JPS6212498B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6212498B2 JPS6212498B2 JP1456581A JP1456581A JPS6212498B2 JP S6212498 B2 JPS6212498 B2 JP S6212498B2 JP 1456581 A JP1456581 A JP 1456581A JP 1456581 A JP1456581 A JP 1456581A JP S6212498 B2 JPS6212498 B2 JP S6212498B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- ring
- halftone
- silver halide
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 24
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 24
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 19
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 18
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000003564 thiocarbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGJCBBASTRWVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione Chemical group SC1=NCCS1 WGJCBBASTRWVJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical group NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(methylamino)phenyl] hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JAKYJVJWXKRTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido(oxo)borane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B=O JAKYJVJWXKRTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCCNC2=C1 LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMWRGWQTAMNAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyridine Chemical group C1NC=CC=C1 MMWRGWQTAMNAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRFSXVIRXMYULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroquinoline Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=CCNC2=C1 IRFSXVIRXMYULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQPOOAJESJYDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazinane Chemical group C1CNCOC1 LQPOOAJESJYDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOQOADCYROWGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazinane Chemical group C1CNCSC1 HOQOADCYROWGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004804 1-methylmethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:2])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004809 1-methylpropylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCKMJVEAUXWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1Cl DBCKMJVEAUXWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJFUNZDCRKXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydro-1h-tetrazole Chemical group C1NNN=N1 PZJFUNZDCRKXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C=C1O GPASWZHHWPVSRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKONPNAILGGMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylidene-3h-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1=CSC(=S)N1 VKONPNAILGGMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGSPBFIOSHWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Isopropyl-1,4-benzenediol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O HIGSPBFIOSHWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQUOCHQOQMZGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1CSC(=S)N1 SQUOCHQOQMZGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGVPJCPOTBNOCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(3-ethyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)ethylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound CCN1CCSC1=CC=C1C(=O)N(CC(O)=O)C(=S)S1 QGVPJCPOTBNOCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REFDOIWRJDGBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1 REFDOIWRJDGBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRCRJFOGPCJKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O XRCRJFOGPCJKPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVZCVTNGQDXZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanyl-2h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thione Chemical group CCSC1SC(=S)N=N1 IVZCVTNGQDXZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLFWJIBUZQARMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercapto-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC(S)=NC2=C1 FLFWJIBUZQARMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTBVIMLZIRIFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthio-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SC)=NC2=C1 UTBVIMLZIRIFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLPZRWDNWKLLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylidene-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=C2SC(=S)NC2=C1 NLPZRWDNWKLLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOPUIFSTGVXMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylidene-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-5-sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C2SC(=S)NC2=C1 YOPUIFSTGVXMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZHULBXGOUSAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylidene-3h-1,3-benzoxazole-5-sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C2OC(=S)NC2=C1 IZHULBXGOUSAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZWWFFJHMATGGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylidene-3h-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CSC(S)=N1 UZWWFFJHMATGGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVOYHDOEENLJLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thione Chemical group S=C1SCN=N1 BVOYHDOEENLJLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical group N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical group N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQAYWDXEHPOUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCN1C(=S)SCC1(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JQAYWDXEHPOUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical group SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,3-selenazole Chemical group C1CN=C[Se]1 MVVFUAACPKXXKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEDKTMOIKOKBSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydrothiadiazole Chemical group C1CN=NS1 WEDKTMOIKOKBSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-n-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1NC(C)(C)CN1C(N=C1N)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 FUSNOPLQVRUIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 1
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLHAIPFBNQZTMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical group CC1=CSC(S)=N1 NLHAIPFBNQZTMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OIKWJUAGJHMOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione Chemical group CC1CNC(=S)S1 OIKWJUAGJHMOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILDUPWKUQLPLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione Chemical group CC1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 ILDUPWKUQLPLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSWZUOXLFTXIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3h-1,3-benzoxazole-2-thione Chemical group CC1=CC=C2OC(=S)NC2=C1 SSWZUOXLFTXIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPXQSGWOGQPLQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N=C(S)NC2=C1 YPXQSGWOGQPLQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001061127 Thione Species 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical group O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000043 benzamido group Chemical group [H]N([*])C(=O)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005569 butenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCl BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorohydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002012 dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical class OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012493 hydrazine sulfate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000377 hydrazine sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004245 indazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C(*)C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C12 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004533 oil dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CELWCAITJAEQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxan-2-ol Chemical compound OC1CCCCO1 CELWCAITJAEQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- LIGACIXOYTUXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LIGACIXOYTUXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099427 potassium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N safranin Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=C(N)C(C)=CC2=NC2=CC(C)=C(N)C=C2[N+]=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium nitrilotriacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/061—Hydrazine compounds
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ãããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææãçšãã
åçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«
ã¯ãããã©ãžã³ååç©ãçšããŠã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªã
ã¬ããç»åãç¹ã«ãè¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹å質ãšç¶²é調ãæ
ãã網ç¹ç»åã圢æããããšã®ã§ããã¢ã¯ãããŒ
ã¿ãŒåã®å®å®ãªçŸåæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã ãªãã»ããççã§é£ç¶é調åçš¿ãå°å·ããå Ž
åããã®èª¿åã¯ç¶²ç¹ãšåŒã°ãã倧å°ã®ç¹ã®éãŸã
ã«ãã€ãŠåçŸãããŠããããã®ç¶²ç¹ã¯ãïŒã€ã³ã
åœã80ã200å以äžååšããïŒåã®ç¹ã¯éåžžã«åŸ®
å°ãªãã®ã§ããããã«ããã®ç¹ã®åšãã«ãã±ããª
ãé®®éãªãã®ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããã®ããå°å·
æ¥çã«æŒããŠã¯ãªã¹å¹æãšåŒã°ããç¹æ®ãªçŸåå¹
æã«ããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªç¶²ç¹ç»åãåŸãããšã®ã§ãããª
ã¹åæå ææãšãªã¹çŸå液ãšã®çµåããçšããã
ãã ãªã¹çŸå液ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ä¿æå€ãšãªãäºç¡«é žã€ãª
ã³ã®æ¿åºŠã極床ã«äœãæããã€ããããã³ã®ã¿ã
çŸåäž»è¬ãšããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æº¶æ¶²ã§ããããã®æ¶²ã§
ãªã¹åæå ææãçŸåããå Žåãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãã®
äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäœãçšãªã¹åæå ææã®èª¿å
ã¯ç¡¬èª¿ã«ãªããããããªããããªã¹åæå ææã®
äžè¬çãªæ§è³ªã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ã®æ¿åºŠã«å€§ãã圱é¿ã
åãããŸãèçŽ ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®å€åã«å¯ŸããŠãéæ
ã§ãã€ãŠãå®åžžçã«äžå®ã®å質ã®ç»åãåŸãããš
ãå°é£ã§ãããæŽã«ããªã¹åçŸå液ã¯ãä¿æå€ãš
ããŠã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã極床ã«å°ãªãçºã«èª¿æ¶²
åŸã空æ°äžã®é žçŽ ã«å¯ŸããæµæåãããããŠå°ã
ããå£åãæ¿ããçã®æ¬ ç¹ãããããŸãããªã¹å
æå ææãé£ç¶çã«åŠçãããšãéåžžã®ããã²ã³
åéæå ææãšåãæ§ã«ä¹³å€å±€ããã®èçŽ ã€ãªã³
ã®æŸåºåã³çŸåäž»è¬ã®æ¶è²»ãããããã«ãããšã
è£å ãè¡ã€ãŠããŠããæ°æéæ¯ã«ãçŸå液ã®æŽ»æ§
床ãããšãã¯ãè£æ£ããå¿ èŠããããæ¥åžžã«ç®¡ç
ã®ç ©ãããããããæŽã«ãã®ãããªåŸæ¥æ³ã§åŠç
ããå Žåãå åãªé»åæ¿åºŠãšç¶²ç¹å質ãåŸãã«ã¯
25âãªããã35âã®çŸå枩床ã§ïŒåããïŒåã®é·
ãçŸåæéãå¿ èŠã§ãã€ãã åŸã€ãŠãäžèšæ¬ ç¹ã®ãªãè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ã§ããã€è¯å¥œãª
網ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšã®ã§ããæ¹æ³ã匷
ãèŠæãããŠããã ç¹éæ51â22438å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãäžå®å®ãªãªã¹çŸ
å液ã®äœ¿çšããããããã«ããã€ããããã³é¡çŸ
åäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããç¡«é žã
ãã©ãžã³ã®ãããªããã©ãžã³ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ§ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒã§åŠçããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬
ããç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®æ¹æ³
ã«ããã°ãåŠç液ã®å®å®æ§ãåäžããããšãã§
ãããŸãåŠçã¹ããŒããéããããããªããäžèš
ã®é瀺ãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯äžå¿ãªã¹åæå ææã«è¿ã
硬調ãªç¹æ§ãåŸããããã網ç¹å質ã¯ãçŸåšã®ãª
ã¹æå ææãããå£ããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã
䜿çšãã補ççšéã«é©ãã網ç¹ç¹æ§ãããããšã
ã§ããããŸã網é調ã硬調ããããšããæ¬ ç¹ãæ
ããã ãŸãäžèšå ¬ç¥äŸã«ãããNH2NHâåºããã€ã
ãã©ãžã³ååç©ã¯ãããæå ææã«å«æãããå Ž
åãçµæã«ãã該ååç©ã®å解ãèãããããã
æå ææã®è£œé åæã«åŸããã硬調ãªç¹æ§ãåæ¥
çã«å¿ èŠãªé·æéç¶æããããšãå°é£ã«ãªããåŸ
ã€ãŠãããã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæå ææã«å«æ
ãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ã硬調ãªç»åãåŸãããã®å®è³ªç
ãªæå ææãäœãããšãã§ããªãã ãŸãç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªã
ã¬ããç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠãããåç¹èš±
æ现æžã«ã¯ãå¡©èåéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
æ·»å ãã12.8ãšãããããªé«ãPHã®çŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããšãã¬ã³ã³ãïŒÎ³ïŒã10ãããã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿
ãªåçç¹æ§ãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠãããã
ãããããã§é瀺ãããå€ãã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©
ã¯æå ææäžã§ã®å®å®æ§ãæªãã®ã§é·æéã®ä¿å
ã«èããªããããŸãPHã13ã«è¿ã匷ã¢ã«ã«ãªçŸå
液ã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ã空æ°ã«ãã€ãŠé žåãããããäž
å®å®ã§ãé·æéã®ä¿åã䜿çšã«èããªãããŸãçŸ
åæéãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸåãšå€§å·®ããªããæŽã«ãγ
ã10以äžã®ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ã ãã§ã¯ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã䜿çšãããããªè£œççšéã«çšããã
ã«ã¯ã網ç¹å質ãå£ãã網é調ã硬調ãããŠäžå
åã§ããã 網ç¹å質ããã³ç¶²é調ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããè¿°ã¹ã
ãšã網ç¹å質ãšã¯ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãéã
ãŠãé»åæ¿åºŠã®é«äœãç¹é¢ç©ã®å€§å°ã«å€æããé
ã®ç¹ã®æ§èœã§ãäžè¬ã«ããªã³ãžã®å°ãªãæ¹ãã
ãã å網é調ãšã¯ãé²å éã«å¯Ÿãã網ç¹é¢ç©ã®å€å
ãè¡šãããã®ã§ãçè«çã«ã¯ãçšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®æ¿åºŠãã¿ãŒã³ã§æ±ºãŸãæ§è³ªã®ãã®ã§
ããããããã€ãŠãäžèšã®ç¹éæ51â22438å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2419975å·ã«èšãããçºæã®æ¹æ³ã§
ãã䜿çšããæå ææã«å¿ããŠè©²æå ææã«é©ã
ãæ¿åºŠãã¿ãŒã³ãæã€ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãéž
æããŠçšããã°å¥œãŸããé調ãåŸãããã¯ãã§ã
ãããããã«ãäžèšã®ããã«ã䜿çšãããšæå æ
æã«åãããŠããã¡ãã¡ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã
éžæããããšã¯å®éã®è£œçäœæ¥ã«æºããè ã«å€å€§
ã®ç ©ãããäžããããšã«ãªã奜ãŸãããªããåŸã€
ãŠãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãçšããŠãããªã³ãžã®å°ãªãè¯
ã網ç¹ãåŸããããšãšãã«ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒ
ã³ã®éžæãšããç¹å¥ãªæäœãå¿ èŠãšããåŸæ¥ã®ãª
ã¹çŸåã§çšããŠããã®ãšåäžã®ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãª
ãŒã³ãçšããŠãå®çšäžãåäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸããã
æå ææãã€ããããšã匷ãæãŸããŠããã æ¬åºé¡äººã¯ãå ã«ãäžèšã®åŠãæ¬ ç¹ã解決ãã
ãã®ãšããŠãæå ææäžã§å®å®ãªã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãž
ã³ååç©ãšããã€ããããã³é¡çŸåäž»è¬ãããã²
ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æããããããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§
ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã§åŠçããŠãè¿ éã«ç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ã
ãç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãåºé¡ããïŒç¹é¡æ54â78338
å·åã³å54â85660å·åç §ïŒããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°è¯
奜ãªç¶²ç¹å質åã³è¯å¥œãªç¶²é調ãåŸããããã網
ç¹å質ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæŽãªãæ¹è¯ãæãŸããããŸ
ãããã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯åŠçæã®æ¹ææ¡ä»¶ã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹
å質ãå€åãããããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããããšãå€æ
ããã ããæ æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äžã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãš
å®å®ãªæå ææãçšããŠã¬ã³ãγã10ãããã極
ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããç»åãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äºã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãšå®å®ãª
æå ææãçšããŠãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸå液ãããè¿ é
ã«ãã€ãè¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹ç»è³ªãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äžã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãšå®å®ãª
æå ææãçšããŠãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸå液ãçšããå Ž
åãšå®è³ªçã«åäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸããããã€ç¹å¥ãª
ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®éžæãšããäœæ¥ãäžèŠãª
ãªã¹ç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬åã®ç®çã¯ãç¹é¡æ54â78338å·å
ã³å54â85660å·æ现æžã«èšãããæ¹æ³ãããåª
ãã網ç¹å質ãæãã網ç¹ç»åãåŸãããã®æ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äºã®ç®çã¯ãåŠç液ã®ç®¡çãåŠçã®
æäœãç°¡åã§ãããåŠçæäœã®å€åãç¹ã«æ¹ææ¡
件ã®å€åã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹å質ãå€åããªã網ç¹ç»å
ã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã äžèšã®è«žç®çã¯ãå°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€å±€ãæãããã€è©²å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³
ãã€ãå±€ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ããã€ããããã³çŸ
åäž»è¬ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã
å«æããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã®ããã²ã³åéåç
æå ææããç¡«é»ååãããã¯é žçŽ ååã®ããã
ãïŒã€ãšçªçŽ ååã«çµåããããªã«ã«ããã«åºã
å°ãªããšãïŒã€å«ã¿ãã€è©²çªçŽ ååã«ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åå
ã眮æããŠããªãååç©ã®ååšäžã«PHã11.5以äž
ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§åŠçããããšã«ãã€ãŠé
æãããã R1NHNHCOR2 ïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãR1ã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºå
ã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR2ã¯
æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºåã¯çœ®æ
ãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããæå ææã¯ãäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãšãã€ããããã³é¡çŸ
åäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã³ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ã
ã€ãå±€ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€äžã«å«æããå®è³ª
çã«è¡šé¢æœååã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã§ã
ãã äžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã«ã€ã
ãŠæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR1ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãããã¿ã¬ã³
ç°ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãå«ããã®ã§ã
ãã ãã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã奜ãŸ
ãã眮æåºãšããŠã¯çŽéãåå²åã³ç°ç¶ã®ã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ãã®ãäŸãã°ã
ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã€ãœãããã«åºãïœãŒãã
ã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ã
ã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ãã®ã
äŸãã°ãã³ãžåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ç
çŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ãã®ãäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·
åºïŒã眮æã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§çœ®æããããã®ãäŸãã°ãžã¡ãã«ã¢
ããåºããžãšãã«ã¢ããåºïŒãèèªæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã
ãåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã21ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæ
ã€ãã®ãäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããåºããããã«ã¢ã
ãåºïŒãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯åç°
åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæã€ãã®ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŸ
ã€ã«ã¢ããåºïŒãåã¯ïŒžâïŒïŒ¹âïŒoã§è¡šããããåºãª
ã©ãæããããšãã§ããã äžèšïŒžïŒââïŒoã§è¡šããããåºã«ãããŠã ïŒ ïœã¯ïŒåã¯ïŒãæå³ããã ïŒ ïŒ¹ã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®é£çµåºãäŸãã°âCONHâïŒâR11
âCONHâïŒââR11âCONHâïŒââR11â
CONHâïŒâR11âïŒâR11ââR12âïŒâR11â
âR12ïŒâSO2NHâïŒâR11âSO2NHâïŒâ
NHCONHâïŒâCH2âCHââïŒâR11âNH
âïŒâR11ââR12âCONHâïŒâNHCOâR11
âïŒâNHCOâR11âCONHâïŒâR11âR12âãª
ã©ãæå³ããã ããã§R11ãšR12ã¯åãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠããããã
ãããïŒäŸ¡ã®é£œååã¯äžé£œåã®èèªæåºïŒäŸãã°
ãšãã¬ã³åºããããã¬ã³åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ãããã¬
ã³åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ã¡ãã¬ã³åºãªã©ïŒãåã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®
è³éŠæåºïŒã¢ããåºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠããŠã
ãããäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³åºããããã¬ã³åºãïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒïŒïŒâããšãã¬ã³åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šããã
ãã ãâR11âR12âã®å ŽåãR11ãšR12ã¯äºãã«ç°
ãªãïŒäŸ¡ã®åºãšãªãã ã¯ã
åçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«
ã¯ãããã©ãžã³ååç©ãçšããŠã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªã
ã¬ããç»åãç¹ã«ãè¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹å質ãšç¶²é調ãæ
ãã網ç¹ç»åã圢æããããšã®ã§ããã¢ã¯ãããŒ
ã¿ãŒåã®å®å®ãªçŸåæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã ãªãã»ããççã§é£ç¶é調åçš¿ãå°å·ããå Ž
åããã®èª¿åã¯ç¶²ç¹ãšåŒã°ãã倧å°ã®ç¹ã®éãŸã
ã«ãã€ãŠåçŸãããŠããããã®ç¶²ç¹ã¯ãïŒã€ã³ã
åœã80ã200å以äžååšããïŒåã®ç¹ã¯éåžžã«åŸ®
å°ãªãã®ã§ããããã«ããã®ç¹ã®åšãã«ãã±ããª
ãé®®éãªãã®ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããã®ããå°å·
æ¥çã«æŒããŠã¯ãªã¹å¹æãšåŒã°ããç¹æ®ãªçŸåå¹
æã«ããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªç¶²ç¹ç»åãåŸãããšã®ã§ãããª
ã¹åæå ææãšãªã¹çŸå液ãšã®çµåããçšããã
ãã ãªã¹çŸå液ã¯ãäžè¬ã«ä¿æå€ãšãªãäºç¡«é žã€ãª
ã³ã®æ¿åºŠã極床ã«äœãæããã€ããããã³ã®ã¿ã
çŸåäž»è¬ãšããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§æº¶æ¶²ã§ããããã®æ¶²ã§
ãªã¹åæå ææãçŸåããå Žåãäžè¬çã«ã¯ãã®
äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäœãçšãªã¹åæå ææã®èª¿å
ã¯ç¡¬èª¿ã«ãªããããããªããããªã¹åæå ææã®
äžè¬çãªæ§è³ªã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ã®æ¿åºŠã«å€§ãã圱é¿ã
åãããŸãèçŽ ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã®å€åã«å¯ŸããŠãéæ
ã§ãã€ãŠãå®åžžçã«äžå®ã®å質ã®ç»åãåŸãããš
ãå°é£ã§ãããæŽã«ããªã¹åçŸå液ã¯ãä¿æå€ãš
ããŠã®äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠã極床ã«å°ãªãçºã«èª¿æ¶²
åŸã空æ°äžã®é žçŽ ã«å¯ŸããæµæåãããããŠå°ã
ããå£åãæ¿ããçã®æ¬ ç¹ãããããŸãããªã¹å
æå ææãé£ç¶çã«åŠçãããšãéåžžã®ããã²ã³
åéæå ææãšåãæ§ã«ä¹³å€å±€ããã®èçŽ ã€ãªã³
ã®æŸåºåã³çŸåäž»è¬ã®æ¶è²»ãããããã«ãããšã
è£å ãè¡ã€ãŠããŠããæ°æéæ¯ã«ãçŸå液ã®æŽ»æ§
床ãããšãã¯ãè£æ£ããå¿ èŠããããæ¥åžžã«ç®¡ç
ã®ç ©ãããããããæŽã«ãã®ãããªåŸæ¥æ³ã§åŠç
ããå Žåãå åãªé»åæ¿åºŠãšç¶²ç¹å質ãåŸãã«ã¯
25âãªããã35âã®çŸå枩床ã§ïŒåããïŒåã®é·
ãçŸåæéãå¿ èŠã§ãã€ãã åŸã€ãŠãäžèšæ¬ ç¹ã®ãªãè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ã§ããã€è¯å¥œãª
網ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšã®ã§ããæ¹æ³ã匷
ãèŠæãããŠããã ç¹éæ51â22438å·å ¬å ±ã«ã¯ãäžå®å®ãªãªã¹çŸ
å液ã®äœ¿çšããããããã«ããã€ããããã³é¡çŸ
åäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€äžã«å«æãããç¡«é žã
ãã©ãžã³ã®ãããªããã©ãžã³ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢
ã«ã«ãªæ§ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒã§åŠçããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬
ããç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®æ¹æ³
ã«ããã°ãåŠç液ã®å®å®æ§ãåäžããããšãã§
ãããŸãåŠçã¹ããŒããéããããããªããäžèš
ã®é瀺ãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯äžå¿ãªã¹åæå ææã«è¿ã
硬調ãªç¹æ§ãåŸããããã網ç¹å質ã¯ãçŸåšã®ãª
ã¹æå ææãããå£ããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã
䜿çšãã補ççšéã«é©ãã網ç¹ç¹æ§ãããããšã
ã§ããããŸã網é調ã硬調ããããšããæ¬ ç¹ãæ
ããã ãŸãäžèšå ¬ç¥äŸã«ãããNH2NHâåºããã€ã
ãã©ãžã³ååç©ã¯ãããæå ææã«å«æãããå Ž
åãçµæã«ãã該ååç©ã®å解ãèãããããã
æå ææã®è£œé åæã«åŸããã硬調ãªç¹æ§ãåæ¥
çã«å¿ èŠãªé·æéç¶æããããšãå°é£ã«ãªããåŸ
ã€ãŠãããã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæå ææã«å«æ
ãããæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ã硬調ãªç»åãåŸãããã®å®è³ªç
ãªæå ææãäœãããšãã§ããªãã ãŸãç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·æ现æžã«ã¯ãããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªã
ã¬ããç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãé瀺ãããŠãããåç¹èš±
æ现æžã«ã¯ãå¡©èåéä¹³å€ã«ããã©ãžã³ååç©ã
æ·»å ãã12.8ãšãããããªé«ãPHã®çŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããšãã¬ã³ã³ãïŒÎ³ïŒã10ãããã極ããŠç¡¬èª¿
ãªåçç¹æ§ãåŸãããããšãèšèŒãããŠãããã
ãããããã§é瀺ãããå€ãã®ããã©ãžã³ååç©
ã¯æå ææäžã§ã®å®å®æ§ãæªãã®ã§é·æéã®ä¿å
ã«èããªããããŸãPHã13ã«è¿ã匷ã¢ã«ã«ãªçŸå
液ã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ã空æ°ã«ãã€ãŠé žåãããããäž
å®å®ã§ãé·æéã®ä¿åã䜿çšã«èããªãããŸãçŸ
åæéãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸåãšå€§å·®ããªããæŽã«ãγ
ã10以äžã®ç¡¬èª¿ãªåçç¹æ§ã ãã§ã¯ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã䜿çšãããããªè£œççšéã«çšããã
ã«ã¯ã網ç¹å質ãå£ãã網é調ã硬調ãããŠäžå
åã§ããã 網ç¹å質ããã³ç¶²é調ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããè¿°ã¹ã
ãšã網ç¹å質ãšã¯ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãéã
ãŠãé»åæ¿åºŠã®é«äœãç¹é¢ç©ã®å€§å°ã«å€æããé
ã®ç¹ã®æ§èœã§ãäžè¬ã«ããªã³ãžã®å°ãªãæ¹ãã
ãã å網é調ãšã¯ãé²å éã«å¯Ÿãã網ç¹é¢ç©ã®å€å
ãè¡šãããã®ã§ãçè«çã«ã¯ãçšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ã
ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®æ¿åºŠãã¿ãŒã³ã§æ±ºãŸãæ§è³ªã®ãã®ã§
ããããããã€ãŠãäžèšã®ç¹éæ51â22438å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2419975å·ã«èšãããçºæã®æ¹æ³ã§
ãã䜿çšããæå ææã«å¿ããŠè©²æå ææã«é©ã
ãæ¿åºŠãã¿ãŒã³ãæã€ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãéž
æããŠçšããã°å¥œãŸããé調ãåŸãããã¯ãã§ã
ãããããã«ãäžèšã®ããã«ã䜿çšãããšæå æ
æã«åãããŠããã¡ãã¡ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã
éžæããããšã¯å®éã®è£œçäœæ¥ã«æºããè ã«å€å€§
ã®ç ©ãããäžããããšã«ãªã奜ãŸãããªããåŸã€
ãŠãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãçšããŠãããªã³ãžã®å°ãªãè¯
ã網ç¹ãåŸããããšãšãã«ãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒ
ã³ã®éžæãšããç¹å¥ãªæäœãå¿ èŠãšããåŸæ¥ã®ãª
ã¹çŸåã§çšããŠããã®ãšåäžã®ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãª
ãŒã³ãçšããŠãå®çšäžãåäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸããã
æå ææãã€ããããšã匷ãæãŸããŠããã æ¬åºé¡äººã¯ãå ã«ãäžèšã®åŠãæ¬ ç¹ã解決ãã
ãã®ãšããŠãæå ææäžã§å®å®ãªã¢ã·ã«ããã©ãž
ã³ååç©ãšããã€ããããã³é¡çŸåäž»è¬ãããã²
ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æããããããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§
ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã§åŠçããŠãè¿ éã«ç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ã
ãç»åãåŸãæ¹æ³ãåºé¡ããïŒç¹é¡æ54â78338
å·åã³å54â85660å·åç §ïŒããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°è¯
奜ãªç¶²ç¹å質åã³è¯å¥œãªç¶²é調ãåŸããããã網
ç¹å質ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæŽãªãæ¹è¯ãæãŸããããŸ
ãããã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯åŠçæã®æ¹ææ¡ä»¶ã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹
å質ãå€åãããããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããããšãå€æ
ããã ããæ æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äžã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãš
å®å®ãªæå ææãçšããŠã¬ã³ãγã10ãããã極
ããŠç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããç»åãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äºã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãšå®å®ãª
æå ææãçšããŠãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸå液ãããè¿ é
ã«ãã€ãè¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹ç»è³ªãããããã®æ¹æ³ãæäŸ
ããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äžã®ç®çã¯ãå®å®ãªåŠç液ãšå®å®ãª
æå ææãçšããŠãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹çŸå液ãçšããå Ž
åãšå®è³ªçã«åäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸããããã€ç¹å¥ãª
ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®éžæãšããäœæ¥ãäžèŠãª
ãªã¹ç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬åã®ç®çã¯ãç¹é¡æ54â78338å·å
ã³å54â85660å·æ现æžã«èšãããæ¹æ³ãããåª
ãã網ç¹å質ãæãã網ç¹ç»åãåŸãããã®æ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬äºã®ç®çã¯ãåŠç液ã®ç®¡çãåŠçã®
æäœãç°¡åã§ãããåŠçæäœã®å€åãç¹ã«æ¹ææ¡
件ã®å€åã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹å質ãå€åããªã網ç¹ç»å
ã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ãæäŸããããšã§ããã äžèšã®è«žç®çã¯ãå°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³å
éä¹³å€å±€ãæãããã€è©²å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³
ãã€ãå±€ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ããã€ããããã³çŸ
åäž»è¬ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã
å«æããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã®ããã²ã³åéåç
æå ææããç¡«é»ååãããã¯é žçŽ ååã®ããã
ãïŒã€ãšçªçŽ ååã«çµåããããªã«ã«ããã«åºã
å°ãªããšãïŒã€å«ã¿ãã€è©²çªçŽ ååã«ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åå
ã眮æããŠããªãååç©ã®ååšäžã«PHã11.5以äž
ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§åŠçããããšã«ãã€ãŠé
æãããã R1NHNHCOR2 ïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãR1ã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºå
ã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR2ã¯
æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºåã¯çœ®æ
ãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããæå ææã¯ãäžè¬åŒ
ïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãšãã€ããããã³é¡çŸ
åäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã³ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ã
ã€ãå±€ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€äžã«å«æããå®è³ª
çã«è¡šé¢æœååã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã§ã
ãã äžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã«ã€ã
ãŠæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR1ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãããã¿ã¬ã³
ç°ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãå«ããã®ã§ã
ãã ãã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã奜ãŸ
ãã眮æåºãšããŠã¯çŽéãåå²åã³ç°ç¶ã®ã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ãã®ãäŸãã°ã
ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã€ãœãããã«åºãïœãŒãã
ã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ã
ã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ãã®ã
äŸãã°ãã³ãžåºïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ç
çŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®ãã®ãäŸãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·
åºïŒã眮æã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§çœ®æããããã®ãäŸãã°ãžã¡ãã«ã¢
ããåºããžãšãã«ã¢ããåºïŒãèèªæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ã
ãåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã21ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæ
ã€ãã®ãäŸãã°ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ããåºããããã«ã¢ã
ãåºïŒãè³éŠæã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯åç°
åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæã€ãã®ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŸ
ã€ã«ã¢ããåºïŒãåã¯ïŒžâïŒïŒ¹âïŒoã§è¡šããããåºãª
ã©ãæããããšãã§ããã äžèšïŒžïŒââïŒoã§è¡šããããåºã«ãããŠã ïŒ ïœã¯ïŒåã¯ïŒãæå³ããã ïŒ ïŒ¹ã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®é£çµåºãäŸãã°âCONHâïŒâR11
âCONHâïŒââR11âCONHâïŒââR11â
CONHâïŒâR11âïŒâR11ââR12âïŒâR11â
âR12ïŒâSO2NHâïŒâR11âSO2NHâïŒâ
NHCONHâïŒâCH2âCHââïŒâR11âNH
âïŒâR11ââR12âCONHâïŒâNHCOâR11
âïŒâNHCOâR11âCONHâïŒâR11âR12âãª
ã©ãæå³ããã ããã§R11ãšR12ã¯åãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠããããã
ãããïŒäŸ¡ã®é£œååã¯äžé£œåã®èèªæåºïŒäŸãã°
ãšãã¬ã³åºããããã¬ã³åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ãããã¬
ã³åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ã¡ãã¬ã³åºãªã©ïŒãåã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®
è³éŠæåºïŒã¢ããåºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºãæããŠããŠã
ãããäŸãã°ããšãã¬ã³åºããããã¬ã³åºãïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒïŒïŒâããšãã¬ã³åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šããã
ãã ãâR11âR12âã®å ŽåãR11ãšR12ã¯äºãã«ç°
ãªãïŒäŸ¡ã®åºãšãªãã ã¯ã
ãåŒãåäœãæããåºã
ãåŒãåäœãæããåºã
ãåŒãã§
è¡šããããåºãè€çŽ ç°æ®åºãã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºïŒïœïŒ
ïŒã®ãšãïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºçœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæå³ã
ãã ããã§è€çŽ ç°æ®åºãšã¯å°ãªããšãïŒåã®ããã
ååãå«ãïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ç°ã§ãã€ãŠãè³éŠç°ãç¹ã«
ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãšçž®åããŠããŠãããã奜ãŸããã¯è€
çŽ ç°ååç©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸãã°ïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºã
ãªã¢ãŸãŒã«âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒâããã«ãŸã€ã«ãã€ã³
ããŸãŒã«âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«âïŒâã€ã«ãããããã·ããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³âïŒ
âåã¯âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒãè€çŽ ç°åçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã å¡©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸãã°ïŒ®âãšãã«ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸ
ãªããŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãâã¹ã«ããšãã«âãã³ãº
ãã¢ãŸããªãŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã
ã³ãºã€ãããŸãªããŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒãã¡ã«ã«
ããåºãæããè€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸã
ã°ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«âïŒâåã¯
âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«
âïŒâåã¯âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒã§ããã ãŸãããæå³ããã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºãšããŠã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«åºéšåãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ã©
ã«ãã«åºããããäŸãã°ãã³ãžã«åºãªã©ãããã ãæå³ããã¢ã«ãã«åºçœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«âïŒâããšãã«åºãª
ã©ãããã ãæå³ãã
ïŒã®ãšãïŒãã¢ã«ãã«åºçœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæå³ã
ãã ããã§è€çŽ ç°æ®åºãšã¯å°ãªããšãïŒåã®ããã
ååãå«ãïŒåã¯ïŒå¡ç°ã§ãã€ãŠãè³éŠç°ãç¹ã«
ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãšçž®åããŠããŠãããã奜ãŸããã¯è€
çŽ ç°ååç©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸãã°ïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºã
ãªã¢ãŸãŒã«âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒâããã«ãŸã€ã«ãã€ã³
ããŸãŒã«âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«âïŒâã€ã«ãããããã·ããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³âïŒ
âåã¯âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒãè€çŽ ç°åçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã å¡©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸãã°ïŒ®âãšãã«ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸ
ãªããŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãâã¹ã«ããšãã«âãã³ãº
ãã¢ãŸããªãŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã
ã³ãºã€ãããŸãªããŠã âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒãã¡ã«ã«
ããåºãæããè€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®äžäŸ¡ã®åºïŒäŸã
ã°ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãŒã«âïŒâåã¯
âïŒâã€ã«ãïŒâã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«
âïŒâåã¯âïŒâã€ã«ãªã©ïŒã§ããã ãŸãããæå³ããã¢ã©ã«ãã«åºãšããŠã¯ã¢ã«
ãã«åºéšåãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®åç°åã¯ïŒç°ã®ã¢ã©
ã«ãã«åºããããäŸãã°ãã³ãžã«åºãªã©ãããã ãæå³ããã¢ã«ãã«åºçœ®æã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšããŠ
ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâã¢ãã«âïŒâããšãã«åºãª
ã©ãããã ãæå³ãã
ãåŒãåäœãæããåºãšã
ãŠã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯
ãåŒãåºã
ãåŒãåºã
ãåŒãåºã
ãåŒãåºãªã©ãæãããããŸã
ãåŒãåäœãæããåºãšããŠã¯
ãåŒãåºåã¯
ãåŒãåºãªã©ã
奜ãŸããã
ããã§R21ã¯èèªæåºïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºïŒãè³éŠæåº
ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«åºããããã«åºïŒåã¯è€çŽ ç°æ®
åºïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªã«åºããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªã«åºã
ã€ãããŸãªã«åºããã¢ãŸãªãã«åºãããªãžãã«
åºãããã©ãŸãªã«åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šãããR22ã¯æ°ŽçŽ
ååãR21ã§äŸç€ºããèèªæåºåã¯R21ã§äŸç€ºãã
è³éŠæåºãè¡šãããR23ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åååã¯R21ã§äŸç€º
ããèèªæåºãè¡šãããR11ã¯åè¿°ãããšåãæ
å³ãè¡šããããã ããR22ãšR23ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããš
ãã²ãšã€ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ããããŸãR21ãšR23ã¯äºã
ã«çµåããŠç°ã圢æããŠãããããã®å¥œãŸããäŸ
ãšããŠã¯
ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºïŒãè³éŠæåº
ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«åºããããã«åºïŒåã¯è€çŽ ç°æ®
åºïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªã«åºããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªã«åºã
ã€ãããŸãªã«åºããã¢ãŸãªãã«åºãããªãžãã«
åºãããã©ãŸãªã«åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šãããR22ã¯æ°ŽçŽ
ååãR21ã§äŸç€ºããèèªæåºåã¯R21ã§äŸç€ºãã
è³éŠæåºãè¡šãããR23ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åååã¯R21ã§äŸç€º
ããèèªæåºãè¡šãããR11ã¯åè¿°ãããšåãæ
å³ãè¡šããããã ããR22ãšR23ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããš
ãã²ãšã€ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ããããŸãR21ãšR23ã¯äºã
ã«çµåããŠç°ã圢æããŠãããããã®å¥œãŸããäŸ
ãšããŠã¯
ãåŒã
ãåŒããªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã
äžèšã®R21åã¯R22ã¯æŽã«ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãã¢ã«ã³
ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºããž
ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¡ã«ã«ãã
åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºããããåºãã·ã¢ãåºãã¹ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºãªã©ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ãæå³ãã
ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«åºããž
ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¡ã«ã«ãã
åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºããããåºãã·ã¢ãåºãã¹ã«ããã«åºãã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºãªã©ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ãæå³ãã
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããåºã«
ãããŠãã¯
ãåŒããšå
±ã«ïŒå¡åã¯ïŒå¡ã®è€
çŽ ç°ã圢æããééå±åå矀ã§ããã該è€çŽ ç°ã¯
å ·äœçã«ã¯ããã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãªã³
ç°ãããããã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã¢ãŸãªãžã³ç°ããªã
ãµãŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³ç°ããªããµãŸãª
ãžã³ç°ãã»ã¬ããŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºã»ã¬ããŸãªã³
ç°ãã€ãããŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãªã³ç°ãã
ãã©ãŸãªã³ç°ãããªã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³
ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããããªãžã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ãããããªã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããã©ããã
ãããªã³ç°ãããŒãããâïŒïŒïŒâãªããµãžã³
ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºãïœããªããµãžã³ç°ãããŒã
ããâïŒïŒïŒâãã¢ãžã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãº
ãïœããã¢ãžã³ç°ããŠã©ã·ã«ç°çãæããããã ãŸãR31ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãŸãã¯é£œåãããã¯äžé£œå
ã®èèªæåºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºã
ã¢ã«ããã«åºïŒã§ãããããã¯æŽã«ã¢ã«ã³ãã·
åºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã·ãã
ã·åºãã¡ã«ã«ããåºãã¹ã«ãåºãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã¢ããåºãªã©
ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã äžã«è¿°ã¹ãã§è¡šããããåºã®ãã¡ç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã®ã¯ã
å ·äœçã«ã¯ããã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãªã³
ç°ãããããã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã¢ãŸãªãžã³ç°ããªã
ãµãŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³ç°ããªããµãŸãª
ãžã³ç°ãã»ã¬ããŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºã»ã¬ããŸãªã³
ç°ãã€ãããŸãªã³ç°ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãªã³ç°ãã
ãã©ãŸãªã³ç°ãããªã¢ãŸãªã³ç°ããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³
ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããããªãžã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ãããããªã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããã©ããã
ãããªã³ç°ãããŒãããâïŒïŒïŒâãªããµãžã³
ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãºãïœããªããµãžã³ç°ãããŒã
ããâïŒïŒïŒâãã¢ãžã³ç°ãïŒïŒïŒâãã³ãº
ãïœããã¢ãžã³ç°ããŠã©ã·ã«ç°çãæããããã ãŸãR31ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãŸãã¯é£œåãããã¯äžé£œå
ã®èèªæåºïŒäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºã
ã¢ã«ããã«åºïŒã§ãããããã¯æŽã«ã¢ã«ã³ãã·
åºãã¢ã«ãã«ããªåºãã¢ã·ã«ã¢ããåºãã¢ã·ãã
ã·åºãã¡ã«ã«ããåºãã¹ã«ãåºãã«ã«ããã·ã«
åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã¢ããåºãªã©
ã§çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã äžã«è¿°ã¹ãã§è¡šããããåºã®ãã¡ç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã®ã¯ã
ãåŒãåäœãæããåºã
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããåºã
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããåºã§ããã
äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠR1ã§è¡šããããåºã®ã
ã¡ã眮æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãã€ãŠãåè¿°ããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®
眮æåºãšããŠæãããããªåºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠã
ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R1ãšããŠã¯ã眮æãããŠãã
ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®æ¹ã眮æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åº
ããã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR2ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãããã¿ã¬ã³
ç°ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãå«ããã®ã§ã
ãããã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³ååãã·
ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãªã©ã®åºã§çœ®æ
ãããŠããŠããããR2ã§è¡šããããã¢ãªãŒã«åº
ã®å¥œãŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâããã¢ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ã
ãã·ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžã¯ããããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšã
ã«åºãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR2ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç
çŽ ååæ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãã€ãŠã以äžã®ã
ããªçœ®æåºãæããŠããŠããããããªãã¡ããã
ã²ã³ååãã·ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãª
ã©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¢ã«ãã«åºã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãã¡ã
ã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«
åºãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®äž
ã§å¥œãŸããååç©ã¯ç¹éæ53â10921ãå53â
20922ãå53â66732ãç¹é¡æ53â125602ãå54â
82ãç¹éæ53â20318ããªãµãŒããã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãž
ã€âèª17626å·ïŒ1978幎No.176ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ããããã®äžã§ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ç¹éæ53â
10921ãå53â20922ãå53â66732ã«èšèŒããã
ååç©ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©äŸã以äžã«ç€º
ããæ¬çºæã¯ä»¥äžã®ååç©ã®ã¿ã«éå®ããããã®
ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã®ååç©ã®åææ³ã¯ç¹éæ53â10921ã
å53â20922ãå53â66732ãç¹é¡æ53â125602ã
å54â82ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã¯ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯10-8ä¹è³10-1ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agãç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯10-6ä¹è³10-2ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®ç¯å²ã§ããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€äžã«å«æã
ãããããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãæå ææäž
ã«å«æããããã«ã¯ãåçä¹³å€ã«æ·»å å€ãå ãã
å Žåã«éåžžçšããããæ¹æ³ãé©çšã§ãããããšã
ã°ã氎溶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯ãé©åœãªæ¿åºŠã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã
æ°Žã«äžæº¶ãŸãã¯é£æº¶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãšæ··åããã
é©åœãªææ©æº¶åªãããšãã°ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã±ãã³é¡ããšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©
ã®ãã¡ã§åçç¹æ§ã«æªã圱é¿ãäžããªã溶åªã«æº¶
解ãã溶液ãšããŠåçä¹³å€ãããã¯ãéæå æ§ã®
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ã溶液ã«æ·»å ããããšãã§ããããŸ
ããæ°Žäžæº¶æ§ïŒãããã油溶æ§ïŒã®ã«ãã©ãŒãä¹³
å€äžã«åæ£ç©ã®åœ¢ã§å ãããšãã®ããç¥ãããæ¹
æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããçŸåäž»è¬ã¯ãããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã®å°
ãªããšãäžæ¹ã«å«æããããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã¯ã
ãã€ããããã³ãã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãããã¢
ãã€ããããã³ãã€ãœãããã«ãã€ããããã³ã
ã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãããã€ã
ãããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãïœ
âããã«ãã€ããããã³ããã€ããããã³ã¢ãã¹
ã«ãããŒããªã©ã®ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ãïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ã®åŠãïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³é¡ãâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ã®åŠ
ãã¢ããããšããŒã«é¡ãªã©ãåç¬åã¯çµåããŠçš
ããããšãã§ããããã®ãã¡ã§ããžããããã·ã
ã³ãŒã³é¡ãå®çšäžå¥œãŸãããããã«ãã€ãããã
ã³é¡ïŒäžã§ããã€ããããã³ïŒãå®çšäžæã奜ãŸ
ããã äžèšçŸåäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æ
ãããã«ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããŠããæ¹æ³ãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããããšãã°ãçŸåäž»è¬ãæ°Žãšæ··åã
ããé©åœãªææ©æº¶åªããšãã°ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã±ãã³é¡ããšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©
ã®ãã¡ã§åçç¹æ§ã«æªã圱é¿ãäžããªã溶åªã«æº¶
解ãã溶液ãšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ãã®ä»
ã®å±€ãšãªãå¡åžæ¶²ã®å°ãªããšãäžæ¹ã«æ·»å ããå¡
åžããããšãã§ããããŸãç¹éæ50â39928å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããããã«çŸåäž»è¬ããªã€ã«åæ£ç©ã«
ããŠä¹³å€äžã«æ·»å ããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãããŸãçŸåäž»è¬ããŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶è§£ããŠãçŸ
åäž»è¬ã®ãŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠæ·»å ãå¡åžããããš
ãã§ãããããã«ç¹å ¬æ45â15461ã«ããæ§ã«ã
çŸåäž»è¬ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãé¡ãã¢ã«ãã«
ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãé¡åã¯ã»ã«ããŒãºãšã¹ãã«é¡ãª
ã©ã®ããªããŒã«åæ£ããããåæ£ç©ãæ·»å ããå¡
åžããããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«
å«æããããã€ããããã³é¡çŸåäž»è¬ã®éã¯ãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã0.1ãïŒã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯
0.1ãïŒã¢ã«ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©åã³çŸåäž»è¬
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããã
ãªããããã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããŠããããäŸãã°ããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžå¡ãå±€ãä¿è·å±€ãã®ä»ã®è£å©
å±€ãªã©ãæãããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šãããã
ååç©ãšçŸåäž»è¬ã¯åã å¥åã®å±€ã«æ·»å ãããŠã
ããããŸãåãå±€ã«æ·»å ãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéç²å
ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããå¥ã®è¡šçŸããã
ã°ãå®è³ªçã«å éšæœååã§ãªãã æ¬çºæã§ããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ããããšã¯
æ¬çºæã§çšããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ãš
çŸåäž»è¬ãšãå ããªãä¹³å€ãéåžžçšããããéæ
æ¯æäœã«å¡åžãã€ãã€ãæå ææãïŒã1/100ç§
é²å åŸäžèšã«ç€ºãè¡šé¢çŸååã³å éšçŸåã®æ¹
æ³ã§çŸåããå Žåã«ãè¡šé¢çŸåã§åŸãããæ床
ããå éšçŸåã§åŸãããæ床ãã倧ã§ããããš
ãšå®çŸ©ããããããã§æ床ãšã¯ã次ã®ããã«å®çŸ©
ãããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ¥ïœ ã¯æ床ãEhã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠïŒDmaxïŒãšæå°æ¿åºŠ
ïŒDminïŒã®äžåºŠäžéã®æ¿åºŠ1/2ïŒDmaxïŒDminïŒ
ãåŸãã«èŠããé²å éã瀺ãã è¡šé¢çŸå äžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã枩床20âã«ãããŠ10å
éçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5g ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10.0g ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 1.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1l å éšçŸå èµ€è¡å¡©3gïŒïœãšããšããµãã©ãã³0.0125gïŒïœ
ãå«ãæŒçœæ¶²äžã§çŽ20âã§10åéåŠçãã次ã
ã§ã10åéæ°ŽæŽåŸãäžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã20â
ã«ãããŠ10åéçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5g ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10.0g ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 1.0g ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã 3.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1l æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ããããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãª
ããšããã¬ããé調以å€ã«ããžããé調ãäžãã
ããã«ãªããæ¬çºæã®ç®çãéæã§ããªãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéæå æ
æäžã®ããã²ã³åéã¯ãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãèå
éãæ²èåéãŸãã¯æ²å¡©èåéã«ãããªããã®ã§
ãããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ÎŒã
ã倧ã§ãªãããšã奜ãŸãããæŽã«0.4ÎŒãã倧ã§
ãªãããšã奜ãŸãããå¹³åç²åŸãšã¯ãããã²ã³å
éåçç§åŠã®åéã®å°é家ã«ã¯ãåžžçšãããŠã
ãã容æã«ç解ãããçšèªã§ãããç²åŸãšã¯ãç²
åãçç¶åã¯çã«è¿äŒŒã§ããç²åã®å Žåã«ã¯ç²å
çŽåŸãæå³ãããç²åãç«æ¹äœã§ããå Žåã«ã¯çš
é·ÃâïŒïŒÏãç²åŸãšãããå¹³åã¯ç²åæ圱é¢ç©
ã«ããšã¥ã代æ°å¹³ååã¯å¹Ÿäœå¹³åã«ããæ±ããã
å¹³åç²åŸãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãC.E.
K.MeesãšT.H.JamesèïŒThe theoryof the
Photographic processïŒ3rded.p.36ãp.43ïŒ
ïŒ1966幎ïŒMcMillan瀟åïŒãåç §ããã°ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ããŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«
ååãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«
ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹
ãã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒãºèªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢
ã«ã³ãŒã«ãéšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ã
ããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªããã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ã
ããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®åäžãããã¯å ±éåäœ
ã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«ååãçšããããšãã§
ããã ãã®ä»ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãªã©ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢
æå€ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãªã©
ã®å¢æè²çŽ ããªããµããŒã«ææããããªããµããŒ
ã«ææåã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ææãªã©ã®ã€ã©ãžãšãŒã·
ãšã³é²æ¢ææãã¯ãã å¡©ãã¢ã«ãããé¡ãâã¡
ãããŒã«ååç©ããžãªããµã³èªå°äœã掻æ§ãããŒ
ã«ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ãâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ããã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ïŒ
ã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ããªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©
ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒãªã©ã®ç¡¬èå€ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãããããååç©ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ã
ãŒãžã€ãŒèªãæ²èŒçªå·ç¬¬17643å·ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã
åã¯ç¹é¡æ54â78338å·åã³å第54â85660å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ã¯ãäžè¿°ãããã
ã²ã³åéåçæå ææãç¡«é»ååãããã¯é žçŽ å
åããããïŒã€ãšãèçŽ ååã«çµåããããªã«ã«
ããã«åºïŒ
ã¡ã眮æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒã
10ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãã€ãŠãåè¿°ããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®
眮æåºãšããŠæãããããªåºã§çœ®æãããŠããŠã
ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R1ãšããŠã¯ã眮æãããŠãã
ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®æ¹ã眮æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åº
ããã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR2ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯åç°åã¯ïŒç°
ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãããã¿ã¬ã³
ç°ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãå«ããã®ã§ã
ãããã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³ååãã·
ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãªã©ã®åºã§çœ®æ
ãããŠããŠããããR2ã§è¡šããããã¢ãªãŒã«åº
ã®å¥œãŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâããã¢ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¯ãã
ããšãã«åºãïŒâã·ã¢ãããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ã
ãã·ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžã¯ããããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããããšã
ã«åºãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ãããŠãR2ã§è¡šããããåºã®
ãã¡çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç
çŽ ååæ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãã€ãŠã以äžã®ã
ããªçœ®æåºãæããŠããŠããããããªãã¡ããã
ã²ã³ååãã·ã¢ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãª
ã©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¢ã«ãã«åºã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãã¡ã
ã«åºããšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«
åºãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã ãããã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã®äž
ã§å¥œãŸããååç©ã¯ç¹éæ53â10921ãå53â
20922ãå53â66732ãç¹é¡æ53â125602ãå54â
82ãç¹éæ53â20318ããªãµãŒããã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãž
ã€âèª17626å·ïŒ1978幎No.176ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ããããã®äžã§ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã®ã¯ç¹éæ53â
10921ãå53â20922ãå53â66732ã«èšèŒããã
ååç©ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©äŸã以äžã«ç€º
ããæ¬çºæã¯ä»¥äžã®ååç©ã®ã¿ã«éå®ããããã®
ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã®ååç©ã®åææ³ã¯ç¹éæ53â10921ã
å53â20922ãå53â66732ãç¹é¡æ53â125602ã
å54â82ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ã¯ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯10-8ä¹è³10-1ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agãç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯10-6ä¹è³10-2ã¢ã«ïŒã¢ã«Agã®ç¯å²ã§ããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€äžã«å«æã
ãããããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãæå ææäž
ã«å«æããããã«ã¯ãåçä¹³å€ã«æ·»å å€ãå ãã
å Žåã«éåžžçšããããæ¹æ³ãé©çšã§ãããããšã
ã°ã氎溶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯ãé©åœãªæ¿åºŠã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšã
æ°Žã«äžæº¶ãŸãã¯é£æº¶æ§ã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãšæ··åããã
é©åœãªææ©æº¶åªãããšãã°ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã±ãã³é¡ããšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©
ã®ãã¡ã§åçç¹æ§ã«æªã圱é¿ãäžããªã溶åªã«æº¶
解ãã溶液ãšããŠåçä¹³å€ãããã¯ãéæå æ§ã®
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ã溶液ã«æ·»å ããããšãã§ããããŸ
ããæ°Žäžæº¶æ§ïŒãããã油溶æ§ïŒã®ã«ãã©ãŒãä¹³
å€äžã«åæ£ç©ã®åœ¢ã§å ãããšãã®ããç¥ãããæ¹
æ³ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããçŸåäž»è¬ã¯ãããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã®å°
ãªããšãäžæ¹ã«å«æããããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã¯ã
ãã€ããããã³ãã¯ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãããã¢
ãã€ããããã³ãã€ãœãããã«ãã€ããããã³ã
ã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãããã€ã
ãããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãïœ
âããã«ãã€ããããã³ããã€ããããã³ã¢ãã¹
ã«ãããŒããªã©ã®ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³é¡ãïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªãã³ã®åŠãïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³é¡ãâã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ã®åŠ
ãã¢ããããšããŒã«é¡ãªã©ãåç¬åã¯çµåããŠçš
ããããšãã§ããããã®ãã¡ã§ããžããããã·ã
ã³ãŒã³é¡ãå®çšäžå¥œãŸãããããã«ãã€ãããã
ã³é¡ïŒäžã§ããã€ããããã³ïŒãå®çšäžæã奜ãŸ
ããã äžèšçŸåäž»è¬ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æ
ãããã«ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããŠããæ¹æ³ãçšãã
ããšãã§ãããããšãã°ãçŸåäž»è¬ãæ°Žãšæ··åã
ããé©åœãªææ©æº¶åªããšãã°ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãª
ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã±ãã³é¡ããšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ããé¡ãªã©
ã®ãã¡ã§åçç¹æ§ã«æªã圱é¿ãäžããªã溶åªã«æº¶
解ãã溶液ãšããããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ãã®ä»
ã®å±€ãšãªãå¡åžæ¶²ã®å°ãªããšãäžæ¹ã«æ·»å ããå¡
åžããããšãã§ããããŸãç¹éæ50â39928å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããããã«çŸåäž»è¬ããªã€ã«åæ£ç©ã«
ããŠä¹³å€äžã«æ·»å ããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãããŸãçŸåäž»è¬ããŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶è§£ããŠãçŸ
åäž»è¬ã®ãŒã©ãã³æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠæ·»å ãå¡åžããããš
ãã§ãããããã«ç¹å ¬æ45â15461ã«ããæ§ã«ã
çŸåäž»è¬ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãé¡ãã¢ã«ãã«
ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãé¡åã¯ã»ã«ããŒãºãšã¹ãã«é¡ãª
ã©ã®ããªããŒã«åæ£ããããåæ£ç©ãæ·»å ããå¡
åžããããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«
å«æããããã€ããããã³é¡çŸåäž»è¬ã®éã¯ãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœã0.1ãïŒã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯
0.1ãïŒã¢ã«ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©åã³çŸåäž»è¬
ã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããã
ãªããããã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããŠããããäŸãã°ããã
ã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãäžå¡ãå±€ãä¿è·å±€ãã®ä»ã®è£å©
å±€ãªã©ãæãããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šãããã
ååç©ãšçŸåäž»è¬ã¯åã å¥åã®å±€ã«æ·»å ãããŠã
ããããŸãåãå±€ã«æ·»å ãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéç²å
ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãããå¥ã®è¡šçŸããã
ã°ãå®è³ªçã«å éšæœååã§ãªãã æ¬çºæã§ããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ããããšã¯
æ¬çºæã§çšããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããååç©ãš
çŸåäž»è¬ãšãå ããªãä¹³å€ãéåžžçšããããéæ
æ¯æäœã«å¡åžãã€ãã€ãæå ææãïŒã1/100ç§
é²å åŸäžèšã«ç€ºãè¡šé¢çŸååã³å éšçŸåã®æ¹
æ³ã§çŸåããå Žåã«ãè¡šé¢çŸåã§åŸãããæ床
ããå éšçŸåã§åŸãããæ床ãã倧ã§ããããš
ãšå®çŸ©ããããããã§æ床ãšã¯ã次ã®ããã«å®çŸ©
ãããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ¥ïœ ã¯æ床ãEhã¯æ倧æ¿åºŠïŒDmaxïŒãšæå°æ¿åºŠ
ïŒDminïŒã®äžåºŠäžéã®æ¿åºŠ1/2ïŒDmaxïŒDminïŒ
ãåŸãã«èŠããé²å éã瀺ãã è¡šé¢çŸå äžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã枩床20âã«ãããŠ10å
éçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5g ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10.0g ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 1.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1l å éšçŸå èµ€è¡å¡©3gïŒïœãšããšããµãã©ãã³0.0125gïŒïœ
ãå«ãæŒçœæ¶²äžã§çŽ20âã§10åéåŠçãã次ã
ã§ã10åéæ°ŽæŽåŸãäžèšåŠæ¹ã®çŸå液äžã§ã20â
ã«ãããŠ10åéçŸåããã âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒããç¡«é ž
å¡©ïŒ 2.5g ã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é ž 10.0g ã¡ã¿ç¡Œé žãããªãŠã ã»åæ°Žå¡© 35.0g èåã«ãªãŠã 1.0g ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã 3.0g æ°Žãå ã㊠1l æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€ããããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœååã§ãª
ããšããã¬ããé調以å€ã«ããžããé調ãäžãã
ããã«ãªããæ¬çºæã®ç®çãéæã§ããªãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããããããã²ã³åéæå æ
æäžã®ããã²ã³åéã¯ãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéãèå
éãæ²èåéãŸãã¯æ²å¡©èåéã«ãããªããã®ã§
ãããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãå¹³åç²åŸã0.7ÎŒã
ã倧ã§ãªãããšã奜ãŸãããæŽã«0.4ÎŒãã倧ã§
ãªãããšã奜ãŸãããå¹³åç²åŸãšã¯ãããã²ã³å
éåçç§åŠã®åéã®å°é家ã«ã¯ãåžžçšãããŠã
ãã容æã«ç解ãããçšèªã§ãããç²åŸãšã¯ãç²
åãçç¶åã¯çã«è¿äŒŒã§ããç²åã®å Žåã«ã¯ç²å
çŽåŸãæå³ãããç²åãç«æ¹äœã§ããå Žåã«ã¯çš
é·ÃâïŒïŒÏãç²åŸãšãããå¹³åã¯ç²åæ圱é¢ç©
ã«ããšã¥ã代æ°å¹³ååã¯å¹Ÿäœå¹³åã«ããæ±ããã
å¹³åç²åŸãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãC.E.
K.MeesãšT.H.JamesèïŒThe theoryof the
Photographic processïŒ3rded.p.36ãp.43ïŒ
ïŒ1966幎ïŒMcMillan瀟åïŒãåç §ããã°ããã åçä¹³å€ã®çµåå€ãŸãã¯ä¿è·ã³ãã€ããšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ããŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«
ååãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«
ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒãºç¡«é žãšã¹
ãã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒãºèªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢
ã«ã³ãŒã«ãéšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ã
ããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªããã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ã
ããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®åäžãããã¯å ±éåäœ
ã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«ååãçšããããšãã§
ããã ãã®ä»ã«ãéãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠ
ã ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãªã©ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã®ååŠå¢
æå€ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãªã©
ã®å¢æè²çŽ ããªããµããŒã«ææããããªããµããŒ
ã«ææåã³ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³ææãªã©ã®ã€ã©ãžãšãŒã·
ãšã³é²æ¢ææãã¯ãã å¡©ãã¢ã«ãããé¡ãâã¡
ãããŒã«ååç©ããžãªããµã³èªå°äœã掻æ§ãããŒ
ã«ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ãâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ããã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ïŒ
ã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ããªã©ïŒã掻æ§ããã²ã³ååç©
ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïœâããª
ã¢ãžã³ãªã©ïŒãªã©ã®ç¡¬èå€ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãããããååç©ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯ãªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ã
ãŒãžã€ãŒèªãæ²èŒçªå·ç¬¬17643å·ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã
åã¯ç¹é¡æ54â78338å·åã³å第54â85660å·ã«èš
èŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ã¯ãäžè¿°ãããã
ã²ã³åéåçæå ææãç¡«é»ååãããã¯é žçŽ å
åããããïŒã€ãšãèçŽ ååã«çµåããããªã«ã«
ããã«åºïŒ
ãåŒãã¯ïŒ³ãŸãã¯ïŒ¯ïŒãå°
ãªããšãïŒã€å«ã¿ããã®ããªã«ã«ããã«åºã«çµå
ããŠããçªçŽ ååã«ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æããŠããªã
ååç©ïŒä»¥äžããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãšããïŒã®å
åšäžã«PHã11.5以äžã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§åŠ
çããããšãæ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽãšããã æ¬çºæã§çšãããã奜ãŸããããªã«ã«ããã«å
åç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããã åŒäžãã¯ç¡«é»ååãŸãã¯é žçŽ ååãè¡šããã
R0åã³R1ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããããåã ãèèª
æåºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºãããããã·åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããš
ãã«åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãããã«
åºãã¹ã«ããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããããã«åºãã¹ã«ã
ããã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºããã³ãžã«åºãã
ãšããã«åºãçãïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸ
ãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«
ãã«åºïŒãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã«
åºïŒãããã²ã³ååçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãæŽã«å ·äœçã«
ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒ
âã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâãšããã·ããšãã«åºã
ïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºçãïŒãããç°æ®åºãäŸã
ã°ïŒãïŒå¡å«çªçŽ è€çŽ ç°æ®åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸ
ãã°ïŒâããªãžã«åºãïŒâããªãžã«åºãïŒâããª
ãžã«åºçãïŒãŸãã¯ã¢ããåºã奜ãŸããã¯çœ®æã¢
ããåºã§ãããäŸãã°ã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¹ã«
ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããããš
ãã«åºïŒãªã©ãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯ïŒâã¹ã«ãããšã
ã«ã¢ããåºãªã©ããè¡šããã R0åã³R1ã¯äºãã«çµåããŠïŒå¡ãŸãã¯ïŒå¡ã®
ãããç°ïŒäŸãã°ãããªãžã³ç°ãã¢ã«ããªã³ç°ã
ããã©ãžã³ç°çïŒã圢æããŠãããã R2ã¯èèªæåºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ãã
ã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã
ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããç
çŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°
ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºãã«
ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·ãããã«åºãã¹ã«ããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ãããã
ã«åºãã¹ã«ãããã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºãã
ã³ãžã«åºãããšããã«åºãçãïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸ
ãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°
ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åº
ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒãããã²ã³ååçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æã
ããã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãæŽã«
å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâãšããã·ããš
ãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºçããè¡šããã ããã«ãR1ãšR2ã¯äºãã«çµåããŠïŒå¡ãŸãã¯
ïŒå¡ã®ãããç°ã圢æããŠãããããã®ããã«ã
ãŠåœ¢æããã次ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåå
ç©ã¯ããã奜ãŸããã åŒäžãã¯ãããç°ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äžé£œå
ç°ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãåã¯ããã©ãã€ãããã³
ãŒã³ç°çãå°ããšãäžã€ããã«çž®åããŠãããã®
ãå«ãã以äžåãïŒãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ã
è¡šãããåã³R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ããããšå
矩ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ã€ããŠããã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãã
ãšããšããŠã¯ãããç°ïŒããããç°ããã®ãã®
ãšããŠã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒå¡ç°ã®ãã®ïŒãäŸãã°ãã¢
ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³â
ïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâã
ãªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°çïŒãïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸã
ã°ïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ã
ïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâã
ãªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâ
ããªã³ç°çïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒ
âããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâãšãã«ããªâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
âãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°çïŒããã³ãºã
ã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸãª
ã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¹ã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãª
ã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸãªã³
âïŒâããªã³ç°çïŒããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâ
ããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°ãïŒâã¹ã«ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°çïŒãçãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãè¡šã
ãã R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R0ãšå矩ã§ããã R0ãŸãã¯ïŒ±ã§å®æããããããç°ã®æ žçœ®æåº
ã«ãããŠãã¹ã«ãåºãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºã®å¡©ã圢
æããéœã€ãªã³ã¯ã氎溶æ§ã®å¡©ã圢æãããã®ã
奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãç¹ã«
Na+ãšïŒ«+ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå«çªçŽ ãããç°åå
ç©ã«ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒãïŒïœïŒã§è¡šãã
ããååç©ãå«ãŸããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒã§è¡šã
ãããååç©ã奜ãŸããã
ããŠããçªçŽ ååã«ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æããŠããªã
ååç©ïŒä»¥äžããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãšããïŒã®å
åšäžã«PHã11.5以äžã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§åŠ
çããããšãæ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽãšããã æ¬çºæã§çšãããã奜ãŸããããªã«ã«ããã«å
åç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããã åŒäžãã¯ç¡«é»ååãŸãã¯é žçŽ ååãè¡šããã
R0åã³R1ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããããåã ãèèª
æåºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºãããããã·åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããš
ãã«åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãããã«
åºãã¹ã«ããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããããã«åºãã¹ã«ã
ããã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºããã³ãžã«åºãã
ãšããã«åºãçãïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸ
ãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«
ãã«åºïŒãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯
ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã«
åºïŒãããã²ã³ååçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãæŽã«å ·äœçã«
ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒ
âã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâãšããã·ããšãã«åºã
ïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºçãïŒãããç°æ®åºãäŸã
ã°ïŒãïŒå¡å«çªçŽ è€çŽ ç°æ®åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸ
ãã°ïŒâããªãžã«åºãïŒâããªãžã«åºãïŒâããª
ãžã«åºçãïŒãŸãã¯ã¢ããåºã奜ãŸããã¯çœ®æã¢
ããåºã§ãããäŸãã°ã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¹ã«
ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããããš
ãã«åºïŒãªã©ãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯ïŒâã¹ã«ãããšã
ã«ã¢ããåºãªã©ããè¡šããã R0åã³R1ã¯äºãã«çµåããŠïŒå¡ãŸãã¯ïŒå¡ã®
ãããç°ïŒäŸãã°ãããªãžã³ç°ãã¢ã«ããªã³ç°ã
ããã©ãžã³ç°çïŒã圢æããŠãããã R2ã¯èèªæåºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ãã
ã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºãããããã·åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã
ïŒäŸãã°ããšãã«åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããç
çŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°
ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºããããã«åºãããã«åºãã«
ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãã«ã«ã
ãã·ãããã«åºãã¹ã«ããšãã«åºãã¹ã«ãããã
ã«åºãã¹ã«ãããã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºãã
ã³ãžã«åºãããšããã«åºãçãïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸ
ãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°
ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åº
ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒãããã²ã³ååçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æã
ããã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãæŽã«
å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºãïŒâãšããã·ããš
ãã«åºãïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºçããè¡šããã ããã«ãR1ãšR2ã¯äºãã«çµåããŠïŒå¡ãŸãã¯
ïŒå¡ã®ãããç°ã圢æããŠãããããã®ããã«ã
ãŠåœ¢æããã次ã®äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåå
ç©ã¯ããã奜ãŸããã åŒäžãã¯ãããç°ïŒççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äžé£œå
ç°ãäŸãã°ãã³ãŒã³ç°ãåã¯ããã©ãã€ãããã³
ãŒã³ç°çãå°ããšãäžã€ããã«çž®åããŠãããã®
ãå«ãã以äžåãïŒãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ã
è¡šãããåã³R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ããããšå
矩ã§ããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã«ã€ããŠããã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æãã
ãšããšããŠã¯ãããç°ïŒããããç°ããã®ãã®
ãšããŠã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒå¡ç°ã®ãã®ïŒãäŸãã°ãã¢
ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³â
ïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâã
ãªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°çïŒãïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸã
ã°ïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ã
ïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâã
ãªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·âïŒâãã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâ
ããªã³ç°çïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒ
âããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ïŒâãšãã«ããªâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
âãã¢ãžã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°çïŒããã³ãºã
ã¢ãŸãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸãª
ã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¹ã«ããã³ãºãã¢ãŸãª
ã³âïŒâããªã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãºãã¢ãŸãªã³
âïŒâããªã³ç°çïŒããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâ
ããªã³ç°ïŒäŸãã°ãã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°ãïŒâã¹ã«ããã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãºãªããµãŸãªã³âïŒâããª
ã³ç°çïŒãçãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãè¡šã
ãã R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R0ãšå矩ã§ããã R0ãŸãã¯ïŒ±ã§å®æããããããç°ã®æ žçœ®æåº
ã«ãããŠãã¹ã«ãåºãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºã®å¡©ã圢
æããéœã€ãªã³ã¯ã氎溶æ§ã®å¡©ã圢æãããã®ã
奜ãŸãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãç¹ã«
Na+ãšïŒ«+ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããå«çªçŽ ãããç°åå
ç©ã«ã¯äžèšã®äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒãïŒïœïŒã§è¡šãã
ããååç©ãå«ãŸããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒã§è¡šã
ãããååç©ã奜ãŸããã
ãåŒã
äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒãïŒïœïŒã«ãããŠãã¯ç¡«é»
ååãŸãã¯é žçŽ ååãè¡šãããã¯ç¡«é»ååã奜
ãŸããã ãšïŒ¢ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããŠãããããããæ°Ž
çŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºããŸãã¯äºã«çµåããŠç
çŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äžé£œåã®ç°ïŒãããã®ç°ã¯ã¹ã«ãåº
ãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããããšã
奜ãŸãããïŒãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãè¡šã
ãã äœãããšïŒ¢ãäºã«çµåããŠççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äž
飜åç°ãå®æããå Žåã«ã¯ãïŒïœïŒã§è¡šããã
ãååç©ã¯ãã®ååäžã«ããããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåº
åã³ã«ã«ããã·åºãããªãåºããéžã°ããåºãå°
ããšãïŒã€å«æããã ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãŸãã¯
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡šããã R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R0ãšå矩ã§ããã ãšïŒ§ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããŠãããããããã
æ°ŽçŽ ååãèèªæåºããŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãè¡šã
ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒãïŒïœïŒã«ã€ããŠæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«
説æãããšããšïŒ¢ã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãäŸãã°ãæªçœ®æãŸ
ãã¯ããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«ããã·
åºãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«
åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ïŒå¥œ
ãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯
äŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãããã«åºããããã
ã·ãšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºããã³ãžã«åºçïŒïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®
æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³å
åãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºçã§çœ®æãããã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒâããããã·ããšãã«åºã
ïŒâãŸãã¯ïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºçãïŒã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®
ççŽ æ°ãïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ãšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºçïŒïŒãŸãã¯äºã«çµå
ããŠäºéçµåãïŒã€ã ãæã€ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ç°
ïŒãããã®ç°ã¯ã¹ã«ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®
æåºã§çœ®æãããããšã奜ãŸããïŒãå®æããã«
å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãäŸãã°ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãããã©ã¡
ãã¬ã³åºçããããã¯ãäºã«çµåããŠæªçœ®æãŸã
ã¯çœ®æããããã³ãŒã³ç°ã圢æããå¿ èŠãªåºãè¡š
ããããã®ãã³ãŒã³ç°ã®çœ®æåºãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºçïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸã
ã°ããšãã«åºçïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢
ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºçïŒãããã²ã³åå
ïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååçïŒãã«ã«ããã·åºã§
眮æãããã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšå
ã®ççŽ æ°ã¯ïŒããïŒã§ãããäŸãã°ã«ã«ããã·ã¡
ãã«åºçïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºã¯ããšãã«åºã§ãããäŸãã°ã¢ããªã³åº
çïŒãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºçãæããããšã
ã§ããã ãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæ
åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ããããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«åºã
ã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºçãïŒ
ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¹ã«ãåº
ãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãäŸãã°ããšãã«
åºïœâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºçããè¡šããã ãšïŒ§ã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãèèªæåºãäŸãã°
æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã§çœ®æãããã¢ã«
ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºïŒãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯ã¡ãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãããã«åºããªã©ãããŸãã¯ã«
ã«ããã·åºãè¡šããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®å ·äœäŸ
ãšããŠæ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæããããšãã§ããã ååç©çªå· 次ã«æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®åæäŸã
瀺ãã ååç©â(2)åæ ã¢ã«ããªã³21.8gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã
14gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«200mlã«æº¶ãããå·
åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒæ¹æããªãããäºç¡«åççŽ 19g
ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãå ããïŒæéæ¹æããåŸãæ²åã¡
ãã«35.5gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãå ã30åéå ç±éæµã
ããåŸãå·åŽããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãåããããšã¿
ããŒã«ããåçµæ¶ããã åé22gïŒ50ïŒ ïŒèç¹86ãïŒâ ååç©â(4)ã®åæ èæ§ã«ãª22.4gïŒ0.4ã¢ã«ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²200mlã«ã¿
ãŠãªã³25gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã溶ãããå·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以
äžïŒæ¹æããªããäºç¡«åççŽ 15.2gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã®
ãšã¿ããŒã«100mlå ãã宀枩ã«ãŠïŒæéæ¹æããŠ
åå¿ãå®çµããããåã³å·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒæ¹æ
ããªããã¢ãã¯ãã«ã¢ã»ãã³18.5gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã
30åäœããã€ãŠæ»Žäžããã宀枩ã§ïŒæéåå¿ãã
åŸãæ¿çž®ããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãå¥ãã也ç¥ããã
ãã®çµæ¶ããšã¿ããŒã«ã«ãµã¹ãã³ãããç¡«é žé žæ§
ïŒPHïŒãïŒäœïŒäžã§30åéå ç±éæµãããåŸãå·
åŽããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãåãããåžèèæ§ã«ãªæ°Ž
溶液ããåçµæ¶ããã åé10gïŒ20ïŒ ïŒèç¹300âä»¥äž ååç©â(7)ã®åæ βâã¢ããããããªã³é ž44gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒãšèæ§
ã«ãª28gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒãå«ãã¡ã¿ããŒã«250ml溶液
ã«å·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒäºç¡«åççŽ 30mlïŒ0.5ã¢
ã«ïŒãå ããïŒæéæ¹æããåŸããšãã·ã«ããã
ã100gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒã®ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒâ以äž
ã«å·ããªãã滎äžãã滎äžçµäºåŸå®€æž©ã§2.5æé
æ¹æãããæ°Ž220mlãå ããåŸã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæžå§
çå»ããããããå·åŽäžæ¹æããªããå¡©é žé žæ§
ïŒPHïŒãïŒäœïŒãšãæåºããçµæ¶ãåããæ°ŽæŽ
ãããšïŒâããšãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãšã
ã«ïŒâïŒâããããã·ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããªã³
116gãåŸãïŒèç¹132âïŒããã®çµæ¶ãæ°·é ¢é ž500
mlã«æº¶ãããŠ30åéå ç±éæµãããå·åŽããåŸã
æ°ŽïŒãå ãæåºããçµæ¶ãåããã åé89gïŒ65ïŒ ïŒèç¹134ãïŒâ ååç©â(5)ïŒâ(6)ïŒâ(8)ïŒâ(9)ïŒâ
(10)ïŒâ(11)ïŒâ(12)ïŒïŒ13ïŒïŒâïŒ14ïŒåã³
âïŒ19ïŒã¯ååç©â(4)ããã³â(7)ã®åææ³ã«
æºããŠåæã§ããã ååç©âïŒ17ïŒã®åæ ïŒâã¡ãã«ããªãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«18.1gïŒ0.1ã¢
ã«ïŒãšãããã³ãµã«ãã³18gïŒ0.15ã¢ã«ïŒãç¡æº¶
åªã§ãªã€ã«æµŽã«ãŠ130âãïŒæéåå¿ããããå
å¿åŸãã·ã¬ã³50mlãå ããŠãã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãã
次ã«ã¢ã»ãã³50mlãå ããŠãã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ã
ããããã«æ°Ž50mlãå ããæŽã«ç¡«åãœãŒã28.8g
ïŒ0.12ã¢ã«ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãå ãã宀枩ã«ãŠæ¹æãã
åŸãçµæ¶ãåããã20ïŒ å«æ°Žã€ãœãããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ã§åçµæ¶ããã åé10gïŒ32ïŒ ïŒèç¹312âïŒå解ïŒãã®ä»ã®
ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãäžèšã®æç®ãåç §ããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠåæã§ããã K.C.Kennard and J.A.Van AllenèãJ.Org.
Chem.ã24å·»470ã473é ïŒ1959ïŒïŒ R.W.Lamon and W.Jã»HumplettèãJ.
Heterocycl.Chem.ãïŒå·»605â609é ïŒ1967ïŒïŒ M.Oharaã®ç¹å ¬æ39â26203ïŒM.Moritaèãè¬
èªã82å·»36â45é ïŒ1962ïŒã æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã®éã«ååšãããã«ã¯æ¬çºæ
ã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãåè¿°ããåçæå ææ
ã®æ§æå±€ã®å°ãªããšãã²ãšã€ã®å±€äžã«æ·»å ããŠã
ãããåã¯æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãã¢ã¯
ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«æ·»å ããã°ããã åçæå ææã®æ§æå±€ã«æ·»å ããå Žåã®æ¬çºæ
ã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ããã²ã³åé
ïŒã¢ã«åœã10-4ã¢ã«ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ãç¹ã«ïŒÃ10-4ã¢
ã«ä¹è³0.2ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§äœ¿çšããããæ·»å ããå±€
ãšããŠã¯åçä¹³å€å±€åã¯é£æ¥å±€ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«æ·»å ããå Žåã®æ¬çº
æã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãã¢ã¯ãã
ãŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒåœãïŒmgä¹è³15gãç¹ã«10mgä¹
è³10gã®ç¯å²ã«ããã®ã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
氎溶液ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®æ°Žé žåç©ïŒäŸãã°æ°Žé ž
åãããªãŠã ãæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ïŒãçé žå¡©ïŒäŸã
ã°çé žãããªãŠã ãçé žã«ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒãããé ž
å¡©ïŒäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒããé žãããªãŠã ã第äžããé žã«
ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒãã»ãé žå¡©ïŒäŸãã°ãã»ãé žãã¡ã¿
ã»ãé žãããªãŠã ãã»ãç ãªã©ïŒãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã«ãª
å€ãå«ãä»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãèåå€ãæ²åç©ãé žåé²
æ¢å€ïŒäŸãã°äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãã¡ã¿éäºç¡«é žã«
ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒçãå«ãããšãã§ãããããã«å¿ èŠ
ã«å¿ãææ©ã»æº¶åªïŒäŸãã°ãžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ã
ã³ãããªãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ãã³ãªã©ïŒã硬氎è»åå€
ïŒäŸãã°ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ããããµã¡
ã¿ãªã³é žãããªãŠã ããããªãããªé ¢é žãããªãŠ
ã ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žåã¯ãã®ãããªãŠã
å¡©ãªã©ïŒã硬èå€ïŒäŸãã°ã°ã«ã¿ãŒã«ã¢ã«ããã
ãªã©ïŒãç²æ§ä»äžå€ïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»
ã«ããŒã¹ãããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãªã©ïŒã
è²èª¿å€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãã
ãããããæ·»å å€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯éåžžã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
氎溶液ã®å Žåãšåãã§ãããåœæ¥è éã«åšç¥ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã®æ¡ä»¶
ã¯é©å®£æ±ºå®ã§ãããéåžžã®åŠç枩床ã¯18âä¹è³50
âã®ç¯å²ã«ãããããã以å€ã®æž©åºŠã§åŠçããŠã
ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã¯ãé
åžžãåèšããæå ææãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«
浞挬ããããšã«ãã€ãŠå®è¡ããããããã®éã¢ã¯
ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãæ¹æããããšã奜ãŸããããã®
æ¹æã«ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®çš®ã ã®æ段ïŒäŸãã°æ¹æçŸœæ ¹ãå
転ãããæ段ãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãå¹ãããæ段çïŒã
çšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãäž
èšã®ãããªæ¹ææ段ã®å€æŽãæ¹æé床ã®å€åçã®
æ¹ææ¡ä»¶ã®å€åã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹å質ãå€åããããš
ããªãã ç»åé²å ã¯éåžžã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ããåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹åæå ææã®é²å ãšåæ§ã«ãªãªãž
ãã«ç»åãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãä»ããŠé²å ã
ãæè¬ç¶²ç¹é²å ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹
æ³ã¯ããã®ç¶²ç¹é²å ã®éã«ç¹éæ51â22438å·å ¬
å ±ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·æ现æžã«ããå ¬ç¥
ã®ãªã¹åæå ææ代æ¿åãšç°ãªããæ¬çºæã§çšã
ãæå ææã«é©åããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãç¹
å¥ã«éžæããå¿ èŠã¯ãªããåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹åæå ææ
ã«çšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãšåäžã®ãã®ã䜿
çšããŠãåçã®ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšãã§ããã®ã§æ
å©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã網ç¹ç»åã圢æãããå Ž
åãç¹éæ54â37732å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããª
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã®å
åšäžã«äžèšã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçãè¡
ããšãããã«è¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹å質ãããããšãã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«çšããããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€
ããŸãã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãååéã¯ãå°ãªããšã
600ã§ããã該ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããŸãã¯
ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æã
ãããŠãããããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿äžã«
å«ãŸããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããšãã§ããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãª
ããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒ
ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããããšãã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªã
ãµã€ãããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªããµã€ãããã
ã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒãªããµã€ããªã©ã奜ãŸããã¯ãšãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãã®ãå°ããšã10åäœããæãããªã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããšãæ°Žãèèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
è³éŠæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãèèªé žãææ©ã¢ãã³ãããã·
ããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ã®æŽ»æ§æ°ŽçŽ ååãå°ããšãïŒå
æããååç©ãšã®çž®åç©ãããã¯äºçš®ä»¥äžã®ããª
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãã®ãããã¯ã³ããªããŒãªã©
ãå å«ãããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©å
ã¯ãã®èªå°äœãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ãïŒã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ïŒãšãŒã
ã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«èèªé žã¢ããé¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãã³é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã»ãããã¯å ±éåäœ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã°ã©ããéåç© ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéã¯ååäžã«äžã€ãš
ã¯éãããäºã€ä»¥äžå«ãŸããŠãããããã®å Žå
åã ã®ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéã10ããå°ã
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœããæã€ãŠããããã
ååäžã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœã®åèšã¯å°ã
ãšã10ã§ãªããã°ãªããªããååäžã«äºã€ä»¥äžã®
ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéãæããå Žåããã
ãã®åã ã¯ç°ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœãããš
ãã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããšãããã¬ã³ãªããµã€ã
ããæã€ãŠããŠããããæ¬çºæã§çšããããªã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯14以äž100ãŸã§ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãå
äœãå«ããã®ã§ããã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°
äœã®æ·»å éã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«ã¯ãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããïŒÃ10-4gãªãã5gã®ç¯
å²ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒÃ10-3gãªãã1gã®ç¯å²ã§ã
ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ã¯ãïŒÃ10-2gïŒ
以äžã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒÃ10-2gïŒãªãã40gïŒ
ã®ç¯å²ã®æ¿åºŠã§çšããããšãã§ããã äžèšã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã«æ¬¡ã
ã§ãåžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠå®çåŠçãè¡ãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é žå¡©
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æãç¥
ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ã
ããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠã
å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã åŠç枩床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã§éžã°ãã
ãã18âããäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãš
ããŠãããã äžè¿°ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿åŠçåã³å®çåŠçã«å ã
ãŠãé»çœåŠçã«ãããŠå ¬ç¥ã®è£å©æµŽïŒäŸãã°åæ¢
济ã硬è济ãªã©ïŒã«ããåŠçãè¡ãããšãã§ã
ãããããè£å©æµŽã«ããåŠçã®é©çšã®ææãæ¡ä»¶
çã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãçŸåäž»è¬
ãšãšãã«äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãæå
ææäžã«æ·»å ããããšã«ãããåŸæ¥äœ¿çšãããŠæ¥
ããªã¹åæå ææãšäŒæçŸå液ãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯
ã¹ãåŠç液ã®å®å®æ§ã®æ Œæ®µã®åäžåã³ç®¡çã®è»œæž
ãéæããããšãã§ããããã«ãåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ããã®ãšåçã®ç¶²ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ãæããè¶ ç¡¬
調ãªãã¬ããç»åã極ããŠçæéã®åŠçã§åŸãã
ãšãã§ããããŸããããã«ãã€ãŠãå ¬ç¥ã®ããã©
ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»å ããæå ææãšPHã®é«ãçŸå液
ãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãåŠç液ã®ã¿ãªããæå æ
æã®å®å®æ§ããæ¹è¯ã§ãããããŸããã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹
æ³åã³ãã€ããããã³ã®ã¿ãæ·»å ããæå ææãš
ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãå ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãçšãã
æ¹æ³ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠæ Œæ®µã«åªãã網ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ã
æããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããç»åãåŸãããã®ã¿ãªã
ããæ Œå¥ãªã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®éžæãè¡ãå¿
èŠããªããéåžžã®ãªã¹åæå ææã®é²å ã®éã«äœ¿
çšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã䜿ã€ãŠã該ãªã¹å
æå ææãå®çšäžåäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšãã§ã
ãã®ã§ããã æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®åçç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãçŸ
åäž»è¬ãšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãå«ã
æå ææãããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«
ã«ãªæ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã§åŠçããããã«ã網ç¹å質
ãäžå±€æ¹è¯ãããšãšãã«ãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æ¹ææ¡
件ãå€åããŠã網ç¹å質ãå€åããããšããªãã
ãšãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãåŸãããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæ²ãæ¬çºæãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æã
ãããæ¬çºæã¯ãã®å®æœäŸã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯
ãªãã å®æœäŸ 50âã«ä¿ã€ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ç¡é žé氎溶液
ãšèåã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ãåæã«50åéã§å ããã
ã®éã«PAgã7.9ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ãããå¹³åç²åŸ
0.25ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®å¯æº¶
æ§å¡©é¡ãåžžæ³ã§é€å»ããåŸããã®ä¹³å€ã«èåéïŒ
ã¢ã«åœã43mgã®ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ãã60â
ã§60åéååŠçæããããã®èåéä¹³å€ã«10ïŒ ã®
ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶è§£ãããã€ããããã³ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ã
å¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ïŒâãïŒïŒâ
ãšãã«ïŒâãã¢ãŸãªãžããªãã³ïŒãšããªãã³ãã
ãŒããã³ãå ãããããã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒ
ããã€ã«ã äžã«ééã100cm2åœã40mgã«ãªãæ§ã«
å¡åžãããã®ãã€ã«ã ãçªå·ïŒãšããããã€ãã
ããã³ã®å¡åžéã¯100cm2åœã20mgã§ããããã®ã
ã€ã«ã çªå·ïŒãšåæ§ã«è©Šæãäœè£œããéãæ¬çºæ
ã®ïŒïŒçŸ€åã³ïŒïŒçŸ€ã«å±ããååç©ãâ
ïŒãâ22ãâ43åã³â(1)ãâ(4)ãâ
ïŒ11ïŒãâïŒ18ïŒãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãæ§ã«ä¹³å€äžã«å
ãããããã®ãã€ã«ã çªå·ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãæ§ã«çª
å·ïŒãçªå·16ãšããã ãããã®ãã€ã«ã ã150ç·ã®ããŒã³ã¿ã³ã³ã¿ã¯
ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãçšããŠã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒçšé²å ãŠ
ãšããžãéããŠé²å ããåŸã次ã®çµæã®ã¢ã«ã«ãª
æ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒã§æ¹æããå Žåãšããªãå Žåãš
ã«ã€ããŠ20âã§10ç§éçŸåããåæ¢ãå®çãæ°Ž
æŽã也ç¥ãããŠåçç¹æ§ã調ã¹ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
ãŒã®æ¹æã¯åŽé¢ã«çŽ°åã®ããçªçŽ å¹ãåºãçšãã€
ããïŒã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æµŽã®åºã«å ¥ãçŸåäžäžå®
éïŒ100c.c.ïŒåïŒã®çªçŽ ãéããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã
çºæ³¡ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠè¡ã€ãã ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒåŠæ¹ Na2SO3 15.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ NaOH 44.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ NaBr 7.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ç¶²ç¹å質ã®çµæãè¡šâïŒã«è¡šããã è¡šâïŒã®äžã§ã網ç¹å質ã¯ïŒæ®µéã«èŠèŠçã«è©
䟡ãããã®ã§ããïŒããæãããããïŒããæãæª
ãå質ãè¡šããã補ççšç¶²ç¹åçãšããŠã¯ã網ç¹
å質ãïŒããïŒãã®ã¿ãå®çšå¯èœã§ããããïŒã
ãïŒããïŒãã¯å®çšçã«äžæºè¶³ãªå質ã®ç¶²ç¹ã§ã
ãã è¡šâïŒã®çµæããã網ç¹å質ãåŠçã®æ¹ææ¡ä»¶
ã«ãããäžå®ã«ä¿ãããããã«ç¶²ç¹å質ãåäžã
ãããšããããã
ååãŸãã¯é žçŽ ååãè¡šãããã¯ç¡«é»ååã奜
ãŸããã ãšïŒ¢ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããŠãããããããæ°Ž
çŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã
ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºããŸãã¯äºã«çµåããŠç
çŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äžé£œåã®ç°ïŒãããã®ç°ã¯ã¹ã«ãåº
ãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããããšã
奜ãŸãããïŒãå®æããã«å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãè¡šã
ãã äœãããšïŒ¢ãäºã«çµåããŠççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®äž
飜åç°ãå®æããå Žåã«ã¯ãïŒïœïŒã§è¡šããã
ãååç©ã¯ãã®ååäžã«ããããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåº
åã³ã«ã«ããã·åºãããªãåºããéžã°ããåºãå°
ããšãïŒã€å«æããã ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãŸãã¯
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡šããã R0ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®R0ãšå矩ã§ããã ãšïŒ§ã¯åãã§ãç°ã€ãŠããŠãããããããã
æ°ŽçŽ ååãèèªæåºããŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãè¡šã
ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïœïŒãïŒïœïŒã«ã€ããŠæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«
説æãããšããšïŒ¢ã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæåºãäŸãã°ãæªçœ®æãŸ
ãã¯ããããã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã«ã«ããã·
åºãã¹ã«ãåºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«
åºïŒçã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ïŒå¥œ
ãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯
äŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãããã«åºããããã
ã·ãšãã«åºãã¹ã«ããããã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºããã³ãžã«åºçïŒïŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®
æãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããããã·åºãããã²ã³å
åãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºçã§çœ®æãããã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯äŸãã°ããšãã«åºãïŒâ
ã¡ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒâããããã·ããšãã«åºã
ïŒâãŸãã¯ïŒâã¯ããããšãã«åºãïŒâã«ã«ãã
ã·ããšãã«åºãïŒâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºçãïŒã¢ã«
ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®
ççŽ æ°ãïŒããïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·ã«ã«ããã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ãšããã·ã«ã«ããã«åºçïŒïŒãŸãã¯äºã«çµå
ããŠäºéçµåãïŒã€ã ãæã€ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ç°
ïŒãããã®ç°ã¯ã¹ã«ãåºãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®
æåºã§çœ®æãããããšã奜ãŸããïŒãå®æããã«
å¿ èŠãªåå矀ãäŸãã°ããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºãããã©ã¡
ãã¬ã³åºçããããã¯ãäºã«çµåããŠæªçœ®æãŸã
ã¯çœ®æããããã³ãŒã³ç°ã圢æããå¿ èŠãªåºãè¡š
ããããã®ãã³ãŒã³ç°ã®çœ®æåºãšããŠã¯ãã¢ã«ã
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºçïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«åºïŒäŸã
ã°ããšãã«åºçïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢
ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ æ°ãïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ããã·åºããšããã·åºçïŒãããã²ã³åå
ïŒäŸãã°å¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååçïŒãã«ã«ããã·åºã§
眮æãããã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ã«ãã«éšå
ã®ççŽ æ°ã¯ïŒããïŒã§ãããäŸãã°ã«ã«ããã·ã¡
ãã«åºçïŒãã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢ããåºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ã¢ãª
ãŒã«åºã¯ããšãã«åºã§ãããäŸãã°ã¢ããªã³åº
çïŒãã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ãåºçãæããããšã
ã§ããã ãšããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãã«ã«ããã·åºãèèªæ
åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ããããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãäŸ
ãã°ã¡ãã«åºããšãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«åºã
ã«ã«ããã·ãšãã«åºãããããã·ãšãã«åºçãïŒ
ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãäŸãã°æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã¹ã«ãåº
ãã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã®çœ®æåºã§çœ®æãããã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ããšãã«åºïŒãäŸãã°ããšãã«
åºïœâã¹ã«ãããšãã«åºçããè¡šããã ãšïŒ§ã¯ããããæ°ŽçŽ ååãèèªæåºãäŸãã°
æªçœ®æãŸãã¯ã«ã«ããã·åºãªã©ã§çœ®æãããã¢ã«
ãã«åºïŒå¥œãŸããã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«
åºïŒãæŽã«å ·äœçã«ã¯ã¡ãã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ã¡ã
ã«åºãã«ã«ããã·ãããã«åºããªã©ãããŸãã¯ã«
ã«ããã·åºãè¡šããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®å ·äœäŸ
ãšããŠæ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæããããšãã§ããã ååç©çªå· 次ã«æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®åæäŸã
瀺ãã ååç©â(2)åæ ã¢ã«ããªã³21.8gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã
14gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«200mlã«æº¶ãããå·
åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒæ¹æããªãããäºç¡«åççŽ 19g
ïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãå ããïŒæéæ¹æããåŸãæ²åã¡
ãã«35.5gïŒ0.25ã¢ã«ïŒãå ã30åéå ç±éæµã
ããåŸãå·åŽããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãåããããšã¿
ããŒã«ããåçµæ¶ããã åé22gïŒ50ïŒ ïŒèç¹86ãïŒâ ååç©â(4)ã®åæ èæ§ã«ãª22.4gïŒ0.4ã¢ã«ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²200mlã«ã¿
ãŠãªã³25gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã溶ãããå·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以
äžïŒæ¹æããªããäºç¡«åççŽ 15.2gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã®
ãšã¿ããŒã«100mlå ãã宀枩ã«ãŠïŒæéæ¹æããŠ
åå¿ãå®çµããããåã³å·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒæ¹æ
ããªããã¢ãã¯ãã«ã¢ã»ãã³18.5gïŒ0.2ã¢ã«ïŒã
30åäœããã€ãŠæ»Žäžããã宀枩ã§ïŒæéåå¿ãã
åŸãæ¿çž®ããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãå¥ãã也ç¥ããã
ãã®çµæ¶ããšã¿ããŒã«ã«ãµã¹ãã³ãããç¡«é žé žæ§
ïŒPHïŒãïŒäœïŒäžã§30åéå ç±éæµãããåŸãå·
åŽããŠæåºããçµæ¶ãåãããåžèèæ§ã«ãªæ°Ž
溶液ããåçµæ¶ããã åé10gïŒ20ïŒ ïŒèç¹300âä»¥äž ååç©â(7)ã®åæ βâã¢ããããããªã³é ž44gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒãšèæ§
ã«ãª28gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒãå«ãã¡ã¿ããŒã«250ml溶液
ã«å·åŽäžïŒïŒâ以äžïŒäºç¡«åççŽ 30mlïŒ0.5ã¢
ã«ïŒãå ããïŒæéæ¹æããåŸããšãã·ã«ããã
ã100gïŒ0.5ã¢ã«ïŒã®ã¡ã¿ããŒã«æº¶æ¶²ãïŒâ以äž
ã«å·ããªãã滎äžãã滎äžçµäºåŸå®€æž©ã§2.5æé
æ¹æãããæ°Ž220mlãå ããåŸã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæžå§
çå»ããããããå·åŽäžæ¹æããªããå¡©é žé žæ§
ïŒPHïŒãïŒäœïŒãšãæåºããçµæ¶ãåããæ°ŽæŽ
ãããšïŒâããšãã«âïŒâïŒïŒâã«ã«ããã·ãšã
ã«ïŒâïŒâããããã·ãã¢ãŸãªãžã³âïŒâããªã³
116gãåŸãïŒèç¹132âïŒããã®çµæ¶ãæ°·é ¢é ž500
mlã«æº¶ãããŠ30åéå ç±éæµãããå·åŽããåŸã
æ°ŽïŒãå ãæåºããçµæ¶ãåããã åé89gïŒ65ïŒ ïŒèç¹134ãïŒâ ååç©â(5)ïŒâ(6)ïŒâ(8)ïŒâ(9)ïŒâ
(10)ïŒâ(11)ïŒâ(12)ïŒïŒ13ïŒïŒâïŒ14ïŒåã³
âïŒ19ïŒã¯ååç©â(4)ããã³â(7)ã®åææ³ã«
æºããŠåæã§ããã ååç©âïŒ17ïŒã®åæ ïŒâã¡ãã«ããªãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«18.1gïŒ0.1ã¢
ã«ïŒãšãããã³ãµã«ãã³18gïŒ0.15ã¢ã«ïŒãç¡æº¶
åªã§ãªã€ã«æµŽã«ãŠ130âãïŒæéåå¿ããããå
å¿åŸãã·ã¬ã³50mlãå ããŠãã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ãã
次ã«ã¢ã»ãã³50mlãå ããŠãã«ã³ããŒã·ãšã³ã
ããããã«æ°Ž50mlãå ããæŽã«ç¡«åãœãŒã28.8g
ïŒ0.12ã¢ã«ïŒã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãå ãã宀枩ã«ãŠæ¹æãã
åŸãçµæ¶ãåããã20ïŒ å«æ°Žã€ãœãããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ã§åçµæ¶ããã åé10gïŒ32ïŒ ïŒèç¹312âïŒå解ïŒãã®ä»ã®
ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãäžèšã®æç®ãåç §ããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠåæã§ããã K.C.Kennard and J.A.Van AllenèãJ.Org.
Chem.ã24å·»470ã473é ïŒ1959ïŒïŒ R.W.Lamon and W.Jã»HumplettèãJ.
Heterocycl.Chem.ãïŒå·»605â609é ïŒ1967ïŒïŒ M.Oharaã®ç¹å ¬æ39â26203ïŒM.Moritaèãè¬
èªã82å·»36â45é ïŒ1962ïŒã æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã®éã«ååšãããã«ã¯æ¬çºæ
ã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãåè¿°ããåçæå ææ
ã®æ§æå±€ã®å°ãªããšãã²ãšã€ã®å±€äžã«æ·»å ããŠã
ãããåã¯æ¬çºæã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ãã¢ã¯
ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«æ·»å ããã°ããã åçæå ææã®æ§æå±€ã«æ·»å ããå Žåã®æ¬çºæ
ã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ããã²ã³åé
ïŒã¢ã«åœã10-4ã¢ã«ä¹è³ïŒã¢ã«ãç¹ã«ïŒÃ10-4ã¢
ã«ä¹è³0.2ã¢ã«ã®ç¯å²ã§äœ¿çšããããæ·»å ããå±€
ãšããŠã¯åçä¹³å€å±€åã¯é£æ¥å±€ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«æ·»å ããå Žåã®æ¬çº
æã®ããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯ãã¢ã¯ãã
ãŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒåœãïŒmgä¹è³15gãç¹ã«10mgä¹
è³10gã®ç¯å²ã«ããã®ã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçšããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
氎溶液ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®æ°Žé žåç©ïŒäŸãã°æ°Žé ž
åãããªãŠã ãæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ïŒãçé žå¡©ïŒäŸã
ã°çé žãããªãŠã ãçé žã«ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒãããé ž
å¡©ïŒäŸãã°ç¬¬ïŒããé žãããªãŠã ã第äžããé žã«
ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒãã»ãé žå¡©ïŒäŸãã°ãã»ãé žãã¡ã¿
ã»ãé žãããªãŠã ãã»ãç ãªã©ïŒãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã«ãª
å€ãå«ãä»ãPHç·©è¡å€ãèåå€ãæ²åç©ãé žåé²
æ¢å€ïŒäŸãã°äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãã¡ã¿éäºç¡«é žã«
ãªãŠã ãªã©ïŒçãå«ãããšãã§ãããããã«å¿ èŠ
ã«å¿ãææ©ã»æº¶åªïŒäŸãã°ãžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ã
ã³ãããªãšã¿ããŒã«ã¢ãã³ãªã©ïŒã硬氎è»åå€
ïŒäŸãã°ããã©ããªãªã³é žãããªãŠã ããããµã¡
ã¿ãªã³é žãããªãŠã ããããªãããªé ¢é žãããªãŠ
ã ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žåã¯ãã®ãããªãŠã
å¡©ãªã©ïŒã硬èå€ïŒäŸãã°ã°ã«ã¿ãŒã«ã¢ã«ããã
ãªã©ïŒãç²æ§ä»äžå€ïŒäŸãã°ã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»
ã«ããŒã¹ãããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãªã©ïŒã
è²èª¿å€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãã
ãããããæ·»å å€ã®äœ¿çšéã¯éåžžã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
氎溶液ã®å Žåãšåãã§ãããåœæ¥è éã«åšç¥ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã®æ¡ä»¶
ã¯é©å®£æ±ºå®ã§ãããéåžžã®åŠç枩床ã¯18âä¹è³50
âã®ç¯å²ã«ãããããã以å€ã®æž©åºŠã§åŠçããŠã
ããã æ¬çºæã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã¯ãé
åžžãåèšããæå ææãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«
浞挬ããããšã«ãã€ãŠå®è¡ããããããã®éã¢ã¯
ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãæ¹æããããšã奜ãŸããããã®
æ¹æã«ã¯å ¬ç¥ã®çš®ã ã®æ段ïŒäŸãã°æ¹æçŸœæ ¹ãå
転ãããæ段ãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãå¹ãããæ段çïŒã
çšããããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãäž
èšã®ãããªæ¹ææ段ã®å€æŽãæ¹æé床ã®å€åçã®
æ¹ææ¡ä»¶ã®å€åã«ãã€ãŠç¶²ç¹å質ãå€åããããš
ããªãã ç»åé²å ã¯éåžžã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãããšãã§ããããŸ
ããåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹åæå ææã®é²å ãšåæ§ã«ãªãªãž
ãã«ç»åãã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãä»ããŠé²å ã
ãæè¬ç¶²ç¹é²å ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹
æ³ã¯ããã®ç¶²ç¹é²å ã®éã«ç¹éæ51â22438å·å ¬
å ±ããŸãã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2419975å·æ现æžã«ããå ¬ç¥
ã®ãªã¹åæå ææ代æ¿åãšç°ãªããæ¬çºæã§çšã
ãæå ææã«é©åããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãç¹
å¥ã«éžæããå¿ èŠã¯ãªããåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¹åæå ææ
ã«çšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãšåäžã®ãã®ã䜿
çšããŠãåçã®ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšãã§ããã®ã§æ
å©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã網ç¹ç»åã圢æãããå Ž
åãç¹éæ54â37732å·ã«èšèŒãããŠãããããª
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã®å
åšäžã«äžèšã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçãè¡
ããšãããã«è¯å¥œãªç¶²ç¹å質ãããããšãã§ã
ããæ¬çºæã«çšããããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€
ããŸãã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãååéã¯ãå°ãªããšã
600ã§ããã該ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããŸãã¯
ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«å«æã
ãããŠãããããã¢ã«ã«ãªæ§ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿äžã«
å«ãŸããŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããšãã§ããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãª
ããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒ
ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããããšãã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªã
ãµã€ãããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªããµã€ãããã
ã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒãªããµã€ããªã©ã奜ãŸããã¯ãšãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãã®ãå°ããšã10åäœããæãããªã¢
ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããšãæ°Žãèèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã
è³éŠæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãèèªé žãææ©ã¢ãã³ãããã·
ããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ã®æŽ»æ§æ°ŽçŽ ååãå°ããšãïŒå
æããååç©ãšã®çž®åç©ãããã¯äºçš®ä»¥äžã®ããª
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãã®ãããã¯ã³ããªããŒãªã©
ãå å«ãããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©å
ã¯ãã®èªå°äœãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ãïŒã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ïŒãšãŒã
ã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«èèªé žã¢ããé¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãã³é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã»ãããã¯å ±éåäœ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã°ã©ããéåç© ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéã¯ååäžã«äžã€ãš
ã¯éãããäºã€ä»¥äžå«ãŸããŠãããããã®å Žå
åã ã®ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéã10ããå°ã
ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœããæã€ãŠããããã
ååäžã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœã®åèšã¯å°ã
ãšã10ã§ãªããã°ãªããªããååäžã«äºã€ä»¥äžã®
ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãéãæããå Žåããã
ãã®åã ã¯ç°ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåäœãããš
ãã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ããšãããã¬ã³ãªããµã€ã
ããæã€ãŠããŠããããæ¬çºæã§çšããããªã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°äœã¯ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯14以äž100ãŸã§ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãå
äœãå«ããã®ã§ããã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãååç©åã¯ãã®èªå°
äœã®æ·»å éã¯ãããã²ã³åéæå ææäžã«ã¯ãã
ãã²ã³åéïŒã¢ã«åœããïŒÃ10-4gãªãã5gã®ç¯
å²ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒÃ10-3gãªãã1gã®ç¯å²ã§ã
ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ã¯ãïŒÃ10-2gïŒ
以äžã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒÃ10-2gïŒãªãã40gïŒ
ã®ç¯å²ã®æ¿åºŠã§çšããããšãã§ããã äžèšã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«ããåŠçã«æ¬¡ã
ã§ãåžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠå®çåŠçãè¡ãã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ãããå®çå€ãšããŠã¯ããªç¡«é žå¡©
ããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æãç¥
ãããŠããææ©ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ã
ããå®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠã
å¡©ãå«ãã§ãããã åŠç枩床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã§éžã°ãã
ãã18âããäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãš
ããŠãããã äžè¿°ã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿åŠçåã³å®çåŠçã«å ã
ãŠãé»çœåŠçã«ãããŠå ¬ç¥ã®è£å©æµŽïŒäŸãã°åæ¢
济ã硬è济ãªã©ïŒã«ããåŠçãè¡ãããšãã§ã
ãããããè£å©æµŽã«ããåŠçã®é©çšã®ææãæ¡ä»¶
çã¯åžžæ³ã«åŸã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã®åçç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãçŸåäž»è¬
ãšãšãã«äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãæå
ææäžã«æ·»å ããããšã«ãããåŸæ¥äœ¿çšãããŠæ¥
ããªã¹åæå ææãšäŒæçŸå液ãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯
ã¹ãåŠç液ã®å®å®æ§ã®æ Œæ®µã®åäžåã³ç®¡çã®è»œæž
ãéæããããšãã§ããããã«ãåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã
ããã®ãšåçã®ç¶²ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ãæããè¶ ç¡¬
調ãªãã¬ããç»åã極ããŠçæéã®åŠçã§åŸãã
ãšãã§ããããŸããããã«ãã€ãŠãå ¬ç¥ã®ããã©
ãžã³ååç©ãæ·»å ããæå ææãšPHã®é«ãçŸå液
ãçšããæ¹æ³ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãåŠç液ã®ã¿ãªããæå æ
æã®å®å®æ§ããæ¹è¯ã§ãããããŸããã®å ¬ç¥ã®æ¹
æ³åã³ãã€ããããã³ã®ã¿ãæ·»å ããæå ææãš
ããã©ãžã³ååç©ãå ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãçšãã
æ¹æ³ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠæ Œæ®µã«åªãã網ç¹å質åã³ç¶²é調ã
æããè¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ããç»åãåŸãããã®ã¿ãªã
ããæ Œå¥ãªã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã®éžæãè¡ãå¿
èŠããªããéåžžã®ãªã¹åæå ææã®é²å ã®éã«äœ¿
çšããã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã䜿ã€ãŠã該ãªã¹å
æå ææãå®çšäžåäžã®ç¶²é調ãåŸãããšãã§ã
ãã®ã§ããã æŽã«ãæ¬çºæã®åçç»å圢ææ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãçŸ
åäž»è¬ãšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããååç©ãå«ã
æå ææãããªã«ã«ããã«ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ã¢ã«
ã«ãªæ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã§åŠçããããã«ã網ç¹å質
ãäžå±€æ¹è¯ãããšãšãã«ãã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æ¹ææ¡
件ãå€åããŠã網ç¹å質ãå€åããããšããªãã
ãšãã倧ããªå©ç¹ãåŸãããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæ²ãæ¬çºæãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æã
ãããæ¬çºæã¯ãã®å®æœäŸã«éå®ããããã®ã§ã¯
ãªãã å®æœäŸ 50âã«ä¿ã€ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²äžã«ç¡é žé氎溶液
ãšèåã«ãªãŠã 氎溶液ãåæã«50åéã§å ããã
ã®éã«PAgã7.9ã«ä¿ã€ããšã«ãããå¹³åç²åŸ
0.25ÎŒã®èåéä¹³å€ã調補ããããã®ä¹³å€ã®å¯æº¶
æ§å¡©é¡ãåžžæ³ã§é€å»ããåŸããã®ä¹³å€ã«èåéïŒ
ã¢ã«åœã43mgã®ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã ãå ãã60â
ã§60åéååŠçæããããã®èåéä¹³å€ã«10ïŒ ã®
ãŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æº¶è§£ãããã€ããããã³ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«ã
å¢æè²çŽ ãšããŠïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ïŒâãïŒïŒâ
ãšãã«ïŒâãã¢ãŸãªãžããªãã³ïŒãšããªãã³ãã
ãŒããã³ãå ãããããã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒ
ããã€ã«ã äžã«ééã100cm2åœã40mgã«ãªãæ§ã«
å¡åžãããã®ãã€ã«ã ãçªå·ïŒãšããããã€ãã
ããã³ã®å¡åžéã¯100cm2åœã20mgã§ããããã®ã
ã€ã«ã çªå·ïŒãšåæ§ã«è©Šæãäœè£œããéãæ¬çºæ
ã®ïŒïŒçŸ€åã³ïŒïŒçŸ€ã«å±ããååç©ãâ
ïŒãâ22ãâ43åã³â(1)ãâ(4)ãâ
ïŒ11ïŒãâïŒ18ïŒãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãæ§ã«ä¹³å€äžã«å
ãããããã®ãã€ã«ã çªå·ãè¡šâïŒã«ç€ºãæ§ã«çª
å·ïŒãçªå·16ãšããã ãããã®ãã€ã«ã ã150ç·ã®ããŒã³ã¿ã³ã³ã¿ã¯
ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãçšããŠã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒçšé²å ãŠ
ãšããžãéããŠé²å ããåŸã次ã®çµæã®ã¢ã«ã«ãª
æ§ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒã§æ¹æããå Žåãšããªãå Žåãš
ã«ã€ããŠ20âã§10ç§éçŸåããåæ¢ãå®çãæ°Ž
æŽã也ç¥ãããŠåçç¹æ§ã調ã¹ããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿
ãŒã®æ¹æã¯åŽé¢ã«çŽ°åã®ããçªçŽ å¹ãåºãçšãã€
ããïŒã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿æµŽã®åºã«å ¥ãçŸåäžäžå®
éïŒ100c.c.ïŒåïŒã®çªçŽ ãéããã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ã
çºæ³¡ãããããšã«ãã€ãŠè¡ã€ãã ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒåŠæ¹ Na2SO3 15.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ NaOH 44.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ NaBr 7.0ïŒïœïŒïŒ æ°Žãå ããŠ ïŒ ç¶²ç¹å質ã®çµæãè¡šâïŒã«è¡šããã è¡šâïŒã®äžã§ã網ç¹å質ã¯ïŒæ®µéã«èŠèŠçã«è©
䟡ãããã®ã§ããïŒããæãããããïŒããæãæª
ãå質ãè¡šããã補ççšç¶²ç¹åçãšããŠã¯ã網ç¹
å質ãïŒããïŒãã®ã¿ãå®çšå¯èœã§ããããïŒã
ãïŒããïŒãã¯å®çšçã«äžæºè¶³ãªå質ã®ç¶²ç¹ã§ã
ãã è¡šâïŒã®çµæããã網ç¹å質ãåŠçã®æ¹ææ¡ä»¶
ã«ãããäžå®ã«ä¿ãããããã«ç¶²ç¹å質ãåäžã
ãããšããããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãæ
ãããã€è©²å±€åã³ãã®ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã®å°
ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ãçŸåäž»è¬ãšäžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§
è¡šããããååç©ãå«æããå®è³ªçã«è¡šé¢æœåå
ã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãç¡«é»ååãããã¯
é žçŽ ååã®ããããïŒã€ãšçªçŽ ååã«çµåããã
ãªã«ã«ããã«åºãå°ãªããšãïŒã€å«ã¿ãã€è©²çªçŽ
ååã«ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æããŠããªãååç©ã®ååš
äžã«ãPHã11.5以äžã®ã¢ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã§åŠ
çããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããåçç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³ã R1NHNHCOR2 ïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãR1ã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºã
åã¯çœ®æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããR2
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããŠãããã¢ãªãŒã«åºåã¯çœ®
æãããŠãããã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããã
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1456581A JPS57129433A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Formation of photographic image |
DE19823203554 DE3203554A1 (de) | 1981-02-03 | 1982-02-03 | Verfahren zur erzeugung eines photographischen bildes |
DE19823203661 DE3203661A1 (de) | 1981-02-03 | 1982-02-03 | Verfahren zur bildung eines photographischen bildes |
US06/480,650 US4429036A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1983-03-31 | Method of forming a photographic image |
US06/486,174 US4447522A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1983-04-18 | Method of forming a photographic image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1456581A JPS57129433A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Formation of photographic image |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS57129433A JPS57129433A (en) | 1982-08-11 |
JPS6212498B2 true JPS6212498B2 (ja) | 1987-03-19 |
Family
ID=11864671
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1456581A Granted JPS57129433A (en) | 1981-02-03 | 1981-02-03 | Formation of photographic image |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS57129433A (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63232801A (ja) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-09-28 | Nara Kikai Seisakusho:Kk | 液ç¶ç©è³ªã®ä¹Ÿç¥è£ 眮 |
JPH03123601A (ja) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-05-27 | Okawara Mfg Co Ltd | 液ç¶ç©ç²æ«åè£ çœ® |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0673005B2 (ja) * | 1985-01-24 | 1994-09-14 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
JPH0695198B2 (ja) * | 1986-08-12 | 1994-11-24 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 網ç¹ç»åå質ãæ¹è¯ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
-
1981
- 1981-02-03 JP JP1456581A patent/JPS57129433A/ja active Granted
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63232801A (ja) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-09-28 | Nara Kikai Seisakusho:Kk | 液ç¶ç©è³ªã®ä¹Ÿç¥è£ 眮 |
JPH03123601A (ja) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-05-27 | Okawara Mfg Co Ltd | 液ç¶ç©ç²æ«åè£ çœ® |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS57129433A (en) | 1982-08-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4385108A (en) | Method of forming negative dot images | |
US4447522A (en) | Method of forming a photographic image | |
US4323643A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials | |
US4241164A (en) | Highly-sensitive high-contrast photographic materials | |
US4429036A (en) | Method of forming a photographic image | |
JPH0473937B2 (ja) | ||
US4965169A (en) | Method for forming a high contrast negative image | |
JPH06148777A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
JPH035730B2 (ja) | ||
JPS624701B2 (ja) | ||
JPH0115855B2 (ja) | ||
JPS6212498B2 (ja) | ||
JPS624704B2 (ja) | ||
JPS6148696B2 (ja) | ||
JPS6212499B2 (ja) | ||
JPH0690457B2 (ja) | åççŸååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
JP3034457B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
JPS6138457B2 (ja) | ||
JP2525585B2 (ja) | è¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãã¬åããã²ã³åéæå ææ | |
WO1995032453A1 (en) | Novel dihydrazides as dot-promoting agents in photographic image systems | |
JPH044578B2 (ja) | ||
JP3362291B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ | |
JPH05257239A (ja) | ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ | |
JPH01179940A (ja) | è¶ ç¡¬èª¿ãªãã¬ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ | |
JP3116177B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |