JPS58165263A - Matrix type fuel cell - Google Patents
Matrix type fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPS58165263A JPS58165263A JP57048379A JP4837982A JPS58165263A JP S58165263 A JPS58165263 A JP S58165263A JP 57048379 A JP57048379 A JP 57048379A JP 4837982 A JP4837982 A JP 4837982A JP S58165263 A JPS58165263 A JP S58165263A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- matrix
- fuel cell
- intermediate layer
- bipolar plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
- H01M8/04283—Supply means of electrolyte to or in matrix-fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は電解質にりん酸を用いたマトリックス型燃料
電池、特にその電解質の補給構造の改良に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a matrix fuel cell using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, and particularly to improvements in the electrolyte supply structure thereof.
この種の燃料電池は燃料電極と空気電極の２枚の電極の
間に電解質を含浸させたマトリックスを挾持して単電池
が構成される。一方、各電極の層内への燃料、空気の反
応ガスの取り込みはガス拡散方式によって行なわれ、ま
た単電池への反応ガス供給方式としては、上記の単電池
の上下両端にバイポーラプレートを重ね合゛わせで積層
し、このバイポーラプレートに仕切られているガス通路
溝を通じて各電極へ燃料ガス、あるいは空気を送り込む
方式、およびバイポーラプレートの代りに電を
極基板１反応ガス通路を仕切った多孔質電極基板となし
、この電極基板のガス通路を通じて反応ガスを電極へ送
り込む方式とがある。いずれの方式の場合にも、電極の
層内に安定した三相界面を形成し、電極反応を効率よく
行なわせるためには、ガス拡散電極に必要以上に液状電
解質が浸透することを避けねばならない。This type of fuel cell is constructed by sandwiching a matrix impregnated with an electrolyte between two electrodes, a fuel electrode and an air electrode. On the other hand, the intake of reactant gases such as fuel and air into the layers of each electrode is carried out by a gas diffusion method, and the method of supplying reactant gases to single cells is to stack bipolar plates on both the upper and lower ends of the above-mentioned single cells. A method in which fuel gas or air is sent to each electrode through gas passage grooves separated by bipolar plates stacked in a stacked manner, and a porous electrode in which the electrode substrate 1 partitions the reaction gas passage instead of the bipolar plate. There is a method in which a substrate is used and a reaction gas is sent to the electrode through a gas passage in the electrode substrate. In either method, in order to form a stable three-phase interface within the electrode layer and ensure efficient electrode reactions, it is necessary to avoid excessive penetration of the liquid electrolyte into the gas diffusion electrode. .
一方、マトリックスへの電解質供給は、少なくとも重電
′池も構成した後に行なう必やかあり、更に運転途中で
の補光を考慮してセルスタックを組立４で行なえること
が望まれる。この場合に前述した理由から、マトリック
スへの電解質補給は、電極層を通じて行なうことは不適
であるため、直接マトリックスへ供給できるようにする
ことが必要となる。ところでマトリックス層は耐熱、崗
十食性を与えるために、一般にはシリコンカーバイドの
微粒子をポリテトラフルオロエチレンで結着した薄膜状
のものとして作られる。しかしここで結着剤として用い
られるポリテトラフルオロエチレンは撥水性を有してい
るので１液状亀解質はマトリックス層内に浸透しずらい
面がある。このような理由から、従来の単ｔ′池では、
その構造および機能上の制約から重電−の本体に直接電
解餉補給機構を設けることは極□め・′：ＴＣ困難であ
るし、またマトリックスへその一端から電解質を大きな
液圧を加えることなしに供給しても、マトリックスの全
域へ一様に含浸させることが仲々むすがしい等この発明
は上記の点にかんがみなされたものであり１．、その目
的はマ） ＩＪフックスの電解質の補給が外部から容易
に行なえ、しかもマトリックス層内でその全域へ均等に
電解質を含浸できるようにしたマトリックス型燃料電池
を提供することにある。On the other hand, it is necessary to supply electrolyte to the matrix at least after constructing the heavy battery, and it is also desirable to be able to assemble the cell stack during assembly 4, taking into account light supplementation during operation. In this case, for the reasons mentioned above, it is not suitable to supply the electrolyte to the matrix through the electrode layer, so that it is necessary to be able to supply the electrolyte directly to the matrix. Incidentally, in order to provide heat resistance and corrosion resistance, the matrix layer is generally made in the form of a thin film made of fine particles of silicon carbide bonded with polytetrafluoroethylene. However, since the polytetrafluoroethylene used as the binder has water repellency, it is difficult for the one-liquid chamelite to penetrate into the matrix layer. For this reason, in the conventional single t' pond,
Due to its structural and functional limitations, it is extremely difficult to provide an electrolytic replenishment mechanism directly in the main body of the heavy electric device, and it is also difficult to apply large liquid pressure to the matrix from one end of the electrolyte. The present invention was made in consideration of the above points, such as the fact that even if the matrix is supplied evenly, it is difficult to uniformly impregnate the entire area of the matrix. The purpose is to provide a matrix fuel cell in which electrolyte can be easily replenished from the outside of the IJ hooks, and the electrolyte can be evenly impregnated throughout the matrix layer.
以下この発明を図示実施例に基づいて詳述する。The present invention will be described in detail below based on illustrated embodiments.
第１図ないし第４図ξこ示す実施例は単電池をバイポー
ラプレートを介して積層し、セルスタックを構成するタ
イプの燃料電池の例である。各図において、１は単電池
、２は単電池の−Ｆ下に重ね合わせて積層されたバイポ
ーラプレートである。このうち単電池１は上下２枚の燃
料電極３および空気電極４と、−極３と４の間に挾持さ
れたマ） ＩＪｌｌ。The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is an example of a fuel cell of a type in which unit cells are stacked via bipolar plates to form a cell stack. In each figure, 1 is a single cell, and 2 is a bipolar plate stacked under -F of the single cell. Among these, the unit cell 1 is sandwiched between two upper and lower fuel electrodes 3 and an air electrode 4, and negative electrodes 3 and 4.
ツクス５との一、層体としてなり、かっこの積層組立体
はその外周−が撥水性のあるシール材６によって被機さ
れている。ところでこの発明により、第２図に明示され
ているように、前記のマトリックス５はそれぞれ１１極
３，４の面に結着形成された二つの分割マｌ−ＩＪフッ
クスＩｊ５Ａと５Ｂに分割され、かつ分割マトリックス
層５人と５Ｂの間には電解質供給通路となる中間層７が
形成されている。The outer periphery of the laminated bracket assembly is covered with a water-repellent sealing material 6. By the way, according to the present invention, as clearly shown in FIG. 2, the matrix 5 is divided into two divided multi-IJ hooks Ij 5A and 5B, which are bonded to the surfaces of the 11 poles 3 and 4, respectively. Moreover, an intermediate layer 7 serving as an electrolyte supply passage is formed between the five divided matrix layers and 5B.
この中間層７は例えば親水性に優れた特性を示す炭素系
＃紺で作られたカーボンペーパーあるいはシリコンカー
バイドの絨維を抄いたものなどを分割マトリックス＃ｉ
５Ａと５Ｂの間に介挿することにより形成される。この
中間層７では電解質がマトリックスｗ５の中を面方向に
浸透移動するよりもはるかに電解質が流れ謳くなる。ま
た単１ｊｆ、Ｍ１の上面側には、その左右両端域に電極
３および分割マ） ＩＪツクス層５Ａを貫通して中間層
７に達する電解質補給穴８が単電池のｌ１１１縁に沿っ
て多数あけである。This intermediate layer 7 is made of, for example, carbon paper made of carbon-based #dark blue, which exhibits excellent hydrophilic properties, or a material made of silicon carbide fiber, etc.
It is formed by inserting it between 5A and 5B. In this intermediate layer 7, the electrolyte flows much more smoothly than when the electrolyte permeates and moves in the plane direction in the matrix w5. In addition, on the upper surface side of the single cell JF and M1, there are electrodes 3 and a number of electrolyte replenishment holes 8 that penetrate the IJTx layer 5A and reach the intermediate layer 7 along the edges of the single cell. It is.
一方、第３図、第４図に示すように、バイポーラプレー
ト２はその上面と下面に互いに直交する空気通路９およ
び燃料ガス通路溝１０が形成されたガス不透過性の導電
材で作られたものである。On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bipolar plate 2 is made of a gas-impermeable conductive material and has air passages 9 and fuel gas passage grooves 10 orthogonal to each other formed on its upper and lower surfaces. It is something.
そしてこの発明により、バイポーラプレート２の左右両
端域の下面側には完配した単電池ｌの電解質補給穴８の
列に対向して下面を開放した両端〆閉塞の凹溝ｔしてな
る電解質貯蔵タンク１１が燃料ガス通路溝１０と平行し
て画成されている。更にこのタンク１１に連ねてバイポ
ーラプレート２の外側面に開口する電解質補給口１２が
設けである。According to the present invention, the lower surface of both left and right end regions of the bipolar plate 2 has an electrolyte storage groove t which is closed at both ends and whose lower surface is open, facing the rows of electrolyte replenishment holes 8 of the fully arranged single cells L. A tank 11 is defined parallel to the fuel gas passage groove 10. Furthermore, an electrolyte replenishment port 12 is provided which is connected to the tank 11 and opens on the outer surface of the bipolar plate 2.
上記の構成において、電解質貯蔵タンク１１は電極３お
よび分割マトリックス層５Ａを貫通する穴８を介して単
電池内の中間層７に連通し合っている。したがって２箇
所にある電解質補給口１２のいずれか一方を通じて外部
から電解質を注入すると、電解質は貯蔵タンク１１．補
給穴８を通って中間層７に流れ込み、ここから分割マト
リックス層５Ａおよび５Ｂの層内へ浸透して行く。なお
この電解質の流入に伴ってもう一方の補給口１２からは
マトリックス層５．中間層７に残留しているガスが抜は
出る。かくしてセルスタックを組立てた後でも、補給口
１２ヘパイブを接続して外部から電解質を注入し、マト
リックス５へ円滑に補給含浸させることが可能になる。In the above configuration, the electrolyte storage tank 11 communicates with the intermediate layer 7 within the cell via the hole 8 passing through the electrode 3 and the segmented matrix layer 5A. Therefore, when electrolyte is injected from the outside through either of the two electrolyte replenishment ports 12, the electrolyte is transferred to the storage tank 11. It flows into the intermediate layer 7 through the supply hole 8 and from there penetrates into the divided matrix layers 5A and 5B. As this electrolyte flows in, the matrix layer 5. Gas remaining in the intermediate layer 7 is removed. In this way, even after the cell stack is assembled, the electrolyte can be injected from the outside by connecting the replenishing port 12 and the matrix 5 can be replenished and impregnated smoothly.
しかも分割マドＩＪツクス層５Ａと５Ｂの間には流路抵
抗が小さく、かつ撥水性のない中間層７が形成されてい
るので、電解質は抵抗なく流れ込み、この中間層７から
上下の分割マトリックスＩ＠５＾５Ｂの全面域へ一様に
含浸されることになる。また前記の貯蔵タンク１１は電
池の運転時にはリザーバとしての役目を果し、運転状態
の変化に伴ってマトリックス５に含浸保持されている電
解質の体積が増減しても、過不足のないようタンク１１
で吸収することができる。加えて中間層７を設けたこと
により、マトリックスの端部からでも十分全面域へ浸透
させることができ、それだけ電極のガス拡散領域を広く
活用し得て電池の性能向上にも寄与できる。Moreover, since an intermediate layer 7 with low flow path resistance and no water repellency is formed between the divided matrix layers 5A and 5B, the electrolyte flows without resistance from this intermediate layer 7 to the upper and lower divided matrices I. The entire area of @5^5B will be uniformly impregnated. The storage tank 11 also serves as a reservoir during operation of the battery, and even if the volume of the electrolyte impregnated and held in the matrix 5 increases or decreases as the operating conditions change, the tank 11
can be absorbed. In addition, by providing the intermediate layer 7, it is possible to penetrate the entire surface area even from the edges of the matrix, and the gas diffusion area of the electrode can be utilized more widely, which can also contribute to improving the performance of the battery.
なお図示実施例におけるバイポーラプレートの代りに、
多孔質電極基板を用いたタイプの燃料電池でもま９“く
同様に実施７き、虎・こ０層合には電解質貯蔵タンクが
電極基板の内部に画成される。Note that instead of the bipolar plate in the illustrated embodiment,
Fuel cells of the type using porous electrode substrates have also been similarly implemented, with an electrolyte storage tank defined inside the electrode substrate.
以上述べたように、この発明は単電池のマトリックス層
を２層に分割してその間にｖＬ解質通路として働く中間
層を形成するとともに、この単電池に組合わせて積層さ
れるバイポーラプレートあるいは多孔質電極基板の内部
に電解質貯蔵タンクを画成し、しかもこのタンクと前記
の中間層との間を電極を貫通して連通し合うように構成
したものであり、したがってマトリックスへの電解質補
給を外部からスムーズにしかもマトリックス全域に均勢
に行き渡るように行なうことができ、その実益は極めて
大である。As described above, the present invention divides the matrix layer of a single cell into two layers, forms an intermediate layer between them that serves as a VL solute passage, and a bipolar plate or porous plate that is laminated in combination with this single cell. An electrolyte storage tank is defined inside the electrolyte electrode substrate, and the tank and the intermediate layer are communicated through the electrode, so that electrolyte replenishment to the matrix is carried out externally. This can be done smoothly and evenly throughout the matrix, and the benefits are extremely large.
第１図はこの発明の実施例による単電池の構成を示す一
部切欠平面図、第２図は第１図における矢視１−１断面
図、第３図は単電池にバイポーラプレートを組合わせた
実施例の一部切欠平面図、第４図は第３図における矢視
ＩＶ−ＩＶ断面図である。
、１
１・・・単電池、２□貌バイポーラプレー）、３．４・
・・電極、５・・・マトリ、、１１ツクス、５Ａ、５Ｂ
・・・分割マトリックス層、７・・・中間層、８・・・
穴、・１１・・・電解質貯蔵タンク、１２・・・電解質
補給口。
ず １ 図
′／
す ２ 目
ｆ ３ 目
／２
ず ４ 図Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view showing the structure of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along arrow 1-1 in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a combination of a unit cell and a bipolar plate. FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. , 1 1... cell, 2 □ bipolar play), 3.4.
...Electrode, 5... Matrix, 11x, 5A, 5B
...Divided matrix layer, 7... Middle layer, 8...
Hole, 11... Electrolyte storage tank, 12... Electrolyte supply port. zu 1 figure'/su 2 eyef 3 eye/2 zu 4 figure
Claims (1)
ックスを挾持して単電池を構成したマトリックス型燃料
電池において、１ＶｉＩ配マｌ−ＩＪラックス２層に分
割してこの分割Ｉ−の間に電解質供給通路となる中間層
を設けるとともに、前記上下の電極のうちの上位の電極
側に積層された反応カス供通路を有するパイホーラブレ
ートあるいは多孔質電極基板の内部に電解質貯蔵タンク
を画成し、かつ該タンクと前記中間層との間を電極を貫
通して上下に連通したことを％徴とするマトリックス型
燃料電池０ ２、特許請求の範Ｈ第１項記載の燃料電池において、バ
イポーラプレートあるいは多孔質電極基板がその内部に
画成された電解質貯蔵タンクへ通じる電解質補給口を外
１１［ｏに開口して備えていることを特徴とするマトリ
ックス型燃料電池。[Claims] 1) In a matrix type fuel cell in which a single cell is constructed by sandwiching a matrix impregnated with and holding an electrolyte between two upper and lower electrodes, the fuel cell is divided into two layers of 1ViI distribution l-IJ lux. An intermediate layer serving as an electrolyte supply passage is provided between this division I-, and the interior of a piholar plate or porous electrode substrate has a reaction waste supply passage laminated on the upper electrode side of the upper and lower electrodes. A matrix fuel cell characterized in that an electrolyte storage tank is defined in the tank, and vertical communication is provided between the tank and the intermediate layer through electrodes, Claim H. In the fuel cell described above, the bipolar plate or the porous electrode substrate is provided with an electrolyte replenishment port opening to the outside and communicating with an electrolyte storage tank defined therein. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57048379A JPS58165263A (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1982-03-26 | Matrix type fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57048379A JPS58165263A (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1982-03-26 | Matrix type fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58165263A true JPS58165263A (en) | 1983-09-30 |
| JPH0129028B2 JPH0129028B2 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
Family
ID=12801679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57048379A Granted JPS58165263A (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1982-03-26 | Matrix type fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58165263A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6088463U (en) * | 1983-11-24 | 1985-06-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JPS62119871A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1987-06-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electrolytic solution supplier for stacked fuel cell |
-
1982
- 1982-03-26 JP JP57048379A patent/JPS58165263A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6088463U (en) * | 1983-11-24 | 1985-06-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JPS62119871A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1987-06-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electrolytic solution supplier for stacked fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0129028B2 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
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