilization control signal SIG1 and the voltage surge detection signal LD1 through a controller (processor), or can also generate the voltage regulation control signal SIG1 and the voltage surge detection signal LD1. The voltage stabilization control signal SIG1 and the voltage surge detection signal LD1 are respectively generated by a plurality of controllers (processors). The controller (not shown) may determine that the generator control circuit 200 is to enter the excitation period, the active demagnetization period, or the flywheel demagnetization period, and accordingly generate the corresponding voltage stabilization control signal SIG1 and the voltage surge detection signal LD1. .
以下請參照圖3，圖3繪示本發明另一實施例的發電機控制電路的示意圖。發電機控制電路300包括電壓轉換器310、開關SW1、SW2以及二極體D1、D2。值得一提的，本實施例中，開關SW1及SW2分別由電晶體M1以及M2所建構。電晶體M1具有第一端、第二端以及控制端，電晶體M1的第一端接收轉換電壓VC，其第二端耦接至轉子ROT1的一端，其控制端則接收穩壓控制信號SIG1。電晶體M2的第一端則耦接至轉子ROT1的另一端，其第二端耦接至參考接地端，其控制端則接收電壓突波偵測信號LD1。此外，在本實施例中，電晶體M1及M2的型態相同。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a generator control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The generator control circuit 300 includes a voltage converter 310, switches SW1, SW2, and diodes D1, D2. It is worth mentioning that in this embodiment, the switches SW1 and SW2 are respectively constructed by the transistors M1 and M2. The transistor M1 has a first end, a second end and a control end. The first end of the transistor M1 receives the switching voltage VC, the second end of which is coupled to one end of the rotor ROT1, and the control end receives the voltage stabilizing control signal SIG1. The first end of the transistor M2 is coupled to the other end of the rotor ROT1, the second end of the transistor is coupled to the reference ground, and the control terminal receives the voltage surge detection signal LD1. Further, in the present embodiment, the types of the transistors M1 and M2 are the same.
在本實施例中，值得一提的是，發電機控制電路300在因各種原因而導致電晶體M1及M2的其中之一燒毀時，本發明實施例尚可利用未燒毀的電晶體來維持系統供電，或是使發電機控制電路300進入保護模式，如此一來，可以使系統不因電晶體M1或M2的故障而發生危險，並可爭取更多的時間來提供適度的維修。In the present embodiment, it is worth mentioning that when the generator control circuit 300 burns one of the transistors M1 and M2 for various reasons, the embodiment of the present invention can still use the unburned transistor to maintain the system. The power supply, or the generator control circuit 300, enters the protection mode, so that the system can be prevented from being dangerous due to the failure of the transistor M1 or M2, and more time can be obtained to provide moderate maintenance.
以下請參照圖4，圖4繪示本發明實施例與習知技術間的輸入電壓間的比較波形圖。在圖4中，曲線410表示負載電流LDC的變化狀態，曲線420表示如圖1的習知技術的輸入電壓VINP的波形曲線，曲線430表示本發明實施例的輸入電壓VIN的波形曲線。在最初始的狀態，由於發電機的輸出電壓小於預設的穩定目標電壓值(例如14V)，發電機的轉子進入激磁期間（發電機進行發電的期間），其中輸入電壓VINP需要較長的時間長度T1P才能完成激磁發電的動作，而輸入電壓VINA則需要相對短的時間長度T1A就可以完成激磁發電的動作。另外，在時間點P1進行加載動作，發電機的輸出電壓再次小於預設的穩定目標電壓值，此時發電機的轉子再次進入激磁期間，輸入電壓VINP需要時間長度T2P方能回復至穩定的電壓值，而輸入電壓VINA則需要時間長度T2A以回復至穩定的電壓值，其中時間T2P明顯長於時間長度T2A。在時間點P2則執行脫離負載的動作，此時發電機的輸出電壓大於一預設值(例如14.3V)，即發電機的輸出電壓產生了電壓突波，轉子進入主動去磁期間，在此，輸入電壓VINP需要時間長度T3P方能回復至穩定的電壓值，而輸入電壓VINA則需要時間長度T3A回復至穩定的電壓值，其中時間長度T3P也明顯長於時間長度T3A。也就是說，本發明實施例的發電機控制電路大幅提升的負載變化的響應速度。Please refer to FIG. 4 below. FIG. 4 is a comparison waveform diagram of input voltages between the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art. In FIG. 4, curve 410 represents the change state of the load current LDC, curve 420 represents the waveform of the input voltage VINP of the prior art of FIG. 1, and curve 430 represents the waveform of the input voltage VIN of the embodiment of the present invention. In the initial state, since the output voltage of the generator is less than the preset stable target voltage value (for example, 14V), the rotor of the generator enters the excitation period (during the generator to generate electricity), wherein the input voltage VINP takes a long time. The length T1P can complete the action of the excitation power generation, and the input voltage VINA requires a relatively short time length T1A to complete the excitation power generation operation. In addition, at the time point P1, the loading action is performed, and the output voltage of the generator is again less than the preset stable target voltage value. At this time, the rotor of the generator enters the excitation period again, and the input voltage VINP takes a time length T2P to return to the stable voltage. The value, while the input voltage VINA requires a time length T2A to return to a stable voltage value, where time T2P is significantly longer than the time length T2A. At time point P2, the action of leaving the load is performed. At this time, the output voltage of the generator is greater than a preset value (for example, 14.3V), that is, the output voltage of the generator generates a voltage surge, and the rotor enters the active demagnetization period. The input voltage VINP takes a time length T3P to return to a stable voltage value, while the input voltage VINA requires a time length T3A to return to a stable voltage value, wherein the time length T3P is also significantly longer than the time length T3A. That is to say, the generator control circuit of the embodiment of the present invention greatly increases the response speed of the load change.
經實驗證實，時間長度T1P可為T1A的5倍以上，時間長度T2P可為時間長度T2A的2.5倍以上，時間長度T3P則可為時間長度T3A的7倍以上；應用本發明的發電機控制電路，在發電機散熱條件允許下，可提高習知發電機的輸出功率至少50%。It is confirmed by experiments that the time length T1P can be more than 5 times that of T1A, the time length T2P can be more than 2.5 times of the time length T2A, and the time length T3P can be more than 7 times of the time length T3A; the generator control circuit using the invention Under the condition of the heat dissipation of the generator, the output power of the conventional generator can be increased by at least 50%.
綜上所述，本發明提供雙開關式的發電機控制電路，並配合具有升壓功能的電壓轉換器分別在不同的工作期間所進行的不同的電壓轉換動作，針對發電機轉子所進行的激磁及主動去磁動作的效率都可以有效的被提升，且進一步提升發電機的輸出電壓穩定度與最大輸出能力。In summary, the present invention provides a dual-switch type generator control circuit, and cooperates with a voltage converter having a boost function to perform different voltage conversion actions during different working periods, and performs excitation on the generator rotor. The efficiency of the active demagnetization action can be effectively improved, and the generator output voltage stability and maximum output capability can be further improved.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
10‧‧‧發電機10‧‧‧ Generator
11‧‧‧定子11‧‧‧ Stator
13‧‧‧整流器13‧‧‧Rectifier
RL‧‧‧負載RL‧‧ load
100、200、300‧‧‧發電機控制電路100, 200, 300‧‧‧ generator control circuit
210‧‧‧電壓轉換器210‧‧‧Voltage Converter
SWA、SW1、SW2‧‧‧開關SWA, SW1, SW2‧‧‧ switch
VBAT‧‧‧汽車電瓶VBAT‧‧‧Automobile battery
VO‧‧‧發電機的輸出電壓VO‧‧‧ generator output voltage
OT‧‧‧發電機的輸出端OT‧‧‧output of the generator
VIN、VINA、VINP‧‧‧輸入電壓VIN, VINA, VNP‧‧‧ input voltage
VC‧‧‧轉換電壓VC‧‧‧Switching voltage
ROT1、RA1‧‧‧轉子ROT1, RA1‧‧‧ rotor
PWMA1‧‧‧脈寬調變信號PWMA1‧‧‧ pulse width modulation signal
SIG1‧‧‧穩壓控制信號SIG1‧‧‧ voltage control signal
LD1‧‧‧電壓突波偵測信號LD1‧‧‧ voltage surge detection signal
INE‧‧‧輸入端INE‧‧‧ input
GND‧‧‧參考接地端GND‧‧‧reference ground
D1、D2、DA1、DA2‧‧‧二極體D1, D2, DA1, DA2‧‧‧ diode
MA1、M1、M2‧‧‧電晶體MA1, M1, M2‧‧‧ transistors
410、420、430‧‧‧曲線410, 420, 430‧‧‧ curves
T1P、T2P、T3P、T1A、T2A、T3A‧‧‧時間長度T1P, T2P, T3P, T1A, T2A, T3A‧‧‧ length of time
LDC‧‧‧負載電流LDC‧‧‧Load current
P1、P2‧‧‧時間點P1, P2‧‧‧ points
E1、E2‧‧‧端點E1, E2‧‧‧ endpoint
圖1A繪示的習知技術的發電機系統架構的電路圖。 圖1B繪示的習知技術的發電機控制電路的電路圖。 圖2繪示本發明一實施例的發電機控制電路的示意圖。 圖3繪示本發明另一實施例的發電機控制電路的示意圖。 圖4繪示本發明實施例與習知技術間的輸入電壓間的比較波形圖。FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram of a conventional generator system architecture. FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram of a conventional generator control circuit. 2 is a schematic diagram of a generator control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a schematic diagram of a generator control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a comparison waveform diagram of input voltages between an embodiment of the present invention and a prior art.
200‧‧‧發電機控制電路 200‧‧‧Generator Control Circuit
SW1、SW2‧‧‧開關 SW1, SW2‧‧‧ switch
D1、D2‧‧‧二極體 D1, D2‧‧‧ diode
210‧‧‧電壓轉換器 210‧‧‧Voltage Converter
VBAT1‧‧‧汽車電瓶 VBAT1‧‧‧Automobile battery
VIN‧‧‧輸入電壓 VIN‧‧‧ input voltage
VC‧‧‧轉換電壓 VC‧‧‧Switching voltage
ROT1‧‧‧轉子 ROT1‧‧‧ rotor
SIG1‧‧‧穩壓控制信號 SIG1‧‧‧ voltage control signal
LD1‧‧‧電壓突波偵測信號 LD1‧‧‧ voltage surge detection signal
OT‧‧‧發電機的輸出端 OT‧‧‧output of the generator
INE‧‧‧輸入端 INE‧‧‧ input
GND‧‧‧參考接地端 GND‧‧‧reference ground
E1、E2‧‧‧端點 E1, E2‧‧‧ endpoint
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW104142902A TWI574501B (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Control circuit of alternator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW104142902A TWI574501B (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Control circuit of alternator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI574501B true TWI574501B (en) | 2017-03-11 |
| TW201724725A TW201724725A (en) | 2017-07-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW104142902A TWI574501B (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Control circuit of alternator |
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| Country | Link |
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| TW (1) | TWI574501B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW288223B (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-10-11 | Switched Reluctance Drive Ltd | |
| TW200402929A (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-02-16 | Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd | Control of a switched reluctance drive |
| US20090201620A1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Restech Limited | Electromagnetic field energy recycling |
| TW201143271A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Adlee Powertronic Co Ltd | Power generation control method |
| TW201421858A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-01 | Sanyang Industry Co Ltd | Complex power generate system |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 TW TW104142902A patent/TWI574501B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW288223B (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-10-11 | Switched Reluctance Drive Ltd | |
| TW200402929A (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-02-16 | Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd | Control of a switched reluctance drive |
| US20090201620A1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Restech Limited | Electromagnetic field energy recycling |
| TW201143271A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Adlee Powertronic Co Ltd | Power generation control method |
| TW201421858A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-01 | Sanyang Industry Co Ltd | Complex power generate system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201724725A (en) | 2017-07-01 |
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| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |