201008825 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種腳踏車，特別是關於一種發電腳踏 車及其應用。 【先前技術】 在能源價格高漲與全球暖化問題備受關注的今天，利 用腳踏車當成近程之交通工具逐漸被接受，且騎乘腳踏車 運動與踏青也已成為普遍的休閒活動，促成腳踏車使用量 的成長。另一方面，現代社會由於食物充裕，過胖已成為 現代人普遍的困擾，為了保持身材及控制體重，上健身中 心或在家中使用健身器材的風氣已相當盛行。 習知健身用之腳踏車主要藉由使用者腳踩帶動經過 制動（例如渦流制動）之腳踏車踏板藉以消耗使用者身上 之卡路里，達到運動之目的。為求環保及減少能源使用， Q 習知將制動機構更改為發電機，以控制發電機輸出功率並 將電力饋入市電，以達到兼具能源再生及健身之目的，然 而此種具發電功能之健身腳踏車的價格昂貴，難以普及。 而習知的電動腳踏車是在腳踏車上安裝發電機、變頻 器及蓄電池，主要用以當成助行器，輔助腳踏動力之不 - 足，減輕騎乘者之負擔。與機車或汽車相比，電動腳踏車 - 雖可以減少廢氣排放及石油之使用量，然而使用者回家後 亦必須插上市電對蓄電池充電，仍然需要消耗不少傳統能 源。 6 201008825 本發明結合上述需求，扭山 mi叔出一種將腳踏車之功用發揮 到極致，兼具發電、健身及遊戲功能之腳踏車。 【發明内容】 ，發明的目的之-，在於提出—種發電腳踏車，讓使 用者在騎乘時自打供電给腳踏車上的附掛裝置。 ❿ Ο 目的之-’在於提出—種具腳踏車 電裝置，使用者踩麟_車發電並將之饋入市電。 本發明的目的之-’在於提出—種具腳踏車機構的發 電裝置，使用者蛛踏該腳墙車發電輯—蓄電池充電。 根據本發明，=發電腳踏車包括一車架’複數個裝 ^置，一腳踏板裝設於該車架上，帶 動一鍊條，-後輪裝設”車架上並與該鍊純合，一發 電機具有-轉子與該後輪連動，產生—輸人電壓，以及一 電壓調節ϋ架設在該車架上，將該輪人電壓加 提供給該些電子裝置。 根據本發明，-種具腳踏車機構的發電裝置包括一車 = 板;f在該車架上，帶動-鍊條，-後輪裝設 雷：呈i一隸η輕合，一固定架架起該後輪，-發 電：二：：轉子與該後輪連動，產生一輸入電壓，該發電 :德一組或一充電模組連接，以將該輸入電壓轉換 後=或對一蓄電池充電。該交流模』 ==電流命令’改變該發電機的制動轉矩而模擬 出在不同情况下騎乘腳踏車之效果，並達到健身之目的。 7 201008825 較佳者，該電流命令由—控制裝置中的控制程式決 疋’该控制程式與多媒體程式結合，該多媒體動畫模擬使 用者騎乘於一情境場所。 較佳者，雜制裝置與祕連線，配合―遊戲程式進 行多人競速或線上結伴騎乘。 【實施方式】 ❹ 圖1係本發明一實施例在戶外騎乘時的示意圖，本實 施例之腳踏車ίο的主體與一般電動腳踏車的主體架構相 同’馬達設置於後輪114的中心做為發電機H2，與後輪 114結合為一體’定子固定於後輪114的輪軸上，轉子與 後輪連動。腳踏板108連接之齒輪106可變速，且藉由鍊 條110與後輪114耦合，使用者踩踏腳踏板1〇8轉動齒輪 1〇6 ’帶動鍊條110轉動後輪114，因而轉動發電機112發 電，發電機122產生之電力經由電壓調節器118調節，提 ❹ 供電力給腳踏車上的各個電子裝置，例如車頭LED照明燈 104、車尾LED照明燈及116、LED方向燈102及120， 以及供手機/PDA/衛星導航/MP3等可攜式設備充電之充電 座 122。 圖2係圖1之腳踏車10架起做為發電或健身裝置時 的示意圖，利用習知腳踏車常附之固定架126及128將腳 踏車架起’踩踏腳踏板108帶動發電機112發電。在其他 實施例中，亦可以只將後輪114架起。在本實施例中，電 壓調節器118沒有作用，發電機112產生的電力改為提供 8 201008825 給充電模組2〇 gfe A ^ 組22時六义乂流模組22。當發電機112連接交流模 .、、’父流模組22將發電機112所產電力轉換為交流 路f透過播頭24將電力以單位功因方式饋入市電；當 電機Π2所產接至#電池％時，則將發 €力錯存至畜電池中。本實施例在手把上設 矩，5電機功率旋鈕U4，用以調整發電機U2之制動轉 你士同時調整發電機之輸出功率。由於發電機之輸出功率201008825 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a bicycle, and more particularly to a power generating bicycle and an application thereof. [Prior Art] Today, when energy prices are rising and global warming is a concern, the use of bicycles as a short-distance vehicle is gradually accepted, and riding bicycles and walking has become a common leisure activity, contributing to the use of bicycles. Growth. On the other hand, in modern society, due to the abundance of food, obesity has become a common problem for modern people. In order to maintain body shape and control weight, the atmosphere of using fitness equipment in the fitness center or at home has become quite popular. The bicycle for the purpose of fitness is mainly used by the user's foot to drive a bicycle pedal that is braked (for example, eddy current brake) to consume the calories of the user to achieve the purpose of exercise. In order to seek environmental protection and reduce energy use, Q knows to change the brake mechanism to a generator to control the generator output power and feed the power to the mains to achieve the purpose of energy regeneration and fitness. Fitness bikes are expensive and difficult to popularize. The conventional electric bicycle is equipped with a generator, a frequency converter and a battery on the bicycle, and is mainly used as a walking aid to assist the pedal power to reduce the burden on the rider. Compared with locomotives or cars, electric bicycles - although reducing the amount of exhaust emissions and oil use, users must also plug in the market to charge the battery after returning home, still need to consume a lot of traditional energy. 6 201008825 The present invention combines the above needs, and Twisted Mountain Mi has developed a bicycle that maximizes the functions of the bicycle and has the functions of power generation, fitness and gaming. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a power-generating bicycle that allows the user to self-power the attached device on the bicycle while riding. ❿ Ο The purpose of the ‘ is to propose a type of bicycle electric device, the user will step on the _ car to generate electricity and feed it into the mains. The object of the present invention is to provide a power generating device having a bicycle mechanism, and the user steps on the power of the foot wall to charge the battery. According to the present invention, the = power bicycle includes a plurality of mounting frames, a pedal is mounted on the frame to drive a chain, and the rear wheel is mounted on the frame and is homogenous to the chain. A generator has a rotor coupled with the rear wheel to generate an input voltage, and a voltage regulating yoke is mounted on the frame to provide the wheel voltage to the electronic devices. According to the present invention, The power generating device of the bicycle mechanism includes a car = board; f is on the frame, and the chain is driven, and the rear wheel is equipped with a lightning: the light is i, the light is fixed, the fixed frame is the rear wheel, and the power is generated: The rotor is coupled with the rear wheel to generate an input voltage. The power generation is connected to a group or a charging module to convert the input voltage to or charge a battery. The AC mode == current command ' Changing the braking torque of the generator simulates the effect of riding a bicycle under different conditions and achieves the purpose of fitness. 7 201008825 Preferably, the current command is determined by the control program in the control device. Combined with multimedia programs, the multimedia animation It is intended that the user rides in a situation. Preferably, the miscellaneous device and the secret connection line cooperate with the "game program" for multi-person racing or online riding. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention. In the outdoor riding, the main body of the bicycle of the present embodiment is the same as that of the general electric bicycle. The motor is disposed at the center of the rear wheel 114 as the generator H2, and is integrated with the rear wheel 114. On the axle of the rear wheel 114, the rotor is coupled with the rear wheel. The gear 106 connected to the foot pedal 108 is shiftable, and is coupled to the rear wheel 114 by the chain 110, and the user steps on the pedal 1〇8 to rotate the gear 1〇6' The chain 110 is rotated to rotate the rear wheel 114, thereby rotating the generator 112 to generate electricity, and the power generated by the generator 122 is regulated by the voltage regulator 118 to supply power to various electronic devices on the bicycle, such as the headlight LED 104 and the taillight LED. Lighting and 116, LED directional lights 102 and 120, and charging stand 122 for charging portable devices such as mobile phone/PDA/satellite navigation/MP3. Figure 2 is a bicycle 10 of Figure 1 for power generation or fitness In the timing diagram, the bicycle 112 is used to drive the generator 112 to generate electricity by using the fixed brackets 126 and 128 which are commonly attached to the bicycle. In other embodiments, only the rear wheel 114 can be set up. In this embodiment, the voltage regulator 118 has no effect, and the power generated by the generator 112 is changed to provide 8 201008825 to the charging module 2〇gfe A ^ group 22 when the six-segment turbulence module 22. When the generator 112 is connected to the alternating current mode The 'parent flow module 22 converts the power generated by the generator 112 into an alternating current path f through the broadcast head 24 to feed the power into the mains by means of unit power; when the motor Π2 is connected to the #battery%, Sending a force to the livestock battery. In this embodiment, a torque is set on the handlebar, and a motor power knob U4 is used to adjust the brake of the generator U2 and adjust the output power of the generator. Due to the output power of the generator
Ο 皇^者踩踏腳踏板⑽提供’因此可如—般健身腳踏 槿έ 肖耗賴切里之功能。當錢模組22或充電 機或電腦顯示目前手機或電腦時’則可以由手 许、 之發電功率、模擬之騎乘距離、騎乘速 =關H 等資訊。該手機或電腦上存有控制程式， 矩改由控制itil24並啟動控制程式時，發電機之制動轉 的各種i動^(2°該控軸錢供如—㈣身腳踏車 的選擇改變發電機的制動轉矩 絲跟便用者 車相同之功能。 使腳踏車提供與健身腳踏 較佳者，配合多媒體動晝模擬使 場所中，例如山上、河濱、公園 ^騎乘於各種情境 式。 φ等，成為一遊戲程 較佳者，該控制程式可透過網路 結伴騎乘或競速之遊戲。 、人連線，進行如 本發明之腳踏車在戶外行進， 係將發電機m接上電壓調節器u:騎乘發電模式時’ ’參照圖1，以將發 9 201008825 電機112產生的電壓調節成穩定的直流電壓，提供給方向 燈102及120、前後照明燈104及116，以及手機/PDA/衛 星導航/MP3等可攜式設備充電座122。圖3係本發明之電 壓調節器一實施例的方塊圖，分為主電力電路30及控制 電路34兩個部份，主電力電路30先以三相整流子302及 直流電容C1將發電機112提供的輸入電壓整流滤波為直 流’直流對直流轉換器304再將之轉換為穩定的直流輸出 電壓Vo。控制電路34迴授輸出電壓Vo，益利用電壓控制 ® 器344及信號PWM 342調整開關之責任週期以調整直流 對直流轉換器304之輸出，使迴授之輸出電壓Vo等於參 考電壓。輸出電壓Vo經由多插槽之USB輸出306，提供 給腳踏車上附掛之充電或照明設備使用。 本發明之腳踏車被架起接上交流模組時，參照圖2， 踩踏腳踏板產生之電力被饋入市電，圖4係交流模組一實 施例的方塊圖，分為主電力電路40、控制電路42以及介 ❹ 面電路44三個部份。主電力電路40利用整流子402以及 直流電容C1將發電機提供之輸入電壓整流濾波成直流， 整流後的直流電流被迴授給控制電路42，DC-DC轉換器 404將電壓升壓且將其輸出電流控制成半正弦之交流電 流，接著再利用以線頻切換之DC-AC變流器406將該半 • 正弦之交流電流轉換為與市電同相之交流電流並饋入市 . 電。控制電路42的電流命令選擇裝置426根據一手動電 流準位命令或控制程式設定之電流準位命令，決定給 DC-DC轉換器404的電流命令。該手動電流準位命令由前 201008825 述之功率旋鈕決定，當該功率旋鈕開啟時由該旋鈕設定該 電流命令的大小，當該功率旋鈕轉到最小準位並關閉時， 選擇開關切換使該電流命令改由儲存於該腳踏車聯結之 電腦或手機中的控制程式設定之電流準位命令決定。該電 '流命令與迴授之直流電流比較後，其誤差經電流控制器 425調整產生控制電壓之振幅命令，此電壓振幅命令再經 過控制電壓產生器424與一和市電電壓同步的半正弦信號 相乘後，得到一半正弦之控制電壓，最後再與鋸齒波比較 ® 產生觸發信號PWM以控制DC-DC轉換器404的輸出。對 DC-AC變流器406之控制則是先以同步電路421判斷市電 是否正常，且用以產生一與市電同步之正弦信號，該正弦 信號除了經過絕對值電路422產生半正弦信號供控制電壓 產生器424使用外，還經過同步切換控制器423產生低 頻、正負半週各導通180度之方塊波觸發信號，使DC-AC 變流器406之開關以低頻且與市電同步之方式將DC-DC Q 轉換器輸出之半正弦電流轉換為交流正弦以饋入市電，由 於該正弦電流與市電同相且低失真，因此功率因數接近。 同步電路421控制DC-AC變流器交流侧之同步開關408， 當同步電路421判斷市電異常時，將開關408打開並停止 DC-AC變流器406之工作以停止電力饋入市電。介面電路 - 44接受迴授電路40產生之直流電壓、直流電流、交流電 - 壓、交流電流及發電機的編碼器訊號進行類比轉數位轉 換，將前述信號轉換為USB通訊格式並藉由USB與電腦 46及手機48通訊，介面電路44同時用來接受電腦46或 11 201008825 手機48中的控制程式產生之電流命令。 圖5係本發明之充電模組一實施例的方塊圖，主電力 電路50利用整流子502及直流電容將發電機112產生之 輸入電壓加以整流及濾波，再經由DC-DC轉換器504對 _ 蓄電池55充電。為使蓄電池能以定電流、定電壓及浮充 等三階段的充電方式充電以確保電池壽命，DC-DC轉換器 504的輸出並聯一包含制動開關Q及制動電阻R之制動電 路506，制動開關Q受控制電路52提供的信號PWM2控 ® 制，當發電機產生的電力超出充電功率需求時，制動開關 Q開始截波以利用制動電阻R消耗超出電池充電電力需求 之部分，使蓄電池55不致因過充而損毁。控制電路52根 據選擇開關的切換，由手動電流準位命令或程式設定之電 流準位命令決定電流命令，該電流命令與迴授之直流電流 比較後，其誤差經電流控制器526調整產生控制電壓，控 制電壓再與鋸齒波比較，產生觸發信號PWM1。控制電路 φ 52中還包含一電池充電控制電路，用來提供信號PWM2。 該電池充電控制電路將迴授之電池電壓匕與設定充飽之 電池電壓命令F/比較，經比例積分(PI)控制器521及充電 電流限制器522得到電池之充電電流命令//，充電電流命 令//用來設定電池的額定充電電流準位，當電池電壓匕 - 與電壓命令間的差值較大時，以定電流方式對蓄電池 - 充電；當電池電壓h接近電壓命令時，PI控制器521 之輸出將減小使進入充電電流限制器522之線性區而進入 定電壓充電模式；當電池電壓訊號等於電壓命令F/ 12 201008825 時’充電電流命令將小至近乎零，此時充電電流很小，僅 用以維持電池本身之損耗，保持在所謂的浮充狀態。充電 控制器之内迴路為電流控制，用以使充電電流追隨其充電 電流命令，其誤差經PI電流控制器523調整，經由正向限 制器524及增益為—丨之反向電路527得到控制制動開關q 之信號PWM2。正向限制器524用來在pi電流控制器523 輸出為正時使控制電壓為零，亦即制動電路5〇6不動作， ❹其目的為在發電機產生的電力達不到充電需求時，將所有 發電之電力均充入蓄電池中；當Η電流控制器523輪出為 負時，反向電路527反向後之控制電壓為正，使制動電路 506動作’以使充電電流在過度發電之情況下維持相同的 充電電流。介面電路54接收主電力電路50感測之直流電 壓、直流電流、電池電壓、電池電流及發電機之編碼器訊 號’經過類比轉數位轉換將該些資訊轉換為USB通訊格 式’並藉由USB接線與電腦56及手機58通訊，介面電路 ❹ 54同時用來接收電腦56或手機58中的控制程式產生的電 流準位命令。 本發明之控制程式儲存於電腦或手機中，透過USB 介面與交流模組或充電模組溝通，該控制程式的程式規劃 如圖6 ’人機介面程式601接收經由交流模組或充電模組 • 的介面電路輸入之感測訊號後，利用功率計算等程式602 - 根據直流電壓及直流電流計算運動功率（如瞬時功率、累計 卡路里等）、根據交流模組交流侧之電壓及電流計算饋入市 電之功率（如瞬時功率、累計發電量、功率因數、電流諧波 201008825 等）、根據充電模組之電池電壓及電流計算饋充電之功率 (如瞬時功率、累計發電量、電流容量等），並由編碼器信 號以及預設之腳踏車輪子半徑計算運動時速及模擬之騎 乘距離。這些計算結果由顯示程式606透過電腦或手機的 顯示幕提供給使用者。人機介面裎式601可供使用者輸入 個人資訊、選擇運動模式等設定，經由功率等計算程式 602、運動模式控制程式602以及電流命令計算程式6〇7 ❹計算產生對應之電流命令準位’再經由介面電路傳至交流 模組或充電模組。使甩者亦可透過人機介面程式6〇1啟動 遊戲程式604，該遊戲程式利用多媒體動晝模擬使用者騎 乘於一情境場所（如山上、河濱、公園、城市等），利用情 境場所及使用者之騎乘狀態，可以產生運動模式控制程式 相關之參數及命令，再藉由運動模式控制程式之控制產生 電流命令。該遊戲程式亦可透過網路通訊程式6〇5連線到 網路，與其他人連線以模擬結伴騎乘或相互競速。 ❹ 前述實施例使用之發電機為三相永磁同步發電機’其 單相之等效電路如圖7所示，發電機之應電勢（或稱速度電 壓）與發電機轉速（0m)成正比，在忽略同步電抗之壓降穩 態條件下，發電機之輸出端電壓等於發電機之應電勢，發 電機輸出經由三相整流及濾波後，其直流電壓等於輸出端 •電壓之峰對峰值，因此發電機輸出功率Po可以直流功率 近似得出： P〇 = Pdc = kc〇mldc ⑴ 其中，Idc為整流後之直流輸出電流。 14 201008825 又發電機之機械輸入功率pm為： (2) :P〇，故Ο Emperor ^ people step on the pedals (10) to provide 'so can be as good as the fitness pedal 槿έ Xiao Lai Li Li function. When the money module 22 or the charger or the computer displays the current mobile phone or computer, then the information can be generated by the hand, the power generated by the simulation, the riding distance of the simulation, the riding speed = the off H. There is a control program stored on the mobile phone or computer. When the control is changed to control the itil24 and the control program is started, the generator brakes all kinds of movements (2° the control shaft money is provided as - (4) the choice of the bicycle changes the generator The brake torque wire has the same function as the user's car. It provides the bicycle with the best fitness pedal, and cooperates with the multimedia simulation to make the place, such as the mountain, riverside and park, ride in various situations. It is a better gamer, the control program can ride or compete through the network. The person connects, and the bicycle of the present invention travels outdoors, and the generator m is connected to the voltage regulator. u: When riding the power generation mode ' 'Refer to Figure 1 to adjust the voltage generated by the motor 9 of the 201008825 to a stable DC voltage, to the direction lights 102 and 120, the front and rear lamps 104 and 116, and the mobile phone/PDA/ FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the voltage regulator of the present invention. The main power circuit 30 is divided into two parts: a main power circuit 30 and a control circuit 34. Three-phase whole The sub-302 and the DC capacitor C1 rectify and filter the input voltage provided by the generator 112 into a DC 'DC-to-DC converter 304 and convert it into a stable DC output voltage Vo. The control circuit 34 returns the output voltage Vo, and utilizes the voltage control. The controller 344 and the signal PWM 342 adjust the duty cycle of the switch to adjust the output of the DC-to-DC converter 304 so that the feedback output voltage Vo is equal to the reference voltage. The output voltage Vo is supplied to the bicycle via the multi-slot USB output 306. When the bicycle of the present invention is connected to the AC module, referring to FIG. 2, the electric power generated by the stepping pedal is fed into the commercial power, and FIG. 4 is a block of an embodiment of the AC module. The figure is divided into three parts: a main power circuit 40, a control circuit 42 and a dielectric circuit 44. The main power circuit 40 uses a commutator 402 and a DC capacitor C1 to rectify and filter the input voltage supplied by the generator into a DC, rectified The DC current is fed back to the control circuit 42, which boosts the voltage and controls its output current to a half-sinus AC current, which is then reused. The line frequency switched DC-AC converter 406 converts the half sinusoidal alternating current into an alternating current in phase with the mains and feeds the power. The current command selection means 426 of the control circuit 42 is based on a manual current level command or The current level command set by the control program determines the current command to the DC-DC converter 404. The manual current level command is determined by the power knob described in the previous 201008825, and the current command is set by the knob when the power knob is turned on. Size, when the power knob is turned to the minimum level and turned off, the selection switch is switched so that the current command is determined by the current level command set by the control program stored in the bicycle or mobile phone connected to the bicycle. After the electrical 'flow command is compared with the feedback DC current, the error is adjusted by the current controller 425 to generate an amplitude command of the control voltage, and the voltage amplitude command is then passed through the control voltage generator 424 to a half sinusoidal signal synchronized with the mains voltage. After multiplication, a half sinusoidal control voltage is obtained, and finally compared with the sawtooth wave® to generate a trigger signal PWM to control the output of the DC-DC converter 404. The control of the DC-AC converter 406 is first to determine whether the mains is normal by the synchronization circuit 421, and to generate a sinusoidal signal synchronized with the mains, the sinusoidal signal is generated by the absolute value circuit 422 to generate a half sinusoidal signal for the control voltage. The generator 424 is also used to generate a low-frequency, positive-negative half-circle 180-degree square wave trigger signal through the synchronous switching controller 423, so that the DC-AC converter 406 switches to DC at a low frequency and in synchronization with the commercial power. The half sinusoidal current output from the DC Q converter is converted to an AC sinusoid to feed the mains. Since the sinusoidal current is in phase with the mains and has low distortion, the power factor is close. The synchronizing circuit 421 controls the synchronizing switch 408 of the AC side of the DC-AC converter. When the synchronizing circuit 421 judges that the mains is abnormal, the switch 408 is turned on and the operation of the DC-AC converter 406 is stopped to stop the power feeding to the mains. The interface circuit - 44 receives the DC voltage, DC current, AC voltage, AC current and generator encoder signal generated by the feedback circuit 40 for analog-to-digital conversion, converting the aforementioned signal into a USB communication format and using USB and a computer 46 and mobile phone 48 communication, interface circuit 44 is also used to accept the current command generated by the control program in computer 46 or 11 201008825 mobile phone 48. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the charging module of the present invention. The main power circuit 50 rectifies and filters the input voltage generated by the generator 112 by using the commutator 502 and the DC capacitor, and then passes through the DC-DC converter 504. The battery 55 is charged. In order to enable the battery to be charged in a three-stage charging mode such as constant current, constant voltage and floating charge to ensure battery life, the output of the DC-DC converter 504 is connected in parallel with a brake circuit 506 including a brake switch Q and a braking resistor R, and a brake switch. Q is controlled by the signal PWM2 provided by the control circuit 52. When the power generated by the generator exceeds the charging power demand, the brake switch Q starts to intercept to utilize the braking resistor R to consume the portion exceeding the battery charging power demand, so that the battery 55 does not cause a cause. Overcharged and destroyed. The control circuit 52 determines the current command according to the manual current level command or the programmed current level command according to the switching of the selection switch. After the current command is compared with the feedback DC current, the error is adjusted by the current controller 526 to generate the control voltage. The control voltage is then compared with the sawtooth wave to generate a trigger signal PWM1. The control circuit φ 52 also includes a battery charge control circuit for providing the signal PWM2. The battery charging control circuit compares the feedback battery voltage 匕 with the set full battery voltage command F/, and obtains the charging current command of the battery by the proportional integral (PI) controller 521 and the charging current limiter 522, and the charging current. The command / / is used to set the rated charging current level of the battery. When the difference between the battery voltage 匕- and the voltage command is large, the battery is charged in a constant current mode; when the battery voltage h is close to the voltage command, the PI control The output of the 521 will be reduced to enter the linear region of the charging current limiter 522 and enter the constant voltage charging mode; when the battery voltage signal is equal to the voltage command F/ 12 201008825, the charging current command will be as small as near zero, at which time the charging current It is very small and is only used to maintain the loss of the battery itself, and is kept in a so-called floating state. The inner loop of the charge controller is current control for causing the charge current to follow its charge current command, the error of which is adjusted by the PI current controller 523, and the control brake is obtained via the forward limiter 524 and the reverse circuit 527 having a gain of -丨. Signal PWM2 of switch q. The forward limiter 524 is used to make the control voltage zero when the output of the pi current controller 523 is positive, that is, the brake circuit 5〇6 does not operate, and the purpose is that when the power generated by the generator does not reach the charging demand, All the power generated by the power is charged into the battery; when the current controller 523 is negative, the control voltage of the reverse circuit 527 is positive, and the brake circuit 506 is operated to make the charging current excessively generate power. The same charging current is maintained. The interface circuit 54 receives the DC voltage, the DC current, the battery voltage, the battery current, and the encoder signal of the generator that are sensed by the main power circuit 50. The analog information is converted into a USB communication format by analog-to-digital conversion and is connected by USB. In communication with the computer 56 and the mobile phone 58, the interface circuit 54 is also used to receive current level commands generated by the control program in the computer 56 or the mobile phone 58. The control program of the present invention is stored in a computer or a mobile phone, and communicates with an AC module or a charging module through a USB interface. The program planning of the control program is as shown in FIG. 6 'Human Machine Interface Program 601 receiving via an AC module or a charging module. After inputting the sensing signal of the interface circuit, the power calculation program 602 is used to calculate the motion power (such as instantaneous power, accumulated calories, etc.) according to the DC voltage and the DC current, and calculate the power supply according to the voltage and current of the AC side of the AC module. Power (such as instantaneous power, cumulative power generation, power factor, current harmonics 201008825, etc.), calculate the power of the charging (such as instantaneous power, cumulative power generation, current capacity, etc.) according to the battery voltage and current of the charging module, and The motion speed and the simulated ride distance are calculated from the encoder signal and the preset pedal wheel radius. These calculation results are provided to the user by the display program 606 through the display screen of the computer or mobile phone. The human interface 601 can be used by the user to input personal information, select a motion mode, etc., and calculate a corresponding current command level via a power calculation program 602, a motion mode control program 602, and a current command calculation program 6〇7 ❹. Then, it is transmitted to the AC module or the charging module via the interface circuit. The game program 604 can also be launched through the human interface program 6. The game program uses the multimedia to simulate the user riding in a situation (such as mountains, riversides, parks, cities, etc.), using the situation place. And the riding state of the user, the parameters and commands related to the motion mode control program can be generated, and the current command is generated by the control of the motion mode control program. The game program can also be connected to the Internet via a network communication program 6〇5 to connect with others to simulate riding or racing.发电机 The generator used in the previous embodiment is a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator. Its single-phase equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 7. The generator's potential (or speed) is proportional to the generator speed (0m). Under the condition of ignoring the steady-state voltage drop steady state, the output voltage of the generator is equal to the potential of the generator. After the generator output is rectified and filtered by three-phase, the DC voltage is equal to the peak-to-peak value of the output terminal and voltage. Therefore, the generator output power Po can be approximated by the DC power: P〇 = Pdc = kc〇mldc (1) where Idc is the rectified DC output current. 14 201008825 The mechanical input power pm of the generator is: (2) : P〇, so
Pm = Ττηωη, 若忽略發電機以及整流電路之損失，此時 由式1及式2可得 r _ Tm 1 dc — ~ k (3) 直流電流Ide正比於發電機之轉矩，而轉矩直接影響 使用者踩動腳踏板的感覺，換言之，前述實施例中，以手 動或程式決定之電流命令可以改變交流模組或充電模組 中的直流電流，因此可以模擬出在各種環境下騎乘腳踏車 的效果。 本發明提出之發電腳踏車可以在行進間提供行車電 力（如腳踏車本身之照明、方向燈及手機之充電器等），回 到家中可以作為健身用之腳踏車，同時將健身所消耗之能 量轉換為電力饋入市電亦或對蓄電池充電以降低因電池 Q 充電所額外帶來之市電充損耗，另外，本發明還可以在發 電控制上結合運動模式規劃、多媒體動晝及網路通訊，形 成如Wii —般的情境式互動式電玩，將腳踏車的功用發揮 到極致。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係本發明一實施例的示意圖； 圖2係圖1之腳踏車架起使用時的示意圖； 圖3係本發明之電壓調節器一實施例的方塊圖； 15 201008825 圖4係本發明之交流模組一實施例的方塊圖； 圖5係本發明之充電模組一實施例的方塊圖； 圖6繪示本發明之控制程式的規劃；以及 圖7係三相永磁同步發電機的單相等效電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】Pm = Ττηωη, if the loss of generator and rectifier circuit is neglected, then r _ Tm 1 dc — ~ k (3) DC current Ide is proportional to the torque of the generator, and the torque is directly Influencing the user's feeling of stepping on the pedal, in other words, in the foregoing embodiment, the current command determined by manual or program can change the direct current in the AC module or the charging module, so that it can simulate riding in various environments. The effect of the bicycle. The power bicycle provided by the invention can provide driving power (such as the illumination of the bicycle itself, the direction light and the charger of the mobile phone) in the traveling room, and can be used as a bicycle for fitness at home, and convert the energy consumed by the fitness into electric power. Feeding the mains or charging the battery to reduce the mains charging loss caused by the battery Q charging. In addition, the present invention can also combine the motion mode planning, multimedia dynamics and network communication in the power generation control to form a Wii. The situational interactive video game takes the function of the bicycle to the extreme. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the use of the bicycle frame of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the voltage regulator of the present invention; 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an AC module of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a charging module of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a plan diagram of a control program of the present invention; Single-phase equivalent circuit diagram of a magnetic synchronous generator. [Main component symbol description]
10 發電腳踏車 102 LED方向燈 104 車頭LED照明燈 106 齒輪 108 腳踏板 110 鍊條 112 發電機 114 後輪 116 車尾LED照明燈 118 電壓調節器 120 LED方向燈 122 充電座 124 功率旋叙 20 充電模組 22 交流模組 24 插頭 26 蓄電池 30 主電力電路 16 20100882510 Power bicycle 102 LED direction light 104 Front head LED light 106 Gear 108 Foot pedal 110 Chain 112 Generator 114 Rear wheel 116 Rear LED light 118 Voltage regulator 120 LED direction light 122 Charging base 124 Power rotation 20 Charging mode Group 22 AC module 24 plug 26 battery 30 main power circuit 16 201008825
302 整流子 304 DC-DC轉換器 306 多插槽之USB輸出 32 時速表 34 控制電路 342 信號PWM 344 電壓控制器 40 主電力電路 402 整流子 404 DC-DC轉換器 406 DC-AC變流器 408 開關 42 控制電路 421 同步電路 422 絕對值電路 423 同步切換控制器 424 控制電壓產生器 425 電流控制器 426 電流命令選擇裝置 44 介面電路 46 電腦 48 手機 50 主電力電路 502 整流子 17 201008825302 commutator 304 DC-DC converter 306 multi-slot USB output 32 speedometer 34 control circuit 342 signal PWM 344 voltage controller 40 main power circuit 402 commutator 404 DC-DC converter 406 DC-AC converter 408 Switch 42 Control circuit 421 Synchronization circuit 422 Absolute value circuit 423 Synchronous switching controller 424 Control voltage generator 425 Current controller 426 Current command selection device 44 Interface circuit 46 Computer 48 Mobile phone 50 Main power circuit 502 Commutator 17 201008825
504 DC-DC轉換器 506 制動電路 52 控制電路 521 PI控制器 522 充電電流限制 523 PI電流控制器 524 正向限制器 525 電流命令選擇裝置 526 電流控制器 527 反向電路 54 介面電路 55 蓄電池 56 電腦 58 手機 601 人機介面程式 602 功率等計算程式 603 運動模式控制程式 604 遊戲程式 605 網路通訊程式 606 顯示程式 607 電流命令計算程式 18504 DC-DC Converter 506 Brake Circuit 52 Control Circuit 521 PI Controller 522 Charge Current Limit 523 PI Current Controller 524 Forward Limiter 525 Current Command Selector 526 Current Controller 527 Reverse Circuit 54 Interface Circuit 55 Battery 56 Computer 58 mobile phone 601 human interface program 602 power calculation program 603 motion mode control program 604 game program 605 network communication program 606 display program 607 current command calculation program 18