JPS6275552A - Image forming method - Google Patents

Image forming method

Info

Publication number
JPS6275552A
JPS6275552A JP60214983A JP21498385A JPS6275552A JP S6275552 A JPS6275552 A JP S6275552A JP 60214983 A JP60214983 A JP 60214983A JP 21498385 A JP21498385 A JP 21498385A JP S6275552 A JPS6275552 A JP S6275552A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
magnetic
developing
brush
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP60214983A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2537343B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroyuki Suematsu
末松 浩之
Masayoshi Shimamura
正良 嶋村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP60214983A priority Critical patent/JP2537343B2/en
Publication of JPS6275552A publication Critical patent/JPS6275552A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2537343B2 publication Critical patent/JP2537343B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an excellent developed image with high developing efficiency by forming a magnetic brush in such a manner that magnetic particles exists therein in a specific amt. and developing the latent image while moving a non-magnetic toner back and forth in a developing region. CONSTITUTION:A compd. A has the electrostatic charge characteristic reverse from the toner and provides the intrinsic electrostatic charge to the toner. A compd. B controls the excessive electrostatic charge of the toner and magnetic particles. The pulverous particles of the compd. A part slightly from the toner and play the role of intensifying the electrostatic charge of the toner in terms of a carrier, if the compd. A making large contribution to the charge of the toner is held in the form of pulverous particles in the toner. The coated amt. of the magnetic particles on the sleeve surface on the down stream side of a non-magnetic blade 24 is held at a small amt. of about 5-100mg/cm<2> in order to make substantial use of both the magnetic brush and sleeve 22 surface. The developing brush 51 is held in the finely but vigorously oscillated state by an alternating electric field, by which the fogging toner excessively sticking to a latent image holding body 3 is removed therefrom. The toner is made easily removable from the brush 51 and easily suppliable to the body 3. The image density is improved as well.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野」 本発明は乾式現像剤を用いてトナー保持部材4mに少量
の磁性粒子のブラシを形成して現像に供するための現像
方法に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a developing method for forming a brush of a small amount of magnetic particles on a toner holding member 4m using a dry developer for development.

[従来の技術] 従来、乾式現像方式としては各種方法が提案され又実用
化されている。
[Prior Art] Various methods have been proposed and put into practical use as dry developing methods.

例えば、2成分系現像剤を用いた現像方法では現像ロー
ラー北に塗布された該現像剤によって潜像の画像部を現
像する場合、現像剤中のトナーは、現像ローラー上に塗
布された現像剤の四散パーセント以下しか使用していな
い。このことは現像器構成から考慮して非常に効率の悪
いものである。なぜならば所定の十分な現像濃度を得る
ために多量の現像剤を現像ローラーが回転毎に現像ロー
ラー−にに一定量かつトナー濃度を均一にして塗布する
必要があるためである。このため現像器構成を大型化・
複雑化していた。もちろんこの種の現像方式においても
現像効率の向上は試みられた。たとえば本出願人は特開
昭55−32060.55−133058.513−7
0560を提案し、珪ッNP 8500複写機に実用化
されている。これによれば、現像濃度をあげることがで
き、現像効率をL昇することができるものの、画像部に
おいて100%に近い現像効率を達成するには至らず、
この種の現像方式は未だ改gの余地を残している。
For example, in a developing method using a two-component developer, when an image area of a latent image is developed with the developer applied to the north side of the developing roller, the toner in the developer is transferred to the developer applied on the developing roller. Only less than 4% of the total amount is used. This is extremely inefficient considering the structure of the developing device. This is because, in order to obtain a predetermined and sufficient development density, it is necessary to apply a large amount of developer to the developing roller each time the developing roller rotates in a constant amount and at a uniform toner density. For this reason, the developer configuration has been made larger and
It was getting complicated. Of course, attempts have been made to improve the development efficiency in this type of development system as well. For example, the applicant of the present invention
0560, which has been put into practical use in the Keitsu NP 8500 copying machine. According to this, although it is possible to increase the development density and increase the development efficiency by L, it is not possible to achieve a development efficiency close to 100% in the image area.
This type of developing method still leaves room for improvement.

現像効率の向上という点では1成分現像方法の方が2成
分現像方法よりも優れている。その中でも特に本出願人
が光に出願した、特開昭54−43037では、現像ロ
ーラー−Eに200μm以下のトナー薄層を形成し、ス
リーブ上に塗布したトナーを画像部においてほぼ100
%に近い現像効率で現像している。このため現像器構成
を小型化・簡略化して実用化することができた。これは
現像ローラー上に200 p、ra以下という薄層を形
成することができたため達成されたものである。しかし
、■成分現像、2成分現像いずれの現像方式においても
乾式現像剤の薄層を形成することは極めて難かしく、こ
のため1成分現像においても本出願人以外は比較的厚い
層の形成で現像装置を構成している。画質の点からも現
像画像の鮮明度、解像力、等の向上が求められている現
在、乾式現像剤の薄層形成方法及びその装置に関する開
発は必須となっている。
A one-component developing method is superior to a two-component developing method in terms of improving development efficiency. Among these, in particular, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-43037, which the present applicant applied to Hikari, a thin toner layer of 200 μm or less is formed on the developing roller-E, and the toner applied on the sleeve is applied to approximately 100 μm in the image area.
% development efficiency. For this reason, the structure of the developing device could be downsized and simplified for practical use. This was achieved because a thin layer of 200 p, ra or less could be formed on the developing roller. However, in both component development and two-component development, it is extremely difficult to form a thin layer of dry developer, and for this reason, even in one-component development, companies other than the applicant are developing by forming a relatively thick layer. configuring the device. At present, there is a need to improve the clarity, resolution, etc. of developed images in terms of image quality, and it is essential to develop a method for forming a thin layer of a dry developer and an apparatus therefor.

ところで、上述の本出願人の方法は、磁性トナーの薄層
形成に関するものであった。磁性トナーは磁性を持たせ
るためトナー内に磁性体を内添しなければならず、これ
は転写紙に転写した現像像を熱定着する際の定着性の悪
さ、トナー自身に磁性体を内添するため(磁性体は通常
黒色である)そのカラー再現の際の色彩の悪さ等の問題
点がある。
Incidentally, the above-mentioned method of the present applicant relates to the formation of a thin layer of magnetic toner. To make magnetic toner magnetic, a magnetic material must be added inside the toner. Because of this (magnetic materials are usually black), there are problems such as poor color reproduction during color reproduction.

このため非磁性トナーの薄層形成方式としてビーバーの
毛のような柔いLを円筒状のブラシにして、これにトナ
ーを付着塗布する方法や1表面がベルベット等の繊維で
作られた現像ローラーにドクターブレード等により塗布
する方式が提案されている。
For this reason, methods for forming a thin layer of non-magnetic toner include using a cylindrical brush made of soft L like beaver hair and adhering the toner to it, and using a developing roller whose surface is made of fibers such as velvet. A method of applying with a doctor blade or the like has been proposed.

しかしながら、上記繊維ブラシにドクターブレードとし
て弾性体ブレードを使用した場合、トナー量の規制は可
能であるが、均一な塗布は行われず、現像ローラーLの
繊維ブラシを摺擦するだけで、ブラシの庫雄間に存在す
るトナーへの摩擦帯電電化賦テは行われないため、かぶ
り等の発生しやすい問題点があった。
However, when an elastic blade is used as a doctor blade for the above-mentioned fiber brush, it is possible to regulate the amount of toner, but uniform application is not achieved, and the brush storage is reduced by simply rubbing the fiber brush of the developing roller L. Since the toner existing between the toner particles is not triboelectrically charged, there is a problem in that fogging and the like are likely to occur.

又、磁性トナーは磁力を利用してトナーの飛散を防1ト
することが容易にできるが、非磁性トナーは磁力を利用
することができず、トナーの機内飛散を生じやすかった
。上述の不都合な点は、コピ一時のみならず、装置の搬
送時にも振動や衝撃がゲえられた場合にも生じるもので
あった。
Further, magnetic toner can easily prevent the toner from scattering by using magnetic force, but non-magnetic toner cannot utilize magnetic force and is likely to cause toner scattering inside the machine. The above-mentioned disadvantages occur not only during copying but also when vibrations or shocks are generated during transport of the apparatus.

本件出願人はL述の従来方法と全く異なる現像装置とし
て、非磁性トナーと磁性粒子を用い、トナー担持部材に
対向して磁性粒子拘束部材を設け、該保持部材表面の移
動方向に関し、磁性粒子拘束部材の上流に磁界発生f段
の磁気力によって磁性粒子−の磁気ブラシを形成し、磁
性粒子拘束部材によって磁気ブラシを拘束し、非磁性ト
ナーの薄層をトナー保持部材ヒに形成する方法を既に提
案した(特開昭58−143380 )。この方法によ
り、現像部において潜像保持体とトナー担持体との間隙
をトナ一層厚よりも広く設定し、交番電解を印加するこ
とによって潜像保持体表面に非磁性トナー現像画像を得
る方法を実用化した。これにより、現像効率が極めてた
かく、小型・部製な現像器構成でカラー現像像を得るこ
とができる様になった。特に2成分磁気ブラシ摺擦現像
において、ベタ画像部に発生する摺擦跡が無く良質のベ
タ画像が得られたのである。しかし、さらに現像画質の
改善5例えば階調性をさらに良くする現像方式の開発が
望まれていた。
The present applicant has developed a developing device that is completely different from the conventional method described in L, using non-magnetic toner and magnetic particles, and providing a magnetic particle restraining member opposite to the toner carrying member. A method is provided in which a magnetic brush of magnetic particles is formed by the magnetic force of a magnetic field generation stage f upstream of a restraining member, the magnetic brush is restrained by the magnetic particle restraining member, and a thin layer of non-magnetic toner is formed on the toner holding member. This has already been proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-143380). According to this method, a non-magnetic toner developed image is obtained on the surface of the latent image carrier by setting the gap between the latent image carrier and the toner carrier in the developing section to be wider than the thickness of one toner layer, and applying alternating electrolysis. It has been put into practical use. As a result, the developing efficiency is extremely high, and it has become possible to obtain color developed images with a compact and compact developing device configuration. In particular, in the two-component magnetic brush rubbing development, a high-quality solid image was obtained without any rubbing marks occurring in the solid image area. However, it has been desired to develop a developing method that further improves the developed image quality, for example, further improves the gradation.

[発明が解決しようとする問題点] 本発明は上述の従来の事情に鑑みなされたもので、現像
効率が極めてたかくかつ、従来現像方式に世るとも劣ら
ない現像画像を得ることができる現像方式の提供を特徴
とする 特に本発明のまたる目的は、高温高湿、低温低湿Tの特
殊な条件下においても、安定した画像を形成する簡便な
画像形成方法を提供することにある。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and provides a development method that has extremely high development efficiency and can obtain developed images comparable to those of conventional development methods. A further object of the present invention is to provide a simple image forming method that forms stable images even under special conditions of high temperature and high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity.

U問題点を解決するための1段及び作用J即ち本発明の
特徴は、潜像を保持するための潜像保持体と対向する現
像剤担持体の現像領域で。
The first stage and action J for solving the problem U, that is, the feature of the present invention is the development area of the developer carrier facing the latent image holder for holding the latent image.

現像剤担持体と潜像保持体との間に交番電界を付与しな
がら潜像を非磁性トナーで現像する画像形成方法におい
て、該非磁性トナーが、摩擦帯電系列において上記現像
剤保持部材表面を基準にしてトナーと逆方向に位置する
化合物Aの微粒子を保持し、摩擦帯電系列上において前
記化合物Aとトナーとの間に位置する化合物Bにより処
理されている磁性粒子で現像剤担持体の現像領域に、該
磁性粒子の存在量が5〜100!1g/c112 とな
るように磁気ブラシを形成し、現像領域で潜像保持体と
現像剤相持体表面および現像剤担持体表面に形成されて
いる該磁気ブラシ表面との間で非磁性トナーを往復させ
ながらWr像を現像する画像形成方法にある。
In an image forming method in which a latent image is developed with a non-magnetic toner while applying an alternating electric field between a developer-bearing member and a latent-image holding member, the non-magnetic toner is applied with reference to the surface of the developer-holding member in a triboelectrification series. The development area of the developer carrier is made of magnetic particles that hold fine particles of compound A located in the opposite direction to the toner, and are treated with compound B that is located between the compound A and the toner on the triboelectrostatic series. A magnetic brush is formed so that the magnetic particles exist in an amount of 5 to 100!1 g/c112, and are formed on the surface of the latent image carrier, the developer carrier, and the developer carrier in the development area. The image forming method involves developing a Wr image while reciprocating non-magnetic toner between the surface of the magnetic brush and the surface of the magnetic brush.

ここで言う非磁性トナーとは、外部磁界5oooije
で、10etxμ/g以下の磁化しか示さない、実質的
に磁性トナーとして挙動できないトナーを指す。
The non-magnetic toner mentioned here refers to
This refers to a toner that exhibits magnetization of 10 etxμ/g or less and cannot substantially behave as a magnetic toner.

また、ここで言う現像領域とは、現像剤担持体りにおい
て、潜像保持体と現像剤担持体との最近接部位を中心と
した10mm程度の領域をさす。
Further, the development area referred to herein refers to an area of about 10 mm on the developer carrier centered on the closest portion between the latent image carrier and the developer carrier.

本発明者らは、本件出願人が前記特開昭58−1433
60を提案後、その改良について鋭意研究した結果、現
像部において、明確な現像磁極を形成が主としてスリー
ブ表面との間で行なわれるため、実質的にスリーブ表面
積を増大させること、等によりトナーへの摩擦帯電性の
安定化、スリーブ上へのトナー供給の安定化、階調性・
均−性簿の画質の向上などが達成されることを見い出し
たのである。さらに、本発明において用いられる磁性粒
子と非磁性トナーとの組み合わせは1本現像方式に適用
するに及んで、環境変動、特に高温高湿、低温低湿とい
う特殊な環境への変動に対しても良好な画像を、安定し
て提供する効果を生むことを見い出した。
The present inventors believe that the applicant of the present invention
After proposing 60, as a result of intensive research on its improvement, it was found that in the developing section, a clear developing magnetic pole is mainly formed between the sleeve surface, so by substantially increasing the sleeve surface area, etc., it is possible to improve the toner Stabilization of triboelectrification, stabilization of toner supply onto the sleeve, gradation and
It was discovered that the image quality of the uniformity book could be improved. Furthermore, when the combination of magnetic particles and non-magnetic toner used in the present invention is applied to a single development system, it is well resistant to environmental changes, especially changes in special environments such as high temperature and high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity. We have discovered that this method has the effect of stably providing images of the highest quality.

その詳細なメカニズムについては、未だ完全に明らかと
はなっていないが、これまでの実験事実より概ね以下の
如く推定されている。
Although the detailed mechanism is not yet completely clear, it is generally estimated as follows based on experimental facts to date.

即ち、化合物Aはトナーと逆の帯電特性を有するがため
、トナーに本来の帯電を付与する段層をもち、化合物B
は、トナーと磁性粒子との過度の帯′ikを制御し、あ
る程度の離型効果を発揮するものと考えられる。よって
、化合物AとBとの量比を適宜操作することで、現像剤
全体としての付着性−離型性のバランスを制御できる。
That is, since compound A has charging characteristics opposite to that of the toner, it has a step layer that imparts the original charge to the toner, and compound B
It is believed that this controls excessive banding between the toner and the magnetic particles and exerts a mold release effect to some extent. Therefore, by appropriately controlling the ratio of the compounds A and B, the balance between adhesion and releasability of the developer as a whole can be controlled.

特に高温高湿・低温低湿という特殊な条件下では、トナ
ーと磁性粒子−との帯電性が微妙に変化するため、多少
の画像反射濃度の変動、カブリの増加笠の問題が発生す
る場合がある。そこで、トナーの帯電への寄与の大きい
化合物Aを微粒子としてトナーに保持させておくと、化
合物Aの微粒子はある環境ではトナーからやや離れてキ
ャリア的にトナーの帯電を強化する役目を果たし、又別
の環境では、トナー11体に密着しているがために、ト
ナーの帯電性には関ケしない、というように、トナーL
1体−磁性粒子間にあって、適度な帯電調節剤となって
いると考えられるのである。
Particularly under special conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity, the charging properties of toner and magnetic particles change slightly, which may cause slight fluctuations in image reflection density and increased fog. . Therefore, if Compound A, which makes a large contribution to the charging of the toner, is retained in the toner as fine particles, the fine particles of Compound A may move away from the toner in certain environments and act as a carrier to strengthen the charging of the toner. In another environment, the toner L is in close contact with the toner 11 body and is not concerned with the toner's chargeability.
It is thought that it exists between the magnetic particles and serves as an appropriate charge control agent.

以F、実施例に沿って、本現像方式を説明する。第1図
は、本発明に係る一実施例である。第1因において、3
は潜像保持部材、2Iはトナー供給容器、22は非磁性
スリーブ、23は同定磁石、24は非磁性ブレード、2
6は磁性粒子循環域限定部材、27は磁性粒子、28は
非磁性トナー、29は現像剤抽集容器部、30は飛散防
止部材、31は磁性部材、32は現像領域、34はバイ
アス電源を示す。スリーブ22は、b方向に回転し、そ
れに伴い、磁性粒子−27はC方向に循環する。それに
よってスリーブ面と磁性粒子層との接触・摺擦が起こり
、スリーブ面上に非磁性トナ一層が形成される。又、磁
性粒子は、C方向に循環しつつも、その一部が、非磁性
プレート24とスリーブ22との間隙によって所定量に
規制され、非磁性トナ一層にに塗布される。即ち非磁性
トナーは、スリーブ表面と、磁性粒子表面との両方に塗
布される構成となり、実質的にスリーブ表面積を増大し
たのと同等の効果が示される。
Hereinafter, the present developing method will be explained along with examples. FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention. In the first cause, 3
2I is a latent image holding member, 2I is a toner supply container, 22 is a non-magnetic sleeve, 23 is an identification magnet, 24 is a non-magnetic blade, 2
6 is a magnetic particle circulation area limiting member, 27 is a magnetic particle, 28 is a non-magnetic toner, 29 is a developer extraction container section, 30 is a scattering prevention member, 31 is a magnetic member, 32 is a developing area, and 34 is a bias power source. show. The sleeve 22 rotates in the b direction, and the magnetic particles 27 circulate in the c direction accordingly. This causes contact and rubbing between the sleeve surface and the magnetic particle layer, and a single layer of non-magnetic toner is formed on the sleeve surface. Further, while the magnetic particles circulate in the C direction, a part of them is regulated to a predetermined amount by the gap between the nonmagnetic plate 24 and the sleeve 22, and is applied to the nonmagnetic toner in a single layer. That is, the non-magnetic toner is applied to both the sleeve surface and the magnetic particle surface, and the effect is substantially the same as that of increasing the sleeve surface area.

又、現像領域32においては、固定磁石23の磁極の1
つを潜像面に対向させることにより、明確な現像極を形
成し、交番電界によってスリーブL及び磁性粒子からト
ナーを飛翔現像する。(この現象については後述する。
In addition, in the developing area 32, one of the magnetic poles of the fixed magnet 23
By arranging one to face the latent image surface, a clear development pole is formed, and the toner is developed by flying from the sleeve L and the magnetic particles by an alternating electric field. (This phenomenon will be discussed later.

)現像後磁性粒子及び未現像トナーはスリーブの回転と
共に現像容器内に回収される。
) After development, the magnetic particles and undeveloped toner are collected into the developer container as the sleeve rotates.

スリーブ22は紙筒や合成樹脂の円筒でもよいが、これ
ら円筒の表面を導′1シ処理するか、アルミニウム・真
ちゅう・ステンレス鋼等の導電体で構成すると現像電極
ローラーとして用いることができる。
The sleeve 22 may be a paper tube or a cylinder made of synthetic resin, but if the surface of the cylinder is treated with a conductive material or made of a conductive material such as aluminum, brass, or stainless steel, it can be used as a developing electrode roller.

本発明での非磁性ブレード24の下流側スリーブ表面で
の磁性粒子の塗布量は、磁気ブラシとスリーブ22表面
の両者を充分活用するためには5〜100mg/c+s
2 、好ましくは10〜80B/cm2程度の少量であ
ることが望ましい。前記スリーブ表面との磁性粒子の存
在量が多すぎる場合、非磁性ブレード24による規制力
が弱まり、スリーブと磁性粒子の摺擦力が低−ドしてし
まい、トナーへの帯電材ケを滑らかに行なうことができ
ない。更に、トナーの飛翔現像時に磁性粒子−も同様に
飛翔してしまい、潜像保持体3上に付着してしまう欠点
がある。反対に磁性粒子の現像領域32におけるスリー
ブ表面の存在量が少なすぎる場合、現像領域へのトナー
の塗布量が低下し、濃淡ムラや画像濃度低下を生じてし
まう。スリーブ表面上の磁性粒子の存在量は主にスリー
ブ22との間隙、固定磁石23のN1極の位置、S1極
の磁力密度等によって調整できる。
In the present invention, the amount of magnetic particles applied on the sleeve surface on the downstream side of the non-magnetic blade 24 is 5 to 100 mg/c+s in order to fully utilize both the magnetic brush and the sleeve 22 surface.
2, preferably a small amount of about 10 to 80 B/cm2. If the amount of magnetic particles existing on the sleeve surface is too large, the regulating force by the non-magnetic blade 24 will be weakened, and the sliding force between the sleeve and the magnetic particles will be reduced, making it difficult to smoothly transfer the charged material to the toner. I can't do it. Furthermore, there is a drawback that magnetic particles also fly during toner flying development and adhere to the latent image holding member 3. On the other hand, if the amount of magnetic particles present on the sleeve surface in the development area 32 is too small, the amount of toner applied to the development area decreases, resulting in uneven density and a decrease in image density. The amount of magnetic particles present on the sleeve surface can be adjusted mainly by the gap with the sleeve 22, the position of the N1 pole of the fixed magnet 23, the magnetic density of the S1 pole, etc.

本発明における磁性粒子の存在量の測定法を下記に述べ
る。まず、スリーブ上に磁性粒子のみによる磁気ブラシ
を形成し現像領域に相当する部分の磁性粒子を円筒つ紙
をフィルターとして吸引し、その重さM(mg)を測定
した。次に磁性粒子の吸引された後のスリーブ上の残り
の磁性粒子を透明な粘着テープでサンプリングし、吸引
された磁性粒子の占有面積S(cm2)を求めた。磁性
粒子の存在量m (mg/cm2 )を下記の如く算出
した。
The method for measuring the amount of magnetic particles in the present invention will be described below. First, a magnetic brush made of only magnetic particles was formed on the sleeve, and the magnetic particles in a portion corresponding to the development area were sucked using a cylindrical paper as a filter, and the weight M (mg) of the brush was measured. Next, the remaining magnetic particles on the sleeve after the magnetic particles were attracted were sampled using a transparent adhesive tape, and the occupied area S (cm2) of the attracted magnetic particles was determined. The amount m (mg/cm2) of magnetic particles present was calculated as follows.

m = M / S 点25位置における非磁性ブレート24の先端部と現像
スリーブ22面との前記間隙間隔dは50〜700牌m
、好ましくは100〜600μmである。この間隔dが
50ILrMより小さいと、後述する磁性粒子が詰まり
、スリーブを傷つける欠点がある。また700 p、r
sより大きいと、後述する非磁性トナー及び磁性粒子が
多量に漏れ出して、薄層が形成できなくなる。
m = M / S The gap d between the tip of the non-magnetic plate 24 and the surface of the developing sleeve 22 at the point 25 position is 50 to 700 m.
, preferably 100 to 600 μm. If this distance d is smaller than 50 ILrM, there is a drawback that magnetic particles, which will be described later, become clogged and damage the sleeve. Also 700 p, r
If it is larger than s, a large amount of non-magnetic toner and magnetic particles (described later) will leak out, making it impossible to form a thin layer.

第1図で26は非磁性ブレード24の上面側に下面を接
触させ、前端面をアンダカット面とした磁性粒子循環域
限定部材である。
In FIG. 1, 26 is a magnetic particle circulation area limiting member whose lower surface is in contact with the upper surface of the non-magnetic blade 24 and whose front end surface is an undercut surface.

27、28はトナー供給容器21内に順次に収容した磁
性粒子−と非磁性トナーである。
Reference numerals 27 and 28 denote magnetic particles and non-magnetic toner which are sequentially accommodated in the toner supply container 21.

トナー供給容器21の底板は、トナー保持部材たる現像
スリーブ22の下方に延長位置させてトナーが外部に漏
れないようにしである。またこのトナーの外部への漏出
の防止をさらに確実ならしめるためにその延長底板の上
面に、漏出トナーを受は入れて拘束する漏出トナー捕集
容器部29と、延長底板の先端級長りに沿って飛散防止
部材30を配設しである。この部材30には後述する電
圧が印加されている。
The bottom plate of the toner supply container 21 is extended below the developing sleeve 22, which is a toner holding member, to prevent toner from leaking to the outside. In order to further ensure the prevention of toner leakage to the outside, a leaked toner collection container part 29 is provided on the upper surface of the extended bottom plate to receive and restrain the leaked toner, and a leaked toner collection container part 29 is provided along the length of the tip of the extended bottom plate. A scattering prevention member 30 is provided. A voltage, which will be described later, is applied to this member 30.

磁性粒子27は、一般にモ均粒径が30〜100 B。The magnetic particles 27 generally have an average particle diameter of 30 to 100 B.

好ましくは40〜801である。各磁性粒子は磁性材料
のみから成るものでも、磁性材料と非磁性材料との結合
体でもよいし、二種以上の磁性粒子の混合物でも良い、
そしてこの磁性粒子27を先ずはじめにトナー供給容器
21内に投入することにより、その磁性粒子27が容器
21内に臨んでいるスリーブ面領域、即ちスリーブ22
を配設したトナー供給容器21からの磁性粒子ないしは
トナーの漏出を防止するだめの磁性部材31から磁性粒
子拘束部材たる非磁性ブレート24の先端部までのスリ
ーブ面領域各部にスリーブ22内の磁石23による磁界
により吸着保持され磁性粒子層として該スリーブ面領域
を全体的に覆った状態となる。非磁性トナー28はL記
磁性粒子27の投入後容器21内に投入されることによ
り上記スリーブ22に対する第1層としての磁性粒子層
の外側に多量に貯溜して第2層として存在する。
Preferably it is 40-801. Each magnetic particle may be made of only a magnetic material, a combination of a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material, or a mixture of two or more types of magnetic particles.
By first putting the magnetic particles 27 into the toner supply container 21, the magnetic particles 27 are applied to the sleeve surface area facing into the container 21, that is, the sleeve 22.
The magnets 23 in the sleeve 22 are located at each part of the sleeve surface area from the magnetic member 31, which prevents the leakage of magnetic particles or toner from the toner supply container 21, to the tip of the non-magnetic plate 24, which is a magnetic particle restraining member. The magnetic particles are attracted and held by the magnetic field, and form a layer of magnetic particles that completely covers the sleeve surface area. When the non-magnetic toner 28 is put into the container 21 after the L magnetic particles 27 are added, a large amount of the non-magnetic toner 28 is stored outside the magnetic particle layer as the first layer with respect to the sleeve 22 and exists as a second layer.

F記最初に投入する磁性粒子27は、磁性粒子に対して
もともと約2〜70%(重量)の非磁性トナー28を含
むことが好ましいが、磁性粒子のみとしても良い。又磁
性粒子−27は−H上記スリーブ面領域に磁性粒子層と
して吸着保持されれば、装置振動や、装置をかなり大き
く傾けても実質的に片寄り流動してしまうことはなく、
上記スリーブ面領域を全体的に覆った状態が保持される
Although it is preferable that the magnetic particles 27 initially introduced in F include the non-magnetic toner 28 in an amount of about 2 to 70% (by weight) based on the magnetic particles, they may contain only magnetic particles. Furthermore, if the magnetic particles -27 are adsorbed and held as a magnetic particle layer on the -H sleeve surface area, they will not substantially flow to one side even if the device is vibrated or the device is tilted considerably.
The sleeve surface area is kept completely covered.

而して容器21内に上記のように磁性粒子27と非磁性
トナー28を順次に投入収容した状態に於て、磁石23
の磁極S2位置に対応するスリーブ表面付近の磁性粒子
層部分には磁極の強い磁界で磁性粒子の磁気ブラシが形
成されている。
When the magnetic particles 27 and the non-magnetic toner 28 are sequentially placed in the container 21 as described above, the magnet 23
A magnetic brush of magnetic particles is formed in the magnetic particle layer near the sleeve surface corresponding to the magnetic pole S2 position by the strong magnetic field of the magnetic pole.

又磁性粒子規制部材たる非磁性ブレード24の先端部近
傍部の磁性粒子層部分は、スリーブ22が矢印す方向に
回転駆動されても重力と磁気力及び非磁性ブレード24
の存在による効果に基づく規制力と、スリーブ22の移
動方向への搬送力との釣合によってスリーブ22表面の
点25位置で溜り、多少は動き得るが動きのにぷい静止
層を形成する。
In addition, even when the sleeve 22 is rotated in the direction of the arrow, the magnetic particle layer near the tip of the non-magnetic blade 24, which is a magnetic particle regulating member, is affected by gravity, magnetic force, and the non-magnetic blade 24.
Due to the balance between the regulating force based on the effect caused by the presence of the sleeve 22 and the conveyance force in the direction of movement of the sleeve 22, it accumulates at the point 25 on the surface of the sleeve 22, forming a stationary layer that can move to some extent but is difficult to move.

又スリーブ22を矢印す方向に回転させた時、磁極の配
置位置と磁性粒L27の流動性及び磁気特性を適宜選ぶ
ことによって、前記磁気ブラシは磁極S2の付近で矢印
C方向に循環し、′@環層を形成する。該循環層におい
て、スリーブ22に比較的近い磁性粒子分はスリーブ2
2の回転によって磁極s2近傍からスリーブの回転下流
側にある前記の静止層の上へ盛り上る。すなわちL部へ
押しLげる力を受ける。その押し上げられた磁性粒子分
は、非磁性ブレード24のL部に設けた磁性粒子循環域
限定部材26により、その′@環領領域上限を決められ
ているため、非磁性ブレード24.11へ乗り上がるこ
とはなく、重力によって落下し、再び磁極S2近傍へ戻
る。この場合スリーブ表面から遠くに位首するなどして
受ける押し上げ力の小さい磁性粒子分は、磁性粒子循環
域限定部材26に到達する前に落下する場合もある。つ
まり該循環層では重力と磁極による磁気力と摩擦力及び
磁性粒子の流動性(粘性)によって矢印Cの如く磁性粒
子の磁気ブラシの循環が行われ、磁気ブラシはこの循環
の際に磁性粒子層の上にあるトナ一層から非磁性トナー
28を逐次取込んで現像剤供給容器21内の下部に戻り
、以下スリーブ22の回転駆動に伴ないこの循環を繰返
す。
Furthermore, when the sleeve 22 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, by appropriately selecting the arrangement position of the magnetic pole and the fluidity and magnetic properties of the magnetic grains L27, the magnetic brush circulates in the direction of the arrow C in the vicinity of the magnetic pole S2. @ Forms a ring layer. In the circulation layer, the magnetic particles relatively close to the sleeve 22
2, it rises from the vicinity of the magnetic pole s2 onto the stationary layer on the downstream side of the rotation of the sleeve. In other words, it receives a force pushing it toward the L portion. The pushed-up magnetic particles move onto the non-magnetic blade 24.11 because the upper limit of the ring area is determined by the magnetic particle circulation area limiting member 26 provided at the L portion of the non-magnetic blade 24. It does not rise, but falls due to gravity and returns to the vicinity of the magnetic pole S2. In this case, magnetic particles that receive a small push-up force due to being positioned far from the sleeve surface may fall before reaching the magnetic particle circulation area limiting member 26. In other words, in the circulation layer, the magnetic brush of the magnetic particles is circulated as shown by arrow C due to the magnetic force and frictional force due to gravity and magnetic poles, and the fluidity (viscosity) of the magnetic particles. The non-magnetic toner 28 is sequentially taken in from the upper toner layer and returned to the lower part of the developer supply container 21, and this circulation is repeated as the sleeve 22 is rotated.

現像バイアス電圧34はプラス側、マイナス側のピーク
電圧が同じ交番電圧又はこの交番電圧に直流電圧を重畳
したものが使用できる。例えば暗部潜像電位−600V
、明部潜像電位−200vの静電潜像に対して、−例と
して、スリーブ22に直流電圧−300vを重畳して波
形のピーク電圧V、p300〜2000V、周波数20
0〜3000Hzの範囲で選択される交番電圧を印加し
、感光体ドラム3を設置電位に保持する。一般には、磁
気ブラシの電気抵抗は比較的高<(108ΩC1より大
)、この場合現像バイアスのピーク電圧中Vllllは
高い方がよく(例えLf800V以上)カッ周波数は8
00 Hz以−JH好マシくは800 Hz以上さらに
好ましくは1 kHzHz以上い方が充分濃度のある良
画質が得られた。しかし、Vppのみ高くても周波数が
低いと濃度は低く、良画質は得にくい。いずれにしても
、Vppl7)、h限は、現像部の間隙放電限界値で決
まり1下限はスリーブ上及び磁性粒子−上のトナーの飛
翔限界値で決められる。
As the developing bias voltage 34, an alternating voltage whose positive and negative peak voltages are the same, or a DC voltage superimposed on this alternating voltage can be used. For example, dark area latent image potential -600V
For an electrostatic latent image with a bright latent image potential of -200V, for example, by superimposing a DC voltage of -300V on the sleeve 22, the waveform peak voltage V, p300 to 2000V, frequency 20
An alternating voltage selected in the range of 0 to 3000 Hz is applied to maintain the photosensitive drum 3 at the set potential. Generally, the electrical resistance of the magnetic brush is relatively high (greater than 108ΩC1), and in this case, it is better to have a high Vllll during the peak voltage of the developing bias (for example, Lf800V or more), and the cut frequency is 8
00 Hz or less - JH Better image quality with sufficient density was obtained at 800 Hz or more, more preferably 1 kHz or more. However, even if only Vpp is high, if the frequency is low, the density is low and it is difficult to obtain good image quality. In any case, the Vppl7) and h limits are determined by the gap discharge limit value of the developing section, and the lower limit is determined by the toner flight limit value on the sleeve and on the magnetic particles.

現像磁気ブラシ全体の抵抗としては、潜像保持体lに現
像ブラシが接触した状態で現像ブラシの厚み方向の抵抗
が108ΩCrM以にであることが好ましい。
As for the overall resistance of the developing magnetic brush, it is preferable that the resistance in the thickness direction of the developing brush is 10 8 ΩCrM or more when the developing brush is in contact with the latent image holding member 1.

尚、本発明で述べている磁性粒子・磁気ブラシの抵抗値
とは、第1図に示す現像装置により、現像スリーブ22
とに5011g/crx2m性粒子の磁気ブラシを形成
し、これに対向して現像スリーブと間隙的3004Lm
を保った全屈ドラムを設け、これらと直列に約IMΩの
抵抗を接続した回路に、直1200 Vの電圧を印加し
たときに流れる電流値より算出して求めたものである。
Incidentally, the resistance value of the magnetic particles/magnetic brush mentioned in the present invention refers to the resistance value of the magnetic particles/magnetic brush when the developing device shown in FIG.
A magnetic brush of 5011g/crx2m particles is formed on the top, and a developing sleeve and a gap of 3004Lm are formed opposite to this.
It was calculated from the current value that flows when a voltage of 1200 V is directly applied to a circuit in which a fully bent drum that maintains a constant voltage is provided and a resistor of approximately IMΩ is connected in series with the drum.

以ド木発明に係る現像法につl/Xて現像部32での現
象を記述する。
The phenomenon in the developing section 32 will now be described with respect to the developing method according to the invention.

第2図、第3図は本発明に係る現像方法につ(1て現像
部の拡大説明図である。504ま層像保十7体七の11
0部の潜像電荷である。2Bは非磁性トナーである。3
4は直流成分を重畳した交番電圧電源である。第2図は
スリーブ22に交番電圧のプラス波形成分が加わった場
合で、第3図は交番電圧のマイナス波形成分が加わった
場合を示す。潜像電荷の極性はマイナス、現像剤の極性
はプラスとして示しである。
2 and 3 are enlarged explanatory views of the developing method (1) of the developing section according to the present invention.
0 parts latent image charge. 2B is a non-magnetic toner. 3
4 is an alternating voltage power source on which a DC component is superimposed. FIG. 2 shows a case in which a positive waveform component of an alternating voltage is applied to the sleeve 22, and FIG. 3 shows a case in which a negative waveform component of an alternating voltage is applied. The polarity of the latent image charge is shown as negative, and the polarity of the developer is shown as positive.

現像ブラシ51の抵抗が比較的大きい(約108ΩCf
f1より大)ため、現像ブラシ51目身の材質その他に
よる電荷の充放電時定数に依存して、現像ブラシ51に
はトナー28との摩擦帯電電荷もしくは鏡映電荷、潜像
保持体3トの潜像電界及び潜像保持体3とスリーブ22
間の交番電界によって注入される電荷が存在することに
なる。
The resistance of the developing brush 51 is relatively high (approximately 108ΩCf
Therefore, depending on the charging/discharging time constant of the charge due to the material of the eye of the developing brush 51 and other factors, the developing brush 51 has a frictional charge or a mirror charge with the toner 28, and a charge of the latent image carrier 3. Latent image electric field, latent image holder 3 and sleeve 22
There will be charge injected by the alternating electric field between.

潜像保持体3上の暗部の潜像電荷50による電界と交番
電界による電界とが一致したとき、現像ブラシ51には
スリーブ22方向に最大屈伏状態となる。
When the electric field due to the latent image charge 50 in the dark area on the latent image holder 3 matches the electric field due to the alternating electric field, the developing brush 51 is in the maximum bending state in the direction of the sleeve 22 .

潜像保持体3Lの潜像電荷による電界と交番電界による
′電界の方向が一致しないとき、現像ブラシ51の屈伏
は小さくなる。
When the directions of the electric field due to the latent image charge on the latent image holding member 3L and the electric field due to the alternating electric field do not match, the bending of the developing brush 51 becomes small.

いずれにせよL述の如く交番電界によって現像ブラシ5
1は微細な、しかし激しい振動状態となり、潜像保持体
上に余分に付着したカブリトナーは上記現像ブラシによ
って摺擦されて潜像保持体3から除去され、ブラシ上に
引き戻される。また、ブラシの上記振動により、トナー
はブラシ51から離脱し易くなり、潜像保持体3に供給
され易くなるから、画像濃度も向上する。また、ブラシ
51のに記振動によりブラシ51内でトナーがほぐされ
、これは画像濃度の向上やゴースト防止に寄手する。さ
らに、この振動状態が激しい場合、磁気ブラシの一部が
ブラシないしはスリーブ上から敲脱し、潜像保持体とス
リーブ表面との間で往復運動を発生する。この往復運動
するブラシの連動エネルギーは大きく、効率良く、と述
の振動による効果が期待される。以上の現像部での磁性
粒子の挙動は、高速度カメラで1秒間に8000コマの
高速度撮影の結果、観測された現象である。
In any case, as described in L, the developing brush 5 is
1 is in a state of minute but intense vibration, and the fog toner that has adhered excessively on the latent image holder is rubbed by the developing brush, removed from the latent image holder 3, and drawn back onto the brush. Further, due to the vibration of the brush, the toner is easily separated from the brush 51 and is easily supplied to the latent image holding member 3, so that the image density is also improved. Furthermore, the vibration of the brush 51 loosens the toner within the brush 51, which helps improve image density and prevent ghosting. Furthermore, if this vibration state is severe, a portion of the magnetic brush slips off from the brush or the sleeve, causing reciprocating motion between the latent image holder and the sleeve surface. The interlocking energy of this reciprocating brush is large and efficient, and the above-mentioned vibration effect is expected. The behavior of the magnetic particles in the developing section described above is a phenomenon observed as a result of high-speed photography at 8000 frames per second using a high-speed camera.

本発明に使用されるトナー塗布用磁性粒子としては、例
えば表面酸化または未酸化の鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、
マンカン、クロム、 Ri 、J= 類等の金属、及び
それらの合金または酸化物などが使用できる。又その製
造方法として特別な制約はない。
The magnetic particles for toner application used in the present invention include, for example, surface oxidized or unoxidized iron, nickel, cobalt,
Metals such as mankan, chromium, Ri, J=, alloys or oxides thereof, etc. can be used. Moreover, there are no special restrictions on the manufacturing method.

化合物A及びBとしては、トナー保持部材表面の材質及
びトナー材料により異なるが、例えばトナー保持部材と
してアルミニウム・ステンレス等の金属を用いる場合に
おいて、トナーが正荷電性であれば、化合物Aとしては
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン・モノクロロトリフルオロ
エチレン重合体・ポリフッ化ビニリデン・シリコーン樹
脂・ポリエステル樹脂・ジターシャリ−グチルサリチル
酸の金属錯体など、化合物Bとしてはスチレン系樹脂・
アクリル系樹脂・ポリアシド・シリコーン樹脂・ポリビ
ニルブチラールなどがあり、トナーが負荷電性であれば
、化合物Aとしては、ニグロシン・アミノアクリレート
樹脂・アクリル樹脂・塩基性染料及びそのレーキなど、
化合物Bとしてはスチレン系樹脂・シリコーン樹脂・ポ
リエステル樹脂などを用いるのが適当であるが、必ずし
もこれに制約されない。
Compounds A and B differ depending on the material of the surface of the toner holding member and the toner material, but for example, when using a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel as the toner holding member, if the toner is positively charged, compound A is polyamide. Compound B includes styrene resins, tetrafluoroethylene, monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone resins, polyester resins, metal complexes of ditertiary glutylsalicylic acid, etc.
There are acrylic resins, polyacids, silicone resins, polyvinyl butyral, etc. If the toner is negatively charged, Compound A includes nigrosine, aminoacrylate resins, acrylic resins, basic dyes and their lakes, etc.
As the compound B, it is appropriate to use styrene resin, silicone resin, polyester resin, etc., but the invention is not necessarily limited thereto.

一方、化合物Aをトナーに保持させるには、そのモ均粒
径を5gm以下、より好ましくはlpm以下のaR子に
することが望ましい。さらに、化合物Aのge′rL子
はトナー100重量部に対し0.01〜5重量部、より
好ましくは0.05〜2重量部保持させるのが良い。
On the other hand, in order to retain Compound A in the toner, it is desirable that its average particle size be 5 gm or less, more preferably lpm or less. Further, the amount of ge'rL of compound A is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the toner.

化合物Aの微粒子の形態及びトナーへの添加を、上記の
如く行なわない場合、本発明の目的を充分達成できない
場合が生じる。
If the form of fine particles of Compound A and the addition to the toner are not carried out as described above, the object of the present invention may not be fully achieved.

化合物Bの処理量は、総量で本発明の磁性粒子に対し0
.1〜30重量パーセント(好ましくは035〜20玉
量パーセント)が望ましい。また化合物による処理方法
としては、粉末で混合し、熱で溶融もしくは軟化せしめ
て磁性粒子に付着せしめる方法、溶剤に溶解もしくは懸
濁せしめて塗布し磁性粒子に付着せしめる方法等、従来
キャリアー粒子において公知の方法がいずれも適用でき
る。
The total amount of Compound B treated is 0 for the magnetic particles of the present invention.
.. 1 to 30 weight percent (preferably 0.35 to 20 ball weight percent) is desirable. Treatment methods using compounds include a method in which the compound is mixed as a powder and then melted or softened with heat to adhere to the magnetic particles, and a method in which the compound is dissolved or suspended in a solvent and applied and adhered to the magnetic particles, which are conventionally known for carrier particles. Either method can be applied.

次に本発明における摩擦帯電量の測定方法を述べる。ト
ナー及び磁性粒子の表面処理用物質は、実質り同一粒度
とみなせるように粉砕分級した。
Next, a method for measuring the amount of triboelectric charge in the present invention will be described. The surface treatment substances for toner and magnetic particles were pulverized and classified so that they could be considered to have substantially the same particle size.

その粒度としては、コールタ−カウンターによる411
定にて個数モ均9〜11ルm 1体積平均13〜15μ
m、8.35川m以下個数分布20%以下、20.2μ
mμm上一体積分布15%以ドとした。
The particle size is 411 by Coulter counter.
Average number of pieces 9 to 11 m per volume average 13 to 15 μm
m, 8.35 river m or less, number distribution 20% or less, 20.2μ
The volume distribution over mμm was set at 15% or more.

第4因が摩擦帯電量測定装置の説明図である。The fourth factor is an explanatory diagram of a frictional charge amount measuring device.

底に400メツシユ(磁性粒子の通過しない大きさに適
宜変更可能)の導電性スクリーン13のある金属製の測
定容器12に摩擦帯電量を測定しようとするトナー又は
上記磁性粒子の表面処理用物質と、200〜300メツ
シュ間の粒径の不定形鉄粉(日本鉄粉製EFV 200
7300.表面は未処理でトナー担持体と同様に、自ら
の摩擦帯電性は実質上ない)の重は比1:9の混合物(
現像剤)約4gを入れ金属製のフタ14をする。このと
きの測定容器2全体の電量を秤り冒+(g)とする。次
に、吸引機11(測定容器2と接する部分は少なくとも
絶縁体〕において、吸引017から吸引しHi、量調籠
弁1Bを調整して真空計15の圧力を?OmmHgとす
る。この状態で充分(約1分間)吸引を行ないトナー又
は磁性粒子の表面処理用物質を吸引除去する。このとき
の電位計19の電位をV(ボルト)とする。ここで18
はコンデンサーであり容量をC(ILF)とする。また
、吸引後の測定容器全体の電量を科りW2(g)とする
A metal measurement container 12 with a conductive screen 13 of 400 meshes (can be changed as appropriate to a size that does not allow magnetic particles to pass through) at the bottom is filled with the toner whose triboelectric charge is to be measured or the surface treatment substance for the magnetic particles. , amorphous iron powder with a particle size between 200 and 300 mesh (EFV 200 manufactured by Nippon Iron Powder)
7300. The surface is untreated and, like the toner carrier, has virtually no triboelectrification on its own).The weight of the mixture is 1:9 (
Add about 4 g of developer and close the metal lid 14. The amount of electricity in the entire measuring container 2 at this time is weighed and is defined as +(g). Next, in the suction device 11 (at least the part in contact with the measuring container 2 is an insulator), the suction 017 is set to Hi, and the volume control valve 1B is adjusted to set the pressure of the vacuum gauge 15 to ?OmmHg.In this state, Sufficient suction (about 1 minute) is performed to remove the toner or magnetic particle surface treatment substance.The potential of the electrometer 19 at this time is V (volt).Here, 18
is a capacitor and has a capacitance of C (ILF). In addition, the amount of electricity in the entire measurement container after suction is calculated and is defined as W2 (g).

このIJi!擦イ(?電量T(μcig)は五式の如く
計算される。
This IJi! The amount of electricity T (μcig) is calculated as shown in the following equation.

但し、測定条件は23℃、50%R)Iとする。However, the measurement conditions are 23° C. and 50% R)I.

一方、本発明に用いられるトナーの決着樹脂としては、
ポリスチレン、ポリp−クロルスチレン、ポリビニルト
ルエンなどのスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体;スチ
レン−p−クロルスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロピ
レン共重合体、スチレン−ビニルトルエン共重合体、ス
チレン−ビニルナフタリン共重合体、スチレン−アクリ
ル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エチル共正
合体、スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン
−アクリル酸オクチル共東合体、スチレン−メタクリル
酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エチル共重
合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共玉合体、スチレ
ン−アクリル−アミノアクリル系共重合体、スチレン−
アミノアクリル系共重合体、スチレン−αクロルメタク
リル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共
重合体、スチレン−ビニルメチルエーテル共重合体、ス
チレン−ビニルエチルエーテル共重合体、スチレンーヒ
ニルメチルケトン共ff! 合体、スチレ7−1 タシ
エン共重合体、スチレンーイソプレンへ重合体、ズチレ
ンーアクリロ羊トリルーインデ△ ン共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン
−マレイン酸エステル共重合体などのスチレン系残毛合
体;ポリメチルツタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレ
ート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレン
、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリ
アミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリア
クリル酩樹脂、ロジン変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェ
ノール樹脂、脂肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系
石油樹脂、塩素化パラフィン、パラフィンワンクスなど
が単独或いは混合して使用できる。
On the other hand, as the fixing resin for the toner used in the present invention,
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polystyrene, poly p-chlorostyrene, polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinyl naphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, Styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylic-aminoacrylic copolymer, styrene-
Aminoacrylic copolymer, styrene-alpha chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-hinyl methyl ketone copolymer ff! Coalescence, Styrene 7-1 Styrene copolymers, styrene-isoprene polymers, styrene-acrylic tolylene indene copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers, etc. Residual hair combination; polymethyl tsutacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic resin, rosin modified rosin, terpene resin , phenolic resins, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic petroleum resins, chlorinated paraffins, paraffin waxes, etc. can be used alone or in combination.

トナーにおいては、任意の適当な顔料や染料が着色剤と
して使用可能である。例えば、カーボンブラック、鉄黒
、フタロシアニンブルー、群冴、キナクリドン、ベンジ
ジンイエローなど公知の洗顔料がある。
Any suitable pigment or dye can be used as a colorant in the toner. For example, there are known facial cleansers such as carbon black, iron black, phthalocyanine blue, gunbae, quinacridone, and benzidine yellow.

また、荷電制′a剤としてアミン化合物、第4級アンモ
ニウム化合物および有機染料、特に塩基性染料とその塩
、ベンジルジメチル−ヘキサデシルアンモニウムクロラ
イト、デシル−トリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ニ
グロシン塩基、ニグロシンヒドロクロライド、サフラニ
ン・f及びクリスタルバイオレット、含金属染料、サリ
チル酸含金属化合物Tを添加しても良い。さらに本発明
の効果を妨げない程度に磁性粉を添加しても良い。
In addition, amine compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, organic dyes, especially basic dyes and their salts, benzyldimethyl-hexadecyl ammonium chlorite, decyl-trimethylammonium chloride, nigrosine base, nigrosine hydrochloride, Safranin F, crystal violet, metal-containing dye, and salicylic acid metal-containing compound T may be added. Furthermore, magnetic powder may be added to an extent that does not impede the effects of the present invention.

以1−のトナーの構成は、一般に行われている混合−粉
砕法によるトナーに用いても良いし、マイクロカプセル
トナーの壁材又は芯材あるいはその両方に用いることも
可能である。
The toner structure described in 1- above may be used for a toner produced by a commonly used mixing-pulverization method, or may be used for the wall material, core material, or both of the microcapsule toner.

し実施例] 以下実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。  
 −− 現像装置としては第1図に示したものを使用した。実施
例装置において感光体ドラム3は矢印a方向にBOmr
a/秒の周速度で回転する。22は矢印す方向に66m
m/秒の周速度で回転する外径32+++m、厚さ0.
8mmのステンレス(SUS 304)製のスリーブで
、その表面はaeooのアランダム砥粒を用いて不定型
サンドブラストを施し、周方向表面の粗面度を0.8集
m  (R7=)にした。
EXAMPLES] The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples below.
-- The developing device shown in FIG. 1 was used. In the embodiment device, the photoreceptor drum 3 moves BOmr in the direction of arrow a.
Rotates at a circumferential speed of a/sec. 22 is 66m in the direction of the arrow
Outer diameter 32+++m, thickness 0.5mm, rotating at a circumferential speed of m/s.
The sleeve was made of 8 mm stainless steel (SUS 304), and its surface was subjected to amorphous sandblasting using aeoo alundum abrasive grains, and the roughness of the circumferential surface was set to 0.8 m (R7=).

一方、回転するスリーブ22内にはフェライト焼結タイ
プの磁石23を固定して配設し、磁極配置は第1図の如
く、表面磁束密度の最大値は約800ガウスとした。非
磁性ブレード24は1.2履層厚の非磁性ステンレスを
スリーブLの磁性粒子の存在量が30〜60mg/cm
2となるように用い、ブレード−スリーブ間隙は300
終mとした。
On the other hand, a sintered ferrite type magnet 23 was fixedly disposed inside the rotating sleeve 22, and the magnetic pole arrangement was as shown in FIG. 1, and the maximum value of the surface magnetic flux density was about 800 Gauss. The non-magnetic blade 24 is made of non-magnetic stainless steel with a layer thickness of 1.2 and the amount of magnetic particles in the sleeve L is 30 to 60 mg/cm.
2, and the blade-sleeve gap is 300.
It was the end of the day.

このスリーブ22に対向する感光体ドラム3表面には、
静電潜像として暗部−BOQVで明部−150■の電荷
模様を形成し、スリーブ表面との距犀を300 ILi
に設定した。そして、4−記スリーブに対し電源34に
より周波数800Hz 、  ピーク対ピーク値が1.
4KVで、中心1直が一300Vの電圧を印加し、現像
を行なった。
On the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 facing this sleeve 22,
As an electrostatic latent image, a charge pattern of 150cm is formed in the dark area and BOQV is formed in the bright area, and the distance between it and the sleeve surface is 300 ILi.
It was set to Then, for the sleeve described in 4-, the frequency was 800 Hz and the peak-to-peak value was 1.
Development was carried out by applying a voltage of 4 KV and 1,300 V to one center shift.

実施例1 ローダミン系顔料    5重量部 からなる平均粒径13pmの赤色微粉体に正荷電性処理
コロイダルシリカ1.0重量部を添加し、トナーとした
。トナーの摩擦帯電量は+23.5(pc/g)であっ
た。
Example 1 1.0 parts by weight of positively charged colloidal silica was added to red fine powder of 5 parts by weight of rhodamine pigment with an average particle size of 13 pm to prepare a toner. The amount of triboelectric charge of the toner was +23.5 (pc/g).

次に、磁性粒子として粒径50〜70)hmのフェライ
熱乾爆したものを用意した。
Next, magnetic particles having a particle size of 50 to 70 hm and subjected to ferrite heat dry explosion were prepared.

さらに上記のトナー100重量部にポリフッ化ビニリデ
ン微粒子(粒径0.5μ厘以下、摩擦帯電量−−12,
Ei ルG/g ) 0.G玉量部を混合したちの12
重量部と磁性粒(−100重量部とを混合し、第1図の
現像装置に適用し、画像を出したところ、カブリのない
階調性の良好な鮮明な画像が得られ、画像反射濃度は1
.27であった。さらに、現像剤の1耐久性を調へるた
めに1万枚の耐久を行なったところ、初期と同様なカブ
リのない鮮明な画像(画像濃度1.26)が得られトナ
ー飛散も良好だった。一方、高温高湿の環境(30℃、
90%R)I)下で同様に画出しを行なったところ、画
像濃度は1.23で、力/り竿の問題のない画像が得ら
れた。また、低温低湿の5:環境(10°0.10%)
下でも画像濃度1.29の鮮明でカブリのない画像が得
られた。
Further, 100 parts by weight of the above toner was added with polyvinylidene fluoride fine particles (particle size 0.5 μm or less, triboelectric charge amount -12,
Ei leG/g) 0. 12 of the G balls mixed together
When parts by weight and magnetic particles (-100 parts by weight) were mixed and applied to the developing device shown in Figure 1 to produce an image, a clear image with good gradation without fogging was obtained, and the image reflection density was is 1
.. It was 27. Furthermore, when we tested the developer for 10,000 sheets to check its durability, we were able to obtain a clear image (image density 1.26) with no fogging, similar to the initial image, and toner scattering was also good. . On the other hand, a high temperature and high humidity environment (30℃,
When an image was produced in the same manner under 90% R)I), the image density was 1.23, and an image without any force/resistance problems was obtained. Also, low temperature and low humidity 5: Environment (10°0.10%)
A clear, fog-free image with an image density of 1.29 was obtained even at the lower end.

実施例2 磁性粒子のコート樹脂を、エポキシ樹脂0.8重量部(
摩擦帯電量−4,5JLC7g )とした以外は、実施
例1と同様に行なったところ、同様の良好な結果が得ら
れた。
Example 2 Coating resin for magnetic particles was mixed with 0.8 parts by weight of epoxy resin (
The same good results as in Example 1 were obtained except that the amount of triboelectric charge was -4.5JLC7g).

からなる平均粒径11gmの冴色粒子100屯量部にコ
ロイダルシリカ0.5重量部を添加し、トナーとした。
0.5 parts by weight of colloidal silica was added to 100 parts by weight of bright colored particles having an average particle diameter of 11 gm, to prepare a toner.

摩擦?1?電量は−27,3μCogであった。friction? 1? The amount of electricity was -27.3 μCog.

又、スチレン−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート共重
合体(95:5)  (摩擦帯電量+40.3Ii、C
/g)1.0重量部を、実施例1と同様にしてフェライ
ト粒「表面にコートし、磁性粒子とした。
In addition, styrene-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate copolymer (95:5) (triboelectric charge amount +40.3Ii, C
/g) was coated on the surface of ferrite grains in the same manner as in Example 1 to form magnetic particles.

さらに上記のトナー100重量部とペンングアナミンー
ホルムアルデヒト縮合物(粒径2gm以下、摩擦帯′1
シ量+16.2弘C/g)2主星部との混合物8重量部
と磁性粒7−ioo重量部とを混合し、第1図の現像装
置に適用して感光体ドラム3表面の暗部+600■、明
部+150V(7)静電Wi像に向けて、周波数800
Hz  、ピーク対ピーク値1.4KV、中7ら値+3
00vの電圧を印加し現像したところ、実施例1と同様
に環境特性が極めて良かった。
Further, 100 parts by weight of the above toner and penguanamine-formaldehyde condensate (particle size 2 gm or less, friction zone '1
8 parts by weight of the mixture with 2 main star parts and 7-ioo parts by weight of magnetic grains were mixed and applied to the developing device shown in FIG. ■, bright area +150V (7) toward the electrostatic Wi image, frequency 800
Hz, peak-to-peak value 1.4KV, medium value +3
When a voltage of 00 V was applied and development was performed, the environmental characteristics were extremely good as in Example 1.

[発明の効果] 以り説明したように、本発明によれば簡単な構成により
磁性粒子を使用する現像装置におし1て、少星の磁性粒
子−を現像領域に介在させることで地力ブリの無い、階
調性良好な、かつ負性特性の無い、良好な画質を種々の
環境において得ることができた。
[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, in a developing device that uses magnetic particles with a simple configuration, by interposing magnetic particles of small stars in the developing area, soil power fluctuation can be prevented. It was possible to obtain good image quality in various environments, with no negative characteristics, good gradation, and no negative characteristics.

又、現像に寄クーするトナーをスリーブ1と磁性粒子−
上とで効率良く分配し、その両者から飛翔現像させるこ
とで、交番電界中においてほぼ100%近い現像効率を
達成することができた。これは現像装置構成として小型
化・簡素化を可能とするものである。
In addition, the toner that cools during development is transferred between the sleeve 1 and the magnetic particles.
By efficiently distributing the powder to the top and performing flying development from both, it was possible to achieve a development efficiency of nearly 100% in an alternating electric field. This makes it possible to downsize and simplify the configuration of the developing device.

又、少すくとも交番電界によって未発明に基づく磁性粒
子のブラシは潜像保持体と接触し、かつ振動することに
よって、潜像保持体とに付着した地力ブリトナーを除去
することができた。
Furthermore, at least by an alternating electric field, the uninvented brush of magnetic particles came into contact with the latent image carrier and was vibrated, thereby making it possible to remove the soil brittner adhering to the latent image carrier.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明に係る現像方法による現像装置の縦断正
面図、 第2図、3図は本発明に係る現像方法による現像部の拡
大説明図、 第4図は摩擦帯電量測定装置の説明図である。 319.潜像保持部材、 】l・・・吸引機、12・・・測定容器。 I3・・・導電性スクリーン、14・・・金属製のフタ
、15・・・真空計、16・・・風量調節弁、17・・
・吸引口、18・・・コンデンサー、19・・・電位計
、21・・・現像剤供給容器、22・・・非磁性スリー
ブ、23・・・固定磁石、24・・・非磁性ブレード、
26・・・磁性粒子循環域限定部材、27・・・磁性粒
子、28・・・非磁性トナー、29・・・現像剤捕集容
器部、30・・・飛散防止部材、31・・・磁性部材、
32・・・現像領域、34・・・バイアス電源、50・
・・静電潜像、51・・・磁気ブラシ。
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a developing device according to the developing method according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged explanatory views of the developing section according to the developing method according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an explanation of a triboelectric charge measurement device. It is a diagram. 319. Latent image holding member, ]l...Suction device, 12...Measurement container. I3... Conductive screen, 14... Metal lid, 15... Vacuum gauge, 16... Air volume control valve, 17...
- Suction port, 18... Capacitor, 19... Electrometer, 21... Developer supply container, 22... Non-magnetic sleeve, 23... Fixed magnet, 24... Non-magnetic blade,
26... Magnetic particle circulation area limiting member, 27... Magnetic particles, 28... Non-magnetic toner, 29... Developer collection container portion, 30... Scattering prevention member, 31... Magnetic Element,
32... Development area, 34... Bias power supply, 50...
...Electrostatic latent image, 51...Magnetic brush.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 潜像を保持するための潜像保持体と対向する現像剤担持
体の現像領域で、現像剤担持体と潜像保持体との間に交
番電界を付与しながら潜像を非磁性トナーで現像する画
像形成方法において、該非磁性トナーが、摩擦帯電系列
において上記現像剤保持部材表面を基準にしてトナーと
逆方向に位置する化合物Aの微粒子を保持し、摩擦帯電
系列上において前記化合物Aとトナーとの間に位置する
化合物Bにより処理されている磁性粒子で現像剤担持体
の現像領域に、該磁性粒子の存在量が5〜100mg/
cm^2となるように磁気ブラシを形成し、現像領域で
潜像保持体と現像剤担持体表面および現像剤担持体表面
に形成されている該磁気ブラシ表面との間で非磁性トナ
ーを往復させながら潜像を現像することを特徴とする画
像形成方法。
The latent image is developed with non-magnetic toner while applying an alternating electric field between the developer carrier and the latent image carrier in the development area of the developer carrier facing the latent image carrier for holding the latent image. In the image forming method, the non-magnetic toner holds fine particles of compound A located in a direction opposite to the toner with respect to the surface of the developer holding member on the triboelectric charging series, and the compound A and the toner on the triboelectric charging series The amount of the magnetic particles present in the development area of the developer carrier is 5 to 100 mg/
cm^2, and non-magnetic toner is reciprocated between the latent image holder and the surface of the developer carrier and the surface of the magnetic brush formed on the surface of the developer carrier in the development area. An image forming method characterized by developing a latent image while
JP60214983A 1985-09-30 1985-09-30 Image forming method Expired - Fee Related JP2537343B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60214983A JP2537343B2 (en) 1985-09-30 1985-09-30 Image forming method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60214983A JP2537343B2 (en) 1985-09-30 1985-09-30 Image forming method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6275552A true JPS6275552A (en) 1987-04-07
JP2537343B2 JP2537343B2 (en) 1996-09-25

Family

ID=16664766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60214983A Expired - Fee Related JP2537343B2 (en) 1985-09-30 1985-09-30 Image forming method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2537343B2 (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59222851A (en) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-14 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing method
JPS60458A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-01-05 Kanto Denka Kogyo Kk Carrier for electrophotography
JPS6087349A (en) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-17 Canon Inc Toner coating method
JPS60117260A (en) * 1983-11-29 1985-06-24 Canon Inc Magnetic particle for toner coating and toner coating method
JPS60125685A (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-04 Canon Inc Thermal transfer type printer
JPS60176069A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-09-10 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing device
JPS60186856A (en) * 1984-03-06 1985-09-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Developer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59222851A (en) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-14 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing method
JPS60458A (en) * 1983-06-09 1985-01-05 Kanto Denka Kogyo Kk Carrier for electrophotography
JPS6087349A (en) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-17 Canon Inc Toner coating method
JPS60117260A (en) * 1983-11-29 1985-06-24 Canon Inc Magnetic particle for toner coating and toner coating method
JPS60125685A (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-04 Canon Inc Thermal transfer type printer
JPS60176069A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-09-10 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing device
JPS60186856A (en) * 1984-03-06 1985-09-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Developer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2537343B2 (en) 1996-09-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4590140A (en) Toner application method and treated magnetic particles for use therein
JPH0220989B2 (en)
JPS6087348A (en) Toner coating method
JPS6275552A (en) Image forming method
US4666814A (en) Method for developing electrostatic latent image with non-magnetic toner
JPS59197065A (en) Applying method
JP2537342B2 (en) Image forming method
JP2541935B2 (en) Image forming method
JP2541948B2 (en) Image forming method
JP2552833B2 (en) Image forming method
JPS61186973A (en) Toner applying method
JPS61130962A (en) Developing method
JPS6167045A (en) Toner coating method
JPH0833691B2 (en) Development method
JPS63113553A (en) Inverted image forming method
JPS61198251A (en) Toner coating method and developer composition
JPS63218969A (en) Image forming method
JPS63113552A (en) Developer and image forming method
JPS63127271A (en) Image forming method
JPH0220111B2 (en)
JPH0640227B2 (en) Positively chargeable toner composition
JPS63121068A (en) Image forming method
JPS6275553A (en) Image forming method
JPH0220115B2 (en)
JPS61162060A (en) Magnetic particle material for toner coating and toner coating method using said magnetic particle material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees