JPS63183402A - Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device - Google Patents

Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device

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Publication number
JPS63183402A
JPS63183402A JP1673087A JP1673087A JPS63183402A JP S63183402 A JPS63183402 A JP S63183402A JP 1673087 A JP1673087 A JP 1673087A JP 1673087 A JP1673087 A JP 1673087A JP S63183402 A JPS63183402 A JP S63183402A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
prism
wave
polarized light
polarization
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP1673087A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masayuki Shiga
政之 志賀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujitsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Fujitsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujitsu Ltd filed Critical Fujitsu Ltd
Priority to JP1673087A priority Critical patent/JPS63183402A/en
Publication of JPS63183402A publication Critical patent/JPS63183402A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate reflection films and to simplify construction by bringing a prism and flat plate glass into tight contact with each other while a polarized light separating film is held interposed in approximately the central part thereof and forming the prism in such a manner that the optical path within said flat plate glass satisfies total reflection conditions on the plane opposite from the tight contact part. CONSTITUTION:The three-sided prism 1 and the flat plate glass 2 are brought into tight contact with each other while the polarized light separating film 3 is held interposed in approximately the central part thereof. The optical path in the flat plate glass 2 is so set as to satisfy the total reflection conditions on the plane opposite from the tight contact part of the flat plate glass 2, by which the need for forming the reflection film on said face is eliminated and the constitution is simplified. Reflectivity is nearly 100% with both the P wave and S wave in the case of total reflection. The dependency of the loss of the synthesized light on polarization is, therefore, decreased by using such synthesizing prism. The polarized light separating and synthesizing prism which is simple in construction and acts surely is thereby obtd.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 概要 例えば三角プリズムと平板ガラスとを概略中央部に偏光
弁M(合成)膜を介在させた状態で密着させ、該平板ガ
ラス内の光路が前記密着部分と反対側の平面において全
反射条件を満たすように設定して構成される偏光分離・
合成プリズムは、金属反射膜が不要であり、また比較的
単純な構成であるので、低コストでかつ容易に作成する
ことができる。
Detailed Description of the Invention Overview: For example, a triangular prism and a flat glass are brought into close contact with each other with a polarizing valve M (synthetic) film interposed approximately in the center, and the optical path within the flat glass is on the opposite side of the close contact area. Polarization separation/configuration configured to satisfy total reflection conditions on a flat surface
Since the synthetic prism does not require a metal reflective film and has a relatively simple configuration, it can be easily produced at low cost.

産業上の利用分野 本発明は、光スィッチ等の光デバイスに用いる偏光分離
・合成プリズムの構造に関する。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to the structure of a polarization separation/synthesis prism used in optical devices such as optical switches.

例えば適当な制御信号により光路を変更して切り替える
光スィッチの一例として、一対の偏光分離・合成プリズ
ムを用い、これらの間で信号光の偏光状態を制御するよ
うにした構成のものを挙げることができる。偏光分離・
合成プリズムは、入射した光を偏波面が互いに直交する
直線偏光からなる2つの光路に分離し、またはこれとは
逆に該2つの光路を合成するためのもので、光スィッチ
の他に光アイソレータ及び光サーキュレータ等に適用さ
れている。このように、偏光分離・合成プリズムは種々
の光デバイスに広く用いられており、簡単な構成で確実
な動作をするものが要求されて−2= いる。
For example, an example of an optical switch that changes the optical path using an appropriate control signal is one that uses a pair of polarization separation/synthesis prisms and controls the polarization state of the signal light between them. can. Polarization separation/
A combining prism is used to separate incident light into two optical paths consisting of linearly polarized light whose polarization planes are orthogonal to each other, or conversely to combine the two optical paths. It is applied to optical circulators, etc. As described above, polarization separation/synthesis prisms are widely used in various optical devices, and there is a demand for something with a simple configuration and reliable operation.

従来の技術 第3図を参照すると、従来の偏光分1ill・合成プリ
ズムの一構成例が示されており、この偏光分離・合成プ
リズムは、平板ガラス12の両側面に2つの直角プリズ
ム11.15をそれぞれの斜面及び底面で密着させた構
成となっている。直角プリズム11ど平板ガラス12の
密着面には、概略中央部まで例えば誘電体多層膜からな
る偏光分制膜13が介在され、直角プリズム15と平板
ガラス12の密着面には、偏光分離膜13の形成される
側と反対の側から同じく概略中央部まで、金属等からな
る反射膜14が介在されている。
Prior Art Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an example of the configuration of a conventional polarized light separation/synthesis prism. The structure is such that they are in close contact with each other on their slopes and bottoms. On the contact surfaces of the right-angle prism 11 and the flat glass 12, a polarization separation film 13 made of, for example, a dielectric multilayer film is interposed up to the approximate center, and on the contact surfaces of the right-angle prism 15 and the flat glass 12, a polarization separation film 13 is interposed. A reflective film 14 made of metal or the like is interposed from the opposite side to the side on which the film is formed to approximately the center.

上記偏光分離・合成プリズムの機能を第4図を用いて説
明づる。先ず、このプリズムに入射させた光を2つの直
線偏光に分離する場合には、第4図(a)に示したj:
うに、直角プリズム11の一方の底面11aから入射角
O°で光を入射させる。
The function of the polarization separation/synthesis prism described above will be explained using FIG. 4. First, when separating the light incident on this prism into two linearly polarized lights, j as shown in Fig. 4(a):
In other words, light is made to enter from one bottom surface 11a of the right-angle prism 11 at an incident angle of 0°.

この光のうら紙面に垂直な偏波面を有する直線偏光(以
下S波と称する)成分は、偏光分M膜13で反射して、
直角プリズム11の他方の底面11bから直角に出射さ
れる。また、紙面に平行な偏波面を有する直線偏光(以
下P波と称する)成分は、偏光分離膜13を透過し、反
射膜14で反則して、直角プリズム底面1’1 bのS
波成分と異なる位置から出射される。このように、偏光
分離・合成プリズムを用いて、単一光路の光を互いに直
交する偏波面を有する2つの直線偏光成分に分離するこ
とができる。
The linearly polarized light component (hereinafter referred to as S wave) having a plane of polarization perpendicular to the paper plane behind this light is reflected by the polarized light M film 13,
The light is emitted from the other bottom surface 11b of the right-angle prism 11 at a right angle. In addition, linearly polarized light (hereinafter referred to as P wave) having a plane of polarization parallel to the plane of the drawing passes through the polarization separation film 13, is reflected by the reflection film 14, and is reflected by the S of the right-angle prism bottom surface 1'1b.
The wave component is emitted from a different position. In this way, by using a polarization separation/synthesis prism, light on a single optical path can be separated into two linearly polarized components having mutually orthogonal polarization planes.

一方、入射させた2つの直線偏光を合成する場合には、
前述した分離の場合とは全く逆に、直角プリズム底面1
1bから直角にP波及びS波をそれぞれ反射膜14及び
偏光分離膜13に向けて入射させることにより、これら
の直線偏光は合成されて底面11aから出射される。P
波とS波の入射位置を入替えると、第4図(b)に示し
たように、S波は反射膜14及び偏光分1l11躾13
で反射し、P波は偏光分離膜13を透過し、これらの両
直線偏光は合成されて直角プリズム15の一底面15a
で反(ト)して斜面15bから出射される。従って、こ
のJ:うな偏光分離・合成プリズムを2つ用い、一方の
プリズムで分離した2つの直線偏光を他方のプリズムで
合成するようにこれらを配置し、両プリズム間における
順方向及び/または逆方向に進行する直線偏光を入替え
るような、例えば偏光面を90°回転させるような制御
を行なうことにJ:す、光のスイッチングあるいはアイ
ソレーションが達成される。
On the other hand, when combining two incident linearly polarized lights,
Quite contrary to the case of separation described above, the bottom surface of the right angle prism 1
By making the P wave and the S wave enter the reflection film 14 and the polarization separation film 13 at right angles from 1b, these linearly polarized lights are combined and emitted from the bottom surface 11a. P
When the incident positions of the S wave and the S wave are exchanged, as shown in FIG.
, the P wave is transmitted through the polarization separation film 13, and both of these linearly polarized lights are combined and pass through the bottom surface 15a of the right angle prism 15.
The light is then reflected and emitted from the slope 15b. Therefore, by using two J: polarized light separating/combining prisms, they are arranged so that the two linearly polarized lights separated by one prism are combined by the other prism, and the forward and/or reverse direction between the two prisms is determined. Light switching or isolation is achieved by performing control such as exchanging the linearly polarized light traveling in the direction, for example, rotating the plane of polarization by 90 degrees.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかし、上述したような偏光分離・合成プリズムである
と、2つの偏光分離プリズム及び平板ガラスを弱し、ま
た、これらのうちの例えば平板ガラスの表面にあらかじ
め反射膜及び偏光分111ft膜を形成しておく必要が
あり、P波及びS波に対して安定して高い反射率の反射
膜を形成しようとすると、その月質が限定されると共に
被膜形成に際して繁穎な作業が要求され、製造コストが
TRするどいった問題がある。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the above-mentioned polarization separation/synthesis prism weakens the two polarization separation prisms and the flat glass. It is necessary to form a 111 ft film for both polarization and polarization, and if you try to form a reflective film with a stable high reflectance for P waves and S waves, the quality of the moon will be limited and the formation of the film will be difficult. There are problems in that it requires a lot of work and the manufacturing cost is high.

= 5一 本発明はこのような問題に鑑みて創作されたものであり
、その目的は、反射膜を不要とすることにより、簡単な
構成で確実な動作をする光デバイス用偏光分離・合成プ
リズムを提供することにある。
=51 The present invention was created in view of these problems, and its purpose is to provide a polarization separation/synthesis prism for optical devices that has a simple configuration and reliable operation by eliminating the need for a reflective film. Our goal is to provide the following.

問題点を解決するための手段 上述した従来技術の問題点は、光デバイス用偏光分離・
合成プリズムを構成するに際し、プリズムと平板ガラス
を密着させ、当該密着部分の概略中央部に偏光分離膜を
介在させると共に、前記平板ガラス内の光路を、平板ガ
ラスの前記密着部分と反対側の平面においで全反射条件
を満たすように設定することにより解決される。
Means for Solving the Problems The problems with the conventional technology described above are the polarization separation and
When constructing a composite prism, a prism and a flat glass are brought into close contact with each other, a polarized light separation film is interposed approximately at the center of the close contact part, and the optical path within the flat glass is directed to a plane opposite to the close contact part of the flat glass. This problem can be solved by setting the odor to satisfy the total internal reflection condition.

作   用 本発明の偏光分離・合成プリズムにあっては、平板ガラ
スのプリズムと反対側の平面において全反則条件を満た
すように、該平板ガラス内の光路を設定しているので、
当該平面に反Q4膜を形成する必要がなくなる。全反射
条件を満たす光の反射においては、反射率がP波及びS
波成分共にほぼ100%であるので、反射膜を用いた従
来の構造と比較して、偏光成分による反射時の損失差が
減少するため合成光の損失の偏光依存性が小さくなる。
Function: In the polarization separation/synthesis prism of the present invention, the optical path within the flat glass is set so as to satisfy the total refraction condition on the plane opposite to the prism of the flat glass.
There is no need to form an anti-Q4 film on the plane. In the reflection of light that satisfies the total internal reflection condition, the reflectance is P-wave and S-wave.
Since both wave components are approximately 100%, the difference in loss upon reflection due to polarized light components is reduced compared to a conventional structure using a reflective film, so that the polarization dependence of the loss of the combined light is reduced.

実  施  例 以下、本発明の望ましい実施例について、図面にもとづ
いて詳細に説明する。
Embodiments Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

第1図は本発明の適用される光デバイス用偏光分頗・合
成プリズムの構成図である。1はプリズムであり、例え
ば直角二等辺三角形断面を有する直角プリズムを用いる
ことができる。以下、便宜上プリズム1が直角プリズム
であるとして話を進める。プリズム1の斜面には、その
概略中央部に偏光分離膜3を介在させた状態で、平板ガ
ラス2が例えば光学接着剤を用いて密着固定されている
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a polarization splitting/synthesizing prism for an optical device to which the present invention is applied. 1 is a prism, and for example, a right-angled prism having a right-angled isosceles triangular cross section can be used. Hereinafter, for convenience, the discussion will proceed assuming that the prism 1 is a right-angled prism. A flat glass plate 2 is closely fixed to the slope of the prism 1 using, for example, an optical adhesive, with a polarization separation film 3 interposed approximately in the center thereof.

偏光分離膜3は、プリズム1あるいは平板ガラス2の表
面にあらかじめ誘電体多層膜を公知の方法で形成してお
くことにより得られるものである。
The polarization separation film 3 is obtained by forming a dielectric multilayer film on the surface of the prism 1 or flat glass 2 in advance by a known method.

このような構成の偏光分離・合成プリズムを使用する場
合には、入射光及び出射光がプリズム1の底面1aある
いは底面1bに対して直角になるように光軸調整を行な
って、平板ガラス2の反射面2aに入射する光の入射角
が概略45°となるようにする。こうすることにより、
例えば空気中にこの偏光分離・合成プリズムが配置され
ている場合には、反射面2aにおける全反則条件が満た
されることになる。
When using a polarization separation/synthesis prism with such a configuration, the optical axis should be adjusted so that the incident light and the outgoing light are perpendicular to the bottom surface 1a or bottom surface 1b of the prism 1, and the optical axis of the flat glass 2 should be adjusted. The angle of incidence of light incident on the reflective surface 2a is set to approximately 45°. By doing this,
For example, if this polarization separation/synthesis prism is placed in the air, the total refraction condition on the reflecting surface 2a will be satisfied.

第2図は、第1図に示した偏光分離・合成プリズムを用
いて構成される光スィッチの一例を示したものであり、
(a)は後述する偏光制御手段4に接続されるスイッチ
5がオフの場合について、(b)はオンの場合について
のものである。
FIG. 2 shows an example of an optical switch constructed using the polarization separation/synthesis prism shown in FIG.
(a) shows the case where the switch 5 connected to the polarization control means 4, which will be described later, is off, and (b) shows the case where it is on.

この光スィッチは、入射側プリズム10及び出射側プリ
ズム20を、これらを構成するプリズム1.1の底面が
互いに対向Jるように配置し、両プリズム10.20間
の光軸上に偏光制御手段4を介挿してなる。偏光制御手
段4は、例えばYIG等のファラデー回転子及びファラ
デー回転子に飽和磁界を印加する手段からなり、該磁界
の印加はスイッチ5によりオン・オフできるようにされ
ている。尚、前記ファラデー回転子は、飽和磁界を印加
されたときに、透過光の偏波面を90°回転させるよう
に、その長さが設定されている。
This optical switch has an entrance prism 10 and an exit prism 20 arranged such that the bottom surfaces of the prisms 1.1 that constitute these prisms face each other, and a polarization control means on the optical axis between both prisms 10.20. 4 is inserted. The polarization control means 4 includes a Faraday rotator such as YIG and means for applying a saturation magnetic field to the Faraday rotator, and the application of the magnetic field can be turned on and off by a switch 5. The length of the Faraday rotator is set so that the plane of polarization of transmitted light is rotated by 90 degrees when a saturation magnetic field is applied.

先ず、スイッチ5がオフの場合には、第2図(a)に示
すように、入射側プリズム10に入射した光は、偏光分
離膜3により2つの直線偏光P波(実線)及びS波(点
線)に分離されて異なる2点から出射され、これらのP
波及びS波は、偏光制御手段4により偏光状態を変えら
れることなく出射側プリズム20に入射される。出射側
プリズム20に入射されたP波及びS波は、偏光分離膜
3により単一光路に合成された後に、更にもう一度平板
ガラス2の反射面2aで反射して、プリズム1の底面上
の所定の位置Aから出射される。このとき、入射側プリ
ズム10の平板ガラス2においてはP波が、出射側プリ
ズム20の平板ガラス2においてはS波及びP波が全反
射条件を満たしていることになる。
First, when the switch 5 is off, the light incident on the incident side prism 10 is split into two linearly polarized P waves (solid line) and S waves ( dotted line) and emitted from two different points, and these P
The wave and the S wave are incident on the exit side prism 20 without having their polarization states changed by the polarization control means 4. The P waves and S waves incident on the output side prism 20 are combined into a single optical path by the polarization separation film 3, and then reflected once more on the reflective surface 2a of the flat glass 2, and are reflected at a predetermined position on the bottom surface of the prism 1. is emitted from position A. At this time, the P wave satisfies the total reflection condition in the flat glass 2 of the incident side prism 10, and the S wave and the P wave satisfy the total reflection condition in the flat glass 2 of the exit side prism 20.

一方、スイッチ5がオンにされた場合には、第2図(b
)に示すように、オフ時同様入射側プリズム10により
分離されたP波及びS波は、偏波制御手段4により偏波
面を90°回転させられ、つまりP波はS波に、S波は
P波になって、出射側プリズム20に入射される。出射
側プリズム20に入射された2つの直線偏光は、偏光分
離膜3により再び単一光路に合成されて、プリズム1の
底面上の前述した所定の位fifAとは異なる位置Bか
ら出射される。このとき、入射側プリズム10及び出射
側プリズム20の平板ガラス2.2においては、P波が
全反射条件を満たしていることになる。
On the other hand, when the switch 5 is turned on, FIG.
), the P wave and S wave separated by the incident side prism 10 are rotated by 90° in the plane of polarization by the polarization control means 4 as in the off state, that is, the P wave becomes an S wave, and the S wave becomes an S wave. It becomes a P wave and enters the exit side prism 20. The two linearly polarized lights incident on the exit side prism 20 are combined into a single optical path again by the polarization separation film 3, and are emitted from a position B on the bottom surface of the prism 1, which is different from the above-described predetermined position fifA. At this time, the P wave satisfies the total reflection condition in the flat glasses 2.2 of the entrance side prism 10 and the exit side prism 20.

このように、スイッチ5のオン・オフといった電気的な
制御により、出射光の出射位置を2つの位置A、Bのう
ちの任意の位置に設定できるものである。平板ガラス2
においては、全反射条件が満たされているので、P波と
S波とで反則率が異なることはなく、従って、光スィッ
チのオン・オフ時に出射光強度が変わることはない。
In this way, the output position of the emitted light can be set to any one of the two positions A and B by electrical control such as turning on and off the switch 5. flat glass 2
Since the total internal reflection condition is satisfied, there is no difference in the fouling rate between the P wave and the S wave, and therefore the intensity of the emitted light does not change when the optical switch is turned on and off.

発明の効果 以上詳述したように、本発明の偏光分離・合成プリズム
にあっては、平板ガラスの偏光分離膜と反対側面におい
て全反射条件を満たすように光路を設定したので、当該
面に反射膜を形成する必要がなくなり、構成が簡単にな
るという効果を奏する。また、全反射の場合には、偏光
成分によらず反射率がほぼ100%なので、この偏光分
離・合成プリズムを用いる場合の合成光の損失の偏光依
存性が減少するという効果もある。
Effects of the Invention As detailed above, in the polarization separation/synthesis prism of the present invention, the optical path is set so as to satisfy the total reflection condition on the opposite side of the flat glass to the polarization separation film, so that no reflection occurs on that surface. This eliminates the need to form a film, resulting in a simpler configuration. In addition, in the case of total reflection, the reflectance is almost 100% regardless of the polarization component, so there is also the effect that the polarization dependence of the loss of the synthesized light when using this polarization separation/synthesis prism is reduced.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、本発明の望ましい実施例を示す偏光分離・合
成プリズムの構成図、 第2図は、同偏光分離・合成プリズムを適用した光スィ
ッチの構成例を示す図((a)はスイッチオフ、(b)
はスイッチオン)、 第3図は、従来の偏光分離・合成プリズムの構成例を示
す図、 第4図は、従来の偏光分離・合成プリズムの機能を説明
するための図である。 1・・・プリズム、 2,12・・・平板ガラス、3.
13・・・偏光分離膜、 4・・・偏光制御手段、  5・・・スイッチ、10.
20・・・偏光分離・合成プリズム、11.15・・・
直角プリズム、 14・・・反射膜。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a polarization separation/synthesis prism showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an optical switch to which the polarization separation/synthesis prism is applied. Off, (b)
3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a conventional polarization separation/synthesis prism. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the functions of a conventional polarization separation/synthesis prism. 1... Prism, 2, 12... Flat glass, 3.
13...Polarization separation film, 4...Polarization control means, 5...Switch, 10.
20...Polarization separation/synthesis prism, 11.15...
Right angle prism, 14...reflection film.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 プリズム(1)と平板ガラス(2)を密着させ、当該密
着部分の概略中央部に偏光分離膜(3)を介在させて構
成され、 前記平板ガラス(2)内の光路は平板ガラス(2)の前
記密着部分と反対側の平面において全反射条件を満たす
ように設定されることを特徴とする光デバイス用偏光分
離・合成プリズム。
[Scope of Claims] A prism (1) and a flat glass (2) are brought into close contact with each other, and a polarization separation film (3) is interposed approximately in the center of the close contact portion, and the optical path within the flat glass (2) is A polarized light separating/combining prism for an optical device, characterized in that the prism is set to satisfy a total internal reflection condition on a plane opposite to the close contact portion of the flat glass (2).
JP1673087A 1987-01-27 1987-01-27 Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device Pending JPS63183402A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1673087A JPS63183402A (en) 1987-01-27 1987-01-27 Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1673087A JPS63183402A (en) 1987-01-27 1987-01-27 Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63183402A true JPS63183402A (en) 1988-07-28

Family

ID=11924377

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1673087A Pending JPS63183402A (en) 1987-01-27 1987-01-27 Polarized light separating and synthesizing prism for optical device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63183402A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5751480A (en) * 1991-04-09 1998-05-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Plate-like polarizing element, a polarizing conversion unit provided with the element, and a projector provided with the unit
US9709743B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2017-07-18 Fujitsu Optical Components Limited Optical modulator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5751480A (en) * 1991-04-09 1998-05-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Plate-like polarizing element, a polarizing conversion unit provided with the element, and a projector provided with the unit
US9709743B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2017-07-18 Fujitsu Optical Components Limited Optical modulator

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