MD3193B2 - Process for thermochemical gasification of carboniferous raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

Inventia se refera la tehnologia chimica a combustibililor, in particular la gazificarea materiei prime ce contine carbon, si poate fi utilizata in domeniile chimiei, combustibililor si energeticii. Procedeul de gazificare termochimica a materiei prime ce contine carbon, care se realizeaza intr-un reactor-gazificator de tip mina avand amplasate desus in jos zonele: de incarcare cu camera cu ecluza, de gazificare, de ardere si de evacuare a reziduurilor de cenusa si zgura, include incarcarea materiei prime in camera cu ecluza si formarea in reactorul-gazificator a unui strat de materie prima permeabil la gaz, initierea procesului de ardere amateriei prime, arderea materiei prime si mentinerea regimurilor de ardere si de gazificare a acesteia, captarea din zona de gazificare, alaturata zonei de incarcare, a produsului-gaz, debitarea in zona de ardere a insuflarii de aer cu vapori prin reziduul de cenusa si zgura si evacuarea din zona de ardere a reziduului de cenusa si zgura. In camera cu ecluza, prin incalzire indirecta, materia prima este supusa uscarii pana la umiditatea de 3...7%, in zona de ardere se mentine temperatura de 1350...1700°C, insuflarea aerului cu vapori se efectueaza ciclic sub presiunea de 0,10…0,14 MPa, amestecul de abur si gaz format in procesul uscarii materiei prime din camera cu ecluza se debiteaza ciclic in zona de gazificare, gazificarea se efectueazala o rarefiere de 0,030…0,045 MPa si temperatura de 1800…2300°C, iar mentinerea regimurilor de ardere si de gazificare se asigura prin reglarea insuflarii aerului cu vapori, debitarea amestecului de abur si gaz, evacuarea reziduurilor de cenusa si zgura si incarcarea pe portii a materiei prime. Totodata, stratul de materie prima in reactorul-gazificator se formeaza cu joc fata de peretii acestuia, iar debitarea amestecului de abur si gaz in zonade gazificare si evacuarea produsului-gaz din zona de gazificare se efectueaza tangential. In plus,in amestecul de abur si gaz, evacuat din camera cu ecluza, se injecteaza apa. Rezultatul consta in posibilitatea gazificarii oricarei materii prime ce contine carbon cu umiditatea de pana la 65% si cu un continut de material ignifug de pana la 50%. Produsul-gaz nu contine componente nocive ecologic: dioxine, dioxizi, furani.The invention relates to the chemical technology of fuels, in particular to the gasification of the raw material containing carbon, and can be used in the fields of chemistry, fuels and energy. The process of thermo-chemical gasification of the carbon-containing raw material, which is carried out in a mine-type gasification reactor having located downstream the areas: loading with the locking chamber, gasification, combustion and evacuation of ash residues and slag, includes the loading of the raw material in the chamber with the lock and the formation in the gasifier reactor of a layer of gas permeable raw material, the initiation of the process of burning the raw material, the burning of the raw material and maintaining the combustion and gasification regimes thereof, the capture from the area. of gasification, next to the loading area, of the gas product, the cutting in the combustion zone of the steam air supply through the ash and slag residue and the evacuation from the combustion area of the ash and slag residue. In the locking room, by indirect heating, the raw material is subjected to drying up to the humidity of 3 ... 7%, in the combustion zone the temperature is maintained at 1350 ... 1700 ° C, the vapor air is blown cyclically under pressure of 0.10 ... 0.14 MPa, the mixture of steam and gas formed in the drying process of the raw material in the locking chamber is cyclically cut in the gasification area, the gasification is performed with a reduction of 0.030 ... 0.045 MPa and the temperature of 1800 ... 2300 ° C, and the maintenance of the combustion and gasification regimes is ensured by regulating the blowing of air with vapors, the cutting of the mixture of steam and gas, the evacuation of the ash and slag residues and the loading on the gates of the raw material. At the same time, the layer of raw material in the gasifier reactor is formed with play against its walls, and the flow of the mixture of steam and gas in gasification zones and the evacuation of the gas-product from the gasification area is performed tangentially. In addition, in the mixture of steam and gas, evacuated from the room with the lock, water is injected. The result is the possibility of gasification of any raw material containing carbon with humidity up to 65% and with a flame retardant content of up to 50%. The gas product does not contain ecologically harmful components: dioxins, dioxides, furans.