NL2033370B1 - Brake torque measurement system - Google Patents

Brake torque measurement system Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2033370B1
NL2033370B1 NL2033370A NL2033370A NL2033370B1 NL 2033370 B1 NL2033370 B1 NL 2033370B1 NL 2033370 A NL2033370 A NL 2033370A NL 2033370 A NL2033370 A NL 2033370A NL 2033370 B1 NL2033370 B1 NL 2033370B1
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
brake
support structure
frame
brake caliper
leaf hinge
Prior art date
Application number
NL2033370A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Denise Vermeer Tessa
Original Assignee
Lightyear Ipco B V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Lightyear Ipco B V filed Critical Lightyear Ipco B V
Priority to NL2033370A priority Critical patent/NL2033370B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2033370B1 publication Critical patent/NL2033370B1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/005—Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0056—Brake supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0008—Brake supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

Brake torque measurement system for measuring a brake torque of a brake system of a vehicle, the brake system comprising a brake caliper, the brake torque measurement system comprising a support structure adapted to support the brake caliper, at least one leaf hinge, a frame connectable to the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is connectable to the support structure, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged to suspend the support structure relative to the frame, a measurement unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque, wherein the support structure is connectable to the measurement unit, wherein the support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, wherein the rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measurement unit.

Description

P35710NLOO/JME
Brake torque measurement system
This invention relates to a brake torque measurement system for measuring a brake torque of a brake system of a vehicle, a vehicle comprising such a brake torque measurement system, and a brake test system comprising such a brake torque measurement system.
Vehicles, in general, comprise a plurality of wheels that are rotated in a forwards or backwards direction, relative to the orientation of the vehicle, to propel the vehicle. To slow down and/or stop a vehicle, the vehicle is provided with a brake system, configured to generate a brake force that slows down and/or stops the rotation of the wheels. The brake system is engaged if a brake action is performed. A brake action can be performed by, for example, the driver of the vehicle, or an automated system. Typically, such a brake system comprises a brake caliper and a brake disc. The brake disc is fixed to a wheel and rotates along with the wheel. The brake caliper is fixed to the body of the vehicle. The brake caliper interacts with the brake disc to generate a frictional force. The frictional force generates a brake torque along an axis that slows down and/or stops the rotation of the brake disc.
Thereby, the rotation of the wheel that the brake disc is connected to is slowed down and/or stopped as well.
It is useful to measure the brake torque that is created by the interaction between the brake caliper and the brake disc. For example, in developing a new vehicle and/or brake system, engineers need to calibrate the system to generate an appropriate brake torque. In another example, maintenance personnel and/or mechanics perform diagnostics to identify the cause of a malfunction. In yet another example, the brake torque measurement is used to identify residual brake torque. Residual brake torque is brake torque that is generated by the brake system if no brake action is performed. For example, after a brake action has ended, the brake caliper is not fully retracted from the brake disc. This causes at least part of the brake torque that was generated during the brake action to remain, due to the interaction between the brake caliper and the brake disc. For another example, dirt and/or debris is accumulated within the brake system, for example on the brake disc, on the brake caliper and/or between the brake caliper and the brake disc. The interaction between the brake disc, the dirt and/or debris, and the brake caliper generates residual brake torque. For yet another example, due to wear and tear, unevenness in the surface of the brake disc and/or the brakw caliper causes an interaction between the brake disc and brake caliper, even if no brake action is applied, causing residual brake torque. Residual brake torque is a source of drag,
which reduces the energy efficiency of the vehicle. Detecting and/or reducing sources of drag is desirable in order to build vehicles having increased energy efficiency, as they provide cost- and environment-friendly transportation means.
In brake measurement systems, it can be a challenge to obtain a relatively high measurement accuracy, e.g. up to 0.15 Nm when not applying a brake force, while the brake measurement system is adapted to endure a high brake torque, e.g. up to 3000 Nm, during a brake action. To obtain a high measurement accuracy is hard to achieve in a moving vehicle, wherein the brake torque measurement system is subject to disturbance due to heavy loads and vibrations.
In document US2018106319A1, various residual braking torque indication devices are described. The devices can include a sensorized brake pad. An output signal of the sensorized brake pad is processed to provide an indication of a residual braking torque. The residual braking torque indicator is calibrated to reference data to provide an actual measurement of the residual braking torque. As such, in the systems and method described in document
US2018106319A1, residual braking torque is determined indirectly. It relies on certain characteristics that are exhibited in the output signal of the sensors that are used to measure brake torque. As such, it relies on complex mathematical analysis, and needs to be calibrated appropriately.
A disadvantage of US2018106319A1 is that it introduces an additional cost of set-up and operation, and it reduces the robustness of the system when it faces unexpected conditions for which it was not calibrated. Further, the output signal that is analysed may be disturbed by other sources, such as vibrations or environmental conditions that do not indicate brake drag. As such, the robustness of the system is limited.
It is an objective of the invention to provide a system for measuring the brake torque, e.g. the residual brake torque, generated by a brake system of a vehicle. It is further an objective of the invention to provide an improved brake torque measurement system and/or to provide at least an alternative. It is further an objective of the invention to provide a vehicle comprising such a brake torque measurement system, and a brake test system comprising such a brake torque measurement system.
The objective of the invention is achieved by a brake torque measurement system for a brake system of a vehicle, the brake system comprising a brake caliper arranged for interacting with a brake disc to create a brake torque about an axis, the brake torque measurement system comprising: — a support structure is adapted to support the brake caliper, — at least one leaf hinge,
— aframe connectable to the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is connectable to the support structure, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged to suspend the support structure relative to the frame, — a measurement unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque, wherein the support structure is connectable to the measurement unit, wherein the support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, wherein the rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measurement unit.
The brake system of the vehicle comprises a brake caliper. The brake caliper is arranged for interacting with a brake disc to create a brake torque about an axis. Typically, the axis is a rotation axis of the wheel that the brake disc is connected to. The brake torque about the axis causes to slow down and/or to stop the rotation of the brake disc. The brake caliper engages the brake disc, creating the brake torque about the axis, as a result of a brake action. The brake action is started, for example, by the operator of the vehicle or an automated system. Typically, the brake torque generated during a brake action is a large brake torque, in the range of 500-5000 Nm. In other examples, brake torque generated during a brake action is in the range of 500-1000 Nm, in the range of 500-2000 Nm, in the range of 500-3000 Nm, in the range of 500-4000 Nm, or in the range of 500-6000 Nm.
When the brake action is finished, the brake caliper disengages the brake disc and the brake torque about the axis is ideally reduced to O Nm, such that the wheel rotates unhindered. However, due to e.g. contamination of the brake system, wear and tear of the brake system and/or the brake disc, or other related reasons, a residual brake torque about the axis may remain if no brake action is applied. Typically, residual brake torque is a small brake torque, in the range of 0-4 Nm. Other examples of ranges for residual brake torque are 0-10 Nm, 0-15 Nm, 0-20 Nm, and 0-500 Nm. The residual brake torque is for example caused by a drag force created by the interaction between the brake caliper and the brake disc. For example, after a brake action, the brake caliper does not fully release from the brake disc.
This results in a frictional force between the brake caliper and the brake disc. For another example, debris is present between the brake caliper and the brake disc. This causes a frictional force due to the interaction between the debris, the brake caliper and the brake disc.
For another example, due to wear and tear, the brake caliper and/or the brake disc have an uneven surface. The unevenness causes a frictional force due to the interaction of the brake caliper with the brake disc at the point where the unevenness occurs. For example, the interaction occurs periodically, for example once every rotation of the brake disc.
In a plurality of scenarios, it is of interest to measure the brake torque generated during a brake action and/or the residual brake torque generated if no brake action is applied.
For example, when developing a new brake system for a vehicle, engineers calibrate the brake system to generate an appropriate brake torque during a brake action. This can e.g. be achieved by measuring the generated brake torque in a test system and/or in a vehicle, for example during a test drive, and comparing it to a desired result or range of results. For another example, during operation of the vehicle, the performance of the brake system is monitored to ensure an appropriate brake torque is generated during a brake action. This can e.g. be achieved by measuring the generated brake torque and comparing it to a desired result or range of results. For yet another example, during operation of the vehicle, it is desirable to detect residual brake torque. Residual brake torque is a source of drag, which reduces the energy efficiency of the vehicle. By detecting the residual brake torque, the operator of the vehicle can be warned to e.g. have the vehicle serviced.
The brake torque measurement system according to the invention comprises a support structure adapted to support the brake caliper. The brake caliper is for example attached to the support structure. The support structure is connectable to at least one leaf hinge. For example, the support structure is connected to cross leaf hinges, wherein the cross leaf hinges comprises a first leaf hinge and a second leaf hinge. The first leaf hinge and/or the second leaf hinge are for example connected to the center of the support structure. The center of the support structure for example coincides with the axis. Preferably, the first leaf hinge and the second leaf hinge define an angle of substantially 90 degrees between both hinges.
The at least one leaf hinge is further connectable to a frame. The at least one leaf hinge provides a force at an offset of the axis when the support structure is away from a neutral position. In the neutral position, the support structure is for example centred with respect to the frame, i.e. for example when the vehicle is standing still. In the neutral position, the at least one leaf hinge is not extended and not compressed. Alternatively or additionally, the support structure is orientated to use gravity to rotate the brake caliper to a neutral position when no brake torque is applied. The location of the center of gravity of the brake caliper and the support structure cause that gravity moves the brake caliper to a neutral position when no brake torque is applied.
The frame is a stationary element with respect to the axis. The frame does not have a degree of freedom along the axis. For example, the frame is connected to the body of a vehicle, or is connected to a support platform of a test system. The at least one leaf hinge is arranged to suspend the support structure relative to the frame. The brake caliper has six degrees of freedom: three translational directions and a rotational direction for each translational direction. By suspending the support structure relative to the frame, the at least one leaf hinge limits five degrees of freedom of the brake caliper. The support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, i.e. the rotational direction of the brake disc. This direction is further referred as the sixth degree of freedom. As such, when the brake system generates a brake torque about the axis, i.e. if a brake action is applied or if residual brake torque is present, the brake caliper makes a rotational movement about the axis.
The brake torque measurement system further comprises a measurement unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque.
Brake torque can be measured in different ways and in different ranges. For example, brake torque generated during a brake action is in the range of 500-5000 Nm. In other examples, brake torque generated during a brake action is in the range of 500-1000 Nm, in the range of 500-2000 Nm, in the range of 500-3000 Nm, in the range of 500-4000 Nm, or in the range of 500-6000 Nm. Typically, residual brake torque is in the range of 0-4 Nm. Other examples of ranges for residual brake torque are 0-10 Nm, 0-15 Nm, 0-20 Nm, and 0-500 Nm.
The support structure is connectable to the measurement unit. For example, the measurement unit comprises a piston which is connected to the support structure. The rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measurement unit. The brake caliper is limited to rotate around the axis by the measurement unit, wherein the measurement unit prevents the brake caliper to make a full rotation, i.e. a rotation of 360 degrees. For example, when a brake torque is applied, the support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis.
Because the brake caliper will rotate, the support structure act upon the measurement unit, e.g. the support structure presses on the piston, till the support structure is at a limit of the measurement unit, for example the piston touches an abutment of the measurement unit. The abutment protects the measurement unit from being overloaded. The support structure and the measurement unit allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis between 0-10 degrees, preferably between 2-8 degrees. The sixth degree of freedom is limited by the measurement unit. This way, all six degrees of freedom of the brake caliper are limited. By having limited the six degrees of freedom of the brake caliper, the brake torque measurement system is less influenced or sensitive to vibrations or environmental conditions. For example, a moving vehicle is a heavily vibrating environment for the brake torque measurement system. As such, the brake torque measurement system according to the invention is a robust system while achieving an improved measurement accuracy.
The parameter representative of the brake torque, measured by the measurement unit, is for example a distance or a pressure. The measurement is performed, for example, by a sensor. Possible sensors include position sensors, angle sensors, displacement sensors, and pressure sensors. For example, the measurements are performed by an optical sensor such as a proximity sensor. For example, the measurements are performed by an acoustic sensor such as an ultrasonic sensor. For example, the measurements are performed by a piezometer, and/or a strain gauge. In another example, the measurement is performed by a gauge, indicating the parameter representative of the brake torque.
In an embodiment, the support structure is arranged to transfer at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper to the measurement unit when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
When the support structure rotates relative to the frame, e.g. due to a braking action, the brake caliper makes the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis. The brake caliper creates the brake torque about the axis, wherein at least part of the brake torque is transferred to the support structure. The support structure is for example connected to the measurement unit, e.g. via a connection member. The connection member between the support structure and the measurement unit allows the support structure to transfer at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper via the support structure to the measurement unit.
In an embodiment, the support structure is arranged to engage the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame, wherein the support structure is arranged to transfer at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper to the frame when the support structure engages the frame.
The support structure is arranged such that it engages the frame when applying a brake force. The engagement between the support structure and the frame transfers at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper via the support structure to the frame. The support structure is suspended from the frame via the at least one leaf hinge. The leaf hinge is arranged to connect the support structure to the frame rotatably about the axis.
Alternatively or in addition, the support structure comprises a bearing. The bearing is arranged to connect the support structure to the frame rotatably about the axis.
In an embodiment, the support structure is arranged to engage the frame in a radial direction. By applying a brake force, the support structure will move in radial direction towards the frame until the support structure engages the frame. The interaction between the support structure and the frame limits the rotation of the brake caliper. When the support structure engages the frame, the support structure, and thus the brake caliper, remains stationary.
In an embodiment, the support structure comprises a protrusion member at an end of the support structure, wherein the protrusion member is arranged to engage the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame. The protrusion member is manufactured from a material, such as metal, that is able to withstand the at least part of the brake torque. By applying a brake force, the support structure will move in radial direction towards the frame until the protrusion member engages the frame. The engagement between the protrusion member and the frame stops further rotation of the support structure, and indirectly the brake caliper, and thereby transferring at least part of the brake torque to the frame.
In an embodiment, the support structure comprises a slit, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged in the slit, wherein the slit comprises two opposite slit walls spaced apart from the at least one leaf hinge. The slit extends in the radial direction of the support structure, e.g. extending from the center of the support structure to an edge of the support structure. The at least one leaf is arranged in the slit. The slit comprises two opposite slit walls spaced apart from the at least one leaf hinge, such that the at least one leaf hinge is not touching the slit wall. When applying a brake force, the support structure will rotate about the axis and additionally move in the radial direction. The slit is configured such that the support structure firstly touches the frame, thereby avoiding that one of the slit walls touches the at least one leaf hinge. For example, the slit walls are spaced sufficiently far from the at least one leaf hinge in order to avoid contact between the slit wall and the at least one leaf hinge, e.g. during a braking action. For example, when the support structure is in the neutral position, the distance between the slit wall and the at least one leaf hinge is at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably 3 mm. This ensures that the risk of bending or damage of the at least one leaf hinge is reduced.
Alternatively or in addition, the at least one leaf hinge is provided with a pad. The pad is made of or comprises an elastomeric material, such as rubber. The pad serves to distribute a force of the slit wall on the at least one leaf hinge. In case the slit wall touches the at least one leaf hinge, e.g. during a brake action, the pad on the at least one leaf hinge ensures that the executed force is about equally distributed over the contact surface at the least hinge to prevent damage.
In an embodiment, the measurement unit is in-plane with the brake disk, wherein the measurement unit is arranged on the frame. In-plane means that the measurement unit is parallel and aligned with the brake disk. By having the brake disk parallel and aligned with the measurement unit, the measurement unit is arranged to measure a parameter representative of the brake torque exerted in a plane parallel to the brake disk. Thereby, a more accurate brake torque measurement can be realised. Alternatively, it is not necessary to have the measurement unit in-plane with the brake disk to measure a parameter representative of the brake torque exerted in a plane parallel to the brake disk.
In an embodiment, the measurement unit is arranged at a first radius relative to the axis and wherein the brake caliper is arranged at a second radius relative to the axis, wherein the first radius is larger than the second radius. By arranging the measurement unit at a larger radius relative to the axis compared to the brake caliper, the measurement unit will not interfere with the brake disc and brake caliper.
In an embodiment, the support structure is in-plane with the frame, and wherein a gap is provided between the support structure and the frame to allow the brake caliper to make the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis. In-plane means that the support structure is parallel and aligned with the frame. By having the gap between the support structure and the frame, the support structure is allowed to rotate relative to the frame. The gap is dimensioned in view of the applied brake force. During a brake action, the support structure moves in radial direction towards the frame and moves through the gap until the support structure engages the frame. When the gap is too large, a relatively high brake action can be applied, wherein the support structure will rotate too far relative to the frame, which could lead to damage of the leaf hinge and/or the measurement unit. Preferably, the gap is between 1-50 mm, more preferably between 10-30 mm.
In an embodiment, the measurement unit is arranged at a first radius relative to the axis and wherein the brake caliper is arranged at a second radius relative to the axis, wherein the first radius is larger than the second radius. The second radius is preferably equal to the effective radius of the brake disc. By arranging the measurement unit at a larger radius relative to the axis compared to the brake caliper, it is prevented that the brake caliper interferes with the measurement unit. The radius difference between the first radius and the second radius results in a radial reaction force on the at least one leaf hinge. When the support structure engages the frame, e.g. during a brake action, at least part of the radial reaction force is transferred to the frame.
In an embodiment, when the brake torque exceeds a threshold value, the support structure moves through the gap to engage the frame. The threshold value is between 3000- 5000 Nm, preferably between 3500-4500 Nm, more preferably between 3800-4200 Nm. The support structure moves in a radial direction towards the frame. When the support structure engages the frame, e.g. during a brake action, at least part of the radial reaction force is transferred to the frame, wherein the at least one leaf hinge will not carry the full reaction force, and will not critically bend or break. The at least one leaf hinge can safely buckle when applying a brake force.
In an embodiment, the gap is arranged to keep the at least one leaf hinge spaced apart from the slit walls when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
An embodiment according to invention can be described as follows:
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a brake torque measurement system for measuring a brake torque of a brake system of a vehicle, the brake system comprising a brake caliper arranged for interacting with a brake disc to create the brake torque about an axis, the brake torque measurement system comprising: — a support structure adapted to support the brake caliper, — atleast one leaf hinge, — a frame connectable to the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is connectable to the support structure, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged to suspend the support structure relative to the frame, — a measurement unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque, wherein the support structure is connectable to the measurement unit, wherein the support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, wherein the rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measurement unit, wherein the support structure comprises a slit, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged in the slit, wherein the slit comprises two opposite slit walls spaced apart from the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the support structure is in-plane with the frame, and wherein a gap is provided between the support structure and the frame to allow the brake caliper to make the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, wherein the gap is arranged to keep the at least one leaf hinge spaced apart from the slit walls when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
In such embodiment, the gap between the support structure and the frame is sufficient to allow the brake caliper to make the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, e.g. during a brake action. Due to the rotational movement, one of the slit wall rotates together with the support structure wherein the slit wall approaches the at least leaf hinge. It is desired to keep at least one leaf hinge space apart from the slit walls when the support structure rotates relative to frame. In case of a brake action, the support structure additionally moves in the radial direction towards the frame and moves through the gap until the support structure engages the frame, wherein the rotational movement is stopped. The gap is arranged in function of the distance between the slit walls and at least one leaf hinge. By doing so, the support structure first engages the frame after applying a brake force wherein a contact between the slit walls and the least one leaf hinge is mitigated.
In an embodiment, the measurement unit comprises a load cell. The load cell is for example arranged in series with a pre-tensioned pressure spring. The load cell and the pressure spring are for example incorporated in a housing. By connecting the support structure to the measurement unit, e.g. to a piston, the piston presses the pressure spring during a brake action. When a brake action occurs, a pressure force will be exerted on the load cell via the pressure spring. When the brake torque exceeds a threshold value, e.g. the pre-tension of the pressure spring, the piston moves further until it touches an abutment. The abutment is connected to the frame. When the piston touches the abutment, at least part of the brake force is transferred to the frame via the abutment. This way, the load cell is protected against too high brake forces acting on the load cell.
According to another aspect of the invention, a vehicle is provided comprising the brake torque measurement system according to the invention.
In an embodiment, a wheel of the vehicle comprises the brake torque measurement system according to the invention.
According to another aspect of the invention, one or more of the above objectives are achieved by a brake test system comprising - a support platform, - the brake torque measurement system according to the invention, wherein the support platform comprises the frame.
The invention is described below with reference to the figures. These figures serve as examples to illustrate the invention, and will not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. In the different figures, like features are indicated by the like reference numerals.
In the figures:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a brake torque measurement system according to the invention;
Fig. 2 schematically shows a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein a support structure is a neutral position;
Fig. 3 schematically shows a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein a support structure is moved away from the neutral position;
Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed view of a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 schematically shows a detailed view of a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 schematically shows a detailed view of a front view of a measurement unit of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 2;
Fig. 7 schematically shows a detailed view of a front view of a measurement unit of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Figs. 1-3 schematically show a brake torque measurement system according to the invention. Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the brake torque measurement system 101.
Figs. 2-3 show a front view of the brake torque measurement system 101, wherein in Fig. 2 no brake force is applied and in Fig. 3 a brake force is applied. Figs. 1-3 further schematically show a brake system 201 of a vehicle. The brake system 201 comprises a brake caliper 102.
The brake caliper 102 is arranged for interacting with a brake disc 103 to create a brake torque about an axis 104.
The brake torque measurement system 101 comprises a support structure 105 supporting the brake caliper 102. The brake caliper 102 is attached to the support structure 105. The support structure 105 is connected to two cross leaf hinges 106: a first leaf hinge and a second leaf hinge. The first leaf hinge and the second leaf hinge are connected to the center of the support structure 105. The first leaf hinge and the second leaf hinge are arranged perpendicular to each other.
The cross leaf hinges 106 are further connected to a frame 107. The cross leaf hinges 106 provide a force at an offset of the axis 104 when the support structure 105 is away from a neutral position. In the neutral position {see figs. 1-2), the support structure 105 is centred with respect to the frame 107, i.e. for example when the vehicle is standing still. In the neutral position, the cross leaf hinges 106 are not extended or compressed. Additionally, the support structure 105 is orientated to use gravity to rotate the brake caliper 102 to a neutral position when no brake torque is applied. The location of the center of gravity of the brake caliper 102 and the support structure 105 cause that gravity moves the brake caliper 102 to a neutral position when no brake torque is applied.
The support structure 105 is in-plane with the frame 107. In-plane means that the support structure 105 is parallel and aligned with the frame 107.
The frame 107 is a stationary element with respect to the axis 104. The frame 107 does not have a degree of freedom along the axis 104. For example, the frame 107 is connected to the body of a vehicle, or is connected to a support platform of a test system.
The cross leaf hinges 106 are arranged to suspend the support structure 105 relative to the frame 107. The brake caliper 102 has six degrees of freedom: three translational directions and a rotational direction for each translational direction. By suspending the support structure 105 relative to the frame 107, the cross leaf hinges 106 limit five degrees of freedom of the brake caliper 102. The support structure 105 is adapted to allow the brake caliper 102 to make a rotational movement relative to the frame 107 about the axis 104, i.e. the rotational direction of the brake disc 103. This direction is further referred as the sixth degree of freedom. As such, when the brake system 201 generates a brake torque about the axis 104, i.e. if a brake action is applied or if residual brake torque is present, the brake caliper 102 makes a rotational movement about the axis (see fig. 3).
The brake torque measurement system 101 further comprises a measurement unit 108 for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque. Brake torque can be measured in different ways and in different ranges. For example, brake torque generated during a brake action is in the range of 500-5000 Nm. In other examples, brake torque generated during a brake action is in the range of 500-1000 Nm, in the range of 500-2000 Nm, in the range of 500-3000 Nm, in the range of 500-4000 Nm, or in the range of 500-6000 Nm. Typically, residual brake torque is in the range of 0-4 Nm. Other examples of ranges for residual brake torque are 0-10 Nm, 0-15 Nm, 0-20 Nm, and 0-500
Nm.
The support structure 105 is connected to a first end 109 of the measurement unit 108. The first end 109 is part of a piston 110 which is connected to the support structure 105.
A second end 111 of the measurement unit 108 is connected to the frame 107. The rotational movement of the brake caliper 102 is limited by the measurement unit 108. The brake caliper 102 is limited to rotate around the axis 104 by the measurement unit 108, wherein the measurement unit 108 prevents the brake caliper 102 to make a full rotation, i.e. a rotation of 360 degrees. For example, when a brake torque is applied, the support structure 105 is adapted to allow the brake caliper 102 to make a rotational movement relative to the frame 107 about the axis 104. Because the brake caliper 102 will rotate, the support structure 105 presses on the piston 110 of the measurement unit 108 till the piston 108 touches an abutment 112. The abutment 112 protects the measurement unit 108 from being overloaded.
The support structure 105 and the measurement unit 108 allow the brake caliper 102 to make a rotational movement relative to the frame 107 about the axis 104 between 0-10 degrees, preferably between 2-8 degrees. The sixth degree of freedom is limited by the measurement unit 108. This way, all six degrees of freedom of the brake caliper 102 are limited. By having limited the six degrees of freedom of the brake caliper 102, the brake torque measurement system 101 is less influenced or sensitive to vibrations or environmental conditions. For example, a moving vehicle is a heavily vibrating environment for the brake torque measurement system 101. As such, the brake torque measurement system 101 according to the invention is a robust system while achieving an improved measurement accuracy.
Figs. 4-5 schematically show a detailed view of a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Figs. 1-3. In Fig. 4 the support structure is in the neutral position (e.g. the vehicle is standing still), whereas in fig. 5 the support structure is moved relative to the frame (e.g. due to a braking action).
In the embodiment shown in figs. 1-3, the support structure 105 comprises two slits 301. In Figs. 4-5 only one of the two slits 301 is illustrated. The cross leaf hinge 106 is arranged in the slit 301. The slit 301 comprises two opposite slit walls 302 spaced apart from the cross leaf hinge 1086. The slit 301 extends in the radial direction of the support structure 105 between the center of the support structure 105 and the edge of the support structure 105 near the frame 107. The cross leaf hinge 106 is not touching the slit walls 302.
Further a gap 303 is provided between the support structure 105 and the frame 107 to allow the brake caliper 102 to make the rotational movement relative to the frame 107 about the axis 104. By having the gap 303 between the support structure 105 and the frame 107, the support structure 105 is allowed to rotate relative to the frame 107.
When applying a brake force, as illustrated in fig. 5, the support structure 105 rotates in a clockwise direction and additionally moves in the radial direction. The support structure 105 bridges the gap 303 until the support structure 105 engages the frame 107. When the support structure 105 engages the frame 107, the support structure 105 transfers at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper 102 to the frame 107. The interaction between the support structure 105 and the frame 107 limits the further rotation of the brake caliper 102.
When the support structure 105 engages the frame 107, the support structure 105 remains stationary.
The gap 303 is dimensioned in view of the applied brake force. When the gap 303 is too large, a relatively high brake action can be applied. In that case, the support structure 105 will rotate too far relative to the frame 107, which could lead to damage of the cross leaf hinge 303 and/or the measurement unit 108. Preferably, the gap 303 is between 1-50 mm, more preferably between 10-30 mm.
The support structure 105 comprises a protrusion member 105a at an end of the support structure 105. The protrusion member 105a is arranged to engage the frame 107 (see fig. 5) when the brake caliper 102 rotates relative to the frame 107. The protrusion member 105a is manufactured from a material, such as metal, that is able to withstand the at least part of the brake torque. In fig. 5, the protrusion member 1064 comes into contact with the frame 107, wherein the contact between the protrusion member 105a and the frame 107 stops the rotation of the support structure 105, and indirectly the brake caliper 102, and thereby transferring at least part of the brake torque to the frame 107.
The slit 301 is configured such that the support structure 105 firstly touches the frame 107 when the support structure 105 is rotating about the axis 104 and is moving towards the frame 107. Thereby it is avoided that one of the slit walls 303 touches the cross leaf hinge 106. The slit walls 303 are spaced sufficiently far from the cross leaf hinge 106 in order to avoid contact between the slit wall 303 and the cross leaf hinge 108, e.g. during a braking action. For example, when the support structure 105 is in the neutral position, the distance between the slit wall 303 and the cross leaf hinge 106 is at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably 3 mm. This ensures that the risk of bending or damage of the cross leaf hinge 106 is reduced.
Additionally, the cross leaf hinge 106 is provided with a pad 106a. The pad 106a is made of or comprises an elastomeric material, such as rubber. The pad 106a serves to distribute a force of the slit wall 303 on the cross leaf hinge 106 in case the slit wall 303 would touch the cross leaf hinge 106. In case the slit wall 303 touches the cross leaf hinge 106, e.g. during a brake action, the pad 106a on the cross leaf hinge 106 ensures that the executed force is about equally distributed over the contact surface at the cross leaf hinge 106 to prevent damage.
Figs. 6-7 schematically show a detailed view of a front view of a brake torque measurement system according to the embodiment of Figs. 1-3, wherein is focused on a measurement unit. In Fig. 6 the support structure is in the neutral position {e.g. the vehicle is standing still}, whereas in fig. 7 the support structure is moved relative to the frame (e.g. due to a braking action).
In figs. 6-7, the measurement unit 108 is a load cell. The measurement unit 108 is in- plane with the brake disk (see e.g. figs 1-3), wherein the measurement unit 108 is arranged on the frame. In-plane means that the measurement unit 108 is parallel and aligned with the brake disk. By having the brake disk parallel and aligned with the measurement unit 108, a more accurate brake torque measurement can be realised.
As can be seen in Figs 2-3, the measurement unit 108 is arranged at a first radius r1 relative to the axis and the brake caliper 102 is arranged at a second radius r2 relative to the axis. The first radius r1 is larger than the second radius r2. By arranging the measurement unit 108 at a larger radius relative to the axis compared to the brake caliper 102, the measurement unit 108 will not interfere with the brake disc 103 and brake caliper 102. In this situation, the second radius r2 is equal to the effective radius of the brake disc 103. The radius difference between the first radius r1 and the second radius r2 results in a radial reaction force on the cross leaf hinges 106. When the support structure 105 engages the frame (see fig. 5), at least part of the radial reaction force is transferred to the frame 107.
When the brake torque exceeds a threshold value, the support structure 105 moves through the gap 303 towards the frame 107 to engage the frame 107. The threshold value is between 3000-5000 Nm, preferably between 3500-4500 Nm, more preferably between 3800- 4200 Nm. When the support structure 105 engages the frame 107, e.g. during a brake action, at least part of the radial reaction force is transferred to the frame 107, wherein the cross leaf hinges 106 will not carry the full reaction force, and will not critically bend or break. The cross leaf hinges 106 can safely buckle when applying a brake force.
The parameter representative of the brake torque, measured by the measurement unit 108 is for example a pressure. The measurement is performed by the load cell 110, which measures the pressure of the support structure 105 executing on the load cell 110.
Further, this document describes the following clauses of the present invention: 1. Brake torque measurement system for measuring a brake torque of a brake system of a vehicle, the brake system comprising a brake caliper arranged for interacting with a brake disc to create the brake torque about an axis, the brake torque measurement system comprising: - a support structure adapted to support the brake caliper, - at least one leaf hinge, - a frame connectable to the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is connectable to the support structure, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged to suspend the support structure relative to the frame, - a measurement unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the brake torque, characterised in that, wherein the support structure is connectable to the measurement unit, wherein the support structure is adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis, wherein the rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measurement unit. 2. Brake torque measurement system according to clause 1, wherein the support structure is arranged to transfer at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper to the measurement unit when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
3. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the support structure is arranged to engage the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame, wherein the support structure is arranged to transfer at least part of the brake torque from the brake caliper to the frame when the support structure engages the frame.
4. Brake torque measurement system according to clause 3, wherein the support structure is arranged to engage the frame in a radial direction.
5. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses 3-4, wherein the support structure comprises a protrusion member at an end of the support structure, wherein the protrusion member is arranged to engage the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
6. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the support structure comprises a slit, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged in the slit, wherein the slit comprises two opposite slit walls spaced apart from the at least one leaf hinge.
7. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the measurement unit is parallel and aligned with the brake disk, wherein the measurement unit is arranged on the frame.
8. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the support structure is parallel and aligned with the frame, and wherein a gap is provided between the support structure and the frame to allow the brake caliper to make the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis.
9. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the measurement unit is arranged at a first radius relative to the axis and wherein the brake caliper is arranged at a second radius relative to the axis, wherein the first radius is larger than the second radius.
10. Brake torque measurement system according to clause 9, wherein, when the brake torque exceeds a threshold value, the support structure moves through the gap to engage the frame.
11. Brake torque measurement system according to clause 10, wherein the threshold value is between 3000-5000 Nm, preferably between 3500-4500 Nm, more preferably between 3800-4200 Nm.
12. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses 8-11 referring to clause 8, wherein the gap is arranged to keep the at least one leaf hinge spaced apart from the slit walls when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame.
13. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the measurement unit comprises a load cell.
14. Brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is a cross spring hinge.
15. Vehicle comprising the brake torque measurement system according to any one of the preceding clauses 1-14.
16. Wheel of a vehicle, the wheel comprising the brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses 1-14.
17. Brake test system comprising
- a support platform, - the brake torque measurement system according to any of the preceding clauses 1-14, wherein the support platform comprises the frame.

Claims (15)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Remkoppelmeetsysteem voor het meten van een remkoppel van een remsysteem van een voertuig, waarbij het remsysteem een remklauw omvat die is ingericht om te interageren met een remschijf om het remkoppel rond een as te creëren, waarbij het remkoppelmeetsysteem omvat: — een ondersteuningsstructuur die is aangepast om de remklauw te ondersteunen, — ten minste een bladscharnier, — een frame dat te verbinden is met het ten minste ene bladscharnier, waarbij het ten minste ene bladscharnier te verbinden is met de ondersteuningsstructuur, waarbij het ten minste ene bladscharnier is ingericht om de ondersteuningsstructuur op te hangen ten opzichte van het frame, — een meeteenheid voor het genereren van meetgegevens met betrekking tot een parameter die representatief is voor het remkoppel, met het kenmerk, dat waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur te verbinden is met de meeteenheid, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur is aangepast om de remklauw een rotatiebeweging te laten maken ten opzichte van het frame om de as, waarbij de rotatiebeweging van de remklauw wordt gelimiteerd door de meeteenheid.1. Brake torque measuring system for measuring a braking torque of a braking system of a vehicle, the braking system comprising a brake caliper adapted to interact with a brake disc to create the braking torque about an axle, the braking torque measuring system comprising: — a support structure which is adapted to support the brake caliper, — at least one leaf hinge, — a frame connectable to the at least one leaf hinge, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is connectable to the support structure, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is adapted to support the support structure to be suspended relative to the frame, — a measuring unit for generating measurement data relating to a parameter representative of the braking torque, characterized in that the support structure can be connected to the measuring unit, the support structure being adapted to allow the brake caliper to make a rotational movement relative to the frame around the axis, whereby the rotational movement of the brake caliper is limited by the measuring unit. 2. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur is ingericht om ten minste een deel van het remkoppel van de remklauw over te dragen naar de meeteenheid wanneer de remklauw roteert ten opzichte van het frame.2. Braking torque measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the support structure is designed to transfer at least part of the braking torque from the brake caliper to the measuring unit when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame. 3. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur is ingericht om aan te grijpen op het frame wanneer de remklauw roteert ten opzichte van het frame, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur is ingericht om ten minste een deel van het remkoppel over te dragen van de remklauw aan het frame wanneer de ondersteuningsstructuur on het frame aangrijpt.3. Braking torque measuring system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure is designed to engage on the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame, wherein the support structure is designed to transfer at least part of the braking torque from the brake caliper to the frame when the support structure engages the frame. 4. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens conclusie 3, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur is ingericht om in radiale richting aan te grijpen op het frame.4. Braking torque measuring system according to claim 3, wherein the support structure is designed to engage on the frame in radial direction. 5. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies 3-4, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur een uitsteeksel omvat aan een uiteinde van de ondersteuningsstructuur, waarbij het uitsteeksel is ingericht om aan te grijpen op het frame wanneer de remklauw roteert ten opzichte van het frame.5. Brake torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims 3-4, wherein the support structure comprises a protrusion at an end of the support structure, wherein the protrusion is designed to engage on the frame when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame. 6. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur een spleet omvat, waarbij het ten minste ene bladscharnier in de spleet is aangebracht, waarbij de spleet twee tegenover elkaar gelegen spleetwanden omvat op afstand van het ten minste ene bladscharnier.6. Braking torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure comprises a gap, wherein the at least one leaf hinge is arranged in the gap, wherein the gap comprises two opposite gap walls spaced from the at least one leaf hinge. 7. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de meeteenheid evenwijdig en uitgelijnd is met de remschijf, waarbij de meeteenheid op het frame is aangebracht.7. Braking torque measuring system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring unit is parallel and aligned with the brake disc, wherein the measuring unit is mounted on the frame. 8. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de ondersteuningsstructuur evenwijdig en uitgelijnd is met het frame, en waarbij een opening is voorzien tussen de ondersteuningsstructuur en het frame om de remklauw de rotatiebeweging te laten maken ten opzichte van het frame om de as.8. Brake torque measuring system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure is parallel and aligned with the frame, and wherein a gap is provided between the support structure and the frame to allow the brake caliper to make the rotational movement relative to the frame about the axis. 9. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de meeteenheid is aangebracht op een eerste radius ten opzichte van de as en waarbij de remklauw is aangebracht op een tweede radius ten opzichte van de as, waarbij de eerste radius groter is dan de tweede radius.9. Brake torque measuring system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring unit is arranged on a first radius relative to the axle and wherein the brake caliper is mounted on a second radius relative to the axle, wherein the first radius is larger than the second radius . 10. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens conclusie 9, waarbij, wanneer het remkoppel een drempelwaarde overschrijdt, de ondersteuningsstructuur door de opening beweegt om aan te grijpen op het frame.10. Braking torque measuring system according to claim 9, wherein, when the braking torque exceeds a threshold value, the support structure moves through the opening to engage the frame. 11. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens conclusie 10, waarbij de drempelwaarde tussen 3000-5000 Nm, bij voorkeur tussen 3500-4500 Nm, met meer voorkeur tussen 3800-4200 Nm ligt.11. Brake torque measuring system according to claim 10, wherein the threshold value is between 3000-5000 Nm, preferably between 3500-4500 Nm, more preferably between 3800-4200 Nm. 12. Remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies 8-11 verwijzend naar conclusie 6, waarbij de opening is ingericht om het ten minste ene bladscharnier op afstand te houden van de spleetwanden wanneer de remklauw roteert ten opzichte van het frame.12. Braking torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims 8-11 referring to claim 6, wherein the opening is designed to keep the at least one leaf hinge at a distance from the gap walls when the brake caliper rotates relative to the frame. 13. Voertuig omvattende het remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies 1-12.13. Vehicle comprising the braking torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims 1-12. 14. Wiel van een voertuig, waarbij het wiel het remkoppelmeetsysteem omvat volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies 1-12.14. Wheel of a vehicle, wherein the wheel comprises the braking torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims 1-12. 15. Remtestsysteem omvattende: — een ondersteuningsplatform, — het remkoppelmeetsysteem volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies 1- 12, waarbij het ondersteuningsplatform het frame omvat.15. Brake test system comprising: - a support platform, - the braking torque measuring system according to any of the preceding claims 1-12, wherein the support platform comprises the frame.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19800422A1 (en) * 1998-01-08 1999-07-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brake device for vehicles
DE102017211739A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg disc brake
US20180106319A1 (en) 2016-07-25 2018-04-19 Itt Italia S.R.L. Residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods
WO2020250199A1 (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 Freni Brembo S.P.A. Method and system for determining a braking torque, by means of detection performed by photonic sensors at a fixing interface between a brake caliper body and a respective support
DE102019209529A1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-31 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Multi-disc brake for a rotatable element

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19800422A1 (en) * 1998-01-08 1999-07-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brake device for vehicles
US20180106319A1 (en) 2016-07-25 2018-04-19 Itt Italia S.R.L. Residual braking torque indication devices, systems, and methods
DE102017211739A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg disc brake
WO2020250199A1 (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 Freni Brembo S.P.A. Method and system for determining a braking torque, by means of detection performed by photonic sensors at a fixing interface between a brake caliper body and a respective support
DE102019209529A1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-31 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Multi-disc brake for a rotatable element

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