MXPA97008690A - Food additives for animals and food containing these aditi - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to feed additives for animals, containing from 0.2 to 2.5% of the weight of said additives. The additives contain decomposed formic acid salt. The additive may also contain a desiccant. The additive comprises from 20 to 99% by weight of potassium diformate, from 0 to 50% by weight of sodium di / tetraformiate, from 0 to 25% by weight of calcium formate, from 0 to 4% by weight of desiccant and from 0 to 5% by weight of ag

Description

THESE ADDITIVES The present invention relates to animal feed dyes containing formic acid disalts. The invention also comprises animal feed containing said additives.

A general problem with food additives containing phenylcarboxylic acids and especially formic acid, is the lack of acid, due to evaporation. This results in an unpredictable product susceptible to corrosion problems in the food manufacturing equipment, as well as being dangerous for those who handle the food additives and materials. Another problem is to make additives that flow freely and that can be easily mixed with other food ingredients. The additives must also be stable during storage and capable of withstanding the temperatures to which they are exposed during the production of the food, without decomposing. The applications and effects of monocarboxylic acids, such as formic acid and formates, such as calcium formate in material for animal feed, are generally known in the art. It has been found in the effects of these additives, giving a greater range of growth, improvements in the conversion of food and a frequency of reduced diarrhea. Thus, it is already known from EP 0317668 Al, that growth stimulation of piglets can be achieved, by applying a forage REF: 26125 conventional with 5 to 25% dry mix, containing 3 to 5 parts of calcium formate. Said dried mixture also contains 1 to 25 parts of fat, 18 to 28 parts of protein, 13 to 20 parts of mineral, 3 to 5 parts of citrate and 30 to 50 parts of lactose. Despite this, this additive has certain disadvantages and limitations of use. Calcium formate has a low solubility to water can only be used in limited quantities, to avoid a very high calcium content in the food. The concentration of formate in the additive, on the contrary, is lower and the effect is only of the same order of magnitude or even lower, when the formic acid is added to the food. This has also been demonstrated by an article by M. Kirchgessnßr and F. X. Roth, "Use of formates in the feeding of piglets", Landwirtsch. Forschung 40, 2-3, 1987. On page 149 it is stated that "Cafo (calcium formate) influenced the feeding consumption of the piglets only slightly, the animals improved in the conversion of food by about 5% to the higher dose levels (2.7 / 2.6% Cafo) ". From EP 219997 it is more known, a pres-arvative composition, to be added to the food material containing a binary mixture of formic acid and propionic acid, with synergistic activity. The aqueous mixture of the acids is impregnated in a solid excipient such as SJ_Jret5n. 0.1 to 10% of the mixture is used for pigs, cattle or poultry. A disadvantage of the additive is that the percentage of active ingredient in the excipient is lower. Furthermore, due to the low thermal stability of the product, the risk of losing part of the acid during production and storage is very high and therefore, the effective cost of the active substance increases. The impregnated excipient can also cause damage to the equipment of persons exposed to the product due to leakage or evaporation of the acid from the excipient. The nutritive effect of fumaric acid, through varying the quality of protein and the protein content of the food, in the fattening performance of chickens, is described in an article in Geflügelkunde 1991, 55 (5) pages 224-232, Eugen ülmer & Co., Stuttgart, Germany. With the average fumaric acid it was observed that the end-of-life weight was improved by 3.9% and feed conversion by 2.6%, while the food consumption was not affected. The nutritive effect in weight gain decreased from 4.2 to 2% during several periods of growth. The utilization of food changed from 3 to 2-2.5%. The increase in the effectiveness of organic acid, related to the low nutritional supply, was only more pronounced, in a period of 0 to 14 days. -In the product data sheet of PRESCO International, the application of the nFormic Spray additive (formic acid in an excipient) is described, in quantities of 0.5 to 1.5% in the feed for piglets, pigs, cows, chickens and chickens. Said additive states that it generally improves the efficiency of the feed for these animals, but this additive has experienced a considerable loss of formic acid during storage.In British Patent No. 1,505,388, formation of aqueous solutions of complex salts, such as ions, is described. of ammonium and / or of a metal selected from Group I or II of the Periodic Table and at least one carboxylic acid, the radius of the acid being to ammonium and / or metal ions, in the range of 2: 1 and 4: 1 in an equivalent chemical base, the concentration of water in the aqueous solution being between 15 and 75% by weight of the total composition.This solution of complex salts or disalts of carboxylic acids, is It is suitable for being a preservative composition to prevent the growth of mold, bacteria and fungus and therefore, useful for animal feed, which in the patent is called "substrate". When applied as a preservative to a substrate, the liquid composition suitably contains between 0.1 and 5% inorganic complex acid salt, based on the weight of the treated substrate. The only example related to the use of formates is ammonium diformate in the pasture, which is not of the same type as the animal feed to which the present application relates and relates. The ammonium diformate is the most unstable of all the diformates and the expositions of this patent do not provide any exposition about the application of diformates, except pasture and similar types of animal feed and in their connection with the prevention or reduction of growth of mold, fungi and bacteria.

The main object of the present invention was to arrive at a new additive, consisting of salts and formic acid. An additional object led to such additives, which had high concentrations of active ingredients and also flow freely and be stable during storage and handling, including the final production of the food. An additional object was to obtain animal feed, containing the new additive in the desired quantities to obtain the required effects and still be within the specifications, considering the total content of elements such as sodium, potassium and calcium. In their search to find new additives for animal feed, the inventors wished to retain the advantages and positive effects of the active ingredients, described above. The problem was to avoid the disadvantages of the known additives. Several special mixtures of formates, acetates and the like were investigated without success. Thus, they focused on the possible application of several types of mixtures of diformates. In the literature it was found that potassium, sodium and ammonium formates could form double salts together with formic acid. The calcium formates did not form said double salts or disalts. Similar disalts could also be formed, of propionic and fumaric acids, with their respective salts. According to the literature, Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 8 De. System No. 21 and 22, Verlag Chemie G.M. B.H. , Berlin 1928, pages 818-857 and pages 919-949, respectively. Potassium diformate is the most stable crystalline salt, having a decomposition temperature of 120dc, while ammonium diformates are less stable and decompose in the range of 20 to 25SC. Sodium diformate is reported to decompose in the range of 100 to 120sc. Sodium tetraformiate can also be formed, according to a similar mechanism of reaction. When these salts decompose, the acid is expelled. The information about the disalts established above is more limited and there is no reported commercial production of said salts. Despite this, the reported stability of the sodium and potassium salts make them interesting with respect to the subject matter, since the production of food can be performed within the temperature range in which some of these salts are stable. Subsequent investigations revealed a considerable reduction in hygroscopicity, compared to the formates and mixing them with minimum amounts of desiccants, such as special types of silicon, starch and similar, giving quite promising results, considering the storage properties and manageability. Several compositions of mixtures and diformates were examined, in consideration of obtaining additives containing high contents of acid and its respective salt, especially sodium and / or potassium formates and formic acid.

The theoretical portion of the formic acid in the disal was increased from potassium formate to ammonium formate as follows: Table I The thermal stability of diformates shows a downward trend of potassium diformate to ammonium. The leakage of formic acid from ammonium diformate proved to be substantially greater than that from potassium diformate, and this confirms the low decomposition temperature reported from the previous component. -From Table I, it can be seen that relatively high contents of formic acid can be obtained using diformates, as a source of formates in food additives. In addition to this, the formic acid will be stably disposed in the disal, especially the potassium and sodium salts. This implies that the acid leak and the resulting instability will be substantially reduced. It has been found that this is of great importance with respect to both stability and manageability properties, during the production of the final feed containing the formate additives. Based on previous initial investigations, the following requirements for food additives based on diformates, were defined: Formate content > at 50% Formic acid content > at 20% Water content as low as possible, usually < at 1% Dissecting as low as possible, usually < at 1% The final food, generally contains 0.5 to 2% of formate-based additives and the total content of sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium and desiccant should be kept within the specified values for food, especially with regard to the content of sodium and calcium . The additive product should preferably be dry and flowable to facilitate its handling during its packing and handling in the food production equipment. The food additive should not cause corrosion problems in the production equipment, accordingly the leakage of formic acid from the dry additive and the final food should be very low.

The different mixtures of additive were made in many steps, for practical reasons. Thus, a first potassium diformate from which the water was removed to about 5% by centrifugation, preferably the residual water is removed in a drying unit, although a desiccant can be added to the additives containing less than 5% of water . Assisi, a dry product was obtained and able to flow freely. Sodium and ammonium diformate products were prepared in a similar manner. Then, these intermediate products were mixed in the desired proportions to obtain food additive products. The experiences of the scale production in laboratory cited of the additives, were the following: The additives that have a high content of potassium diformate were able to flow freely, thermally stable and gave almost no odor. If the content of diformate / tetraformiate was increased in the additive, the product gave a stronger odor. If ammonium diformate was mixed in the additive, it was found that the drying of the product was difficult. These products were more hygroscopic than the products based on potassium and sodium diformates. Ammonium diformate increased the smell of formic acid in the product. Concentrated diformate solutions, for example from 55 to 70%, preferably potassium and / or sodium diforraiate, could be used as additive components, to be mixed with the staple food in amounts of given corresponding contents of formates in the food, as with the dry additives, described above. When diformate solutions are used, special care must be taken to ensure uniform distribution of the additive in the staple food. The additives according to the invention were mixed with conventional forage in amounts of 0.2 to 2.5% by weight. Said animal feeds, according to the invention were found, being especially useful for piglets and pigs. Similar effects were predicted in chickens, calves and cows, but they were not investigated further. The animal feed additives according to the invention comprise formic acid disalts in amounts of 20 to 99% of the weight of potassium diformate, 0 to 50% of the weight of sodium di / tetraformiate, 0 to 25% of the weight of calcium formate and 0 to 5% by weight of water. The additive may also contain a desiccant. The most preferred additives are characterized in that they comprise 20 to 60% of the weight of potassium diformate, 20 to 50% of the weight of sodium di / tetraformiate, 0 to 25% of the weight of calcium formate, 1 to 4% of the Desiccant weight and 0 to 5% of water weight. Another preferred type of additive comprises 60 to 99% by weight of potassium diformate, 0 to 28% by weight of calcium formate, 1 to 4% by weight of desiccant and 0 to 5% by weight of water.

The field and the special features of the invention are as defined in the appended claims. The invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the following examples.

Example 1 This example shows the results of the tests of various additive compositions, with respect to stability, measured according to the loss of formic acid. They were made, 26 different compositions of additives containing diformates. These additives contained different types and radii of diformates and in addition, calcium formate can be added as a dissecting agent. The amount of water in the additives was also measured. The total weight of the additives varied between 173 and 536 grams and of each sample of additive composition, 25 grams were taken for the stability test. These tests were elaborated, placing the samples from 25 grams to 25sc in a glass bell, together with a flask with lye INN NaOH. The glass bell was sealed and the loss or leakage of acid from the additive could be measured, removing the flask after 2, 4 and 7 days respectively and analyzing the bleach with respect to the acid.The relative stability of various additive compositions could Thus, to be determined, two commercially known additives containing formic acid were also tested in the same manner and the results were compared with those additives according to the invention.These known additives contain formic acid in porous silicone excipients. the recipes that were tested with respect to acid loss are shown in Table 1. As can be seen in Table Ib, all recipes were not tested, compositions and acid loss as a function of time are shown. in Table Ib below.

Table the The results of the previous tests show that the binding of formic acid to potassium diformate and / or sodium di / tetraformiate are much more stable than ammonium diformate. In this test, the best additive composition demonstrated a loss of formic acid in the range of 2% over a period of 7 days, compared to 3 to 6% under a period of 7 days when the additive contains a high content of ammonium diformate. The commercial product "Formic Sprayn and the" Formic Stabil "had losses of formic acid of between 12 and 18% even under a period of 4 days, based on the results of the previous tests it concluded that the most preferred additive compositions should be based on potassium and / or sodium diformates and a desiccant Two main types of additive compositions were made for food testing.

Type I Potassium diformate 40-50% ~~ Di / potassium tetraformiate 20-25% Calcium formate 20-25% Desiccant 2-5% Water 3-6% The formic acid content will be approximately 20% and the total content of formate approximately 65%.

Type II Potassium diformate 82-85% Calcium formate 9-12% Desiccant 2-4% Water 2-4% The formic acid content will be approximately 30% and the total formate content approximately 65%.

Example 2 The two additives mentioned above were tested in a feeding experiment for 42 days. It conducted with a total of 96 piglets (females and coated males) in two consecutive rounds. 2 X 6 baits with 8 weaned piglets, each purchased from a pig farm to achieve a totally random block design. These eight piglets of different litter formed an experimental block and were randomly assigned to one of the 8 treatments described above, having equal numbers of females and males trained in each group: During the first period of the experiment (day 1 to 21), a preinitiator given and during the second period (days 22 to 42), a feed for piglets given improvisedly to the animals. Table II shows the composition of these food mixtures, which had to be constant for all treatments, in terms of protein, amino acids, Ca, P and energy. Since the new additives to be tested, contained Na, Ca and K in considerable amounts and also provides an amount of energy, it necessary to add corn, soybean oil meal, fat and / or CaC? 3 to the mixture, depending on the amount of formic acid and the additives, whether Type I or II, are supplemented. In Table III, the concentrations of crude nutrient analyzed and the calculated contents of minerals and metabolizable energy are given. Both feed mixes met the nutrient, micro nutrient and energy requirements for the growing piglets and were administered in the form of croquette.

Table II: Composition of food mixtures (%) Per kg. Of food: 3.2 g. of Ca, 1.3 g. of P, 0.9 g. of Na, 0.2 g. of Mg, 77 mg. Of Fe, 17 mg. Cu, 22 mg. Of Mn, 64 mg. Of Zn, 0.8 mg. From J, 0.2 mg. De Se, 9600 I.ü. of Vitamin A, 960 I.U. of Vitamin D3, 32 mg. Of Vitamin E, 0.7 mg. Of Vitamin B t 1.4 mg. Of Vitamin B2, 1.1 mg. From Vitamin Bg, 10 μg. of Vitamin B12, 9 mg. Of nicotinic acid, 5.6 pantotheric acid, 0.4 mg. Vitamin K3, 190 mg. Choline chloride, 0.3 mg. Of folic acid, 48 μg. of biotin.

Table III: Concentrations of nutrients and energy in the feed mixes used (% of FM) ') Calculated Example 3 The influence of the additions used in the pH and in the acid binding capacity in the individual food mixtures (10% of feed suspensions) is shown in Table IV.

Table IV: pH value and acid binding capacity in the feed mixes used In both diets, the initial pH value, from 5.1 to 5.2 in the control food does not replace, which was certainly lower, lowered by adding the additives Type I or II to a minimum pH of 4.4, depending on the dose, but never reached that value, due to the addition of pure formic acid. In the preinitiator, there was no difference between the Type I and II additive, but in the feedstuff, the Type I additives presented lower pH values of 0.4 units, compared with the Type II additives. The acid binding capacity, which means the amount to be added of HCl, to reach the pH value of 3.0 in the feed, reacted contrary to the pH values. The higher the supplementation, the lower the pH value, and the higher the acid binding capacity, the greater the stabilizing capacity of the added substances. With Type II additives, this effect was greater. The great difference in acid binding capacity between the pre-starter diet and the feed mix was due to the high protein and mineral contents. The development in the weight, feed consumption and feed conversion of the piglets, during the whole experiment, is shown in the following Table V: Table V: Weights in life, daily gains, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate throughout the experiment (day 1 to 42) a, b, c significantly different means (P <005; SNK test) * • significantly different from group 1 (= negative control) by Dunßti test (P <0.05).

With a real life weight of 6.7 kg. , the same for each group, the piglets won with the new additives, 22.5 kg. During the whole experiment in 42 days. For the rest, the animals of the negative control group gained only 20.0 kg. And those to whom pure formic acid was added, gained 22.0 kg. Despite this, Group 8 (1.95% of the Type II additive), gained significantly more weight than those of Group 1. The highest daily gains in weight by 16 to 17%, during the whole experiment, were only observed with the highest doses of the new additive. The feed conversion rate was remarkably better with the additives in the feed, especially with 1.95% of Type I (group) or 1.30% and 1.95% of Type II additives (groups 7 and 8), respectively. Both Types I and II proved to be more effective than pure formic acid.

Example 4 As for the two separate experimental periods (see Table VI), it was found that the new additives were more efficient within the preinitiator food (day 1 to 21), according to the growth between 6.5 and 16 kg. , that within the consecutive fattening feed (days 22-42). With the average daily gains during the first period, being 20% higher with the additives of Type II and 13% higher with those of Type I, compared with those of group 1, without additives. Especially, Type II achieved an even greater advantage than with the addition of pure formic acid.

Table VI: Living weights, daily gains, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate during the two experimental periods (day 1 to 21) a, b: significantly different means (P <0.05; SNK test) significantly different from group 1 (= negative control) by Dunßti test (P <0.05) Additionally, to the performance data, the percentage frequency (days of diarrhea X 100 / number of animals / days of the experiment) where it was calculated for the piglets, with the following results: Group Supplement Frequency of diarrhea 1 none 8.2% 2 0.85% formic acid 6.7% 3 0.65% additive Type I 8.7% 4 1.30 additive Type I 6.6% 5 1.30 * Additive Type I 6.3% 6 1.30 * Additive Type II 8.4% - ~ 7 1.30 * of additive Type II 5.8% 8 1.30 * of additive Type II 5.4% As can be seen in this experiment, the frequency of diarrhea was, in fact, very low. Mainly, minor cases of diarrhea were observed, which often happens to piglets when they feed improvised. This showed a tendency to lower the frequency of diarrhea, with high doses of new additives, especially with Type II additives.

Example 5 This example shows the results of the tests made with slaughter pigs. The tests consisted of the application of four different foods, the first called "standard food" 1 the following composition: "Standard food" pÉfil Barley 78.78 Soy flour 10.00 Turnip flour, Cañola 8.00 Lime flour 1.50 Monocalcium phosphate 1.00 Salt (Sodium chloride) 0.50 Micro minerals 0.04 _-Vitamins 0.03 L-Licina 0.15 The following foods were used: Group 1. Standard food.

Group 2. Standard food + Ca / Na formates 50/50 corresponding to 1% formic acid. Group 3. Standard food + 1% pure formic acid. Group 4. Standard food + Type II additive, corresponding to 1% formic acid.

Table VII With these tests it is demonstrated that the new additive and the food according to the present invention, improves the feed conversion and the relation between the meat and the lard of the killing pigs, even relative to the formic acid. From the previous experiments it can be seen that the new additives, are suitable to stimulate growth and mainly to improve the feed conversion rate, especially during the pre-starter period. There were no significant differences between the two additives, but it seemed necessary to apply higher doses of Type I to achieve the same efficiency as Type II additives. The influence on the frequency of diarrhea, proved to be slightly positive, with the application of the new additives. It is noted that, with regard to this date, the best method known by the requested, to carry out the present invention, is that which is clear from the present, discovering the invention. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (6)

1. An additive of animal feed, containing diformates, characterized in that the additive contains from 20 to 99% by weight of potassium diformate, from 0 to 50% by weight of di / tetraformiate of sodium, from 0 to 25% by weight of formate of calcium and from 0 to 5% by weight of water.

2. The animal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive contains from 0 to 4% by weight of desiccant.

The animal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive contains from 20 to 60% by weight of potassium diformate, from 20 to 50% by weight of sodium di / tetraformiate, from 0 to 25 % by weight of calcium formate, from 1 to 4% by weight of desiccant and from 0 to 5% by weight of water.

The animal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive contains from 60 to 99% by weight of potassium diformate, from 0 to 25% by weight of calcium formate, from 1 to 4% by weight. - Desiccant weight and from 0 to 4% by weight of water.

The animal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is an aqueous solution containing a concentration of 55 to 70% by weight of potassium diformate and / or sodium.

6. The animal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed contains from 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of the additives according to claims 1 to 5.