JPS619551A - Rare earth element-iron type permanent magnet alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a rare earth element-iron type permanent magnet alloy having high magnetic flux density and high coercive force even in the form of a bulk material formed by a sintering method by which a material is easily worked into a desired shape by providing a specified composition. CONSTITUTION:This rare earth element-iron type permanent magnet alloy has a composition represented by the formula, wherein alpha, beta and gamma are atomic ratio, R is at least one kind of element selected among Y and rare earth elements, X is one or more among B, C, N, O, P, H, S, Al and Si, M is one or more among Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Re, Ge and Ru, 0.001<=alpha<=0.5, 0.5<=beta<=0.95, 0.001<=gamma<=0.1, and alpha+beta+gamma<1.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は、希土類鉄系永久磁石合金に関するものである
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy.

［発明の技術的背景とその問題点〕 希土類金属（Ｒ）と鉄（Ｆｅ）　　とからなる金属間化
合物は大ぎな結晶磁気異方性と高い飽和磁化を有し、高
保磁力、および高エネルギー積を有する永久磁石合金と
して有望であり、更に従来の希土類コバルト磁石に比べ
て原料が安価であるなどの利点がある。特に、几・Ｆｅ
　　に第３成分を加えることで高性能化を回ることが研
究されている（　８．５８゜金属学会秋期大会予稿集Ｐ
、６８１、特開昭５９−４６００８号等）。[Technical background of the invention and its problems] Intermetallic compounds consisting of rare earth metals (R) and iron (Fe) have large crystal magnetic anisotropy and high saturation magnetization, and have high coercive force and high energy product. It is promising as a permanent magnet alloy having the following characteristics, and has the advantage that the raw material is cheaper than conventional rare earth cobalt magnets. In particular, 几・Fe
Research is being done on improving performance by adding a third component to (8.58゜ Japan Institute of Metals Autumn Conference Proceedings P
, 681, JP-A-59-46008, etc.).

しかしながら従来の希土類鉄系の永久磁石合金は、通常
の熔解、粉砕後、焼結してバルク状に形成した場合、最
適な熱処理を施しても、低い保磁力しか得られず、実用
的な永久磁石としては不十分であった。However, when conventional rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloys are melted, crushed, and then sintered to form a bulk shape, even after optimal heat treatment, only a low coercive force can be obtained, making it difficult to obtain practical permanent magnets. It was insufficient as a magnet.

特にキュリ一点が実用性を考えた場合十分とはいえず、
問題が残る。In particular, one cucumber is not enough when considering practicality.
Problems remain.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明は前記問題点を考慮して滌されたもので、任意の
形状加工が容易な焼結法によってバルク材を形成しても
、高磁束密度、高保磁力を有し、高いエネルギー積を保
持し、かつ温度条件に優れた希土類鉄系永久磁石合金を
提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention has been developed in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and even if a bulk material is formed by a sintering method that allows easy processing into arbitrary shapes, it has high magnetic flux density, high coercive force, and maintains a high energy product. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy that has excellent temperature conditions.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

本発明は希土類鉄系のＲ−Ｘ−Ｆｅ　系に第４元素を添
加して、通常の焼結法によってバルク材を形成しても優
れた磁気特性を有する希土類鉄系永久磁石合金であり、
次式 ％式％ ただし　α、β、ｒは原子比 ＲＡＭ及び希土類元素の少なくとも一 種 Ｘ：Ｂ、Ｃ，Ｎ、０．Ｐ、Ｈ，８，Ａ／及び８１から選
ばれた少なくとも一種 Ｍ；人ｇ、Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ、Ｒｅ、Ｇｅ及（ＪＲｕか
ら選ばれた少なくとも一種 ０．０００１≦α≦０．５ ０．５　　　≦β≦０．９５ ０．００１≦γ≦０．１ α＋β＋ｒ（１，０ で表わされる組成を有することを特徴とするものである
。The present invention is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy that has excellent magnetic properties even when a fourth element is added to a rare earth iron-based R-X-Fe system and a bulk material is formed by a normal sintering method.
The following formula % formula % where α, β, r are the atomic ratio RAM and at least one rare earth element X: B, C, N, 0. At least one type M selected from P, H, 8, A/, and 81; At least one type selected from Person g, Pt, Pd, Rh, Re, Ge, and (JRu 0.0001≦α≦0.5 0. 5≦β≦0.95 0.001≦γ≦0.1 α+β+r(1,0).

本発明においてＲ−Ｆｅ系に添加する第三元素Ｘとして
はＢｅ　Ｃ＋　Ｎ＊　Ｏｓ　Ｐ＋　Ｈｒ　８．ＩＪＨ８
ｉ等″が挙げられる。これら第三元素Ｘを添加すること
によりＲ−Ｘ−Ｆｅの三元系で安定な正方晶系の結晶構
造が得られると共に、正方晶のＣ軸に沿って磁気的な異
方性を持たせて保磁力が向上するものである。In the present invention, the third element X added to the R-Fe system is Be C+ N* Os P+ Hr 8. IJH8
By adding these third elements X, a stable tetragonal crystal structure is obtained in the ternary system of R-X-Fe, and magnetic The coercive force is improved by imparting a certain anisotropy.

Ｘとしては、特にＢ及びＣが有効である。As X, B and C are particularly effective.

この場合Ｘの添加量αの原子数比が０．００１未満の場
合には焼結性が悪く、保磁力の上昇が認められず永久磁
石合金としては実用的ではなく、またαが０．５を越え
てＸを多量に添加すると磁束密度が低下するので、Ｘの
添加量αを上記範囲に規定した。なお好ましくは０．０
４≦α≦０．２０の範囲である。In this case, if the atomic ratio of the addition amount α of If a large amount of X is added exceeding the above range, the magnetic flux density will decrease, so the amount α of X to be added is defined in the above range. Preferably 0.0
The range is 4≦α≦0.20.

ｔた第４元素Ｍとしテハ、Ａｇ、Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、ｆＬｈ、
Ｒｅ、Ｇｅ及びＲｕが挙げられる。このＭを添加するこ
とによりキュリ一点が上昇する。これはＦｅの原子間距
離が大きくなるために考えられる。このＭの添加量は０
．００１未満ではキュリ一点上昇の効果が得られず、０
．１を越えると磁束密度、保磁力が低下してしまう他に
、キュリ一点も上昇しない。好ましくは０．００５≦ｒ
≦０．０４で特に効果がある。The fourth element M is T, Ag, Pt, Pd, fLh,
Mention may be made of Re, Ge and Ru. By adding this M, the Curie point increases by one point. This is thought to be due to the increased interatomic distance of Fe. The amount of M added is 0
．． If it is less than 001, the effect of raising Curie by one point cannot be obtained, and 0
．． If it exceeds 1, the magnetic flux density and coercive force will not only decrease, but will not increase by a single point. Preferably 0.005≦r
Particularly effective is ≦0.04.

Ｆｅは本発明磁石合金において磁束密度を向上させるの
に有効な作用をなし、その添加量βが、０．５未満であ
ると、十分な正方晶形結晶構造が得られず、磁束密度も
低下する。また０、９５を越えてＦｅの添加量が多くな
ると保磁力が低下するので、上記範囲に規定する必要が
あり、特に０．６≦β≦０．８６の範囲が好ましい。Fe has an effective effect in improving the magnetic flux density in the magnet alloy of the present invention, and if the added amount β is less than 0.5, a sufficient tetragonal crystal structure cannot be obtained and the magnetic flux density also decreases. . Further, if the amount of Fe added exceeds 0.95 and the coercive force decreases, it is necessary to specify the above range, and the range of 0.6≦β≦0.86 is particularly preferable.

希土類元素Ｒとしては、Ｃｅ、　Ｐｒ、　Ｎｄ、　８ｍ
、　Ｍ、Ｍ（ミツシュメタル）などが挙げられ、これら
Ｙ及びＲは保磁力を向上させるのに必須の元素であり、
その添加量が少ないと保磁力が極端に低下するので、Ｏ
，ＯＳ〜Ｏ，ａＯの範囲が好ましい。Rare earth elements R include Ce, Pr, Nd, 8m
, M, M (mitshu metal), etc., these Y and R are essential elements to improve coercive force,
If the amount added is small, the coercive force will be extremely reduced, so O
, OS to O, aO is preferable.

上記組成の合金は、例えば溶解、粉砕後、圧粉成形し、
得られた圧粉成形体を焼結した後、熱処理を行って永久
磁石とする等の一般に知られている方法で形成すること
ができる。The alloy having the above composition is, for example, melted, crushed, and then compacted.
After the obtained green compact is sintered, it can be formed by a generally known method such as performing heat treatment to form a permanent magnet.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明に係る希土類鉄系永久磁石合金によれば、任意の
形状加工が容易な焼結法によってバルク材を形成しても
、高磁束密度、高保磁力を有し、高いエネルギー積を有
し、かつキュリ一点が高く温度特性に優れるなど、顕著
な効果を得ることができる。According to the rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy according to the present invention, even if a bulk material is formed by a sintering method that allows easy processing into any shape, it has a high magnetic flux density, a high coercive force, and a high energy product. It also has remarkable effects such as a high curri point and excellent temperature characteristics.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

（実施例） 第１表に示す組成の合金試料を高周波溶解し、ジョーク
２ツシヤーブラウンミルを用いて粗粉砕後、ジェットミ
ルによる微粉砕を行った。この場合、粉砕媒体はＮ、ガ
スを用い、得られた粒子の平均粒径は５μｍである。こ
の微粉末を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で配向後、２トｌ−の圧
力で磁場印加方向と直角にプレスして圧縮成形し、縦ｌ
Ｑ、ｍ、横ＩＱａｘ厚さ８３Ｅｌ＋の板状圧粉成形体を
得た。(Example) Alloy samples having the composition shown in Table 1 were high-frequency melted, coarsely pulverized using a Joke 2 Tsushear Brown mill, and then finely pulverized using a jet mill. In this case, N gas is used as the grinding medium, and the average particle size of the obtained particles is 5 μm. After orienting this fine powder in a magnetic field of 15 KOe, it was compressed and molded by pressing at a pressure of 2 torr perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field application.
A plate-shaped powder compact having Q, m, lateral IQax and thickness of 83El+ was obtained.

次にとの圧粉成形体を焼結した後ミ熱処理を施して永久
磁石を形成し、その残留磁束密度：Ｂｒ。Next, the powder compact is sintered and then subjected to heat treatment to form a permanent magnet, the residual magnetic flux density of which is Br.

保磁カニｚＨｃ、および最大エネルギー積：　（ＢＨ）
ｍａｘを測定し、その結果を第１表に示した。Coercion crab zHc and maximum energy product: (BH)
max was measured and the results are shown in Table 1.

なお圧粉成形体の焼結条件、および熱処理条件は、次の
Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃの倒れか一つの条件を用いたＡ：圧粉成形体
を１１００℃×１時間、アルゴン雰囲気中で焼結した後
、６００℃×２時間の時効処理を行う。The sintering conditions and heat treatment conditions for the compacted compact are as follows: A, the compacted compact is sintered at 1100°C for 1 hour in an argon atmosphere. After that, aging treatment is performed at 600°C for 2 hours.

Ｂ：圧粉成形体を１０８０℃×１　時間アルゴン雰囲気
中で焼結した後、６５０℃×１時間と５５０℃×２時間
の二段の時効処理を行う。B: After sintering the powder compact in an argon atmosphere at 1080°C for 1 hour, it is subjected to two-step aging treatment at 650°C for 1 hour and 550°C for 2 hours.

Ｃ：圧粉成形体を１０５０℃×１時間アルゴン雰囲気中
で焼結した後、５５０℃×２時間の時効処理を行い、そ
の後、室温まで１℃／ｍｉｎの冷却速度で制御冷却を行
う。C: After sintering the compacted powder in an argon atmosphere at 1050° C. for 1 hour, aging treatment is performed at 550° C. for 2 hours, and then controlled cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 1° C./min to room temperature.

（ただし焼結温度は±１０℃の範囲内）（比較例） 本発明磁石合金と比較するために、従来の几−Ｂ−Ｆｅ
合金、本発明の規定を外れる範囲の合金Ｉこついても、
上記実施例と同様に永久磁石を製造した。(However, the sintering temperature is within the range of ±10°C) (Comparative example) In order to compare with the present invention magnet alloy, the conventional 几-B-Fe
Alloy, even if alloy I falls outside the scope of the present invention,
A permanent magnet was manufactured in the same manner as in the above example.

この磁気特性についても同様に測定し、その結果を第２
表に併記した。This magnetic property was also measured in the same way, and the results were used as a second
Also listed in the table.

第　　１　　表 以下余色 第　　２　　表 上表の結果から明らかな如く、本発明に係る希土類鉄系
永久磁石合金は、任意の形状加工が容易な焼結法によっ
てバルク材を形成しても、高磁束密度、高保磁力、を高
いエネルギー積を有するとともにキュリ一点が高く顕著
な効果を有するものである。As is clear from the results shown in Table 1 and Table 2 above, the rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy according to the present invention has high performance even when a bulk material is formed by a sintering method that allows easy processing into any shape. It has a high magnetic flux density, high coercive force, high energy product, and has a remarkable effect with a high Curie point.

又、耐食性向上のため、Ｎｉ、　Ｍｇ　、　Ｃｒ　＋　
Ｔｉ＋　ｋｌ　’系を０，１〜ｌＱａｔｍ％程度含有さ
せても良い。（隠４）。In addition, to improve corrosion resistance, Ni, Mg, Cr +
Ti+kl' system may be contained in an amount of about 0.1 to 1Qatm%. (Hidden 4).

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 次式 Ｒ＿１＿−＿α＿−＿β＿−＿γＸαＦｅ＿βＭγただ
しα、β、γは原子比 Ｒ；Ｙ及び希土類元素の少なくとも一 種 Ｘ；Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｏ、Ｐ、Ｈ、Ｓ、Ａｌ及びＳｉから選
ばれた少なくとも一種 Ｍ；Ａｇ、Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ、Ｒｅ、Ｇｅ及びＲｕから
選ばれた少なくとも一種 ０．００１≦α≦０．５ ０．５≦β≦０．９５ ０．００１≦γ≦０．１ α＋β＋γ＜１．０ で表わされる組成を有することを特徴とした希土類鉄系
永久磁石合金。[Claims] The following formula R_1_-_α_-_β_-_γXαFe_βMγ where α, β, and γ are the atomic ratio R; Y and at least one rare earth element X; B, C, N, O, P, H, S, Al and at least one selected from Si; at least one selected from Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Re, Ge, and Ru 0.001≦α≦0.5 0.5≦β≦0.95 0.001 A rare earth iron-based permanent magnet alloy having a composition expressed by ≦γ≦0.1 α+β+γ<1.0.