NO128386B - - Google Patents
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- NO128386B NO128386B NO02173/70A NO217370A NO128386B NO 128386 B NO128386 B NO 128386B NO 02173/70 A NO02173/70 A NO 02173/70A NO 217370 A NO217370 A NO 217370A NO 128386 B NO128386 B NO 128386B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- resin
- ethyl
- hydroxy
- process according
- Prior art date
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alkyl hydroxy alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001761 ethyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001652591 Feniseca tarquinius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QHDCFDQKXQIXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O QHDCFDQKXQIXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til behandling av cellulose- og tremasser for å unngå klebende harpiks. Process for treating cellulosic and wood pulps to avoid sticky resin.
Ved fremstilling eller behandling av When manufacturing or processing
cellulose- og tremasser oppstår det ofte driftsforstyrrelser på grunn av tilstede-værelse av klebende harpiks. Vanskelighetene blir naturligvis størst ved behandling av slipemasser, spesielt hvis fersk ved anvendes for fremstillingen. Hva særskilt furuved angår, har denne på grunn av sitt store harpiksinnhold, ca. 3 %, stor sett bare kunnet bli anvendt for sulfatmasse, i hvil-ken harpiksen som regel opptrer i en ufar-lig form. cellulose and wood pulps, operational disturbances often occur due to the presence of adhesive resin. The difficulties are of course greatest when processing grinding compounds, especially if fresh wood is used for production. As far as pine wood is concerned, due to its high resin content, approx. 3%, could largely only be used for sulphate pulp, in which the resin usually appears in a harmless form.
Det er tidligere blitt gjort forsøk på å Attempts have previously been made to
minske vanskelighetene med klebende harpiks ved behandling av massesuspensjoner. Eksempelvis er det blitt tilsatt forskjellige overflateaktige stoffer i slik mengde, at harpiksartiklene for en stor del ble frigjort fra fibrene og dispergert i suspensjonens vannfase. Metoden har dog ikke gitt sitt ønskede resultat. I henhold til en annen, senere fremkommen metode tilsettes kati-onaktive, overflateaktige stoffer til massesuspensjoner i så begrensede mengder at det i stedet inntrer en fiksering av har-pikspartiklene til fibrene. Ved den sist-nevnte metode, som medførte et vesentlig teknisk fremskritt, ble klebharpiksproble-met i stor utstrekning eliminert, og bare for en del mere besværlige slipemassers vedkommende har resultatet i blant vært mindre godt. reduce the difficulties of adhesive resin in the treatment of pulp suspensions. For example, various surface-like substances have been added in such quantity that the resin articles were largely released from the fibers and dispersed in the water phase of the suspension. However, the method has not produced the desired result. According to another, later developed method, cation-active, surface-like substances are added to pulp suspensions in such limited quantities that a fixation of the resin particles to the fibers occurs instead. With the last-mentioned method, which entailed a significant technical advance, the adhesive resin problem was largely eliminated, and only in the case of a number of more difficult abrasive compounds, the result has sometimes been less good.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen har det nå vist seg at slike cellulosederivater, som er oppløse-lige i vann, nøytrale, svakt sure eller svakt basiske vannoppløsninger, også har den According to the invention, it has now been shown that such cellulose derivatives, which are soluble in water, neutral, weakly acidic or weakly basic water solutions, also have the
egenskap at de ved tilsetning til massesus- property that when added to mass su-
pensjoner effektivt hindrer harpiksavset-ninger. Tilsetningen skjer da før de stadier av fremstillingsprosessen der harpiksvan-skeligheter fremfor alt kan tenkes å opp-stå, dvs. før en første siling eller avvan-ning. De anvendte tilsetningsmengder bør pensions effectively prevent resin deposits. The addition then takes place before the stages of the manufacturing process where resin difficulties are most likely to arise, i.e. before a first screening or dewatering. The additive amounts used should
på grunn av risikoen for skumning ikke overstige 5 kg pr. tonn tørr masse, og som due to the risk of foaming, do not exceed 5 kg per tons of dry pulp, and which
regel fåes gode resultater allerede med 1 kg pr. tonn tørr masse eller ennå mindre as a rule, good results are already obtained with 1 kg per tonnes of dry pulp or even less
tilsetninger. Den mest overraskende virkning av denne nye fremgangsmåten er at harpiksvanskelighetene synes å bli helt eliminert, endog ved slipemassefremstilling av slike klebeharpiksrike materialer, som fersk furuved. additions. The most surprising effect of this new method is that the resin difficulties seem to be completely eliminated, even in the production of abrasives from such adhesive resin-rich materials as fresh pine wood.
En del av de nevnte cellulosederivater har en viss, skjønt mindre fremtredende overflateaktiv virkning, men denne egenskap er av mindre betydning i denne for-bindelse, ettersom også cellulosederivat Some of the aforementioned cellulose derivatives have a certain, albeit less prominent, surface-active effect, but this property is of less importance in this connection, as cellulose derivatives are also
med neppe påvisbar overflateaktiv virkning with barely detectable surfactant effect
medfører en betydelig effekt ved tilsetning causes a significant effect when added
ifølge oppfinnelsen. Den sannsynligste år-sak til det oppnådde resultat skulle i stedet være at cellulosederivatene ved å adsorbe-res på massens fibre resp. fiberknipper be-skytter den underliggende harpiks mot å rives løs og suspenderes. Eventuelt klebende harpiks, som tross denne beskyttelses-virkning er blitt suspendert i væsken, hin-dres i å koagulere og danne klumper ved at samtlige overflater, nemlig såvel har-pikspartiklenes som cellulosefibrenes og de omgivende beholderes og eventuelle bear-beidingsorganers overflater, blir belagt med et adsorbert lag av det eller de tilsatte according to the invention. The most likely reason for the achieved result should instead be that the cellulose derivatives by being adsorbed on the fibers of the pulp or fiber bundles protect the underlying resin from being torn loose and suspended. Any sticky resin, which despite this protective effect has been suspended in the liquid, is prevented from coagulating and forming lumps by all surfaces, namely the surfaces of the resin particles as well as the cellulose fibers and the surrounding containers and any processing devices, being coated with an adsorbed layer of the additive(s).
cellulosederivater. For å oppnå en tilfreds-stillende beskyttelse mot klebeharpiks kre-ves det som nevnt bare meget små tilsetninger. cellulose derivatives. In order to achieve satisfactory protection against adhesive resin, as mentioned, only very small additions are required.
Det er tidligere kjent å tilsette forskjellige opplø^lige cellulosederivater ved papirfremstilling i den hensikt å oppnå visse forbedrede male- eller styrkeegen-skaper. De anvendte mengder var imidler-tid da mangedobbelt større enn i forelig-gende tilfelle, og dessuten fant tilsettingen sted på et betydelig senere stadium, dvs. enten i samband med en siste maling i pa-pirfabrikken eller eventuelt først ved lim-ingen. It is previously known to add various soluble cellulose derivatives during paper production with the aim of achieving certain improved grinding or strength properties. The quantities used were, however, many times greater than in the present case, and moreover the addition took place at a considerably later stage, i.e. either in connection with a final painting in the paper mill or possibly only at the time of gluing.
Ved fremstilling av sulfitt- sulfat- og halvkjemisk masse tilsettes cellulosederivatene før siler eller avvannere, som van-ligvis er i høy grad utsatt for igjenstopping på grunn av klebende harpiks. Ved fremstilling av slipemasse skjer tilsettingen hensiktsmessig direkte ved slipestolene eller før den første avvanningen. In the production of sulphite-sulphate and semi-chemical pulp, the cellulose derivatives are added before sieves or dewaterers, which are usually highly susceptible to clogging due to adhesive resin. In the production of abrasive compound, the addition takes place conveniently directly at the sanding chairs or before the first dewatering.
Som eksempel på cellulosederivater, som er oppløselige i vann eller svakt sure, nøytrale eller svakt alkaliske vannoppløs-ninger og som altså er anvendbare i henhold til oppfinnelsen, kan nevnes følgende: Cellulosederivater, i hvilke cellulose molekylet inngår i en anion. 1) Celluloseestere, som eksempelvis natriumsaltet av svovelsyrens harv-ester med cellulose, dvs. såkalt cellu-losesulfat; 2) Cellulosekarboksyalkylestere, eksempelvis karbosymetylcellulosens na-triumsalt; B. Cellulosederivater, i hvilke cellulosemolekylet ikke er ladet. 1) Cellulosealkyletere, eksempelvis etylcellulose og metylcellulose; 2) Cellulosehydroksyalkyletere, eksempelvis hydroksyetylcellulose; 3) Cellulosealkylhydroksyalkyletere, eksempelvis etylhydroksyetylcellulose; C. Cellulosederivater, i hvilke cellulosemolekylet inneholder en substituent eller substituenter av basisk karakter, som eksempelvis aminoetylcellulose. D. Cellulosederivater, i hvilke cellulosemolekylet er amfotert ved at det inneholder såvel sure som basiske substi-tituenter, som eksempelvis dietylami-no-etyl-karboksymetylcellulose. As examples of cellulose derivatives, which are soluble in water or weakly acidic, neutral or weakly alkaline water solutions and which are therefore usable according to the invention, the following can be mentioned: Cellulose derivatives, in which cellulose the molecule is part of an anion. 1) Cellulose esters, such as, for example, the sodium salt of sulfuric acid's harv ester with cellulose, i.e. so-called cellulose sulphate; 2) Cellulose carboxyalkyl esters, for example the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose; B. Cellulose derivatives, in which the cellulose molecule is not charged. 1) Cellulose alkyl ethers, for example ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose; 2) Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ethers, for example hydroxyethyl cellulose; 3) Cellulose alkyl hydroxy alkyl ethers, for example ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose; C. Cellulose derivatives, in which the cellulose molecule contains a substituent or substituents of a basic character, such as, for example, aminoethyl cellulose. D. Cellulose derivatives, in which the cellulose molecule is amphoteric in that it contains both acidic and basic substituents, such as diethylamino-ethyl-carboxymethyl cellulose.
Ovennevnte cellulosederivater kan ha forskjellige egenskaper som beror dels på valget av cellulose, dels på variasjoner i cellulosens behandling under fremstillingsprosessen og dels på forskjeller i substi-tusjonsgrad. I mange tilfeller har det vist seg, at preparater som gir den høyeste vis-kositet hos en vannoppløsning av et visst innhold også har den største innvirkning på harpiksen. Som det nærmere skal be-skrives i det følgende, er utmerkete resultater blitt oppnådd med de under punkt B ovenfor angitte cellulosederivater. Av særskilt interesse turde også de under punkt C overfor angitte forbindelser være, da de er av kationaktiv karakter og derfor kan antas å absorberes særlig kraftig på de negativt ledede harpikspartikler. The above-mentioned cellulose derivatives can have different properties which depend partly on the choice of cellulose, partly on variations in the cellulose's treatment during the manufacturing process and partly on differences in the degree of substitution. In many cases, it has been shown that preparations which give the highest viscosity in a water solution of a certain content also have the greatest impact on the resin. As will be described in more detail below, excellent results have been obtained with the cellulose derivatives indicated under point B above. Of particular interest should also be the compounds listed under point C opposite, as they are of a cationically active nature and can therefore be assumed to be absorbed particularly strongly on the negatively conducted resin particles.
For å påvise de forskjellige preparaters virkning er forsøk blitt gjort dels i full skala og dels i laboratorieskala. Ved labora-torieforsøkene anvendtes en ca. 4 %'s mas-sesuspensjon, hvis pH ble innstilt på i nær-heten av 6. Suspensjonen ble utsatt for en kraftig bearbeidelse med en kopperpropel-ler, som roterte med 1000 omdr./min. i et 5-liter glassbeger. I dette ble det samtidig ført ned to vertikale, radielt stillede skiver av rustfritt blikk kledd med tynn ullfilt. Etter hvert forsøk bestemtes de på kopper-propellene og på filterne avsatte harpiks-mengder ved ekstraksjon, inndampning og veiing. In order to demonstrate the effect of the various preparations, experiments have been carried out partly on a full scale and partly on a laboratory scale. In the laboratory tests, an approx. 4% mass suspension, the pH of which was adjusted to near 6. The suspension was subjected to vigorous processing with a copper propeller rotating at 1000 rpm. in a 5-liter glass beaker. In this, two vertical, radially arranged discs of stainless steel covered with thin wool felt were simultaneously lowered. After each experiment, the amounts of resin deposited on the copper propellers and on the filters were determined by extraction, evaporation and weighing.
De største harpiksvanskelighetene turde være å finne ved behandling av slip-masse fra furu, særlig sådan som har et høyt innhold av kjerneved. De nedenfor anførte utførelseseksempler viser de resultater, som er oppnådd ved tilsetning av forskjellige cellulosederivater til en har-piksrik furuslipemasse. Harpiksavsetting-ene på propeller og filt er angitt i prosent av verdiene for tilsvarende blindprøver, dvs. tilsvarende forsøk uten tilsetninger. The biggest resin difficulties were to be found when processing slip pulp from pine, especially that which has a high content of heartwood. The design examples listed below show the results obtained by adding different cellulose derivatives to a resin-rich pine grinding compound. The resin deposits on propellers and felt are given as a percentage of the values for corresponding blank samples, i.e. corresponding tests without additives.
Det er også blitt utført forsøk med en sulfittmasse som er kokt av en klebehar-pisrik granved, hvorved følgende resultat ble oppnådd. Også her er harpiksavsetnin-gene angitt i prosent av verdiene for de tilsvarende blindprøver: Experiments have also been carried out with a sulphite mass which has been boiled from a gum-resin-rich fir wood, whereby the following result was obtained. Here, too, the resin deposits are indicated as a percentage of the values for the corresponding blank samples:
Det skal iakttas at de erholdte siffer-verdiene i eksemplene 8 og 9 ikke direkte kan sammenlignes med tilsvarende verdier i eksemplene 1—7, siden blindprøven for sulfittmasse gir betydelig lavere harpiksavset-ninger enn tilsvarende blindprøver for slipemasse. It should be noted that the numerical values obtained in examples 8 and 9 cannot be directly compared with corresponding values in examples 1-7, since the blank sample for sulphite compound gives significantly lower resin deposits than corresponding blank samples for abrasive compound.
Av eksemplene fremgår, at en meget kraftig minsking av harpiksbeleggingen på propelleren oppnås. Dette innebærer i praksis, at eksempelvis siler, avvannings-filter og mekaniske bearbeidelsesanordnin-ger, spesielt filter og valser, kan holdes temmelig fri for harpiksavsettinger, så at de under alle omstendigheter ikke behøver å renses annet enn med lange mellomrom. Dette er av særskilt betydning, ettersom disse deler bare er tilgjengelige for rensing ved avbrytelse i produksjonen. Videre stammer harpiksflekkene i ferdigproduk-tet som regel fra harpiksbelegg, som er løsnet fra mekaniske bearbeidingsorganer. Av særskilt interesse er den store minsking av harpiksbelegget på såvel propeller som filt ved anvendelse av en blanding av karboksymetylcellulose og etylhydroksyetylcellulose (eksempel 6).. The examples show that a very strong reduction in the resin coating on the propeller is achieved. In practice, this means that, for example, strainers, dewatering filters and mechanical processing devices, especially filters and rollers, can be kept relatively free of resin deposits, so that under all circumstances they only need to be cleaned at long intervals. This is of particular importance, as these parts are only available for cleaning when production is interrupted. Furthermore, the resin stains in the finished product usually originate from resin coating, which has been loosened from mechanical processing devices. Of particular interest is the large reduction of the resin coating on both propellers and felt when using a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (example 6).
Generelt kan man vente seg, at har-piksavsettingene på filtrene under prak-tiske forhold blir vesentlig mindre enn de, som er oppnådd ved den meget kraftige be-arbeiding i laboratorieforsøkene, hvorfor resultatene i praksis sannsynligvis turde bli fordelaktigere enn hva som fremgår av disse forsøk. In general, one can expect that the resin deposits on the filters under practical conditions will be significantly smaller than those obtained by the very vigorous processing in the laboratory tests, which is why the results in practice are likely to be more advantageous than what appears from these attempt.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH854669A CH493183A (en) | 1969-06-05 | 1969-06-05 | Method for regulating the flow in a liquid-stabilized plasma generator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO128386B true NO128386B (en) | 1973-11-05 |
Family
ID=4341795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO02173/70A NO128386B (en) | 1969-06-05 | 1970-06-04 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3665244A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5035399B1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE751544A (en) |
CH (1) | CH493183A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2027341A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2045865A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1300172A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7008217A (en) |
NO (1) | NO128386B (en) |
SE (1) | SE362773B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH635050A5 (en) * | 1977-12-08 | 1983-03-15 | Alusuisse | METHOD FOR MELTING MAGNETICALLY SOFT FERRITES. |
DE3304790A1 (en) * | 1982-02-15 | 1983-09-01 | Československá akademie věd, Praha | METHOD FOR STABILIZING THE LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA OF AN ARC BURNER AND ARC BURNER TO BE CARRIED OUT |
JPS60163619U (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-10-30 | クロイ電機株式会社 | assembly desk lamp |
AT502448B1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-06-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | WATER VAPOR PLASMA BURNER |
AT502421B1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-06-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Steam cutter pistol for e.g. leather or fabric has steam temperature sensor linked to steam temperature regulator and heater |
AT502420B1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-08-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | COUPLING DEVICE FOR A WATER VAPOR CUTTING DEVICE |
CZ305206B6 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2015-06-10 | Ústav Fyziky Plazmatu Akademie Věd České Republiky, V. V. I. | Plasmatron with liquid-stabilized arc |
-
1969
- 1969-06-05 CH CH854669A patent/CH493183A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1970
- 1970-05-28 GB GB25825/70A patent/GB1300172A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-06-02 US US42809A patent/US3665244A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-06-04 JP JP45047690A patent/JPS5035399B1/ja active Pending
- 1970-06-04 NO NO02173/70A patent/NO128386B/no unknown
- 1970-06-04 DE DE19702027341 patent/DE2027341A1/en active Pending
- 1970-06-04 SE SE07782/70A patent/SE362773B/xx unknown
- 1970-06-05 BE BE751544D patent/BE751544A/en unknown
- 1970-06-05 FR FR7020850A patent/FR2045865A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1970-06-05 NL NL7008217A patent/NL7008217A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3665244A (en) | 1972-05-23 |
NL7008217A (en) | 1970-12-08 |
JPS5035399B1 (en) | 1975-11-15 |
BE751544A (en) | 1970-11-16 |
DE2027341A1 (en) | 1970-12-10 |
CH493183A (en) | 1970-06-30 |
SE362773B (en) | 1973-12-17 |
FR2045865A1 (en) | 1971-03-05 |
GB1300172A (en) | 1972-12-20 |
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