RU2083179C1 - Stereotaxic apparatus for locating and making bony canals during plastic operations on cruciform ligaments of knee joint - Google Patents

Stereotaxic apparatus for locating and making bony canals during plastic operations on cruciform ligaments of knee joint Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2083179C1
RU2083179C1 RU94025642A RU94025642A RU2083179C1 RU 2083179 C1 RU2083179 C1 RU 2083179C1 RU 94025642 A RU94025642 A RU 94025642A RU 94025642 A RU94025642 A RU 94025642A RU 2083179 C1 RU2083179 C1 RU 2083179C1
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knee joint
hook
movable
guide head
tabs
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RU94025642A
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Russian (ru)
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RU94025642A (en
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Михаил Петрович Лисицын
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Михаил Петрович Лисицын
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Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering; treatment of anterior and posterior instability of knee joint. SUBSTANCE: proposed apparatus comprises graduated clamp having toothed portion and carrying, mounted on it, movable and stationary guide heads. Movable guide head is provided with trochar having, at one its end, movable hook and tabs and, at its other end, drive for setting hook and tabs into motion. Apparatus also comprises bone fixation mechanism made in form of positioning blocks, and driving mechanism made in form of toothed gear wheel engageable with toothed portion of graduated clamp. Apparatus is fixed on codyles of femur or tibia. Trochar is introduced into knee through standard access port and secured therein to anatomic members by means of hook and tabs. Stationary guide head is used for forming bony canal terminating at predetermined point, this operation being based on stereotaxic effect. EFFECT: effective aid for treatment of knee joint. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к медицине, а именно к травматологии и ортопедии, и может быть использовано для выполнения костных каналов при лечении передней и задней нестабильности коленного сустава путем хирургического замещения поврежденных крестообразных связок трансплантатом как артроскопической методикой, так и при артротомии. The invention relates to medicine, namely to traumatology and orthopedics, and can be used to perform bone canals in the treatment of anterior and posterior instability of the knee joint by surgical replacement of damaged cruciate ligaments with a graft as an arthroscopic technique or with arthrotomy.

Известно устройство для определения и выполнения костных каналов при пластине крестообразных связок коленного сустава, которое является наиболее близким аналогом. A device for determining and performing bone canals with a plate of cruciate ligaments of the knee joint, which is the closest analogue.

Технический результат изобретения заключается в обеспечении точного направления выполнения костного канала. The technical result of the invention is to provide an accurate direction of the bone channel.

На фиг. 1 представлен общий вид устройства, на фиг. 2 разрез А-А на фиг. 1. In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. one.

Устройство содержит градуированную скобу 1 с закрепленным на ней зубчатым сектором 2; установленную на одном конце скобы 1 неподвижную направляющую головку 3 с отверстием 4 и гайкой крепления 5; установленную на скобе 1 с возможностью по ней перемещения и фиксации подвижную направляющую головку 6 с механизмом перемещения, состоящим из зубчатого сектора 2 и взаимодействующего с ним зубчатого колеса 7. Колесо 7 приводится во вращение ручным способом посредством маховика 8. Механизм фиксации головки 6 состоит из стопорного винта 9, воздействующего на сухари 10, которые в свою очередь взаимодействуют с зубчатым сектором 2. Подвижная направляющая головка 6 снабжена съемным троакаром 11, состоящим из установленных на одном его конце крючка 12 и лепестков 13, а на другом конце привода 14 крючка 12 и привода 15 лепестков 13. The device comprises a graduated bracket 1 with a fixed toothed sector 2; fixed at one end of the bracket 1 fixed guide head 3 with a hole 4 and a mounting nut 5; mounted on the bracket 1 with the possibility of moving and fixing on it a movable guide head 6 with a movement mechanism consisting of a gear sector 2 and a gear wheel 7 interacting with it. The wheel 7 is manually rotated by means of a flywheel 8. The fixing mechanism of the head 6 consists of a locking screw 9, acting on the crackers 10, which in turn interact with the gear sector 2. The movable guide head 6 is equipped with a removable trocar 11, consisting of a hook 1 mounted on one end thereof 2 and the petals 13, and at the other end of the actuator 14 of the hook 12 and the actuator 15 of the petals 13.

Устройство применяют следующим образом. После ориентировочного атроскопического или визуального определения анатомических точек прикрепления поврежденных крестообразных связок в полости коленного сустава устройство укрепляется наружно на мыщелках бедра или большеберцовой кости следующим образом. В полость коленного сустава через стандартный доступ вводится троакар 11, который устанавливается в ранее ориентировочно определенную точку выхода костного канала. Затем посредством привода 14 и привода 15 крючок 12 и лепестки 13 приводят в движение таким образом, чтобы ими упереться в анатомические образования большеберцовой кости или межмыщелковой вырезки бедра. При этом определяется окончательное место расположения точки выхода костного канала. Одновременно дистальная часть троакара и лепестки защищают внутрисуставные структуры от травмирующего действия спицы и сверла. Перемещая дугу 1 относительно подвижной направляющей головки 6 и вращая ее относительно продольной оси симметрии троакара 11, выбирают необходимый угол направления костного канала, который определяется направлением продольной оси симметрии введенного направителя спицы в отверстие 4 неподвижной направляющей головки 3. Закрепляют узлы устройства от их смещения посредством стопорного винта 9 механизма фиксации. В таком закрепленном состоянии создается стереотаксическая система, позволяющая спице выйти через костную ткань в строго заданной точке коленного сустава. В отверстие 4 головки 3 вводят одну из известных и широко применяемых в здравоохранении спиц и закрепляют ее гайкой крепления 5. Диаметр спицы подбирают, исходя из необходимых условий. Производится сверление спицей мыщелков бедра или большеберцовой кости до момента выхода ее конца в полость сустава. Далее введенными по спице канулированными перистыми сверлами выполняются костные каналы того или иного диаметра в зависимости от диаметра взятого трансплантата. Поскольку ранее определенная и зафиксированная концом троакара 11 точка анатомического прикрепления крестообразной связки является центром окружности дуги 1, на которой в свою очередь крепится неподвижная направляющая головка, то этим и гарантируется попадание в нее выхода выполняемого косного канала. Костный канал очищают от мягких тканей, закругляют его края. После завершения данных операций устройство снимают. The device is used as follows. After an indicative atroscopic or visual determination of the anatomical attachment points of the damaged cruciate ligaments in the cavity of the knee joint, the device is fixed externally on the condyles of the thigh or tibia as follows. A trocar 11 is inserted into the cavity of the knee joint through standard access, which is installed at a previously approximately determined exit point of the bone canal. Then, through the actuator 14 and the actuator 15, the hook 12 and the petals 13 are set in motion so that they abut against the anatomical formations of the tibia or intercondylar notch of the thigh. In this case, the final location of the exit point of the bone canal is determined. At the same time, the distal part of the trocar and the petals protect the intraarticular structures from the traumatic action of the spokes and drills. Moving the arc 1 relative to the movable guide head 6 and rotating it relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the trocar 11, select the desired angle of direction of the bone channel, which is determined by the direction of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the introduced needle guide into the hole 4 of the fixed guide head 3. Fix the nodes of the device from displacement by means of a locking screw 9 of the locking mechanism. In such a fixed state, a stereotactic system is created that allows the spoke to exit through the bone tissue at a strictly defined point on the knee joint. In the hole 4 of the head 3, one of the spokes known and widely used in healthcare is introduced and fixed with a fastening nut 5. The diameter of the spokes is selected based on the necessary conditions. The condyles of the condyles of the thigh or tibia are drilled until its end enters the joint cavity. Then, cannulated feathery drills introduced through the spoke, bone channels of one diameter or another are made, depending on the diameter of the graft taken. Since the point of anatomical attachment of the cruciate ligament previously determined and fixed by the end of trocar 11 is the center of the circle of arc 1, on which, in turn, the fixed guide head is mounted, this ensures that the output of the oblique channel runs into it. The bone canal is cleaned of soft tissues, round off its edges. After completion of these operations, the device is removed.

Таким образом, устройство решает поставленную задачу, позволяя индивидуально точно и одновременно стандартно определять и выполнять костные каналы в мыщелках бедренной и большеберцовой костей с точным попаданием в ранее фиксированную точку для пластики крестообразных связок коленного сустава, расширить функциональные возможности известного устройства и в то же время оно надежно и удобно в работе. Thus, the device solves the problem, allowing individually accurately and at the same time standard to determine and perform bone canals in the condyles of the femur and tibia with the exact hit in a previously fixed point for plastic cruciate ligaments of the knee joint, to expand the functionality of the known device and at the same time it reliable and convenient to use.

Claims (2)

1. Стереотаксическое устройство для определения и выполнения костных каналов при пластике крестообразных связок коленного сустава, содержащее градуированную скобу с зубчатым сектором, установленные на скобе неподвижную направляющую головку с отверстием и с гайкой крепления, и с возможностью перемещения и фиксации посредством механизма фиксации и механизма перемещения подвижную направляющую головку с крючком, при этом механизм фиксации выполнен в виде стопорного винта, установленного в подвижной направляющей головке, отличающееся тем, что устройство снабжено размещенным в подвижной направляющей головке съемным троакаром, крючок размещен на рабочем конце троакара, последний выполнен на рабочем конце с раздвижными лепестками, а на крепежном конце с приводами крючка и лепестков, механизм фиксации выполнен с подвижными сухарями, контактирующими со стопорным винтом. 1. A stereotactic device for determining and performing bone canals during plastic surgery of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint, comprising a graduated bracket with a gear sector, a fixed guide head mounted on a bracket with a hole and a fastening nut, and with the possibility of movement and fixation by means of a locking mechanism and a movable moving mechanism guide head with a hook, while the locking mechanism is made in the form of a locking screw mounted in a movable guide head, characterized by m, that the device is equipped with a removable trocar located in the movable guide head, the hook is placed on the working end of the trocar, the last is made on the working end with sliding petals, and on the fastening end with the hook and petal drives, the locking mechanism is made with movable crackers in contact with the locking screw . 2. Устройство по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что механизм перемещения выполнен в виде зубчатого колеса, взаимодействующего с зубчатым сектором. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the movement mechanism is made in the form of a gear wheel interacting with the gear sector.
RU94025642A 1994-07-08 1994-07-08 Stereotaxic apparatus for locating and making bony canals during plastic operations on cruciform ligaments of knee joint RU2083179C1 (en)

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