SI9110585A - Vacuum insulation panel with asymetric structure - Google Patents
Vacuum insulation panel with asymetric structure Download PDFInfo
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- SI9110585A SI9110585A SI9110585A SI9110585A SI9110585A SI 9110585 A SI9110585 A SI 9110585A SI 9110585 A SI9110585 A SI 9110585A SI 9110585 A SI9110585 A SI 9110585A SI 9110585 A SI9110585 A SI 9110585A
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- metal
- mixtures
- water
- fibrous material
- jacket
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 109
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 85
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 40
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 18
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910002018 Aerosil® 300 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 101100004297 Caenorhabditis elegans bet-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002019 Aerosil® 380 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001986 Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
VAKUMSKI IZOLACIJSKI PANEL Z ASIMETRIČNO STRUKTUROVACUUM INSULATION PANEL WITH ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE
Izum se nanaša na fazonski kos, prednostno v obliki plošče, uporaben kot toplotni izolator, kot tudi na postopek za njegovo proizvodnjo.The invention relates to a shaped piece, preferably in the form of a plate, useful as a thermal insulator, as well as to a process for its production.
Poznana je proizvodnja toplotno izolacijskih plošč ali ravnih toplotno izolacijskih teles na osnovi obarjene silicijeve kisline, katera so razplinjena in imajo večslojni plašč.The production of thermal insulation boards or flat thermal insulation bodies based on precipitated silicic acid, which are degassed and have a multilayer coat, is known.
Tako patentni spis EP-A 0 190 582 kot tudi EP-A 0 254 993 opisuje plašč iz vezane folije, ki vsebuje dodatno tudi kovinsko folijo na primer iz aluminija. Ta folija mora biti neprepustna za zrak in vodo.Both EP-A 0 190 582 and EP-A 0 254 993 disclose a sheath made of bonded foil that also contains a metal foil, such as aluminum. This foil must be impermeable to air and water.
Patentni spis EP-B 0 164 006 opisuje toplotno izolacijske plošče, ki vsebujejo fino razporejene kovinske okside, ki so razplinjeni. Material za plašč je lahko vezana folija z naslednjim vrstnim redom slojev: termop1astični material/kovinska folija/termoplastični material.EP-B 0 164 006 describes thermal insulation panels containing finely spaced metal oxides which are degassed. The jacket material may be bonded foil in the following order of layers: thermoplastic material / metal foil / thermoplastic material.
Japonski patentni spis Sho 62-207 777 (12.09.1987) opisuje toplotno izolacijske elemente, ki se proizvajajo na ta način, da se v posodo iz toplotno oplemenitenega sintetičnega laminata strese perlit ali drugi lahki porozni material, nato pa se notranjost te posode razplini.Japanese patent file Sho 62-207 777 (12/09/1987) describes heat insulating elements that are produced in such a way that pearlite or other light porous material is shaken into a container of heat-treated synthetic laminate and then the interior of this container is degassed.
2Toplotno oplemeniteni toplotno izolacijski elementi so sestavljeni iz sintetičnega laminata debeline 25pm, katerega prepustnost za vodno paro je 1,0g/(m2.d) pri 38°C in 90% relativni vlagi ter s prepustnostjo za kisik 2,0cm3/(m2.d) pri 23eC in 90% relativni vlagi. Laminate sestavlja vinilidenklorid-vini1klorid-kopolimer, na katerega je najmanj z ene strani nanešen aluminijast sloj debeline od 100 do 1000 angstremov. Uporablja se najmanj en laminatni sloj.2 Thermal insulated elements consist of a synthetic 25pm thick laminate with a vapor permeability of 1.0g / (m 2 .d) at 38 ° C and 90% relative humidity and an oxygen permeability of 2.0cm 3 / (m 2 .d) at 23 e C and 90% relative humidity. The laminates consist of a vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride-copolymer, on which at least one aluminum layer with a thickness of 100 to 1000 angstroms is applied on at least one side. At least one laminate layer is used.
Poznana uporaba vezanih folij s kovinskimi sloji ima to slabo lastnost, da se paralelno s površino folije lahko odvede toplota. Ob njihovi uporabi za izolacijske materiale pride do pojava nezaželjenih toplotnih mostov na robovih toplotno izolacijskih teles med hladno in toplo stranjo.The known use of bonded films with metal layers has this poor property that heat can be dissipated in parallel with the surface of the film. When used for insulating materials, unwanted thermal bridges occur at the edges of the thermal insulation bodies between the cold and warm sides.
S tem povezan negativni vpliv na skupno toplotno prevodnost nekega toplotno izolacijskega telesa ni zajet pri merjenju toplotne prevodnosti po absolutnem postopku s ploščo z zaščitnim obročem po Kohlrausch-u (F. Kohlrausch: Praktična fizika, zvezek 1, 22 izdaja, založnik B. G. Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart 1968, stran 375).The associated negative impact on the total thermal conductivity of a thermal insulation body is not covered by the measurement of thermal conductivity by the absolute Kohlrausch plate ring procedure (F. Kohlrausch: Practical Physics, Volume 1, 22 Edition, published by BG Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart 1968, page 375).
Toplotno izolacijsko telo, proizvedeno po patentu EP-A 0 190 582 z uporabo folije, ki vsebuje kovino, ima merjeno po zgornjem postopku, pri 23eC toplotno prevodnost 8mW/(m.K). če se izbere način merjenja brez zaščitnega obroča, potem raste toplotna prevodnost do delno znatno višjih vrednosti, odvisno od geometrije fazonskega kosa in njegove velikosti kot tudi debeline kovinskega sloja v foliji plašča.The thermal insulation body manufactured to EP-A 0 190 582 using a metal-containing film has a thermal conductivity of 8mW / (mK) measured at 23 e C using the above procedure. if the method of measurement without a protective ring is chosen, then the thermal conductivity increases to partially significantly higher values, depending on the geometry of the fitting piece and its size as well as the thickness of the metal layer in the coat film.
Torej izolacijski učinek celotnega toplotno izolacijskegaSo the insulating effect of the entire thermal insulation
-3telesa je odločilno odvisen od tega, ali vsebuje v proizvodnji uporabljena folija kovino ali ne.-3The body depends crucially on whether or not the foil used in the production contains metal.
Iz starejših patentnih prijav DE-OS 39 15 170 in DE-OS 40 08 490.9 so poznani fazonski kosi, ki se uporabljajo kot toplotni izolatorji in so sestavljeni iz fino razporejenega praškastega oziroma vlaknastega materiala, ki ima kapaciteto vpijanja vode od 4 do 50 utežnih % pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi, kot tudi plašča, ki ne vsebuje kovin in obdaja ta fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlakasti material in ima pri tem propustnost za vodno paro od 0,1 do 0,5g/(m2.d) oziroma 0,02 do 0,1g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi ter prepustnost za pline od 0,1 do 0,5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) oziroma za pline N2, 02 in C02 v višini od 0,05 do 0,5 cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C.Older patent applications DE-OS 39 15 170 and DE-OS 40 08 490.9 are known fittings for use as thermal insulators, consisting of finely divided powder or fibrous material having a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity, as well as a metal free jacket enclosing this finely divided powder or fibrous material, having a water vapor permeability of 0.1 to 0.5g / (m 2 .d) respectively 0.02 to 0.1g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity and permeability to gases from 0.1 to 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) or to gases N 2 , 0 2 and C0 2 in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23 ° C.
Ti poznani fazonski kosi lahko pri navedenih pogojih zadržijo svojo nizko toplotno prevodnost samo okoli 3 leta oziroma 7,2 1 et.Under these conditions, these known fittings can retain their low thermal conductivity only for about 3 years or 7.2 1 et.
Ob uporabi toplotno izolacijskih teles v hladilnih napravah morajo svojo nizko toplotno prevodnost zadržati tudi daljše časovno obdobje.When using thermal insulation bodies in refrigeration plants, they must also maintain their low thermal conductivity for a longer period of time.
Zaradi tega je podana naloga proizvesti toplotno izolacijsko telo, ki bo imelo daljšo življensko dobo in nadalje, pri katerem se zaradi kovinskih sestavnih delov ali oblog ne bodo pojavljali toplotni mostovi na robovih toplotno izolacijskih teles med hladno in toplo stranjo.For this reason, the task is to produce a thermal insulation body which will have a longer life span and further, due to the metal components or linings, no thermal bridges will appear on the edges of the thermal insulation bodies between the cold and warm sides.
Predmet izuma je fazonski kos, prednostno v obliki plošče, uporabljen kot toplotni izolator, narejen iz:The object of the invention is a shaped piece, preferably in the form of a plate, used as a thermal insulator made of:
-4a) fino razporejenega praškastega oziroma vlaknastega materiala, ki ima kapaciteto vpijanja vode od 4 do 50 utežnih % pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi,-4a) a finely divided powder or fibrous material having a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity,
b) plašča iz dveh delov z asimetrično strukturo, ki vsebuje ta fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material, pri čemer je prvi del plašča brez kovin in tako globoko izvlečen (prešan), da je to korito popolnoma izpolnjeno s prednostno ploščatim fazonskim kosom. Drugi del (pokrov) je brez kovin ali vsebuje kovino in je lahko raven in povezan s koritom tako, da je zagotovljen zaključek, ki je neprepusten za plin in vodno paro, pri čemer imata oba dela prepustnost za vodno paro med 0 in 0,2g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi ter prepustnost za pline N2, O2 in C02 v višini od 0 do 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C, z lastnostjo da lahko vpije od 2 do 15 utežnih % vode, pri čemer se toplotna prevodnost ne poslabša za več kot 25%.b) a two-piece sheath with an asymmetrical structure containing this finely divided powder or fibrous material, the first part of the sheath being metal-free and so deep (pressed) that this trough is completely filled with a preferably flat shaped piece. The other part (lid) is metal-free or metal-enclosed and can be level and connected to the sink so that a gas and watertight seal is provided, with both parts having a water vapor permeability of between 0 and 0.2g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity and permeability for N 2 , O 2 and C0 2 gases from 0 to 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23 ° C , with the ability to absorb from 2 to 15% by weight of water, with thermal conductivity not worsening by more than 25%.
Plašč z asimetrično strukturo ima to prednost, da je kot prekrivna folija (drugi del plašča) lahko uporabljena tudi ravna folija, ki vsebuje kovino, in pri kateri ne nastajajo toplotni mostovi. Ta folijah in ima zelo nizko prepustnost za vodno paro med 0 in 0,5cm3/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi ter neznatno prepustnost za pline N2, 02 in C02 v skupnem seštevku med 0 in 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C, tako da se življenska doba toplotno izolacijskega telesa še enkrat lahko znatno podaljša.An asymmetrical structure has the advantage that a sheet of metal (the second part of the mantle) can also be used as a flat film containing metal and without thermal bridges. This foil also has a very low permeability for water vapor between 0 and 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity and a low permeability for N 2 , 0 2 and C0 2 gases in total 0 and 0.5cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23 ° C, so that the life of the thermal insulation body can once again be significantly extended.
Toplotno izolacijsko telo glede na izum se lahko razplini.According to the invention, the thermal insulation body can be degassed.
5Prednostni notranji pritisk znaša 1mbar.5Previous internal pressure is 1mbar.
S prešanjem dosežena gostota fino razporejenega materiala, ki se nahaja v toplotno izolacijskem telesu, lahko znaša 40 200g/l, prednostno 50 - 120g/l.The density of the finely spaced material contained in the thermal insulation body can be as high as 40 200g / l, preferably 50-120g / l.
Fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material je lahko vprešan v nek mikroporozen plašč.The finely divided powder or fibrous material may be embedded in a microporous coat.
Fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material se lahko suši v mikroporoznem plašču.The finely divided powder or fibrous material can be dried in a microporous jacket.
V prednostni obliki izvedbe se lahko mikroporozni plašč, ki vsebuje fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material, prešan in osušen, vstavi v dvodelni plašč z asimetrično strukturo, pri čemer se z veliko prednosti kot prekrivna folija uporablja folija, ki vsebuje kovino.In a preferred embodiment, a microporous sheath containing finely divided powder or fibrous material, pressed and dried, can be inserted into a two-part sheath with an asymmetrical structure, with metal-containing foil being used with great advantage.
Fazonske kose je možno proizvesti glede na izum, pri čemer se:The cut pieces can be produced according to the invention, whereby:
a) v danem primeru fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material, ki ima kapaciteto vpijanja vode od 4 do 50 utežnih % (pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi), suši pri takih pogojih, ki omogočajo odstranitev površinske vode iz njega,a) in the present case, the finely divided powder or fibrous material having a water absorption capacity of from 4 to 50% by weight (at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity) is dried under such conditions as to permit the removal of surface water from it,
b) praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material v danem primeru preša, pri čemer se eventualno lahko uporabi tudi nek kalup za prešanje,b) powdery or fibrous material in the case in which the press is used, possibly using some mold for pressing,
c) v danem primeru sušeni in eventualno prešani praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material vnaša v koritasti (globokoc) if necessary, enter the dried and possibly pressed powder or fibrous material into a trough (deep
-~ό~ izvlečeni) del plašča, ki ne vsebuje kovin, in ima prepustnost za vodno paro od 0,02 do 0,1g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi ter prepustnost za pline N2, 02 in CO2 v skupnem seštevku od 0,05 do 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23°C,- ~ ό ~ extracted) metal-free jacket having a vapor permeability of 0.02 to 0.1g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity and a N 2 gas permeability , 0 2 and CO 2 in the total of 0.05 to 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23 ° C,
d) v danem primeru osušeni in eventualno prešani praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material v koritastem (globoko izvlečenem) delu plašča razplini na pritisk med 0,1 in 1 mbar,d) in the present case, the dried and possibly pressed powder or fibrous material in the trough (deeply drawn out) portion of the mantle decomposes at a pressure of between 0.1 and 1 mbar;
e) drugi del ravnega plašča, ki ne vsebuje ali pa vsebuje kovino, in ima prepustnost za vodno paro od 0 do 0,2g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi ter prepustnost za pline N2, 02 in C02 v skupnem seštevku od 0 do 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23eC, v vakuumu poveže s prvim delom plašča, ki ne vsebuje kovine na ta način, da se vzdržuje vakuum v notranjosti plašča in da nastane - če je to možno - priključek, ki je neprepusten za plin in vodno paro.e) a second part of the flat coat, not containing or containing metal, having a vapor permeability of 0 to 0,2 g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity and a permeability to N 2 gases, 0 2 and C0 2 in a total of 0 to 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23 e C, in a vacuum it connects to the first part of the jacket which does not contain metal in such a way as to maintain the vacuum in and to create, if possible, a gas- and steam-tight connection.
V prednostni izvedbi postopka glede na izum se lahko dvodelni plašč z asimetrično strukturo razplini v območju med 0,1 in 1mbar.In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, a two-part coat with an asymmetric structure may degass in the range of 0.1 to 1mbar.
V prednostni izvedbi postopka glede na izum se lahko fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material suši v mikroporoznem plašču.In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the finely divided powder or fibrous material may be dried in a microporous jacket.
V prednostni izvedbi postopka glede na izum se lahko fino razporejeni praškasti oziroma vlaknasti material vpreša v mikroporozen plašč in nato eventualno suši.In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the finely divided powder or fibrous material may be injected into the microporous coat and subsequently dried.
Sušenje fino razporejenega praškastega oziroma vlaknastegaDrying of fine powder or fiber
-Ίmateriala se v prednostni izvedbeni obliki glede na izum lahko izvaja z mikrovalovi.-The material in the preferred embodiment according to the invention can be operated by microwaves.
Za mikroporozni plašč, ki je v glavnem namenjen temu, da drži fino razporejeni praškasti material skupaj v času prešanja in sušenja, se lahko uporabi neka folija ali pa vlaknasti material iz na primer polipropilena, poliestra ali filterskega papirja (celuloza).For a microporous jacket, which is mainly intended to hold the finely divided powder material together during pressing and drying, some foil or fibrous material of, for example, polypropylene, polyester or filter paper (cellulose) may be used.
V splošnem se za ta namen lahko uporabi neka folija ali material, ki prepušča pline (na primer zrak) in vlago, obenem pa zadržuje fino razporejeni praškasti material.In general, a foil or material that transmits gases (such as air) and moisture can be used for this purpose, while retaining finely divided powder material.
Za fino razporejeni (fino mleti) praškasti material se lahko v principu uporabi vsak material, katerega kemijske lastnosti se s časom ne spreminjajo, in ki ima kapaciteto vpijanja vode od 4 do 50 utežnih % pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi.For finely ground (finely ground) powder material, any material whose chemical properties do not change over time and which has a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity may in principle be used.
Količina vode, ki jo fazonski kos glede na izum lahko vpije, ustreza tisti količini vode, pri kateri se toplotna prevodnost fazonskega kosa ne poveča za več kot 25%. V tem smislu je dovoljena vsebnost vode fazonskega kosa od 2 - 15 utežnih % in je v splošnem primeru nižja od kapacitete vpijanja vode praškastega materiala, ki se ga uporablja za proizvodnjo oblikovanega telesa.The amount of water that a fittings can absorb according to the invention corresponds to the amount of water at which the thermal conductivity of the fittings does not increase by more than 25%. In this sense, the water content of the fittings of 2 to 15% by weight is permissible and is generally lower than the water absorption capacity of the powder material used to produce the molded body.
V prednostni izvedbi postopka sme biti količina v fazonskem kosu vpite vode od 5 - 12 utežnih %, še posebej pa od 6 - 7 utežnih %.In a preferred embodiment of the process, the amount of water absorbed in the fittings may be from 5 to 12% by weight, and in particular from 6 to 7% by weight.
Količina plinov, ki sme difundirati v toplotno izolacijsko teloThe amount of gases that can diffuse into the thermal insulation body
8glede na izum, ustreza tisti količini plinov (kot na primer N2, 02 in C02), pri kateri se toplotna prevodnost ne poveča za več kot 25%.8, according to the invention, corresponds to that amount of gases (such as N 2 , 0 2 and C0 2 ) in which the thermal conductivity is not increased by more than 25%.
V tem smislu znaša dovoljeni notranji pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem telesu največ 20mbar, pri čemer je začetni pritisk 1mbar.In this sense, the permissible internal pressure in the thermal insulation body is no more than 20mbar, with the initial pressure being 1mbar.
Prednostno se uporablja fino razporejeni (mleti) material iz silicijevega dioksida, ki se proizvaja z reakcijo alkalnega vodnega stekla z anorgansko kislino za obarjanje silicijevega dioksida. Ta se uporablja sam ali v mešanici z drugimi silicijevimi kislinami ali s praškastimi oziroma vlaknastimi material i .Preferably, finely divided (milled) silica material is produced, which is produced by the reaction of an alkaline aqueous glass with inorganic acid to precipitate the silica. It is used alone or mixed with other silicic acids or with powder or fibrous material i.
Te vrste obarjenih silicijevih kislin so na primer opisane v Ullmann-ovi “Enciklopediji tehnične kemije IV izdaja, zvezek 21, st ran 462.These types of precipitated silicic acids, for example, are described in Ullmann's “Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 21, Pages 462.
Za proizvodnjo fazonskih kosov glede na izum ustrezajo na primer naslednje obarjene silicijeve kisline:For example, the following precipitated silicic acids are suitable for the production of shaped pieces according to the invention:
Sipernat 22 S, Sipernat 22 LS, Sipernat 50 S, FK 500 LS, FK 500 DS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS.Sipernat 22 S, Sipernat 22 LS, Sipernat 50 S, FK 500 LS, FK 500 DS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS.
še posebej se uporabljajo obarjene silicijeve kisline, ki se sušijo z razprševanjem in se meljejo.in particular, precipitated silicon acids are spray dried and ground.
Te vrste obarjenih silicijevih kislin je možno dobiti na tržišču pod oznakami FK 500 LS, FK 500 DS ali Sipernat 22 LS.These types of precipitated silicic acids are commercially available under the designation FK 500 LS, FK 500 DS or Sipernat 22 LS.
--9Druge primerne obarjene silicijeve kisline so opisane v patentnem spisu US-PS 44 95 167 (Degussa).--9Other suitable precipitated silicic acids are described in US-PS 44 95 167 (Degussa).
Lahko se uporabijo tudi naslednji materiali ali kombinacije materialov z eventualnim dodatkom organskih ali anorganskih vlaknastih materialov, kot so to na primer steklasta vlakna, keramična vlakna ali vlakna sintetičnih materialov, z namenom mehansko stabilizirati toplotno izolacijska telesa:The following materials or combinations of materials, with the possible addition of organic or inorganic fibrous materials, such as glass fibers, ceramic fibers or fibers of synthetic materials, may also be used in order to mechanically stabilize thermal insulation bodies:
Mešanice različnih obarjenih silicijevih kislin kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS in FK 500 LS, Sipernat 22 LS in FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS in FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS in FK 500 DS, FK 500 LS in FK 700 DS, FK 700 DS in FK 310.Mixtures of various colored silicic acids such as Sipernat 22 LS and FK 500 LS, Sipernat 22 LS and FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 500 DS, FK 500 LS and FK 700 DS, FK 700 DS and FK 310.
Mešanice obarjenih in pirogenih silicijevih kislin kot na primer: Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS in/ali FK 500 LS z aerosilom A 200 in/ali aerosilom A 300.Mixtures of precipitated and pyrogenic silicic acids such as: Sipernate 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 310, FK 700 DS and / or FK 500 LS with A 200 aerosil and / or A 300 aerosil.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in gela silicijevih kislin, kot so Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS in/ali FK 500 LS z geli silicijevih kislin (na primer tipa Syloid 72 in Syloid 244 firme Grace, VVorms).Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and silicic acid gels such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and / or FK 500 LS with silicic acid gels (for example, Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Vorms).
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in mineralnih materialov kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS in/ali FK 500 LS s perliti, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, sljudo (glimer) in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and mineral materials such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS and / or FK 500 LS with perlite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, mica (glime) and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS s stekleno moko in/ali zelo finoMixtures of precipitated silicic acids and ground glass or glassy materials, such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with glass flour and / or very fine
10“ stekleno volno.10 ”glass wool.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in saj, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS s pečnimi sajami, plamenskimi sajami in/ali plinskimi sajami.Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and carbon blacks such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with furnace, flame and / or gas soot.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS s sintetičnimi ali naravnimi zeoliti ali aluminijevimi silikati ali pa z drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and synthetic or natural silicates, such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with synthetic or natural zeolites or aluminum silicates or with other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr) , extrusil).
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojev za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and synthetic waste materials, such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from incinerators of all kinds.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of colored silicic acids and non-metallic elements such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in vlaken, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali fina sintetična vlakna vseh vrst).Mixtures of colored silicic acids and fibers, such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or fine synthetic fibers of all kinds).
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS in/ali FK 500 DS in organskih praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakrilati.Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 LS and / or FK 500 DS and organic powdered superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice obarjenih silicijevih kislin in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS in/ali FK 500 LS s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom in/ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of precipitated silicic acids and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as Sipernat 22 LS, FK 320 DS, FK 500 DS and / or FK 500 LS with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide and / or titanium dioxide.
Pirogene silicijeve kisline kot na primer Aerosil 200, Aerosil 300, Aerosil 380, Aerosil 450, 0X 50, posebej predhodno obdelani aerosili, aerosil tipa Μ0Χ, aerosil COK 84.Pyrogenic silicic acids such as Aerosil 200, Aerosil 300, Aerosil 380, Aerosil 450, 0X 50, specially pre-treated aerosols, ros0Χ aerosil, COK 84 aerosil.
Mešanice različnih pirogenih silicijevih kislin kot na primer Aerosil 200 ali Aerosil 300 s posebej predhodno obdelanimi vrstami aerosilov.Mixtures of various pyrogenic silicic acids such as Aerosil 200 or Aerosil 300 with specially treated aerosil species.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in gela silicijevih kislin kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 z geli silicijevih kislin (na primer tipa Syloid 72 in Syloid 244 firme Grace, Worms).Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and silicic acid gels such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with silicic acid gels (for example, Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in mineralnih materialov kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 s perliti, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, sljudo in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and mineral materials such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with perlite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, mica and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 s stekleno moko in/ali zelo fino stekleno volno.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and ground glass or glassy materials such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with glass flour and / or very fine glass wool.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in saj, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 s pečnimi sajami, plamenskimi sajami in/ali plinskimi sajami.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and soot, such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with furnace, flame and / or gas soot.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 s sintetičnimi ali naravnimi zeoliti ali aluminijevimi silikati ali drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusii).Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and synthetic or natural silicate materials such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with synthetic or natural zeolites or aluminum silicates or other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusions).
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojenj za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and synthetic waste materials such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from incinerators of all kinds.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and non-metallic elements, such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in vlaken, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali fina sintetična vlakna).Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and fibers such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or fine synthetic fibers).
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 in praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakrilati.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 and powdered superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice pirogenih silicijevih kislin in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer Aerosil 200 in/ali Aerosil 300 s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of pyrogenic silicic acids and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as Aerosil 200 and / or Aerosil 300 with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Mešanice saj in gela silicijevih kislin kot na primer saj ali mešanice saj z geli silicijevih kislin (na primer tipa Syloid 72 in Syloid 244 firme Grace, Worms).Mixtures of carbon black and silicic acid gels such as carbon black or carbon black with silicic acid gels (for example, Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mešanice saj in mineralnih materialov, kot na primer saj ali mešanice saj z montmori1 onitom in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of carbon black and mineral materials such as carbon black or carbon black with montmorite onite and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice saj in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer saj ali mešanice saj s sintetičnimi ali naravnimi zeoliti ali aluminijevimi silikati ali drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of carbon black and synthetic or natural silicate materials, such as carbon black or mixtures of carbon black with synthetic or natural zeolites or aluminum silicates or other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusion).
Mešanice saj in praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakrilati.Mixtures of soot and powdered superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice saj in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer saj ali mešanice saj s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of carbon black and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as carbon black or carbon black with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Zeoliti (zeolitska molekularna sita), kot na primer zeolit A, zeolit X, zeolit Y, predhodno obdelani zeoliti.Zeolites (zeolite molecular sieves) such as zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, pre-treated zeolites.
Mešanice različnih zeolitov, kot na primer zeolit X z zeolitomMixtures of different zeolites, such as zeolite X with zeolite
Y.Y.
Mešanice zeolitov in gelov silicijevih kislin, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov z geli silicijevih kislin (na primer tipa Syloid 72 in Syloid 244 firme Grace, Worms).Mixtures of zeolites and silicic acid gels, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with silicic acid gels (for example, Syloid 72 and Syloid 244 by Grace, Worms).
Mešanice zeolitov in mineralnih materialov, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov s perliti kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, sl judo in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of zeolites and mineral materials such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with perlite kaolinite, montmorillonite, sl judo and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice zeolitov in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov,Mixtures of zeolites and ground glass or glassy materials,
14kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov s stekleno moko in/ali zelo fino stekleno volno.14 such as zeolites or a mixture of zeolites with glass flour and / or very fine glass wool.
Mešanice zeolitov in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov s sintetičnimi aluminijevimi silikati ali drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of zeolites and synthetic or natural silicate materials, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with synthetic aluminum silicates or other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusil).
Mešanice zeolitov in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojenj za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of zeolites and synthetic waste materials such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from incineration plants of all kinds.
Mešanice zeolitov in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of zeolites and non-metallic elements such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice zeolitov in vlaken, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali zelo fina sintetična vlakna).Mixtures of zeolites and fibers, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or very fine synthetic fibers).
Mešanice zeolitov in praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakrilati.Mixtures of zeolites and powdered superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice zeolitov in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer zeolitov ali mešanice zeolitov s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of zeolites and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as zeolites or mixtures of zeolites with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Gel silicija, kot na primer Syloid 72 (firma Grace, Worms), Syloid 244 (firma Grace, Worms).Silicon gel, such as Syloid 72 (Grace, Worms), Syloid 244 (Grace, Worms).
Mešanice različnih gelov silicijevih kislin, kot na primer Syloid 72 s Syloidom 244 (firma Grace, Worms), razni predhodno obdelani geli silicijevih kislin.Mixtures of various silicic acid gels, such as Syloid 72 with Syloid 244 (Grace, Worms), various pre-treated silicic acid gels.
Mešanice gela silicija in mineralnih materialov kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija s perliti, kaolinitom, montmorilonitom, sljudo in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of silica gels and mineral materials such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gels with perlite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, mica and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice gela silicija in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija s stekleno moko in/ali zelo fino stekleno volno.Mixtures of silica gel and ground glass or glassy materials such as silica gel or silica gel mixtures with glass flour and / or very fine glass wool.
Mešanice gela silicija in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija s sintetičnimi aluminijevimi silikati ali drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of silica gels and synthetic or natural silicate materials such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gels with synthetic aluminum silicates or other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusil).
Mešanice gela silicija in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojev za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of silica gels and synthetic waste materials such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gels with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from incineration plants of all kinds.
Mešanice gela silicija in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of silica gels and non-metallic elements such as silica gels or mixtures of silicon gels with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice gela silicija in vlaken, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali fina sintetična vlakna).Mixtures of silica gels and fibers, such as silica gels or mixtures of silicon gels with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or fine synthetic fibers).
16Mešanice gela silicija in praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakri1 ati .16Mixtures of silica gel and powder superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice gela silicija in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer gela silicija ali mešanice gelov silicija s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of silica gels and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as silica gels or mixtures of silica gels with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Mešanice raznih aluminijevih silikatov, kot na primer razne vrste aluminijevih silikatov, različno predhodno obdelani aluminijevi silikati.Mixtures of various aluminum silicates, such as various types of aluminum silicates, different pretreated aluminum silicates.
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in mineralnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov s perliti, kaolinitom, montmori1 onitom, sljudo in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of aluminum silicates and mineral materials such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicates with perlite, kaolinite, montmorite, mica and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov s stekleno moko in/ali zelo fino stekleno volno.Mixtures of aluminum silicates and ground glass or glassy materials, such as aluminum silicate or a mixture of aluminum silicates with glass flour and / or very fine glass wool.
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov z drugimi silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of aluminum silicates and synthetic or natural silicates, such as aluminum silicates or mixtures of aluminum silicates with other silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusion).
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojev za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of aluminum silicates and synthetic waste materials, such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicates with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from incineration plants of all kinds.
~17~ 17
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of aluminum silicates and non-metallic elements such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicates with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice aluminijevih silikatov in vlaken, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali fina sintetična vlakna vseh vrst).Mixtures of aluminum silicates and fibers, such as aluminum silicate or mixtures of aluminum silicates with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or fine synthetic fibers of all kinds).
Mešanice alumi ni jevih silikatov in praškastih superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakrilati.Mixtures of alumina silicates and powdered superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Mešanice aluminijevega silikata in pirogenih kovinskih oksidov, kot na primer aluminijevega silikata ali mešanice aluminijevih silikatov s pirogenim aluminijevim oksidom, železovim oksidom ali titanovim dioksidom.Mixtures of aluminum silicate and pyrogenic metal oxides, such as aluminum silicate or a mixture of aluminum silicates with pyrogenic aluminum oxide, iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Kovinski oksidi (pirogeni ali obarjeni), kot na primer aluminijev oksid, železovi oksidi, titanov dioksid, cirkonijev dioksid.Metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored), such as aluminum oxide, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide.
Mešanice različnih kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih), kot na primer aluminijevega oksida z raznimi železovimi oksidi, aluminijevega oksida s titanovim dioksidom, titanovega dioksida z raznimi železovimi oksidi.Mixtures of various metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored), such as aluminum oxide with various iron oxides, aluminum oxide with titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide with various iron oxides.
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in mineralnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida s perliti, kaolinitom, montmoriIonitom, sljudo in/ali kalcijevim sulfatom (mavec).Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored) and mineral materials such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconium with perlite, kaolinite, montmorite, mica and / or calcium sulfate (gypsum).
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in mletih stekel ali steklastih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida s stekleno moko in/ali zelo fino stekleno volno.Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored) and ground glass or glassy materials such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconia with glass flour and / or very fine glass wool.
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in sintetičnih ali naravnih silikatnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida s silikatnimi materiali (kalcijev silikat, kizelgur, ekstrusil).Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored) and synthetic or natural silicate materials such as aluminum oxide, miscellaneous iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconia with silicate materials (calcium silicate, kieselguhr, extrusion).
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in sintetičnih odpadnih materialov, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida z lebdečim prahom, pepelom iz termoelektrarn, pepelom iz postrojev za sežiganje vseh vrst.Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or precipitated) and synthetic waste materials such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconia with floating dust, ash from thermal power plants, ash from all types of incinerators.
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in nekovinskih elementov, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida z žveplom in/ali mletim premogom.Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored) and non-metallic elements such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconia with sulfur and / or ground coal.
Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih) in vlaken, kot na primer aluminijevega oksida, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida z anorganskimi ali organskimi vlakni (celulozna volna ali fina sintetična vlakna vseh vrst).Mixtures of metal oxides (pyrogenic or dyed) and fibers, such as aluminum oxide, various iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconia with inorganic or organic fibers (cellulose wool or fine synthetic fibers of all kinds).
19Mešanice kovinskih oksidov (pirogenih ali obarjenih), kot na primer aluminijevih oksidov, raznih železovih oksidov, titanovega dioksida in/ali cirkonijevega dioksida in superabsorberjev, kot so na primer poliakri1 ati.19Mixes of metal oxides (pyrogenic or colored), such as aluminum oxides, miscellaneous iron oxides, titanium dioxide and / or zirconium dioxide and superabsorbers such as polyacrylates.
Kot obarjene silicijeve kisline se nadalje lahko uporabljajo tudi :The following may also be used as precipitated silicic acids:
HISIL T 600, HISIL T 690 firme PPG.HISIL T 600, HISIL T 690 by PPG.
Tixosil 333 firme Rhone - PoulencTixosil 333 by Rhone - Poulenc
Hoesch SM 614 firme AKZOHoesch SM 614 by AKZO
Zeothix 265 in Zeothix 177 firme HuberZeothix 265 and Zeothix 177 from Huber
Plašči iz dveh delov z asimetrično strukturo, uporabljeni glede na izum, imajo lahko v področju nekovinskega in koritastega (globoko izvlečenega) plašča prepustnost za vodno paro od 0,02 do 0,2g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi in prepustnost za pline 02, N2, C02 v skupnem seštevku od 0,05 doTwo-piece asymmetrical structure tires according to the invention can have a vapor permeability of 0.02 to 0.2g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85 in the region of non-metallic and deep (deep drawn) coatings % relative humidity and permeability to gases 0 2 , N 2 , C0 2 in the total of 0.05 to
0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar). Druga stran v področju ravnega pokrova, ki vsebuje kovino,pa ima prepustnost za vodno paro od 0 do 0,2g/(m2.d) pri 23’C in 85% relativni vlagi kot tudi prepustnost za pline O2, N2, C02 v skupnem seštevku od 0 do 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar) pri 23’C.0.5cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar). The other side in the area of the metal-containing flat cover, however, has a vapor permeability of 0 to 0.2g / (m 2 .d) at 23'C and 85% relative humidity as well as a permeability to O 2 , N 2 gases, C0 2 in the sum total from 0 to 0.5cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar) at 23'C.
Prepustnost za pline se meri tako, da notranji pritisk toplotno izolacijskega telesa na koncu svoje življenske dobe ne prekorači 20mbar.The gas permeability is measured so that the internal pressure of the thermal insulation body does not exceed 20mbar at the end of its service life.
Ker je prepustnost za pline glede na prepustnost za vodno paro nižja za faktor okoli 1000, potem je maksimalna življenska doba toplotno izolacijskega telesa dosežena, če polnilo ne more več vpijati vodne pare ali pa, če pri nadaljnem vpijanju vodne pare naglo raste toplotna prevodnost.Since the permeability to gases is lower by a factor of about 1000, relative to the permeability to water vapor, the maximum lifetime of the thermal insulation body is reached if the filler can no longer absorb the water vapor or if the thermal conductivity increases rapidly with the further absorption of the water vapor.
Prednostno, glede na izum, je plašč, ki ne vsebuje kovin, lahko večslojna folija, ki je lahko izdelana na naslednji način:Preferably, according to the invention, a metal-free sheath may be a multilayer film, which may be made as follows:
Večslojna folija je še posebej lahko izdelana na naslednji način (primer 1 ):In particular, multilayer foil can be made as follows (example 1):
LLDPE linearni polietilen debeline 65ym, 0,92g/cm3 specifične težeLLDPE linear polyethylene 65ym thick, 0.92g / cm 3 specific weight
PVDC polivi ni 1idenkiorid debeline 12pm, specifične teže 1,35g/cm3 PVDC irradiated 1idenchiorid 12pm thick, specific gravity 1.35g / cm 3
Prednostno, glede na izum, je del dvodelnega plašča, ki se uporablja kot pokrov in vsebuje kovino lahko večslojna folija, izdelana na naslednji način:Preferably, according to the invention, the part of the two-part coat that is used as the cover and contains the metal may be a multilayer film made as follows:
poli ester HV aluminijasta folija HV poli et i1 enpolyester HV aluminum foil HV poly et i1 en
Večslojna folija je še posebej lahko izdelana (glej H. Hinksen Sintetični materiali 77, 1987/5) na naslednji način (primer 2):The multilayer foil can especially be manufactured (see H. Hinksen Synthetic Materials 77, 1987/5) as follows (Example 2):
PETP polietilentereftalat debeline 12pm, specifične teže 1,37g/cm3 PETP polyethylene terephthalate 12pm thick, specific gravity 1.37g / cm 3
HV ojačitev oprijemljivosti debeline 5pm, specifične težeHV reinforcement of 5pm thickness, specific gravity
0,92g/cm3 0.92g / cm 3
Al-folija aluminijasta folija debeline 9pmAluminum foil 9pm thick aluminum foil
HV ojačitev oprijemljivosti debeline 5pm, specifične težeHV reinforcement of 5pm thickness, specific gravity
0,92g/cm3 0.92g / cm 3
PE polietilen debeline 75pm, specifične teže 0,92g/cm3 PE polyethylene 75pm thick, specific gravity 0.92g / cm 3
Primerni materiali za fazonske kose, glede na izum, so finoSuitable materials for fittings according to the invention are fine
22mleti praškasti oziroma vlaknasti materiali s kapaciteto vpijanja vode od 4 do 50 utežnih % pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi.22 ground powdered or fibrous materials with a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity.
Količina vode, ki jo fino mleti material ob uporabi v fazonskih kosih glede na izum sme vpiti, je praviloma manjša, kot njegova kapaciteta vpijanja vode. Mejna vrednost za dovoljeno vpijanje vode v toplotno izolacijskem telesu ustreza tisti količini vode, ki pri fazonskih kosih ne poveča toplotno prevodnost fazonskega kosa za več kot 25% glede na suhi fazonski kos. Za proizvodnjo suhega fazonskega kosa se uporablja fino mleti material, ki se suši po predpisih predvidenih v DIN 55 921. Ustrezna količina vode, ki jo toplotno izolacijsko telo sme vpiti, je prednostno med 2 in 15 utežnih % glede na suho polnilo.The amount of water that the finely ground material can absorb when used in fittings according to the invention is generally less than its water absorption capacity. The limit for the permissible absorption of water in a thermal insulation body corresponds to the amount of water which does not increase the thermal conductivity of the piece by more than 25% with respect to the dry piece. For the production of dry fittings, finely ground material is used, which is dried according to the requirements of DIN 55 921. The appropriate amount of water that the thermal insulating body is allowed to absorb is preferably between 2 and 15% by weight relative to the dry filler.
Toplotno izolacijska telesa glede na izum imajo v primerjavi s toplotno izolacijskimi telesi glede na stanje tehnike to prednost, da je z uporabo plaščne folije brez kovin ali plašča z asimetrično strukturo, toplotna prevodnost v predelu robov toplotno izolacijskega telesa tako nizka, da ima le neznaten vpliv na skupno toplotno prevodnost fazonskega kosa, ki znaša okoli 8mW/(m.K) (merjeno po absolutnem postopku s ploščo z zaščitnim obročem na toplotno izolacijskih materialih, izdelanih iz obarjene silicijeve kisline FK 500 LS).The thermal insulation bodies according to the invention have the advantage over thermal insulation bodies according to the state of the art that, by using a sheath without metal or a sheath with an asymmetrical structure, the thermal conductivity in the region of the edges of the thermal insulation body is so low that it has only a minor effect to a total thermal conductivity of a fittings of about 8mW / (mK) (measured by the absolute procedure using a plate with a protective ring on thermal insulation materials made from colored silica FK 500 LS).
Na ta način se na primer lahko iz toplotno izolacijskih teles, glede na izum, naredijo izolacijski sloji za izolacijo v hladilnih omarah in vitrinah za zmrzovanje.In this way, for example, insulation layers can be made from heat-insulating bodies according to the invention for insulation in refrigerated cabinets and freezers.
V naslednji tabeli so navedeni primeri za toplotno prevodnost toplotno izolacijskih teles narejenih iz plaščne folije, ki ne vsebuje kovin ali plašča z asimetrično strukturo. Toplotne prevodnosti se vedno merijo po absolutnem postopku s ploščo z zaščitnim obročem kot tudi po postopku tehnike merjenja brez zaščitnega obroča. V postopku brez zaščitnega obroča se toplotni tokovi, ki tečejo skozi plaščno folijo z ene strani ploščatega telesa k drugi strani, ne kompenzirajo. Tako se dobi vrednost skupne toplotne prevodnosti toplotno izolacijskega telesa (v odvisnosti od velikosti in geometrije fazonskega kosa).The following table gives examples of the thermal conductivity of heat-insulating bodies made of a sheath film that does not contain metals or a sheath with an asymmetric structure. The thermal conductivities are always measured by the absolute procedure with the plate with the protective ring as well as by the method of measurement without the protective ring. In a process without a protective ring, the heat fluxes flowing through the sheathing film from one side of the flat body to the other are not compensated. This gives the value of the total thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation body (depending on the size and geometry of the piece).
Pol ni 1 ο: Dimenzi j ePole 1 ο: Dimensions e
FK 500 LSFK 500 LS
250 mm X 250mm X 20mm250mm X 250mm X 20mm
Toplotna prevodnost različnih toplotno izolacijskih teles kot funkcija merilne metode (srednja temperatura: okoli 0°C)Thermal conductivity of different thermal insulation bodies as a function of the measurement method (mean temperature: about 0 ° C)
Za praškaste oziroma vlaknaste materiale uporabljene glede na izum so na primer značilne naslednje fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti, podane v tabelah 1, 2, 3 in 4:For example, the powder or fibrous materials used according to the invention are characterized by the following physicochemical properties given in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4:
(β(β
Φ (0Φ (0
AEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSILAEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSIL AEROSIL
-M ω-M ω
oo
AA
NN
O oO o
coco
A,A,
-26™-26 ™
Tabela 2Table 2
EXTRUSILEXTRUSIL
-271) po DIN 66 131-271) according to DIN 66 131
2) po DIN ISO 787/ΧΙ, JIS K 5101/78 (nepresejan)2) to DIN ISO 787 / ΧΙ, JIS K 5101/78 (not pressed)
3) po DIN ISO 787/11, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/213) according to DIN ISO 787/11, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21
4) po DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/234) according to DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23
5) po DIN ISO 787/ΙΧ, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/245) according to DIN ISO 787 / ΙΧ, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24
6) po DIN 53 601, ASTM D 24146) according to DIN 53 601, ASTM D 2414
7) po DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/207) according to DIN ISO 787 / XVIII, JIS K 5101/20
8) Coulter Counter, 100pm kapilare8) Coulter Counter, 100pm capillaries
10) nanaša se na substanco, sušeno 2 uri pri 105°C10) refers to a substance dried at 105 ° C for 2 hours
11) nanaša se na substanco, žarjeno 2 uri pri 1000°C11) refers to a substance annealed for 2 hours at 1000 ° C
Izguba pri sušenju (2h pri 105°C) ob odpremi odLoss on drying (2h at 105 ° C) at shipment from
) po DIN 66 131) according to DIN 66 131
2) po DIN ISO 787/ΧΙ, JIS K 5101/18 (nepresejan)2) to DIN ISO 787 / ΧΙ, JIS K 5101/18 (not pressed)
3) po DIN ISO 787/11, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/213) according to DIN ISO 787/11, ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/21
4) po DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/234) according to DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/23
5) po DIN ISO 787/ΙΧ, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/245) according to DIN ISO 787 / ΙΧ, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24
6) po DIN 53 601, ASTM D 24146) according to DIN 53 601, ASTM D 2414
7) po DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/207) according to DIN ISO 787 / XVIII, JIS K 5101/20
9) Coulter Counter, 50pm kapilare9) Coulter Counter, 50pm capillaries
10) nanaša se na substanco, sušeno 2 uri pri 105°C10) refers to a substance dried at 105 ° C for 2 hours
11) nanaša se na substanco, žarjeno 2 uri pri 1000°C11) refers to a substance annealed for 2 hours at 1000 ° C
ου γΗ ι α ·ηου γΗ ι α · η
Λ Ο ·Η ffi « PL ΕΗ Α ζ~>PL Ο · Η ffi «PL ΕΗ Α ζ ~>
ω ι—ιω ι — ι
HO CCJHO CCJ
6) obarjena silicijeva kislina6) Colored silica
7) gel silicija7) Silica gel
-30Sledijo primeri vpliva vsebnosti vode toplotno izolacijskega telesa na toplotno prevodnost. Meritve so izvajane po absolutnem postopku s ploščo z zaščitnim obročem po Kohlrauschu. (Hladna stran -20°C; topla stran +20°C).-30The following are examples of the influence of the water content of a thermal insulation body on thermal conductivity. The measurements were carried out according to the absolute procedure with a Kohlrausch plate. (Cold side -20 ° C; warm side + 20 ° C).
1. FK 500 LS1. FK 500 LS
Vpliv vsebnosti vlage na toplotno prevodnost.Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity.
Gostota prešanja: 200g/lPressing density: 200g / l
Vsebnost vlage nastavljena z mikrovalovi.Moisture content set by microwaves.
+ Vsebnost vlage v utežnih % glede na suho substanco ++ Notranji pritisk (pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem telesu), izmerjen po merjenju toplotne prevodnosti+ Moisture content by weight% by weight of dry substance ++ Internal pressure (pressure in thermal insulation body), measured after measuring thermal conductivity
Ti rezultati so grafično prikazani na sliki 1.These results are shown graphically in Figure 1.
-312. FK 500 LS-312. FK 500 LS
Vpliv vsebnosti vlage na toplotno prevodnost.Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity.
Gostota prešanja: 200g/lPressing density: 200g / l
Vsebnost vlage nastavljena s sušenjem v komori za sušenje z recirkulacijo zraka (105 - 110°C)Moisture content adjusted by drying in an air recirculation chamber (105 - 110 ° C)
+ Vsebnost vlage v utežnih % glede na suho substanco ++ Notranji pritisk (pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem telesu), izmerjen po merjenju toplotne prevodnosti+ Moisture content by weight% by weight of dry substance ++ Internal pressure (pressure in thermal insulation body), measured after measuring thermal conductivity
Ti rezultati so grafično prikazani na sliki 2.These results are shown graphically in Figure 2.
323. FK 320 DS323. FK 320 DS
Vpliv vsebnosti vlage na toplotno prevodnost.Influence of moisture content on thermal conductivity.
Gostota prešanja: 210g/lPressing density: 210g / l
Vsebnost vlage nastavljena s sušenjem v komori za sušenje z recirkulacijo zraka (105 - 110°C)Moisture content adjusted by drying in an air recirculation chamber (105 - 110 ° C)
+ Vsebnost vlage v utežnih % glede na suho substanco ++ Notranji pritisk (pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem telesu) izmerjen po merjenju toplotne prevodnosti+ Moisture content by weight% by weight of dry substance ++ Internal pressure (pressure in thermal insulation body) measured after measuring thermal conductivity
Ti rezultati so grafično prikazani na sliki 3.These results are shown graphically in Figure 3.
-33Zato, ker zaradi difundiranih plinov notranji pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem fazonskem kosu postopno raste (vsota prepustnosti folije plašča za pline leži med 0 in 0,5cm3/(m2.d.bar )), so podani primeri za vpliv pritiska v fazonskem kosu na toplotno prevodnost izolacijskega telesa.-33Because, because of the diffused gases, the internal pressure in the thermal insulation fittings gradually increases (the sum of the permeability of the gas jacket foil lies between 0 and 0.5 cm 3 / (m 2 .d.bar)), examples for the influence of the pressure in the fittings are given. piece on the thermal conductivity of the insulating body.
1. FK 500 LS1. FK 500 LS
Vpliv pritiska na toplotno prevodnostThe influence of pressure on thermal conductivity
Gostota prešanja: 200g/lPressing density: 200g / l
Rezultati so grafično prikazani na sliki 4.The results are shown graphically in Figure 4.
-342. FK 320 DS-342. FK 320 DS
Vpliv pritiska na toplotno prevodnost Gostota prešanja: 210g/lEffect of pressure on thermal conductivity Pressing density: 210g / l
Rezultati so grafično prikazani na sliki 4.The results are shown graphically in Figure 4.
-35Primeri za izračun življenske dobe toplotno izolacijskih teles.-35Examples for calculating the lifetime of thermal insulation bodies.
Iz grafičnega prikaza odvisnosti toplotne prevodnosti od vsebnosti vlage je možno za vsako polnilo določiti mejno vrednost vpijanja vode.From the graphical representation of the dependence of thermal conductivity on the moisture content, it is possible to determine the water absorption limit for each filler.
Toplotno izolacijsko telo s silicijevo kislino kot polnilom in vsebnostjo vode, ki ustreza mejni vrednosti, ima še vedno dobre toplotno izolacijske lastnosti. Pri povečani vsebnosti vlage se povečuje tako toplotna prevodnost, kot tudi notranji pritisk (pritisk v toplotno izolacijskem telesu). Posledica tega je postopno poslabševanj e izolacijskih lastnosti.A thermal insulation body with silicic acid as a filler and a water content corresponding to the limit value still has good thermal insulation properties. With increased moisture content, both thermal conductivity and internal pressure (pressure in the thermal insulation body) increase. This results in a gradual deterioration of the insulation properties.
Iz slik 1, 2 in 3 se lahko odčita vsebnosti vlage za silicijeve kisline FK 500 LS in FK 320 DS, katere so dovoljene, če naj se toplotna prevodnost toplotno izolacijskih materialov z vpijanjem vode poslabša za največ 25%. Pri tem se izhaja iz silicijevih kislin, ki so osušene po DIN 55 921.From Figures 1, 2 and 3, the moisture content of FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS silicic acids can be deduced, which are allowed if the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials is to be impaired by a maximum of 25% by water absorption. It is derived from silicic acids, which are dried according to DIN 55 921.
Rezult at i:Score at i:
FK 500 LS: mejna vrednost pri vsebnosti vlage 7%FK 500 LS: limit value for moisture content 7%
FK 320 DS: mejna vrednost pri vsebnosti vlage 6%FK 320 DS: 6% moisture limit
Ob poznanem doziranju silicijeve kisline in dimenzij toplotno izolacijskega telesa, se te mejne vrednosti (maksimalna dovoljena količina vode) izračunavajo po enačbi:Given the known dosage of silicic acid and the dimensions of the thermal insulation body, these limit values (maximum allowable amount of water) are calculated according to the formula:
36maks. količina vode (g) mejna vrednost (%)36max. quantity of water (g) limit value (%)
- x masa silicijeve- x mass of silicon
100 (%) kisline100 (%) acid
1. FK 500 LS, mejna vrednost vsebnosti vlage: 7%1. FK 500 LS, moisture content limit value: 7%
a) gostota prešanja: 180g/l (dimenzije 100cm xa) press density: 180g / l (dimensions 100cm x
50cm x 2cm) volumen: 101 masa silicijeve kisline: 1800g maksimalna količina vode: 126g50cm x 2cm) volume: 101 weight of silicic acid: 1800g maximum amount of water: 126g
b) gostota prešanja: 200g/l (dimenzije 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volumen: 101 masa silicijeve kisline: 2000g maksimalna količina vode: 140gb) pressing density: 200g / l (dimensions 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volume: 101 weight of silicic acid: 2000g maximum quantity of water: 140g
2. FK 320 DS, mejna vrednost vsebnosti vlage: 6%2. FK 320 DS, maximum moisture content: 6%
a) gostota prešanja: 200g/l (dimenzije 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volumen: 101 masa silicijeve kisline: 2000g maksimalna količina vode: 120ga) pressing density: 200g / l (dimensions 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volume: 101 weight of silicic acid: 2000g maximum quantity of water: 120g
b) gostota prešanja: 220g/l (dimenzije 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volumen: 101 masa silicijeve kisline: 2200g maksimalna količina vode: 132g ~3Ί~b) press density: 220g / l (dimensions 100cm x 50cm x 2cm) volume: 101 silicic acid mass: 2200g maximum water volume: 132g ~ 3Ί ~
S pomočjo naslednje enačbe se lahko, ob poznani prepustnosti za vodno paro neke folije, iz mejne vrednosti vsebnosti vlage oceni življenska doba toplotno izolacijskega telesa:With the help of the following equation, given the known water vapor permeability of a foil, the lifetime of the thermal insulation body can be estimated from the moisture content limit:
mejna vrednost (maksimalna količina vode) ž i v1 j enska doba« površina izmenjave x prepustnost za vodno parolimit value (maximum amount of water) female and female age «exchange surface x water vapor permeability
Enote:Units:
Mejna vrednost (maksimalna količina vode): (g)Limit value (maximum amount of water): (g)
Površina izmenjave: (m2) pExchange area: (m 2 ) p
Prepustnost za vodno paro: (g/(m .d)) živi jenska doba (d)Water vapor permeability: (g / (m. D)) Yen age (d)
Za neko folijo uporabljeno kot plašč, katere prepustnost za vodno paro je 0,05g/(m2.d) pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi, se lahko na primer za neko toplotno izolacijsko telo narejeno z uporabo FK 500 LS, izračuna naslednja življenska doba:For a foil used as a sheath whose water vapor permeability is 0.05g / (m 2 .d) at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity, for example, a thermal insulation body made using FK 500 LS can be calculated the following life span:
polnilo:filler:
gostota prešanja:press density:
dimenzi je:dimensions:
mejna vrednost (vsebnost vlage) maksimalna količina vode: površina izmenjave: prepustnost za vodno paro:limit value (moisture content) maximum amount of water: exchange surface: water vapor permeability:
126g.m2.d življenska doba = FK 500 LS126g.m 2 .d lifetime = FK 500 LS
180g/l180g / l
100cm x 50cm x 2cm 7 utežnih % (=126g) 126g100cm x 50cm x 2cm 7% by weight (= 126g) 126g
1,06m2 1.06m 2
0,05g/(m2.d)0,05g / (m 2 .d)
2377d = 6,5a2377d = 6.5a
1,06m2.0,05g pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi1.06m 2 .0.05g at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity
V naslednjih tabelah so podani primeri kakšne živi jenske dobe je možno doseči s folijami brez kovine in prekrivnih poznanih folij, ki vsebujejo kovino (z nizko prepustnostjo za vodno paro) za toplotno izolacijska telesa narejena iz obarjenih silicijevih kislin FK 500 LS in FK 320 DS.The following tables give examples of what life-time can be achieved with metal-free films and known metal-containing (low water vapor permeability) films for thermal insulation bodies made of precipitated silicic acids FK 500 LS and FK 320 DS.
Ti izračuni veljajo najprej za toplotno izolacijsko telo z asimetrično izdelano strukturo plašča. Ob uporabi ravne prekrivne folije, ki vsebuje kovino, se dobijo naslednji rezult at i:These calculations apply first to a thermal insulation body with an asymmetrically constructed mantle structure. Using a flat metal-coated film, the following result is obtained:
Maksimalna količina vode: 126gMaximum amount of water: 126g
Površina izmenjave:Exchange area:
korito: ~ 0,56m2 ntrough: ~ 0.56m 2 n
prekrivna folija: ~ 0,50rrrcover film: ~ 0.50rrr
Prepustnost za vodno paro:Water vapor permeability:
korito: 0,05g/(m2.d) prekrivna folija: 0g/(m2.d)sink: 0,05g / (m 2 .d) cover film: 0g / (m 2 .d)
126g.m2.d126g.m 2 .d
0,56m2.0,05g+0,5m2.Og živi jenska doba = = 4500d = 12,5a živi jenska doba toplotno izolacijskega telesa v odvisnosti od prepustnosti za vodno paro0.56m 2 .0.05g + 0.5m 2 .Og live yen age = = 4500d = 12.5a live yen age of thermal insulation body depending on water vapor permeability
OOh
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+)izmerjeno pri 23°C in 85% relativni vlagi zraka+) measured at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity
Življenska doba toplotno izolacijskega telesa v odvisnosti od prepustnosti za vodno paroThe life of the thermal insulation body depending on the water vapor permeability
OOh
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mm
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4019870A DE4019870A1 (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1990-06-22 | VACUUM INSULATION PANEL WITH ASYMMETRIC CONSTRUCTION |
| YU58591A YU47395B (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1991-04-02 | SAFETY PIECE, PRIMARY IN THE FORM OF A PLATE, FOR APPLICATION AS A THERMAL INSULATOR |
| SG28294A SG28294G (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1994-02-22 | Asymmetrical evacuated insulating panel. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI9110585A true SI9110585A (en) | 1997-10-31 |
| SI9110585B SI9110585B (en) | 1998-10-31 |
Family
ID=25894354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI9110585A SI9110585B (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1991-04-02 | Vacuum insulation panel with asymetric structure |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP0463311B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2599515B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE94602T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4019870A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0463311T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2044642T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK95694A (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP920665B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU214844B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT98038B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG28294G (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9110585B (en) |
| TR (1) | TR25532A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5327703A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-07-12 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum panel assembly method |
| DE4324996C1 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-10-06 | Degussa | Foamfree insulation for refrigerators |
| DE4407026A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-07 | Heraeus Industrietechnik Gmbh | Thermal insulation, method of thermal insulation, thermally insulating housing and its use |
| DE4443082A1 (en) * | 1994-12-03 | 1996-06-05 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Insulating pouch |
| HRP970104A2 (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1998-02-28 | Bayer Ag | Vacuum insulating panels wraped on both sides by a foil containing metal or by a metal covering layer |
| DE19758219A1 (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-07-01 | Uvt Umwelt Und Verfahrens Tech | Vacuum insulation panel for domestic refrigerator |
| DE19915311A1 (en) * | 1999-04-03 | 2000-10-05 | Bayer Ag | Vacuum insulating panel, especially for refrigerators, has a microporous core encased in a 7-layer plastic foil with a polyolefin sealing layer, a gas barrier, a polyolefin layer and a metallised polymer layer |
| DE19923057A1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-23 | Schueco Int Kg | Heat insulating panel for windows, doors and building faces houses in its interior at least one insulating unit in a metal-coated metal cover whose interior is subjected to vacuum before its closure by welding |
| DE19928011A1 (en) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-21 | Porextherm Daemmstoffe Gmbh | Insulating board, especially for the low temperature range, e.g. in refrigeration plant, refrigerators and refrigerated technical equipment, preferably based on metal oxide powder, contains desiccant |
| DE10058566C2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-10-31 | Va Q Tec Ag | Foil-wrapped, evacuated thermal insulation body and manufacturing process for it |
| DE10125964A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-12 | Oesterr Heraklith Gmbh | moldings |
| DE10308581A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-16 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Thermal insulation for underwater components for oil and gas production |
| ES2424219T3 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2013-09-30 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | A thermal insulation material comprising precipitated silica |
| DE102010029513A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-02-24 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Insulation with layer structure |
| AT511686A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-15 | Schoby Michael | ASH-INSULATION PANEL |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2745173A (en) * | 1951-07-14 | 1956-05-15 | Gen Electric | Method of thermal insulation |
| BE639626A (en) * | 1963-05-06 | |||
| GB1268626A (en) * | 1968-07-10 | 1972-03-29 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Improvements in and relating to thermal insulation elements |
| US3790243A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-02-05 | Beverage Air Sales Co | Closure for refrigerated housing |
| FR2360536A1 (en) * | 1976-08-05 | 1978-03-03 | Air Liquide | LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIBILITY INSULATION MATERIAL CONSTITUTES A COMPACT GRANULAR STRUCTURE |
| DE2911416A1 (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-09-25 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh | ELEMENT FOR HEAT INSULATION |
| US4284674A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-08-18 | American Can Company | Thermal insulation |
| DE3033515A1 (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1982-04-29 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | THERMAL INSULATION PLATE |
| US4444821A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-04-24 | General Electric Company | Vacuum thermal insulation panel |
| EP0114687B1 (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1987-05-06 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG | Heat insulation slab with an envelope and highly dispersed particulate heat insulation material compressed in the envelope, method of manufacturing it and device for carrying out the method |
| JPS6071881A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-23 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Heat-insulating structure |
| DE3418637A1 (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-11-21 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | THERMAL INSULATION BODY WITH COVER |
| JPS61101789A (en) * | 1984-10-23 | 1986-05-20 | 松下冷機株式会社 | Heat-insulating material pack and manufacture thereof |
| US4636415A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1987-01-13 | General Electric Company | Precipitated silica insulation |
| US4681788A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-07-21 | General Electric Company | Insulation formed of precipitated silica and fly ash |
| JPS6343669A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-02-24 | 帝人株式会社 | Production of blood treatment device |
| US4726974A (en) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-02-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Vacuum insulation panel |
| DE3737459A1 (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-05-18 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | THERMAL INSULATION BODY WITH COATING BASED ON COMPRESSED, MICROPOROUS HEAT INSULATION |
| DE3816979A1 (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1989-11-30 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | THERMAL INSULATION BODIES BASED ON COMPRESSED, MICROPOROUS HEAT INSULATION WITH A COVER BASED ON METALS |
| DE3828669A1 (en) * | 1988-08-24 | 1990-03-08 | Degussa | FORMKOERPER FOR HEAT INSULATION |
| DE3915170A1 (en) * | 1989-05-10 | 1990-11-15 | Degussa | FORMKOERPER FOR HEAT INSULATION |
| JPH03246265A (en) * | 1990-02-22 | 1991-11-01 | Kao Corp | Production of fatty acid amide |
| HU213940B (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1997-11-28 | Procter & Gamble | Poly(hydroxy-alkyl) fatty acid amide surfactants in bleach-containing detergent compositions |
| CZ283033B6 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1997-12-17 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Detergent composition activated by zeolite and/or laminated silicate |
-
1990
- 1990-06-22 DE DE4019870A patent/DE4019870A1/en not_active Ceased
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1991
- 1991-04-02 SI SI9110585A patent/SI9110585B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-17 ES ES91106109T patent/ES2044642T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-17 EP EP91106109A patent/EP0463311B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-17 DE DE91106109T patent/DE59100376D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-17 DK DK91106109.1T patent/DK0463311T3/en active
- 1991-04-17 AT AT91106109T patent/ATE94602T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-18 TR TR91/0694A patent/TR25532A/en unknown
- 1991-06-20 PT PT98038A patent/PT98038B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-21 HU HU912088A patent/HU214844B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-21 JP JP3149059A patent/JP2599515B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1992-09-30 HR HRP-585/91A patent/HRP920665B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0463311A1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| HU214844B (en) | 1998-06-29 |
| HK95694A (en) | 1994-09-16 |
| HU912088D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| DK0463311T3 (en) | 1993-10-18 |
| TR25532A (en) | 1993-05-01 |
| JPH04231795A (en) | 1992-08-20 |
| PT98038A (en) | 1993-08-31 |
| DE4019870A1 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| HRP920665A2 (en) | 1994-10-31 |
| SI9110585B (en) | 1998-10-31 |
| SG28294G (en) | 1994-06-10 |
| DE59100376D1 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
| PT98038B (en) | 1998-12-31 |
| ES2044642T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| EP0463311B1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| JP2599515B2 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| ATE94602T1 (en) | 1993-10-15 |
| HUT62074A (en) | 1993-03-29 |
| HRP920665B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
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