JPS5941838B2 - Spot welding electrode - Google Patents

Spot welding electrode

Info

Publication number
JPS5941838B2
JPS5941838B2 JP1654779A JP1654779A JPS5941838B2 JP S5941838 B2 JPS5941838 B2 JP S5941838B2 JP 1654779 A JP1654779 A JP 1654779A JP 1654779 A JP1654779 A JP 1654779A JP S5941838 B2 JPS5941838 B2 JP S5941838B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
tip
chip
welding
tungsten
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP1654779A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS55109583A (en
Inventor
貢 坂井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Subaru Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP1654779A priority Critical patent/JPS5941838B2/en
Publication of JPS55109583A publication Critical patent/JPS55109583A/en
Publication of JPS5941838B2 publication Critical patent/JPS5941838B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0205Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、変形や割れが起りにくく、亜鉛メッキ鋼板の
溶接時に亜鉛の付着が生じにくい電極チップを備えたス
ポット溶接用電極に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a spot welding electrode having an electrode tip that is less likely to be deformed or cracked, and less likely to have zinc adhesion during welding of galvanized steel sheets.

亜鉛メッキ鋼板は、近年、耐食性を備えた安価な材料と
して評価され、その需要が増加している。
In recent years, galvanized steel sheets have been evaluated as corrosion-resistant and inexpensive materials, and the demand for them is increasing.

しかし、亜鉛メッキ鋼板のスポット溶接には、溶接時に
電極チップと鋼板との間に介在する亜鉛層が電極チップ
に付着したり、電極材料金属と合金化したりするなどの
悪影響を与え、電極チップの変形、導電性の低下ひいて
は被溶接材中の電流密度の低下を起し、電極チップが早
期に消耗し、あるいは亜鉛層が剥離するという問題があ
る。従来、この問題を解決するために、種々の努力がな
されているが、未だに十分に克服されていない。スポッ
ト溶接の電極チップは、被溶接材に直接接触してこれに
電流と加圧力とを伝えることである。このため、電極チ
ップの先端部は、圧縮応力を受けつつ、被溶接材の昇温
によつて加熱され、また急速に冷却される。この熱履歴
の一例として、第1図に示した先端面の外径が12mm
φ、長さが15mEの円錐台形の電極チップ1を電極本
体2の先端部に嵌着し、この本体2の外径を15關φ、
内径を8mmφとし、本体2内に冷却水管3を挿入した
下部電極を用い、厚さ1.6mmの軟鋼板のスポット溶
接を行なつた場合の前記チップ1の先端部a、末端冷却
面b、冷却水管3の先端部cの各部の温度変化は第2図
の通りである。この場合の溶接条件は電流11500A
、通電時間16サイクル、加圧力360kg、ホールド
時間4サイクル、溶接速度1点/1秒、冷却水量1.3
5、e、/分である。第2図から明らかなように、電極
チップ1先端部は1点の溶接で約250゜Cに達し、以
後溶接点数の増加に従つて5〜6点の溶接で約400℃
の最高加熱温度に達する。そして、亜鉛メッキ鋼板のス
ポット溶接は、溶接条件を高めにすることが好ましいと
されている。
However, spot welding of galvanized steel sheets has negative effects such as the zinc layer interposed between the electrode tip and the steel sheet adhering to the electrode tip or alloying with the electrode material metal during welding, resulting in There are problems such as deformation, a decrease in conductivity, and a decrease in current density in the material to be welded, premature wear of the electrode tip, or peeling of the zinc layer. Conventionally, various efforts have been made to solve this problem, but it has not yet been satisfactorily overcome. The electrode tip for spot welding directly contacts the material to be welded and transmits current and pressure thereto. Therefore, the tip of the electrode tip is heated by the temperature rise of the welded material while being subjected to compressive stress, and is rapidly cooled. As an example of this thermal history, the outer diameter of the tip surface shown in Figure 1 is 12 mm.
A truncated conical electrode tip 1 with a length of 15 mE is fitted onto the tip of the electrode main body 2, and the outer diameter of the main body 2 is 15 mE.
The tip a of the tip 1, the end cooling surface b, when spot welding a mild steel plate with a thickness of 1.6 mm using a lower electrode with an inner diameter of 8 mmφ and a cooling water pipe 3 inserted into the main body 2, The temperature changes at each part of the tip c of the cooling water pipe 3 are shown in FIG. The welding conditions in this case are a current of 11,500A.
, energization time 16 cycles, pressurizing force 360 kg, hold time 4 cycles, welding speed 1 point/1 second, cooling water amount 1.3
5,e,/min. As is clear from Fig. 2, the tip of the electrode tip 1 reaches approximately 250°C with one welding point, and thereafter, as the number of welding points increases, it reaches approximately 400°C with welding of 5 to 6 points.
reaches maximum heating temperature. In spot welding of galvanized steel sheets, it is said that it is preferable to set high welding conditions.

そこで、上記の厚さ1.6mmの軟鋼板よりかなり薄い
厚さ1.0關の亜鉛メッキ鋼板ではあるが、溶接条件を
上記軟鋼板の場合より高めにするため電流、通電時間だ
けをそれぞれ1O、400A、19サイクルに変えたと
ころ、第1図の電極のチップ先端部は、1点の溶接で第
3図に示すような熱履歴を有することが測定された。こ
れによればチップ先端部は、1点の溶接で亜) 鉛の融
点である419°Cよりも遥かに高い600℃の温度に
達している。
Therefore, although the galvanized steel sheet is about 1.0 mm thick, which is much thinner than the 1.6 mm thick mild steel sheet mentioned above, in order to make the welding conditions higher than in the case of the mild steel sheet mentioned above, only the current and the current application time were set to 1 O each. , 400 A, and 19 cycles, it was determined that the tip end of the electrode shown in FIG. 1 had a thermal history as shown in FIG. 3 due to one welding point. According to this, the tip end reaches a temperature of 600°C, which is much higher than the melting point of zinc (419°C), by welding at one point.

従つて、第2図の軟鋼板の例から多点連続して溶接した
場合には、チップ先端部の温度は600℃よりさらに上
昇すると類推される。j 従来のこの種電極チップの材
料としてはクロム銅のような銅合金が使用されているが
、クロム銅の電極チップを用いて亜鉛メッキ鋼板を溶接
した場合の、下部電極側の前記鋼板の凹みを測定すると
、第4図のようになる。
Therefore, from the example of the mild steel plate in FIG. 2, it can be inferred that if multiple points are continuously welded, the temperature at the tip end will rise even further than 600°C. j Conventionally, a copper alloy such as chromium copper is used as the material for this type of electrode tip, but when a galvanized steel plate is welded using a chromium copper electrode tip, there is a dent in the steel plate on the lower electrode side. When measured, the results are as shown in Figure 4.

この凹みaは主として亜鉛層の電極チツプへの付着によ
る剥離に起因しており、この剥離は初期の溶接打点では
起らないが、300点では既に烈しく剥離が生じている
ことがわかる。前述したように、従来の電極チツプに使
用されていた材料はクロム銅などの銅合金で、銅合金は
亜鉛との親和力が強く、溶融亜鉛との漏れもよい。
This dent a is mainly caused by peeling of the zinc layer due to its adhesion to the electrode chip, and although this peeling does not occur at the initial welding points, it can be seen that severe peeling has already occurred at the 300th welding point. As mentioned above, the material used for conventional electrode chips is a copper alloy such as chromium copper, which has a strong affinity with zinc and has good leakage with molten zinc.

また、前述したように電極チツプの先端部は亜鉛の融点
以上の温度に加熱されるので、銅合金や銅からなる電極
チツプへの亜鉛の付着は避けられない。そこで、近年、
銅合金以外の材料を用いた電極チツプの研究が行なわれ
、第5図に示すようにタングステンWを用いた電極チツ
プ11を電極本体12の先端部に嵌着したものが開発さ
れた。
Further, as described above, since the tip of the electrode tip is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of zinc, adhesion of zinc to the electrode tip made of copper alloy or copper is unavoidable. Therefore, in recent years,
Research has been carried out on electrode chips using materials other than copper alloys, and an electrode chip 11 made of tungsten W fitted into the tip of an electrode body 12 was developed as shown in FIG.

タングステンは、第6図から明らかなように、熱伝導率
と比抵抗が銅Cuと鉄Feとの中間であり、タングステ
ンからなる電極チツプを用いて前記第4図の場合と同様
な実験を行なつたところ、亜鉛メツキ鋼板の凹みは第7
図の結果が得られた。第7図から明らかなように、65
0点の溶接打点でもタングステンの電極チツプでは亜鉛
層の剥離がほとんど生じない。従つて、亜鉛メツキ鋼板
のスポツト溶接用電極の電極チツプとしてタングステン
は有望な材料と考えられる。しかし、タングステンの電
極チツプは脆く割れが生じ易く、寿命が短いという欠点
があるため、その実用化が妨げられていた。そこで、本
発明は、タングステンの割れの発生原因を究明し、これ
割れを防止した新規な電極チツプを得ることにより、完
成されたものである。
As is clear from Figure 6, tungsten has a thermal conductivity and resistivity that are between those of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), and an experiment similar to that shown in Figure 4 was conducted using an electrode tip made of tungsten. When the galvanized steel plate was worn out, the dent in the galvanized steel plate was 7th.
The results shown in the figure were obtained. As is clear from Figure 7, 65
Even at zero welding points, the zinc layer hardly peels off with the tungsten electrode tip. Therefore, tungsten is considered to be a promising material as an electrode tip for spot welding electrodes for galvanized steel sheets. However, tungsten electrode chips are brittle, easily cracked, and have a short lifespan, which has hindered their practical use. Therefore, the present invention was completed by investigating the cause of cracking in tungsten and by obtaining a new electrode chip that prevents cracking.

すなわち、タングステンの電極チツプに割れが発生する
原因について検討したところ、(1)被溶接材に加圧力
を伝えることにより生じ、時には衝撃的に働く圧縮応力
()不均一なチツプ内部の温度分布 ()急激な温度の上昇と下降 が挙げられる。
In other words, when we investigated the causes of cracks in tungsten electrode chips, we found that (1) compressive stress, which is generated by transmitting pressure to the material to be welded and sometimes acts as an impact, () non-uniform temperature distribution inside the chip ( ) sudden rise and fall in temperature.

これらの因子はいずれもスポツト溶接では必然的に発生
するものである。また、割れが発生する2次的な要因と
しては、従来のタングステンからなる篭極チツプは脆く
、このチツプの側面方向の変形が比較的容易であるため
と考えられる。従つて、本発明では、タングステンのチ
ツプ主体の側面方向への変形を拘束すれば割れの発生を
阻止できることに鑑み、チツプ主体を比較的高い強度と
靭性を有する保持リングに嵌着して電極チツプを構成す
ることにより、変形や割れが起りにくく、かつ亜鉛メツ
キ鋼板の溶接時に亜鉛の付着が生じにくい電極チツプを
備えたスポツト溶接用の電極を提供することを目的とす
るものである。
All of these factors inevitably occur in spot welding. Further, a secondary factor for the occurrence of cracks is thought to be that the conventional gauntlet chip made of tungsten is brittle, and the chip is relatively easily deformed in the lateral direction. Therefore, in the present invention, in view of the fact that cracking can be prevented by restraining the deformation of the tungsten chip main body in the lateral direction, the electrode chip is assembled by fitting the chip main body into a retaining ring having relatively high strength and toughness. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode for spot welding that has an electrode tip that is resistant to deformation and cracking, and resistant to the adhesion of zinc during welding of galvanized steel sheets.

そして、本発明は、第6図から明らかなように、モリブ
デンMもタングステンに近似した熱伝導率と比抵抗を有
しているので、チツプ主体として用いることができ、ま
たタングステン、モリブデンの合金も用いることができ
る。さらに、前述したように、電極チツプは亜鉛メツキ
鋼板の溶接時には600′C以上に加熱されるので、チ
ツプ主体を嵌着したリングは、例えばSUS62O鋼な
どの常温からその最高上昇温度すなわち約7000C程
度までの温度範囲で比較的高い強度と靭性とを有するも
のであることが必要である。すなわち、本発明によるス
ポツト溶接用電極は、タングステン、モリブデンまたは
これらの合金からなるチツプ主体を、常温からその最高
上昇温度までの温度範囲で比較的高い強度と靭性とを有
する金属からなる保持リングに嵌着した電極を備えたこ
とを特徴とするものである。
As is clear from FIG. 6, molybdenum M can also be used as the main chip because it has thermal conductivity and resistivity similar to tungsten, and alloys of tungsten and molybdenum can also be used. Can be used. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the electrode tip is heated to over 600'C during welding of galvanized steel sheets, so the ring into which the tip is fitted has a maximum temperature rise of about 7000C from room temperature, such as SUS62O steel. It is necessary that the material has relatively high strength and toughness in the temperature range up to That is, the spot welding electrode according to the present invention consists of a chip mainly made of tungsten, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof, and a retaining ring made of a metal that has relatively high strength and toughness in the temperature range from room temperature to its maximum temperature rise. It is characterized by having a fitted electrode.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の一実帷例を具体的に説明
する。
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

第8図において、符号21は電極チツプで、このチツプ
21は、タングステンの粒子を必要に応じてバインダー
と共に析出硬化型ステンレス鋼であるSUS63O鋼か
らなる保持リング24を型としてその内部に充填し、充
填物を軸方向から加圧しつつ全体を加熱することにより
、タングステン粒子を焼結させてチツプ主体25を前記
リング24内にこれと一体に嵌着させたものである。
In FIG. 8, reference numeral 21 denotes an electrode chip, and this chip 21 is filled with tungsten particles and a binder as needed using a retaining ring 24 made of SUS63O steel, which is a precipitation hardening type stainless steel, as a mold. By heating the entire filling while applying pressure in the axial direction, the tungsten particles are sintered and the chip main body 25 is fitted into the ring 24 integrally therewith.

前記電極チツプ21は、先端面ではチツプ主体25とリ
ング24とが同一平面上に位置し、チツプ主体25の末
端面からリング24の末端部が突出しており、この突出
部を圧入嵌合などによつて、銅または銅合金からなる奄
極本体22の先端部に形成した環状溝26に嵌着し、電
極本体22の先端面外周部から突出させたものである。
以上のように構成された電極は、亜鉛メツキ鋼板を被溶
接材27とする溶接時に第9図に示すように、タングス
テンからなるチツプ主体25に作用する外力は、電極本
体22からの加圧力F1と、被溶接材27からの反力F
2と、これらによるチツプ主体25外側に作用する力に
対するリング24からの拘束力F3であり、この拘束力
F3によつてチツプ主体25に作用する外力は静水圧状
態に近づく。
In the electrode chip 21, the chip main body 25 and the ring 24 are located on the same plane at the distal end surface, and the distal end of the ring 24 protrudes from the distal end surface of the chip main body 25. Therefore, it fits into an annular groove 26 formed at the tip of the electrode body 22 made of copper or copper alloy, and protrudes from the outer periphery of the tip surface of the electrode body 22.
In the electrode configured as described above, when welding a galvanized steel plate as the material to be welded 27, as shown in FIG. and the reaction force F from the material to be welded 27
2 and a restraining force F3 from the ring 24 against the force acting on the outside of the chip main body 25 due to these forces, and this restraining force F3 causes the external force acting on the chip main body 25 to approach a hydrostatic pressure state.

従つて、チツプ主体25がタングステンから構成してあ
つても、これに割れが生じにくい。以上説明したように
、本発明のスポツト溶接用電極は、電極チツプがタング
ステン、モリブデンまたはこれらの合金からなるチツプ
主体を有しているので、亜鉛メツキ鋼板の溶接を行なつ
ても、亜鉛層の剥離が少なく、亜鉛のチツプ主体への付
着もないので、亜鉛メツキ鋼板の溶接部の外観を損じる
ことがなく、チツプ主体の消耗も少なく、また、チツプ
主体を前記のような比較的高い強度と靭性をもつ金属か
らなる保持リングに嵌着したことにより、チツプ主体が
タングステン、モリブデンまたはこれらの合金からなり
、割れ易いものであつてもその割れを防止でき、従つて
前述のように消耗が少ないことと相まつて、チツプ主体
の寿命が長く、電極チツプ全体としても実用に好適する
ものを提供できる。
Therefore, even if the chip main body 25 is made of tungsten, it is unlikely to be cracked. As explained above, in the spot welding electrode of the present invention, since the electrode tip has a chip mainly made of tungsten, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof, even when galvanized steel sheets are welded, the zinc layer is not removed. Since there is little peeling and there is no adhesion of zinc to the main body of the chip, the appearance of the welded part of the galvanized steel sheet is not damaged, there is little wear on the main body of the chip, and the main body of the chip has relatively high strength as mentioned above. By fitting into a retaining ring made of tough metal, even if the chip is mainly made of tungsten, molybdenum, or an alloy of these, it can be prevented from cracking, and as a result, there is less wear and tear as mentioned above. In addition, the life of the chip itself is long, and the electrode chip as a whole is suitable for practical use.

なお、本発明の溶接用電極は亜鉛メツキ鋼板の上下電極
として使用できるだけではなく、それ以外の被溶接材の
スボツト溶接にも使用でき、この場合でも電極チツプの
寿命が長いという効果が得られる。
The welding electrode of the present invention can be used not only as upper and lower electrodes for galvanized steel sheets, but also for spot welding of other materials to be welded, and even in this case, the effect of long life of the electrode tip can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は銅合金からなる電極チツプを備えたスポツト溶
接用電極の要部を示す側断面図、第2図は第1図の電極
による軟鋼板溶接時の電極チツプの時間一温度特性図、
第3図は同亜鉛メツキ鋼板の1回の溶接時の温度特性図
、第4図は第1図の電極による亜鉛メツキ鋼板溶接時の
溶接回数一亜鉛メツキ鋼板の凹み特性図、第5図はタン
グステンからなる電極チツプを備えたスポツト溶接用電
極の要部を示す側断面図、第6図は各種金属材料の熱伝
導率一比抵抗特性図、第7図は第6図の電極による亜鉛
メツキ鋼板溶接時の溶接回数一亜鉛メツキ鋼板の凹み特
性図、第8図は本発明の一実施例によるスポツト溶接用
電極の要部を示す側断面図、第9図は同作用説明図であ
る。 1,11,21・・・・・・電極チツプ、2,12,2
2・・・・・・電極本体、3・・・・・・冷却水管、2
4・・・・・・保持リング、25・・・・・・チツプ主
体、26・・・・・・環状溝、27・・・・・・被溶接
材。
Fig. 1 is a side sectional view showing the main parts of a spot welding electrode equipped with an electrode tip made of a copper alloy, Fig. 2 is a time-temperature characteristic diagram of the electrode tip when welding a mild steel plate with the electrode of Fig. 1;
Figure 3 is a temperature characteristic diagram during one welding of the same galvanized steel sheet, Figure 4 is a diagram of the dent characteristic of the galvanized steel plate as a function of the number of welds when welding the galvanized steel plate with the electrode of Figure 1, and Figure 5. 6 is a side sectional view showing the main parts of a spot welding electrode equipped with an electrode tip made of tungsten, FIG. 6 is a thermal conductivity-specific resistance characteristic diagram of various metal materials, and FIG. Fig. 8 is a side cross-sectional view showing the essential parts of a spot welding electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the same action. be. 1, 11, 21... Electrode chip, 2, 12, 2
2... Electrode body, 3... Cooling water pipe, 2
4... Retaining ring, 25... Chip main body, 26... Annular groove, 27... Material to be welded.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 タングステン、モリブデンまたはこれらの合金から
なるチップ主体を、常温からその最高上昇温度までの温
度範囲で比較的高い強度と靭性とを有する金属からなる
保持リングに嵌着した電極チップを備えたことを特徴と
するスポット溶接用電極。
1. An electrode tip consisting of a tip mainly made of tungsten, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof fitted into a retaining ring made of a metal that has relatively high strength and toughness in the temperature range from room temperature to its maximum temperature rise. Features of spot welding electrodes.
JP1654779A 1979-02-15 1979-02-15 Spot welding electrode Expired JPS5941838B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1654779A JPS5941838B2 (en) 1979-02-15 1979-02-15 Spot welding electrode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1654779A JPS5941838B2 (en) 1979-02-15 1979-02-15 Spot welding electrode

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS55109583A JPS55109583A (en) 1980-08-23
JPS5941838B2 true JPS5941838B2 (en) 1984-10-09

Family

ID=11919285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1654779A Expired JPS5941838B2 (en) 1979-02-15 1979-02-15 Spot welding electrode

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5941838B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006095549A (en) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-13 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd ELECTRODE FOR SPOT WELDING OF STEEL PLATE PLATED WITH Mg COMPONENT-CONTAINING ZINC-BASED ALLOY
CN107206541A (en) * 2015-01-14 2017-09-26 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 Welding electrode, the method and apparatus for welding filled board

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0324388U (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-03-13
JP5083930B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2012-11-28 日新製鋼株式会社 Spot welding electrode
DE102014008623A1 (en) 2014-06-17 2015-12-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Method for resistance spot welding a sandwich material and apparatus therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006095549A (en) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-13 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd ELECTRODE FOR SPOT WELDING OF STEEL PLATE PLATED WITH Mg COMPONENT-CONTAINING ZINC-BASED ALLOY
JP4683890B2 (en) * 2004-09-28 2011-05-18 日新製鋼株式会社 Mg component-containing Zn-based alloy plated steel plate spot welding electrode
CN107206541A (en) * 2015-01-14 2017-09-26 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 Welding electrode, the method and apparatus for welding filled board
CN107206541B (en) * 2015-01-14 2020-05-05 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 Welding electrode, method and device for welding sandwich panels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55109583A (en) 1980-08-23

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