JPS6153160A - Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition - Google Patents

Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition

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Publication number
JPS6153160A
JPS6153160A JP59171989A JP17198984A JPS6153160A JP S6153160 A JPS6153160 A JP S6153160A JP 59171989 A JP59171989 A JP 59171989A JP 17198984 A JP17198984 A JP 17198984A JP S6153160 A JPS6153160 A JP S6153160A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
mol
voltage
varistor
ceramic composition
noise
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP59171989A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0551553B2 (en
Inventor
野井 慶一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP59171989A priority Critical patent/JPS6153160A/en
Priority to DE8585103135T priority patent/DE3563610D1/en
Priority to EP85103135A priority patent/EP0157276B1/en
Publication of JPS6153160A publication Critical patent/JPS6153160A/en
Priority to US06/930,995 priority patent/US4781859A/en
Publication of JPH0551553B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0551553B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は電子機器や電気機器で発生する異常電圧、ノイ
ズ、静電気などを吸収もしくは除去する5rTi○3を
主成分とする電圧依存性非直線抵抗体を得るための電圧
依存性非直線抵抗体磁器組成物に関するものである。
Detailed Description of the Invention: Industrial Field of Application The present invention relates to a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor mainly composed of 5rTi○3, which absorbs or removes abnormal voltage, noise, static electricity, etc. generated in electronic and electrical equipment. The present invention relates to a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition for obtaining.

従来例の構成とその問題点 従来、各種電子機器、電気機器における異常高電圧(以
下サージと吸ぶ)の吸収、雑音の除去。
Conventional structure and its problems Traditionally, it has been used to absorb abnormally high voltages (hereinafter referred to as surges) and remove noise in various electronic and electrical devices.

火花消去などのために電圧依存性非直線抵抗特性を有す
るSiCバリスタやZno系バリスタなどが使用されて
いた。このようなバリスタの電圧−電流特性は近似的に
次式のように表わすことができる。
SiC varistors, Zno-based varistors, and the like having voltage-dependent nonlinear resistance characteristics have been used to eliminate sparks and the like. The voltage-current characteristics of such a varistor can be approximately expressed as follows.

I = (V/C)CL ここで、工は電流、■は電圧、Cはバリスタ固有の定数
であり、αは電圧非直線指数である。
I = (V/C) CL Here, Δ is the current, ■ is the voltage, C is a constant specific to the varistor, and α is the voltage nonlinear index.

SiCバリスタのαは2〜7程度、ZnO系バリスタで
はαが50にもおよぶものがある。このようなバリスタ
はサージのように比較的高い電圧の吸収には優れた性能
を有しているが、誘電率が低く固有静電容量が小さいた
め、バリスタ電圧以下の低い電圧(例えばノイズなど)
の吸収に対してはほとんど効果を示さず、また誘電損失
角tanδも5〜10%と大きい。
The α of SiC varistors is about 2 to 7, and the α of some ZnO-based varistors is as high as 50. Although such varistors have excellent performance in absorbing relatively high voltages such as surges, their low dielectric constant and small specific capacitance prevent them from absorbing low voltages below the varistor voltage (e.g. noise).
The dielectric loss angle tan δ is as large as 5 to 10%.

一方、これら低電圧のノイズなどの除去には組成や焼成
条件を適轟に選択することにより、見かけの誘電率が6
 X 104〜6×104程度でtanδが1多前後の
半導体磁器コンデンサが利用されている。しかし、この
ような半導体磁器コンデンサはサージなどによりある限
度以上の電流が素子に印加されると破壊したり、コンデ
ンサとしての機能を果たさなくなったりする。
On the other hand, to remove these low voltage noises, the apparent dielectric constant can be reduced to 6 by appropriately selecting the composition and firing conditions.
Semiconductor ceramic capacitors with a tan δ of around 1 are used. However, such semiconductor ceramic capacitors break down or cease to function as a capacitor when a current exceeding a certain limit is applied to the element due to a surge or the like.

上記のような理由で電気機器、電子機器においては、サ
ージ吸収やノイズ除去などの目的のために通常バリスタ
とコンデンサおよび他の部品(例えばコイルなど)とを
組み合わせて使用され、例えばノイズフィルタはこのよ
うな構成になっている。
For the reasons mentioned above, in electrical and electronic equipment, varistors are usually used in combination with capacitors and other parts (e.g. coils) for purposes such as surge absorption and noise removal.For example, noise filters use this combination. It is structured like this.

第1図は一般的な従来のノイズフィルタ回路を示し、第
2図はバリスタとコンデンサおよびコイルを組み合わせ
て構成された従来のノイズフィルタ回路を示している。
FIG. 1 shows a general conventional noise filter circuit, and FIG. 2 shows a conventional noise filter circuit constructed by combining a varistor, a capacitor, and a coil.

ここで、1はコイル、2はコンデンサ、3はバリスタで
ある。
Here, 1 is a coil, 2 is a capacitor, and 3 is a varistor.

しかし、第1図に示したノイズフィルタはサージに弱く
、第2図に示したノイズフィルタは部品点数が多く、比
較的大型となるため、機器全体の小形化動向に相反し、
コスト高になるといった欠点を有していた。
However, the noise filter shown in Fig. 1 is susceptible to surges, and the noise filter shown in Fig. 2 has many parts and is relatively large.
It had the disadvantage of high cost.

発明の目的 本発明は上記のような従来のサージ吸収、ノイズ除去に
おける欠点を除去し、バリスタとコンデンサの両方の機
能を有し、1個の素子です7ジ吸収およびノイズ除去が
可能な複合機能を有するノくリスクを作るのに好適な磁
器組成物を提供することを目的としている。
Purpose of the Invention The present invention eliminates the drawbacks of conventional surge absorption and noise removal as described above, and has the functions of both a varistor and a capacitor, and is a single element.7 Composite functions capable of surge absorption and noise removal. The object of the present invention is to provide a porcelain composition suitable for making a porcelain porcelain composition having a porcelain porcelain composition.

発明の構成 本発明では上記目的を達成するために、SrとTiの原
子比率がSr/Ti=1.050〜0.950のS r
 T103を93.000〜99.995 モル%と、
Y2O3を0.001〜2.000 モル%と、Co2
O3をo、oo1〜2.000モル%と、CuOを0.
001〜1 、000 モル%と、Ag2Oを0.00
1〜1 、000  モル% ト、SiC2を0.00
1〜1.○Ocg:ルチ含有してなる電圧依存性非直線
抵抗体磁器組成物、およびSrとTiの原子比率が /
T1 = 1 、050〜0.950のS r T I
Osを91.000〜99.994 モル%と、Y2O
3を0.001〜2.000 モル%と、Co2O3を
0.001〜2.○oOモル %と、CuOを0.o0
1〜1.000モル係と、Ag2Oを0.001〜1 
、000モルモル、SiC2を0.001〜1 、00
0 モ/l/%と、B2032MnO2,Ni○。
Structure of the Invention In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses Sr with an atomic ratio of Sr and Ti of Sr/Ti=1.050 to 0.950.
93.000 to 99.995 mol% of T103,
0.001 to 2.000 mol% of Y2O3 and Co2
O3 is o, oo1-2.000 mol%, CuO is 0.
001-1,000 mol% and 0.00 Ag2O
1 to 1,000 mol%, SiC2 0.00
1-1. ○Ocg: Voltage-dependent non-linear resistor ceramic composition containing Ti, and the atomic ratio of Sr and Ti is /
T1 = 1, S r T I of 050-0.950
Os in 91.000 to 99.994 mol% and Y2O
3 in an amount of 0.001 to 2.000 mol%, and Co2O3 in an amount of 0.001 to 2.000 mol%. ○oO mol % and CuO 0. o0
1 to 1.000 molar ratio and 0.001 to 1 Ag2O
,000 mol, SiC2 0.001-1,00
0 mo/l/% and B2032MnO2, Ni○.

Mo03r B e○、Fe2O3,A12o3Li2
0.Cr2O3,ZrO2゜PbO,BaO,CaO,
MgO,TiO2,ZnO,P2O6,5b2o3゜Y
2O5からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種類以上
の酸化物を0.001〜2,000 モル係含有してな
る電圧依存性非直線抵抗体fi1組成物に係わるもので
ある。
Mo03r B e○, Fe2O3, A12o3Li2
0. Cr2O3, ZrO2゜PbO, BaO, CaO,
MgO, TiO2, ZnO, P2O6, 5b2o3゜Y
The present invention relates to a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor fi1 composition containing 0.001 to 2,000 moles of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of 2O5.

実施例の説明 以下に本発明による実施例を挙げて具体的に説明する。Description of examples EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples.

〈実施例〉 S r Co s t T 102をSrとTiの原子
比率がSr/Ti=0.980になるように秤量し、ボ
ールミルなどで約20間粉砕混合し、乾燥させた後再び
粉砕し、プレス王1.0汐 で80φx s o’ (
++w)に仮成形する。上記成形体を1200°Cで4
時間焼成し、再びボールミルなどで約20時間粉砕して
主原料となるS r T iOsを作成した。
<Example> S r Co s t T 102 was weighed so that the atomic ratio of Sr and Ti was Sr/Ti = 0.980, pulverized and mixed in a ball mill etc. for about 20 minutes, dried, and then pulverized again. , press king 1.0 shio 80φx s o' (
Temporarily mold into ++w). The above molded body was heated at 1200°C.
The mixture was fired for an hour and then ground again for about 20 hours using a ball mill or the like to produce S r TiOs as the main raw material.

次に、5rTi○3t Y2O3t Co 20s t
 Cuo t Ag2Ot S i02 tおよびB2
O3,MnO2,Nip、MoO2,Be09Fe20
3.Al2O3゜L i、O,Cr2O3,ZrO2、
PbO、B aOt CaO,MgO、T i○2゜z
nO2P2o6,5b2o3.v206ヲ下記ノ第1表
ニ示ス組成比になるように秤量し、ボールミルなどで約
12時間混合し、乾燥後全重数に対して約10wt%の
ポリビニルアルコールなどの有機結合剤を加えて造粒し
た後、プレス圧1.0権で10φ×1t(謳)の円板状
に成形する。
Next, 5rTi○3t Y2O3t Co 20s t
Cuo t Ag2Ot S i02 t and B2
O3, MnO2, Nip, MoO2, Be09Fe20
3. Al2O3゜Li, O, Cr2O3, ZrO2,
PbO, B aOt CaO, MgO, T i○2゜z
nO2P2o6,5b2o3. Weigh v206 so that the composition ratio is as shown in Table 1 below, mix it in a ball mill etc. for about 12 hours, and after drying, add about 10 wt% of an organic binder such as polyvinyl alcohol based on the total weight. After granulation, it is molded into a disc shape of 10φ x 1t using a press pressure of 1.0 mm.

上記成形体を空気中で1000°C,2時間焼成した後
、N2(90%)+H2(10%′)の還元雰囲気中で
約1400°C,2時間焼成し、次に再び空気中で12
00°C,3時間焼成して第3図に示す素子4を得た。
The above molded body was fired in air at 1000°C for 2 hours, then in a reducing atmosphere of N2 (90%) + H2 (10%') at about 1400°C for 2 hours, and then again in air for 12 hours.
After baking at 00°C for 3 hours, element 4 shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.

次に、上記素子4の側平面に銀などの導電性ペーストを
塗布し、550°Cで焼付けることにより電極5,6を
形成した。
Next, a conductive paste such as silver was applied to the side plane of the element 4 and baked at 550°C to form electrodes 5 and 6.

上記の操作によって得られた素子の特性を以下の第2表
に示す。
The characteristics of the device obtained by the above operations are shown in Table 2 below.

以下余白 ここで、素子のバリスタとしての特性評価は上述した電
圧−電流特性式 %式%) (ただし、■は電流、■は電圧、Cはバリスタ固有の定
数、αは非直線指数)におけるαとCによって行なうこ
とが可能である。しかし、Cの正確な測定は困難である
ため、本発明においては1mAのバリスタ電流を流した
時の単位厚み当りのバリスタ電圧(以下V、mA/ra
n と呼ぶ)の値と、a = 1 / l og(V1
0mA/V1mA )(ただし、■1omAは10mA
のバリスタ電流を流した時のバリスタ電圧、71mAは
1 mAのバリスタ電流を流した時のバリスタ電圧)の
値によりバリスタとしての特性評価を行っている。
Margin below Here, the characteristic evaluation of the element as a varistor is the voltage-current characteristic formula % formula %) (where ■ is the current, ■ is the voltage, C is a constant unique to the varistor, and α is a nonlinear index). This can be done by and C. However, since accurate measurement of C is difficult, in the present invention, the varistor voltage per unit thickness (hereinafter referred to as V, mA/ra) when a varistor current of 1 mA is applied is
n) and a = 1/log(V1
0mA/V1mA) (However, ■1omA is 10mA
Characteristics as a varistor are evaluated based on the value of the varistor voltage when a varistor current of 71 mA is applied, and 71 mA is the varistor voltage when a varistor current of 1 mA is applied.

また、コンデンサとしての特性評価は測定周波数1 k
Hzにおける誘電率ε、誘電損失角tanδで行ってい
る。
In addition, the characteristic evaluation as a capacitor is performed at a measurement frequency of 1 k
The dielectric constant ε at Hz and the dielectric loss angle tan δ are used.

以上に示したように基本的に必要とするバリスタ特性と
コンデンサ特性は素体の粒界に生じる高抵抗バリヤによ
り発現される。
As shown above, the basically required varistor characteristics and capacitor characteristics are expressed by the high resistance barrier generated at the grain boundaries of the element body.

従って、粒子内部を高抵抗化することなく粒界のみを高
抵抗化する添加物が有効となる。
Therefore, additives that increase the resistance only at the grain boundaries without increasing the resistance inside the grains are effective.

S r T iOsに添加物としてY2O3,C02Q
3.CuO。
Y2O3, C02Q as additives to S r TiOs
3. CuO.

Aq20.SiO2を加えることにより、比較的バリス
タ電圧が低く、シかも誘電率の大きい素体が得られる。
Aq20. By adding SiO2, an element body having a relatively low varistor voltage and a high dielectric constant can be obtained.

さらに、これらにB2O3,MnO2,N iO、Mo
O2,BaO。
Furthermore, these include B2O3, MnO2, N iO, Mo
O2, BaO.

Fe203JA1203.Li2Q、Cr2O3,Zr
O2,PbO9Ba○。
Fe203JA1203. Li2Q, Cr2O3, Zr
O2, PbO9Ba○.

Cab、MgO,TiO2,ZnQ、P2O5,5b2
03.P2O5を加えると、αを改善することができる
Cab, MgO, TiO2, ZnQ, P2O5, 5b2
03. Adding P2O5 can improve α.

また、それぞれの添加量が規定量の範囲より少ないと効
果を示さないし、規定量の範囲を超えるとバリスタ電圧
が急増し、誘電率の低下を招くため望ましくない。さら
に、Sr/Tiの比率は半導体化に大きく影響し、規定
した範囲外では半導体化が抑制され、誘電率が小さくな
る。
Further, if the amount of each additive is less than the specified amount range, no effect will be exhibited, and if it exceeds the specified amount range, the varistor voltage will increase rapidly and the dielectric constant will decrease, which is not desirable. Furthermore, the Sr/Ti ratio greatly influences semiconductor formation, and outside the specified range, semiconductor formation is suppressed and the dielectric constant becomes small.

また、実施例では添加物の組合せについては−    
  b部のみ示したが、どのような組合せでも規定の範
囲内であれば同様の効果があることを確認した。
In addition, in the examples, the combination of additives is -
Although only part b is shown, it was confirmed that any combination can have the same effect as long as it is within the specified range.

以上述べたように本発明によれば、バリスタと′コンデ
ンサの両方の機能を同時に得ることができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, the functions of both a varistor and a capacitor can be obtained at the same time.

第1図に示した従来のフィルタ回路では、第5図に示し
たノイズ入力Aに対して出力状況曲線Cとなシ、十分に
ノイズを除去していない。
The conventional filter circuit shown in FIG. 1 does not sufficiently remove noise, as shown in the output situation curve C for the noise input A shown in FIG.

第2図に示した従来のバリスタを含むノイズフィルタ回
路では、第5図に示したノイズ入力Aに対して出力状況
曲線Bとなり、ノイズ除去されるが部品点数が多く、比
較的大型でコスト高となる。
In the conventional noise filter circuit including the varistor shown in Fig. 2, the output situation curve B is obtained for the noise input A shown in Fig. 5, and noise is removed, but it requires a large number of parts, is relatively large, and is expensive. becomes.

そこで、本発明による素子を使用して第4図に示すよう
な回路を作ったところ、第5図に示したノイズ入力Aに
対して出力状況曲線Bとなり、ノイズを十分に除去する
ことができた。
Therefore, when a circuit as shown in Fig. 4 was made using the element according to the present invention, the output situation curve B was obtained for the noise input A shown in Fig. 5, and the noise could not be sufficiently removed. Ta.

なお第4図で7は本発明による素子、8はコイルである
In FIG. 4, 7 is an element according to the present invention, and 8 is a coil.

発明の効果 以上述べたように本発明による磁器組成物を利用した素
子は、従来にないバリスタとコンデンサの複合機能を有
し、しかも従来のノイズフィルタ回路を簡略化し、小形
、高性能、低コスト化に寄与するものであり、各種電気
機器、電子機器のサージ吸収、ノイズ除去に利用可能で
あり、その実用上の価値は極めて大きい。
Effects of the Invention As described above, the device using the ceramic composition of the present invention has an unprecedented combined function of a varistor and a capacitor, and also simplifies the conventional noise filter circuit, making it compact, high-performance, and low-cost. It can be used for surge absorption and noise removal in various electrical and electronic devices, and its practical value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図、第2図はそれぞれ従来のノイズフィルタ回路を
示す図、第3図は本発明による磁器組成物を用いた素子
の断面図、第4図は第3図の素子を用いたノイズフィル
タ回路を示す図、第5図は従来および本発明による素子
を用いたノイズフィルタ回路による入力ノイズと出力状
況を示す特性図である。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第1
図 第4図 第5図 一周浚数(Mt−i7−)
Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams showing conventional noise filter circuits, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an element using the ceramic composition of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a noise filter using the element shown in Figure 3. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing input noise and output conditions of noise filter circuits using elements according to the prior art and the present invention. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 4 Figure 5 Number of dredges per lap (Mt-i7-)

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)SrとTiの原子比率がSr/Ti=1.050
〜0.950のSrTiO_3を93.000〜99.
995モル%と、Y_2O_3を0.001〜2.00
0モル%と、Co_2O_3を0.001〜2.000
モル%と、CuOを0.001〜1.000モル%と、
Ag_2Oを0.001〜1.000モル%と、SiO
_2を0.001〜1.000モル%含有してなる電圧
依存性非直線抵抗体磁器組成物。
(1) The atomic ratio of Sr and Ti is Sr/Ti=1.050
~0.950 SrTiO_3 from 93.000 to 99.00.
995 mol% and Y_2O_3 from 0.001 to 2.00
0 mol% and 0.001 to 2.000 Co_2O_3
mol%, CuO 0.001 to 1.000 mol%,
0.001 to 1.000 mol% of Ag_2O and SiO
A voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition containing _2 in an amount of 0.001 to 1.000 mol%.
(2)SrとTiの原子比率がSr/Ti=1.050
〜0.950のSrTiO_3を91.000〜95.
994モル%と、Y_2O_3を0.001〜2.00
0モル%と、Co_2O_3を0.001〜2.000
モル%と、CuOを0.001〜1.000モル%と、
Ag_2Oを0.001〜1.000モル%と、SiO
_2を0.001〜1.000モル%と、B_2O_3
、MnO_2、NiO、MoO_3、BeO、Fe_2
O_3、Al_2O_3、Li_2O、Cr_2O_3
、ZrO_2、PbO、BaO、CaO、MgO、Ti
O_2、ZnO、P_2O_5、Sb_2O_3、V_
2O_5、からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種類
以上の酸化物を0.001〜2.000モル%含有して
なる電圧依存性非直線抵抗体磁器組成物。
(2) The atomic ratio of Sr and Ti is Sr/Ti=1.050
~0.950 SrTiO_3 at 91.000~95.
994 mol% and Y_2O_3 from 0.001 to 2.00
0 mol% and 0.001 to 2.000 Co_2O_3
mol%, CuO 0.001 to 1.000 mol%,
0.001 to 1.000 mol% of Ag_2O and SiO
0.001 to 1.000 mol% of _2 and B_2O_3
, MnO_2, NiO, MoO_3, BeO, Fe_2
O_3, Al_2O_3, Li_2O, Cr_2O_3
, ZrO_2, PbO, BaO, CaO, MgO, Ti
O_2, ZnO, P_2O_5, Sb_2O_3, V_
A voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition containing 0.001 to 2.000 mol% of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of 2O_5.
JP59171989A 1984-03-30 1984-08-18 Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition Granted JPS6153160A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59171989A JPS6153160A (en) 1984-08-18 1984-08-18 Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition
DE8585103135T DE3563610D1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-18 VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT NON-LINEAR RESISTANCE CERAMIC COMPOSITION
EP85103135A EP0157276B1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-18 Voltage-dependent non-linear resistance ceramic composition
US06/930,995 US4781859A (en) 1984-03-30 1986-11-14 Voltage-dependent non-linear resistance ceramic composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59171989A JPS6153160A (en) 1984-08-18 1984-08-18 Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6153160A true JPS6153160A (en) 1986-03-17
JPH0551553B2 JPH0551553B2 (en) 1993-08-02

Family

ID=15933464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59171989A Granted JPS6153160A (en) 1984-03-30 1984-08-18 Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6153160A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62252903A (en) * 1986-04-25 1987-11-04 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit andmanufacture of the same
JPS62282412A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit
JPS62282413A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62252903A (en) * 1986-04-25 1987-11-04 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit andmanufacture of the same
JPS62282412A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit
JPS62282413A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-08 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage nonlinear resistance unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0551553B2 (en) 1993-08-02

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