JPS5857612B2 - Pilot injection method and device in pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine - Google Patents
Pilot injection method and device in pre-combustion chamber type diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5857612B2 JPS5857612B2 JP54076577A JP7657779A JPS5857612B2 JP S5857612 B2 JPS5857612 B2 JP S5857612B2 JP 54076577 A JP54076577 A JP 54076577A JP 7657779 A JP7657779 A JP 7657779A JP S5857612 B2 JPS5857612 B2 JP S5857612B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- injection
- pilot
- injection valve
- main
- sub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、ディーゼルエンジンにおいて、主噴射に先立
ってパイロット噴射を行わせ、ＮＯｘの低減、燃費の向
上、着火性を改善させたパイロット噴射方法及び装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a pilot injection method and apparatus for reducing NOx, improving fuel efficiency, and improving ignitability by performing pilot injection prior to main injection in a diesel engine.
ディーゼルエンジンでは、主噴射に先立ってパイロット
噴射を行わせ、ディーゼルノックをおさえる方式が採ら
れている。Diesel engines use a method to suppress diesel knock by performing pilot injection prior to main injection.
このパイロット噴射は、燃焼初期の圧力上昇がゆるやか
になるので、燃焼時に生成するＮＯｘ量も低減すること
が知られている。This pilot injection is known to reduce the amount of NOx generated during combustion because the pressure rise at the initial stage of combustion is gradual.
従来のパイロット噴射は、一個の噴射弁に工夫をこらし
て行わせていたが、主噴射と副噴射の時期、燃焼量の制
御が複雑困難となる欠点があった。Conventional pilot injection has been carried out using a single injection valve, but it has the disadvantage that controlling the timing of main injection and sub-injection and the amount of combustion is complicated and difficult.
一方、主噴射弁と副噴射弁とを設けて主噴射及び副噴射
を行わせることも公知である。On the other hand, it is also known to provide a main injection valve and a sub-injection valve to perform main injection and sub-injection.
この２噴射弁方式においても同様にディーゼルノックを
防止し、ＮＯｘ生成量も低減するものである。This two-injection valve system similarly prevents diesel knock and reduces the amount of NOx produced.
上述の公知Ｑ）パイロット噴射装置は、いずれもパイロ
ット噴射の方向と主噴射の方向とが同方向となっており
、結果的にはＮＯｘ低減量及び燃費の面で十分なものと
は云えなかった。In all of the above-mentioned known Q) pilot injection devices, the direction of pilot injection and the direction of main injection are the same, and as a result, they could not be said to be sufficient in terms of NOx reduction and fuel efficiency. .
本発明の目的は、パイロット噴射方向を最善の方向に選
定し、以て燃費の向上とＮＯｘ低減の両者を行わせたデ
ィーゼルエンジンに於けるパイロット噴射方法及び装置
を提供するにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pilot injection method and apparatus for a diesel engine that selects the optimum pilot injection direction and thereby improves fuel efficiency and reduces NOx.
以下、図によって詳細に説明する。This will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す略断崩図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view showing one embodiment of the present invention.
図示のディーゼルエンジンは予燃焼室式ディーゼルエン
ジンであり、シリンダヘッド１を貫通して予燃焼室体２
が主燃焼室３へ向けて設けられ、該予燃焼室体２内には
予燃焼室４が形成され、該予燃焼室４と主燃焼室３とは
通口５によって連絡されている。The illustrated diesel engine is a pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine, and the cylinder head 1 is penetrated through the pre-combustion chamber body 2.
is provided toward the main combustion chamber 3 , a precombustion chamber 4 is formed within the precombustion chamber body 2 , and the precombustion chamber 4 and the main combustion chamber 3 are communicated through a port 5 .
予燃焼室４には主噴射弁６と副噴射弁７とが臨ませられ
、さらにグ爾つプラグ８が設けられている。A main injection valve 6 and a sub-injection valve 7 face the pre-combustion chamber 4, and a plug 8 is further provided.
主噴射弁６の噴口９は前記通口５へ向かっており、副噴
射弁７の噴口１０は主噴射弁６の噴口９近傍へ向けられ
ている。The nozzle 9 of the main injection valve 6 is directed toward the port 5 , and the nozzle 10 of the sub-injection valve 7 is directed toward the vicinity of the nozzle 9 of the main injection valve 6 .
主噴射弁６の噴口９の近傍は、副噴射弁７によって噴射
された噴霧による高温燃焼ガスが滞溜する溜めとなって
いる。The vicinity of the nozzle 9 of the main injection valve 6 is a reservoir in which high-temperature combustion gas generated by the spray injected by the sub-injection valve 7 accumulates.
この溜めは、比較的狭い凹所からなっており、主噴射弁
からの噴霧がその高温ガス域を通過することにより後述
の火炎核の生成を促進するものとなっている。This reservoir consists of a relatively narrow recess, and the spray from the main injection valve passes through the high-temperature gas region, thereby promoting the generation of flame kernels, which will be described later.
主噴射弁６と副噴射弁７とは夫々別個の噴射ポンプから
燃料を供給されるが、一個の噴射ポンプに気筒を多数設
ける構造としてもよい。Although the main injection valve 6 and the sub-injection valve 7 are each supplied with fuel from separate injection pumps, a single injection pump may have a structure in which many cylinders are provided.
予燃焼室体２を４却するため、該予燃焼室体３の回りに
はウォータージケット１１が形成されている。A water jacket 11 is formed around the pre-combustion chamber body 3 in order to cool the pre-combustion chamber body 2 .
上記の如く横取された本発明では、ピストン＊１２が上
死点（ＴＤＣ）へ到る前に先ず副噴射弁７からＰｌの如
く燃料がパイロット噴射されるＰｌは主噴射弁６の噴口
９の近傍へ向けられており、該噴口９近傍に火炎核Ｃを
生成させる。In the present invention that has been stolen as described above, before the piston *12 reaches the top dead center (TDC), fuel is first injected as a pilot from the sub-injector 7 as shown in Pl. It is directed near the nozzle 9 to generate a flame kernel C near the nozzle 9.
次いで、主噴射弁６の噴口９から主噴射Ｑ１が行われる
。Next, main injection Q1 is performed from the injection port 9 of the main injection valve 6.
この主噴射Ｑ１は、パイロット噴射Ｐ１によって生成さ
れた火炎核Ｃを通して行われるので主噴射Ｑ１の着火遅
れが減少し、急激な燃焼が防止される。Since this main injection Q1 is performed through the flame kernel C generated by the pilot injection P1, the ignition delay of the main injection Q1 is reduced and rapid combustion is prevented.
したがって、可及的にＮＯｘ生成量も低減される。Therefore, the amount of NOx produced is also reduced as much as possible.
以下、上記本発明の一実施例によるデータを解析してみ
ることにする。Hereinafter, data according to one embodiment of the present invention will be analyzed.
第２図は、横軸にパイロット噴射割合（％）を採り、縦
軸にＮＯｘ減少率を採ったものである。In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis shows the pilot injection ratio (%), and the vertical axis shows the NOx reduction rate.
なお、ここでパイロット噴射割合とは、パイロット噴射
なしの場合の主噴射燃料に対するパイロット噴射の割合
を云う。Note that the pilot injection ratio here refers to the ratio of pilot injection to main injected fuel in the case of no pilot injection.
第３図は横軸に比燃費率を採り、縦軸にＮＯｘ減少率を
採ったものである。In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis shows the specific fuel efficiency rate, and the vertical axis shows the NOx reduction rate.
第２，３図のデータは、いずれも本発明の比較対象とし
て、パイロット噴射を第１図のＰ２の如く主噴射と同方
向へ噴射するものを採用した。For the data in FIGS. 2 and 3, as a comparison target of the present invention, the pilot injection is injected in the same direction as the main injection as shown in P2 in FIG. 1.
又、供試エンジンは、４サイクルデイーゼルエンジンで
、１８００ＣＣ，圧縮比１８のものを採用し、ＮＯｘ排
出量が最も多い１６００ｒｐｍ、負荷率３／４（空気過
剰率１．７５）を選んだ。The test engine was a 4-stroke diesel engine of 1800 cc and a compression ratio of 18, and a load rate of 3/4 (excess air ratio of 1.75) was selected to produce the highest amount of NOx emissions at 1600 rpm.
さらに、第２，３図中のプロット印は次の表１の条件と
なっている。Furthermore, the plot marks in FIGS. 2 and 3 correspond to the conditions shown in Table 1 below.
第２図からもわかるとおり、ＮＯｘ量はパイロット噴射
割合を増加させると徐々に低減するが、パイロット噴射
割合が１０％を越えると、ＮＯｘ減少率は殆んど横ばい
となる。As can be seen from FIG. 2, the amount of NOx gradually decreases as the pilot injection ratio increases, but when the pilot injection ratio exceeds 10%, the NOx reduction rate becomes almost flat.
この傾向は表１の条件とは殆んど無関係である。This tendency is almost unrelated to the conditions in Table 1.
ところが第３図をみると、比燃費率の面でパイロフト噴
射の方向が大きな影響を与えていることが歴然と判明す
る。However, looking at Figure 3, it is clear that the direction of pyloft injection has a large effect on the specific fuel efficiency.
すなわち、パイロット噴射方向が主噴射と同方向のもの
は図のＡで代表され、対向方向のものは図のＢで代表さ
れる。That is, a case where the pilot injection direction is the same as the main injection direction is represented by A in the figure, and a case where the pilot injection direction is in the opposite direction is represented by B in the figure.
線Ｂは常に線Ａの下調へ来ているので、同一のＮＯｘ減
少を得んとする場合、燃費が向上するものとなる。Since line B is always below line A, fuel efficiency will improve if the same reduction in NOx is to be achieved.
中でも、パイロット噴射時期ＴＤＣ前２５°主噴射時期
ＴＤＣ前５°の条件では、燃費率悪化を４〜５％で約４
０％のＮＯｘ減少を得ることができるものとなっている
。Among these, under the conditions of pilot injection timing of 25 degrees before TDC and main injection timing of 5 degrees before TDC, the fuel efficiency decreases by 4 to 5%, about 4%.
It is possible to obtain a NOx reduction of 0%.
なお、上記パイロット噴射時期及び主噴射時期は固定さ
れたものではない。Note that the pilot injection timing and the main injection timing are not fixed.
上記データは、１６００ ｒｐｍで採られたものである
から、エンジン回転数如何によっては噴射時期の最適値
は変わる。Since the above data was taken at 1600 rpm, the optimum value of the injection timing changes depending on the engine speed.
よって、本発明の最も重要な点は、主噴射弁の噴口付近
に火炎核を予め形成し、主噴射を行うときには既に該火
炎核が出来上っておればよい。Therefore, the most important point of the present invention is that a flame kernel is formed in advance near the nozzle of the main injection valve, and it is sufficient that the flame kernel is already formed when performing the main injection.
以上説明したとおり、本発明では主噴射弁の噴口付近に
火炎核を生成させるものであり、他のパイロット噴射方
式と比べて低燃費でＮＯｘ低減を可能とするものである
。As explained above, in the present invention, a flame kernel is generated near the nozzle of the main injection valve, and it is possible to reduce NOx with lower fuel consumption than other pilot injection methods.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す断侑図、第２図は本発
明の対向噴射と同方向噴射との比較を示すもので、ＮＯ
ｘ減少率−パイロット噴射割合を示す線図、第３図は本
発明の対向噴射と同方向噴射との比較を示すもので、Ｎ
Ｏｘ減少率−比燃費率を示す線図である。
４：予燃焼室、６：主噴射弁、７：副噴射弁。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a comparison between facing injection and co-direction injection of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing the x reduction rate - pilot injection ratio, and shows a comparison between the opposed injection and the same direction injection of the present invention.
It is a diagram showing Ox reduction rate-specific fuel consumption rate. 4: Pre-combustion chamber, 6: Main injection valve, 7: Sub-injection valve.
Claims (1)
噴射弁からの主噴射に先立って副噴射弁かラハイロット
噴射を行うディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射方法において
、前記主噴射弁の噴口の近傍へ向けてパイロット噴射を
行い、該主噴射弁の噴口近傍にパイロット噴霧で高温燃
焼ガスを生ぜしめ、かつパイロット噴射量が全噴射量の
１０％であるとともに、該高温燃焼ガス中を主噴射が通
過することを特徴とする予燃焼室式ディーゼルエンジン
に於けるパイロット噴射方法。 ２ 予燃焼室内に主噴射弁と副噴射弁とを臨ませ、主噴
射弁からの主噴射に先立って副噴射弁からのパイロット
噴射を行うディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置において
、前記主噴射弁からの主噴射方向と前記副噴射弁からの
パイロット噴射方向とが略対向方向となるようにし、前
記副噴射弁をその噴霧が前記主噴射弁の噴ロヘ向けられ
る如く設け、前記副噴射弁からのパイロット噴射量を全
噴射量に対して１０％としたことを特徴とする予燃焼室
式ディーゼルエンジンに於けるパイロット噴射装置。[Scope of Claims] 1 Pre-combustion - A fuel injection method for a diesel engine in which a main injection valve and a sub-injection valve are placed in a room, and the sub-injection valve performs a low injection prior to main injection from the main injection valve, A pilot injection is performed near the nozzle of the main injection valve, and high temperature combustion gas is generated by pilot spray near the nozzle of the main injection valve, and the pilot injection amount is 10% of the total injection amount, and the pilot injection amount is 10% of the total injection amount. A pilot injection method in a pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine, characterized in that the main injection passes through high-temperature combustion gas. 2. In a diesel engine fuel injection system in which a main injection valve and a sub-injection valve are arranged in a pre-combustion chamber and a pilot injection is performed from the sub-injection valve prior to main injection from the main injection valve, The main injection direction and the pilot injection direction from the sub-injection valve are substantially opposite directions, and the sub-injection valve is provided so that its spray is directed to the injection hole of the main injection valve, and the pilot injection direction from the sub-injection valve is A pilot injection device for a pre-combustion chamber diesel engine, characterized in that the injection amount is 10% of the total injection amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54076577A JPS5857612B2 (en) | 1979-06-18 | 1979-06-18 | Pilot injection method and device in pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54076577A JPS5857612B2 (en) | 1979-06-18 | 1979-06-18 | Pilot injection method and device in pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS562421A JPS562421A (en) | 1981-01-12 |
| JPS5857612B2 true JPS5857612B2 (en) | 1983-12-21 |
Family
ID=13609107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54076577A Expired JPS5857612B2 (en) | 1979-06-18 | 1979-06-18 | Pilot injection method and device in pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5857612B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002295257A (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-10-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc <Itw> | Combustion chamber system |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112211714A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-01-12 | 山东交通学院 | Shock wave combustion-supporting precombustion chamber structure of gas engine |
-
1979
- 1979-06-18 JP JP54076577A patent/JPS5857612B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002295257A (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-10-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc <Itw> | Combustion chamber system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS562421A (en) | 1981-01-12 |
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