JPS59212819A - Optical control element - Google Patents
Optical control elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPS59212819A JPS59212819A JP8638983A JP8638983A JPS59212819A JP S59212819 A JPS59212819 A JP S59212819A JP 8638983 A JP8638983 A JP 8638983A JP 8638983 A JP8638983 A JP 8638983A JP S59212819 A JPS59212819 A JP S59212819A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- axis
- light
- electrode
- electric field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/05—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect with ferro-electric properties
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、光制御素子に関するものであって、光信号を
所定の方向に切り換えて送出したり、光通
の通弊を選択的に制御する装置に好適な固体化された素
子を提供するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a light control element, which is a solid-state device suitable for a device that switches and sends an optical signal in a predetermined direction or selectively controls the passage of light. The present invention provides a device that is
光信号伝送系においても、電気信号伝送系の切換スイッ
チと同様に、光信号を所定の方向に切り換えて送出する
光切換スイッチが用いられている２このような光切換ス
イッチとして、たとえば第１図に示寸ように、２個の三
角プリズムＰＡ、Ｐｎと１個の平行四辺形プリズムＰＣ
七を組み合りせ、Ｂから入射される光をＡあるいはＣに
切り換えて送出するように構成されたものがある、第１
図において、三角プリズムＰＡ’、 ＰＲは底辺が同一
線になるように配置され、平行四辺形プリズムｐｃは三
角フ。In optical signal transmission systems, an optical changeover switch is used that switches an optical signal in a predetermined direction and sends it out, similar to the changeover switch in an electrical signal transmission system.2 An example of such an optical changeover switch is shown in Fig. 1. Two triangular prisms PA, Pn and one parallelogram prism PC as shown in
There is one that is configured to combine light from B to switch to A or C and send it out.
In the figure, the triangular prisms PA' and PR are arranged so that their bases are on the same line, and the parallelogram prism pc is arranged in a triangular shape.
リズムＰＡ、ＰＢの底辺に対して平行に移動で鎗ろよう
に配置されている。なお、ＬＡ、 ＬＢ、 ＬＯはレン
ズである。このような構成において、平行四辺形プリズ
ムｐｃが実線で示す位置にある場合には、Ｂから入射さ
れる光は平行四辺形プリズムＰＣを介して三角プリズム
ＰＨに入射さねて光路０［送出されろう一方、平行四辺
形プリズムＰＣが破線で示す位置にある場合には、Ｂか
ら入射される光は直接三角プリズムＰＡに入射されて光
路Ａに送出される。The rhythms are arranged like a spear by moving parallel to the bottom of the rhythms PA and PB. Note that LA, LB, and LO are lenses. In such a configuration, when the parallelogram prism pc is at the position shown by the solid line, the light incident from B passes through the parallelogram prism PC and enters the triangular prism PH, and is directed to the optical path 0 [sent out. On the other hand, when the parallelogram prism PC is in the position shown by the broken line, the light incident from B is directly incident on the triangular prism PA and sent out to the optical path A.
しかし、このような構成によれば、平行四辺形プリズム
ｌ）Ｏを機械的に移動させて光路を切り換えているので
、切換速度は比較的低速（数ｍｓ）となり、信頼性にも
欠ける。また、移動要素を含んでいるので、光路体とし
て比較的細径（ｇ６ ＴＯＯ７＋ｍ程度）の光７フイバ
ーを用いる場合には、構成要素間の位置調整がむずかし
くなろう
一方、他の光制御装置として、光の通過を選択的に制御
するように構成されたものがある１、このような装置は
、表示装置や光書込装置等に有効である。However, according to such a configuration, since the optical path is switched by mechanically moving the parallelogram prism l)O, the switching speed is relatively slow (several ms), and reliability is also lacking. In addition, since it includes moving elements, when using a relatively small diameter optical fiber (about g6 TOO7 + m) as an optical path body, it will be difficult to adjust the position between the components, while it is difficult to adjust the position between the components. Some devices are configured to selectively control the passage of light.1 Such devices are effective for display devices, optical writing devices, and the like.
従来、こい種の装置と１．て、たとえば液晶板を用いた
ものが提案されているが、比較的寿命が短見・こと、動
作速度が遅いこと、構成要素が流動素子であって組立に
相当の工数を要すること、温度変化の影響が大きいこと
−などの欠点がある。Conventionally, this type of device and 1. For example, devices using liquid crystal plates have been proposed, but they have relatively short lifespans, slow operating speeds, require a considerable amount of man-hours to assemble as the components are fluid elements, and are susceptible to temperature changes. There are disadvantages such as the large influence of
本発明は、これら従来の欠点を解決するために、Ｚカッ
トモリブデン酸ガドリニウム単結晶基板と、この基板の
両面に被着された透明電極と、これら透明電極間に任意
の極性の電界を選択的圧加える手段と、前記基板を選択
的に加熱する手段とを具備し、前記基板を加熱した状態
で電界を加えて基板のＹ軸を反転させることを特徴とす
る光制御素子を実現したものである、
以下、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。In order to solve these conventional drawbacks, the present invention provides a Z-cut gadolinium molybdate single crystal substrate, transparent electrodes deposited on both sides of this substrate, and an electric field of arbitrary polarity between these transparent electrodes. A light control element is realized, comprising means for applying pressure and means for selectively heating the substrate, and applying an electric field while the substrate is heated to invert the Y axis of the substrate. Yes, this will be explained in detail below using the drawings.
第２図は、本発明の一実施例を示す構成説明図であって
、１１は２カツトモリブデン酸ガドリニウム単結晶基板
（以下基板といつＬ １２．１３は基板１１の両面に被
着された透明電極、１４〜１６は透明電極１２．＋３を
外部と接続するための取出電極である。FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which 11 is a two-gadolinium cut molybdate single crystal substrate (hereinafter referred to as "substrate"). Electrodes 14 to 16 are extraction electrodes for connecting the transparent electrodes 12.+3 to the outside.
基板１１としては、第５図て示すようにＹ軸とＹ軸とが
対角線方向に直交するようにしてＺ力、トされた対象と
する光の波長に応じた膜厚のものを用いる。透明電極＋
２．Ｌ５は、例えばＴｎ２０ｓ −５ｎ２ｏ、をスパッ
タリングあるいは真空蒸着により形成する。As shown in FIG. 5, the substrate 11 used has a film thickness that corresponds to the wavelength of the light to which the Z force is applied so that the Y axes are orthogonal to each other in the diagonal direction. Transparent electrode +
2. L5 is formed of, for example, Tn20s-5n2o by sputtering or vacuum deposition.
取出電極１４〜１６は、例えばＣｒ及びＡｕをスノくツ
タリングにより積層形成する。なお、取出電極１４には
＋Ｖａを印加し、取出電極１５は接地し、取出電極１６
には＋ｖｂまたは−Ｖｂを印加する。The extraction electrodes 14 to 16 are formed by laminating, for example, Cr and Au by slatting. Note that +Va is applied to the extraction electrode 14, the extraction electrode 15 is grounded, and the extraction electrode 16
+vb or -Vb is applied to.
このような構成において、基板１１に電界を加えること
により、その極性に応じて第３図（ａｌ、（ｂｌのよう
に基板１１の２軸が反転してＹ軸とＹ軸とが切り換わる
スイッチング動作を行う。例えば、Ｎａ−Ｄ線（波長５
８９５ Ａ’ ）に対するＹ軸、Ｙ軸間の複屈折率Δｎ
は４Ｘ１０−’であるが、スイッチング動作時にはΔｎ
の絶対値（主変化オろことなく符号のみが変化すること
になる。すなわち、Ｙ軸、Ｙ軸に対して４５度傾斜した
状態の直線偏光を入射すると、Ｙ軸。In such a configuration, by applying an electric field to the substrate 11, the two axes of the substrate 11 are reversed and switched between the Y-axis and the Y-axis as shown in FIGS. For example, Na-D rays (wavelength 5
Birefringence Δn between Y-axis and Y-axis for 895 A')
is 4X10-', but during switching operation Δn
Absolute value (only the sign changes, not the main change. In other words, when linearly polarized light is incident at a 45 degree angle to the Y axis, the Y axis.
Ｙ軸に泊−た２成分間には、基板１１の厚さＩと複屈折
率Δｎに比例した位相差Ｆが生じる。これらは次式で表
わさねろ。A phase difference F proportional to the thickness I of the substrate 11 and the birefringence Δn occurs between the two components located on the Y axis. These can be expressed by the following formula.
Ｆ−（２πΔ１．１）／λＩＩ
なお、λυは波長であろう
従、て、位相差Ｆがπ／２になるように基板１１の厚さ
ｌを調整し、この基板１１の両面に透明電極１２゜１３
を形成してこれら透明電極１２．１３に印加する電圧の
極性を切り換えることにより、波長λ０の光のＹ軸、Ｙ
軸に沿った２成分間の位相差を＋π／２ と−π／２の
間でスイッチングさせることができる。F-(2πΔ1.1)/λII Note that λυ is the wavelength. Therefore, the thickness l of the substrate 11 is adjusted so that the phase difference F becomes π/2, and transparent electrodes are placed on both sides of the substrate 11. 12°13
By forming λ0 and switching the polarity of the voltage applied to these transparent electrodes 12 and 13,
The phase difference between the two components along the axis can be switched between +π/2 and −π/2.
そして、この光路にπ／２だけ光に対して位相バイアス
を与えるλ／４板を設けることにより、前述の２成分間
の位相差をπとＯの間でスイッチングさせることができ
る。このよりなπと０との間のスイッチングは、互いに
直交する直線偏光間のスイッチングと等価の作用シそる
ことに？Ｃ；ｌ）。By providing a λ/4 plate that gives a phase bias to the light by π/2 in this optical path, the phase difference between the two components described above can be switched between π and O. Does this switching between π and 0 have an effect equivalent to switching between mutually orthogonal linear polarizations? C;l).
ところで、第２図のよつｔ「基板１１にパルス状の電圧
＋Ｖｔ＞または−ｖｂを印加して駆動−Ｆノ）ためては
、基板１１の厚さを０．５ｍｍとすると、常Ｔ局状態で
は＋００Ｖ、１ｍｓ以上の電圧が必要であった。そこで
、本発明では、透明電極１２．４３間に任意の極性の電
界を選択的に加える手段と共番（、基板１１を選択的に
加熱する手段を設け、基板１１を加熱した状態で電界を
加えて基板１１のＹ軸を反転させるようにしている。By the way, as shown in FIG. Therefore, in the present invention, a voltage of +00 V for 1 ms or more is required.Therefore, in the present invention, a means for selectively applying an electric field of arbitrary polarity between the transparent electrodes 12 and 43 (and a means for selectively heating the substrate 11) is used. The Y-axis of the substrate 11 is reversed by applying an electric field while the substrate 11 is heated.
第２区の突施例では、透明電極′Ｉ２をヒータとしても
用いている。すな：））ち、透明τ１１棲１２の取出電
極１４にパルス状の信号＋Ｖｉ、を加気て透明電極１２
を発熱させ、基板１１をギー ＋ｊ一点（約＋６ｏ’Ｃ
）を越える温度まで加熱する。そして、他方の透明電極
１３の取出電極１６に一トＶｌ）または−ｖｂを加えた
状態で信号十Ｖａをオフにする。これにより、各スイッ
チング動作毎にいわゆる電界冷却が行われることになり
、常温状態での駆動電圧に比べて十分低い電圧（１０Ｖ
程度）でスイッチング動作を行ノっせることがで艦る５
第４図はこのような一連の動作の説明図であ−、て、（
ａ）は取出電極１４に印加する信号Ｖａの波形、（ｂ）
は基板１１の温度変化Ｔの波形、（Ｃ）は取出電極１６
に印加する信号九の波形を示して℃・る、このような構
成によれば、素子が固体化されているので、各種の光制
御装置の構成要素として用いることにより、装置の小型
化が図れ、信頼性を高めることができる。In the second embodiment, the transparent electrode 'I2 is also used as a heater. Suna:)) Then, a pulsed signal +Vi is applied to the extraction electrode 14 of the transparent τ11 electrode 12, and the transparent electrode 12
generate heat and heat the board 11 to one point (approximately +6o'C).
). Then, with Vl) or -vb applied to the extraction electrode 16 of the other transparent electrode 13, the signal Va is turned off. As a result, so-called electric field cooling is performed for each switching operation, and the voltage is sufficiently low (10V) compared to the drive voltage at room temperature.
It is possible to carry out the switching operation with a degree of
Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram of such a series of operations.
a) is the waveform of the signal Va applied to the extraction electrode 14, (b)
is the waveform of the temperature change T of the substrate 11, and (C) is the waveform of the temperature change T of the substrate 11.
With this configuration, the device is solid-state, so it can be used as a component of various optical control devices to reduce the size of the device. , reliability can be increased.
第５図は、第１図と同等の機能を有する光切換スイッチ
の構成例を示す構成説明図であって、１０は本発明に係
る光制御素子、２０は偏光ビームスプリッタ、３０はプ
リズム、４０はλ／４板である。このような構成におい
て、偏光ビームヌブリノタ２０に入射された光１ｒＮは
互いに直交する２つの直綜偏光ａ、ｂに分解され、一方
の光ａはプリズム３０１→プリズム３０２→λ／４板４
０２→光制御素子１０２よりなる経路を通って偏光ビー
ムスプリッタ２０２に加えられ、他方の光すはλ／４板
４０１→光制御素子１ｎはりなる経路を通って偏光ビー
ムスプリッタ２０２に加えられる。FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an example of the configuration of an optical changeover switch having the same function as that in FIG. is a λ/4 plate. In such a configuration, the light 1rN incident on the polarization beam nubrinotor 20 is decomposed into two orthogonally polarized lights a and b, and one light a is transmitted through the prism 301 → prism 302 → λ/4 plate 4
The light is applied to the polarizing beam splitter 202 through a path consisting of 02→light control element 102, and the other light beam is applied to the polarizing beam splitter 202 through a path consisting of λ/4 plate 401→light control element 1n.
そして、側光ビームスプリッタ２０２かりは、光制御素
子１０．、１［１２のスイッヂング状態に応じて出力光
が互いに直交するＯＵＴ、または０ＵＴ２に選択的に送
出されることになる。すなわち、光制御素子１０．、
＋１１２が一λ／４の位相差を与えるように設定されて
いる場合圧はλ／４板４０と光制御素子１０との組み合
わせを通る光に与えられる位相差は０となり、光ａは偏
光ビームスプリッタ２０２で反射されてＯＵＴ＋から出
射し、光すは偏光ビームスプリッタ２０２を通過して光
ａと同様にｏｕ’ｒ、から出射する。一方、光制御素子
１０１゜１０２が＋λ／４の位相差を与えるように設定
されている場合にはλ／４板４０と光制御素子１０との
組み合わせを通る光に与えられる位相差はπとなり、光
ａは偏光ビームスプリッタ２０２を通過して０ＵＴ２か
ら出射し、光すは偏光ビームスプリ、り２０２で反射さ
れて光ａと同様に０ＬＩＴ２から出射する。これらから
明らかなように、第５図の構成によれば、可動部品を用
いることなく、光の出射端を切り換えることができる。The side light beam splitter 202 is connected to the light control element 10. , 1[12, the output lights are selectively sent to OUT or 0UT2, which are perpendicular to each other. That is, the light control element 10. ,
When +112 is set to give a phase difference of one λ/4, the phase difference given to the light passing through the combination of the λ/4 plate 40 and the light control element 10 is 0, and the light a becomes a polarized beam. The light is reflected by the splitter 202 and exits from OUT+, and the light passes through the polarizing beam splitter 202 and exits from ou'r, similar to light a. On the other hand, when the light control elements 101 and 102 are set to give a phase difference of +λ/4, the phase difference given to the light passing through the combination of the λ/4 plate 40 and the light control element 10 is π. , light a passes through the polarizing beam splitter 202 and exits from 0UT2, and the light is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 202 and exits from 0LIT2 in the same way as light a. As is clear from these, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the light output end can be switched without using any moving parts.
なお、上記実施例では、基板の全面に透明電極を設けた
単一要素の例を示したが、基板の表面に離散的ＶＣＱｉ
数の透明電極を設けて２次元的に複敬の要素を配列して
もよく、これにより２次元面上で光の通過を選択的に制
御でき、表示装置や光書込装置等圧有効である。In addition, in the above embodiment, an example of a single element in which transparent electrodes were provided on the entire surface of the substrate was shown, but discrete VCQi
A number of transparent electrodes may be provided to arrange double-sided elements two-dimensionally, thereby making it possible to selectively control the passage of light on a two-dimensional surface, making it possible to effectively control equal pressure in display devices and optical writing devices. be.
また 上記実施例では、加熱手段として一方の透明基板
を用いる例を示したが、両方の透明基板を用いるように
してもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, an example was shown in which one of the transparent substrates was used as the heating means, but both transparent substrates may be used.
また、レーザ等の加熱手段を別途設けるようにしてもよ
い。Further, a heating means such as a laser may be provided separately.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、各種の光制御装
荷に好適な固体化された光制御素子が実現でき、実用上
の効果は太きい。As described above, according to the present invention, a solidified light control element suitable for various light control devices can be realized, and the practical effects are significant.
第１図は従来の光切換スイッチの一例を示す構成説明図
、第２図は本発明の一実施例を示す構成説明図、第５図
および第４図は動作説明図、第５図は本発明に係る素子
を用いた装置の具体例図である。
１１・・Ｚツノ、トモリブデン酸ガドリニウム単結晶基
板、＋２．＋３・・透明基板、１４〜１６・・・取出電
極。
第 １１石
第 ３
（（Ｌ〕
第２ 」
）Ｚ
（Ｆ））FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an example of a conventional optical changeover switch, FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 5 and 4 are operation explanatory diagrams, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific example of a device using an element according to the invention. 11...Z horn, gadolinium tomolybdate single crystal substrate, +2. +3...Transparent substrate, 14-16...Takeout electrode. 11th stone 3rd ((L) 2nd ”)Z (F))
Claims (1)
基板の両面に被着された透明電極と、これら透明電極間
に任意の極性の電界を選択的に加える手段と、前記基板
を選択的に加熱する手段とを具備し、前記基板を加熱し
た状態で電界を加えて基板のＺ軸を反転させることを特
徴とする光制御素子。Z force, a gadolinium tomolybdate single crystal substrate, transparent electrodes attached to both sides of this substrate, means for selectively applying an electric field of arbitrary polarity between these transparent electrodes, and selectively heating the substrate. 1. A light control element comprising means for applying an electric field to the substrate in a heated state to invert the Z-axis of the substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8638983A JPS59212819A (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1983-05-17 | Optical control element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8638983A JPS59212819A (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1983-05-17 | Optical control element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59212819A true JPS59212819A (en) | 1984-12-01 |
Family
ID=13885513
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8638983A Pending JPS59212819A (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1983-05-17 | Optical control element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59212819A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61250613A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-07 | テクトロニツクス・インコ−ポレイテツド | Stereoscopic display unit |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5022413A (en) * | 1973-07-05 | 1975-03-10 |
-
1983
- 1983-05-17 JP JP8638983A patent/JPS59212819A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5022413A (en) * | 1973-07-05 | 1975-03-10 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61250613A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-07 | テクトロニツクス・インコ−ポレイテツド | Stereoscopic display unit |
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