JPS58139128A - Entirely solid-state electrochromic element - Google Patents
Entirely solid-state electrochromic elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPS58139128A JPS58139128A JP57019742A JP1974282A JPS58139128A JP S58139128 A JPS58139128 A JP S58139128A JP 57019742 A JP57019742 A JP 57019742A JP 1974282 A JP1974282 A JP 1974282A JP S58139128 A JPS58139128 A JP S58139128A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- color
- substances
- developing
- layer
- electrochromic element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1524—Transition metal compounds
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の技術分野〕
本発明はエレクトロクロミー現象を利用した全固体電気
発色素子に関し、更に詳しくは、低電圧でも作動し、色
表示が鮮明でコントラストが良好であり、応答速度の大
きい全固体電気発色素子に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an all-solid-state electrochromic element that utilizes the electrochromy phenomenon, and more particularly, to an all-solid-state electrochromic element that operates even at low voltage and has clear color display and good contrast. , relates to an all-solid-state electroluminescent element with high response speed.
エレクトロクロミー現象を利用する電気発色素子として
は、従来から、次のような構造のものが知られている。As electroluminescent elements that utilize the electrochromy phenomenon, those having the following structures are conventionally known.
すなわち、ナ＜なくとも一方が透光性である一対の電極
の関に１遷移金鵬酸化物、例えばタングステン酸化物か
ら成る発色層と該層に陽イオンを供嚇する丸めの電解質
層とを隣接して同時に介挿させ友ものである。That is, a coloring layer made of a one-transition metal oxide, for example, tungsten oxide, and a round electrolyte layer that supplies cations to the layer are placed adjacent to a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent. And at the same time, it's a friend.
この素子においては、電極間に所定の電圧（通常、約６
Ｖ）が印加されると該電解質層から陽イオンが隣接する
発色層に供給され、該発色層は該陽イオンを受容して発
色する。In this device, a predetermined voltage (usually about 6
When V) is applied, cations are supplied from the electrolyte layer to the adjacent coloring layer, and the coloring layer receives the cations and develops a color.
しかしながら、従来から知られ□ている電気発色素子は
、その発色も青色を中心とした特定の色に限定されてい
る丸め応用範囲が狭く、シかも、発色時の徴収特性は視
感度のない近赤外領域に吸収ビー、り（λｍ＆Ｘ約９Ｑ
Ｑｕｎ）を有するのでその吸収−線の吸収端で観測者は
かろうじて発色（青色）をＩ！ｉ！Ｌ得るにすぎないと
いう不都合があう九、その友め、発色効率の点蜘らいっ
ても、効率が悪く、鮮明な色表示が必ずしも得られない
という欠点を有していた。However, the electrochromic elements that have been known in the past have a narrow range of application as their color generation is limited to specific colors, mainly blue. Absorption beam in the infrared region (λm&X approx. 9Q
At the absorption edge of the absorption line, the observer can barely see the color (blue) I! i! In addition to the inconvenience of only obtaining L, the color development efficiency is poor, and clear color display cannot always be obtained.
このような欠点を解消するために、ＷＯ，のような還元
性発色物質を主体としこれＫ ＷＯ，のような酸化性発
色物質を混合して成る混合層を発色層とし骸発色層に隣
接して電解質層を設妙て成る電気発色素子（４Ｉ開ｌｉ
！１５５−１４５７１１７号参ｌＩ）、又は、酸化性発
色物質の層と還元性発色物質の層との関に電解質層を挾
持し九構造の全固体電気発色素子（％開昭５６−４６７
９号参照）などが提案されている。In order to eliminate such drawbacks, a mixed layer consisting mainly of a reducing color-forming substance such as WO, mixed with an oxidizing color-forming substance such as KWO, is used as the color-forming layer, and is adjacent to the skeleton color-forming layer. An electroluminescent element (4I developed) consisting of an electrolyte layer
! 155-1457117), or an all-solid-state electrochromic element with a nine-structure structure in which an electrolyte layer is sandwiched between a layer of an oxidizing color-forming substance and a layer of a reducing color-forming substance (% 1986-467).
(See No. 9) have been proposed.
しかしながら、このような構造の電気発色素子にあって
は、発色層Ｋ１１ｉＷ！して電解質層を設けなければな
らなりえめ、該電解質層が液体であると同体であるとを
問わず、素子製造時に骸発色層と該電解質層との界ｉＩ
！触状態にバラツキが生じて、鉄兜色層の発・消色性能
が不安定となる。それは色表示の鮮明度の低下又ｉｊ：
ｚントラストの低下を招く原因ともなる。However, in an electrochromic element with such a structure, the coloring layer K11iW! Regardless of whether the electrolyte layer is liquid or solid, the interface between the coloring layer and the electrolyte layer must be maintained during device manufacturing.
! This causes variations in the contact state, making the coloring and decoloring performance of the iron helmet color layer unstable. It also reduces the clarity of color display:
This may also cause a decrease in z-n trust.
また、従来構造の電気発色素子における発色現象は、ま
ず、発色層と電解質層の界聞から紬ま）時間の経過とと
もに骸発色層の深部に及んでいくという態様をとる丸め
、その発色応答性を高めることＫは自ずと限界がある。In addition, the coloring phenomenon in electrochromic elements with conventional structure begins with the coloring response, which starts from the boundary between the coloring layer and the electrolyte layer, and spreads to the deep part of the coloring layer over time. There are naturally limits to increasing K.
すなわち、発色をＩ１ｇＬ得る発色ｎｏ厚みを４１電解
質層かも供給されるイオンの拡散係数をＤとすると、発
色層における応答時間τは、τｙ’／ｐｌｉ度となる。That is, if the coloring thickness to obtain coloring is I1gL is 41 electrolyte layers and the diffusion coefficient of the supplied ions is D, then the response time τ in the coloring layer is τy'/pli degrees.
したがって、応答速度を高める（Ｔを小さくする）九め
には、Ｄを大きくすればよい。Therefore, in order to increase the response speed (reduce T), D should be increased.
そのためには、通常、発色層の充填率を低下させて低密
度とすればよいが、そのことは発色層の機械的強度を低
下させ、まえ、隣接層との相互重着性を低下させて素子
全体の使用寿命の鎧縮をもたらすので好ましくない。To achieve this, it is usually necessary to lower the density of the coloring layer by lowering its filling rate, but this lowers the mechanical strength of the coloring layer and also reduces mutual adhesion with adjacent layers. This is undesirable because it shortens the service life of the entire device.
本発明は、色表示が鮮明でコントラストも良 １好
であ〕、低電圧で作動し、かつ＾速応答性を備え、発色
ｅ性の制御が容易で°ある全同体電気発色素子の提供を
目的とする。The present invention aims to provide an all-isoelectrochromic element that has clear color display and good contrast, operates at low voltage, has fast response, and has easy control of color emitting properties. purpose.
本発明の全固体電気発色素子は、すくなくと４一方が透
光性である一対の電極の間に１酸化して発色若しくは消
色するすくなくとも１種の物質と、還元して発色若しく
け消色するすくなくとも１１ｍの物質との混合膜又は多
重積層膜である発色層を挾持する全固体電気発色素子で
あって、鉄電極と該発色層とが直接相互に接触している
構造であることを特徴とする。The all-solid-state electrochromic element of the present invention has at least 4 substances between a pair of electrodes, one of which is translucent, and at least one substance that develops or decolors when oxidized, and at least one substance that develops or decolors when reduced. It is an all-solid-state electrophoretic element that sandwiches a coloring layer that is a mixed film or multilayered film of at least 11 m of colored material, and has a structure in which the iron electrode and the coloring layer are in direct contact with each other. Features.
本発明で用いる酸化して発色若しくは消色する物質とし
ては、例えばＶ＊Ｏｓ ＊ Ｗｏｎ ｍ Ｃｕ＠ Ｏｅ
ＮｊＯｐＳ ｎＱ ｅ Ｐ ｂＱ ａ Ｃ＠
諺Ｏａ ｅ Ｔ １０ ＃ Ｇａ、Ｏ＃ Ａ
Ｔｌ＊ Ｏｅ Ｈｇｔ ＯｐＴｂ＊Ｏｍ ＃ ＳｉＯ
ｅｌＴａＯｔ ＦｓＯ，ＯｓＯ＊Ａｕ、０．Ｍｏ０ａ＊
＼
Ｃｒ Ｏ＠ Ｃ４０ｅ ＩＷ、＊Ｏｓ ｅ ＭｎＯｅ
ＵＯ＠ ＠ Ｃ’ Ｏのｌｌｉ又は２１１以上の混合物
をあけることができる。また、還元して発色若しくは消
色する物質としては、例えば％ Ｗｏｎ ａ ＵＩＯｓ
ｌＧ＆Ｏｐ ＭｎＯ３ｇ ｓｎｏ、 ＃Ｉ ’ｌｏｔ
＃ ＮｋｌｔＯｓ ＊ ＵＯｓ ｍ ’ｒ＠ｏ、 ｅ
ＣｄＯ、Ｃｒ、Ｏｎ ｌ Ｍｎ０１゜Ｔａｍｅｓ Ｉ
Ｃ’ｔＯｓ ｔ Ｂ＠Ｏｖ ＋ Ａｕｔｏｓ ＃ Ｓ
ｂｍＯｓ ＋ Ｔ ｊａｍ ＃Ｃ＠（％ ＋ ＳｂｍＯ
ｓ ｍ ＡｇＯｐ Ｆ町０１の１機又は２１１１以上の
混合物をあけることができる。Examples of the substance that develops or decolors upon oxidation used in the present invention include V*Os*Won m Cu@Oe.
NjOpS nQ e P bQ a C@
Proverb Oa e T 10 # Ga, O# A
Tl* Oe Hgt OpTb*Om # SiO
elTaOt FsO, OsO*Au, 0. Mo0a*
＼ Cr O＠ C40e IW, *Os e MnOe
UO@@C'O'li or a mixture of 211 or more can be opened. In addition, as a substance that develops or decolors by reduction, for example, %Won a UIOs
lG&Op MnO3g sno, #I'lot
# NkltOs * UOs m 'r@o, e
CdO, Cr, On l Mn01゜Tames I
C'tOs t B@Ov + Autos # S
bmOs + T jam #C@(% + SbmO
s m AgOp F town 01 machine or a mixture of 2111 or more can be opened.
本発明にかかる発色層にあっては、上記し九酸化性発色
物質と還元性発色物質とが、前者５〜９ｓ重量−５後者
９５〜５重量−の組成比で構成されることが好ましく、
それぞれがこの範囲を外れると発色効率の低下中コント
ラストの低下などの不都合が生じて好ましくない。In the color-forming layer according to the present invention, it is preferable that the nonaoxidizing color-forming substance and the reducing color-forming substance described above are constituted in a composition ratio of 5 to 9 s weight of the former to 95 to 5 weight of the latter,
If each of them is out of this range, disadvantages such as a decrease in coloring efficiency and a decrease in contrast occur, which is not preferable.
本発明にかかる発色層の中では、上記し九駿化性発色物
質と還元性発色物質とが相互に極めて近接した状態で混
在又は層状に＃接していることが必費である。このよう
な構成をとることによって、本発明にかかる発色層は、
両者間において極めて微細かつ局部的に行なわれる電荷
交換が可能とな）、それに基づく鉄兜色層の＾速応答性
を達成することができる。In the color-forming layer according to the present invention, it is essential that the above-mentioned color-forming substance having a color-forming property and a color-forming substance having a reducing property are mixed in close proximity to each other or are in contact with each other in a layered manner. By adopting such a configuration, the coloring layer according to the present invention can
Very fine and local charge exchange is possible between the two, and based on this, the quick response of the iron-colored layer can be achieved.
このため、本発明における発色層は、上記した酸化性発
色物質と還元性発色物質とを混在させて成る混合膜とし
て形成される。又は、両者の薄層を交互に積層して成る
多重積層膜とじて形成される。Therefore, the coloring layer in the present invention is formed as a mixed film in which the above-described oxidizing coloring material and reducing coloring material are mixed together. Alternatively, it is formed as a multi-layered film formed by alternately laminating thin layers of both.
このような発色層に更Ｋ 、 ＮａＯＨ、ＫＯＨ、Ｌｉ
ＯＨ。In addition, K, NaOH, KOH, Li
Oh.
ＮａＣｊ、ＬｉｆＪ、ＬｌｌＭｇＦｍ 、ＬＩＣｊＯ４
，ＨｔＯ，ＳＩＯ。NaCj, LifJ, LllMgFm, LICjO4
, HtO, SIO.
Ｃｒ、Ｏｓ、 ＭｍＯ，、Ｓ ｉ Ｏ，、Ｔａｍｅｓ
ｍモレキュ２−シーツなどの酸、アルカリ、塩のような
イオン導電性の非発色性物質を含有させると、発色層の
コントラスト、応答性が向上するので有用である。Cr, Os, MmO,, S i O,, Tames
It is useful to include an ion-conductive non-color forming substance such as an acid, an alkali, or a salt such as M-Molecu 2-sheet because it improves the contrast and responsiveness of the color forming layer.
本発明の素子は、上記した発色層を、直接、ナくなくと
４一方が透光性の一対の薄膜状電極で挾持して構成され
る。電極の材料としては、Ｉｎｌ０． ＃ ｓｎｏ、あ
るいはこれらの、混合物、Ｉ”＊ＯｓｍｇｎへＥ Ｃ４
１０等を添加しえものなど常用されるもＯてよい。The element of the present invention is constructed by directly sandwiching the above coloring layer between a pair of thin film electrodes, one of which is translucent. As the material of the electrode, Inl0. # E C4 to sno, or a mixture of these, I”*Osmgn
Commonly used products such as those containing 10 or more may also be used.
本発明素子は、例えばガラスから成る基板の上に、まず
透光性の導電材を例えば蒸着して薄膜状電極を形成し、
その上に発色層の構成物質を蒸着し、最後に透光性又は
非透光性の導電材を蒸着して電極とすることＫよって容
易に製造することができる。In the device of the present invention, a thin film electrode is formed by first depositing a transparent conductive material on a substrate made of glass, for example, and
It can be easily manufactured by depositing a constituent material of the coloring layer thereon, and finally depositing a light-transmitting or non-light-transmitting conductive material to form an electrode.
〔発明０＊施例〕
実施例１〜４
酸化性発色物質として留０２．還元性発色物質としてＷ
ｏｎを用いた。ガラス基板０片１１ＫまずＩｎ、Ｏｓを
蒸着して薄膜電極を形成し、ついで、２元蒸着装飯な用
いて、表１Ｋ示し九条件でｗｏ、 −ｗｏ、の混合膜を
被着せしめた。この上に、更ＫＩｎ１ｏ、の薄膜電極を
形成し、該電極をエポキシ樹脂で封止して全固体電気発
色素子を製造した。[Invention 0*Example] Examples 1 to 4 Distillation 02. as an oxidative color-forming substance. W as a reducing coloring substance
on was used. Glass substrate 0 piece 11K First, In and Os were evaporated to form a thin film electrode, and then a mixed film of WO, -WO, and WO was deposited using a binary evaporation equipment under the nine conditions shown in Table 1K. On top of this, a thin film electrode of KIn1o was formed, and the electrode was sealed with an epoxy resin to produce an all-solid-state electroluminescent element.
得られ九素子の両電極間に２Ｖの電圧を印加し、素子の
透過率が最初のｖ２となるに費した時間をはかり、これ
を素子の応答性の目安とした。ｔえ、コントラス）Ｋつ
いては着色時の透過率Ｔ１非着色時の透過率Ｔ、とじた
とき、（Ｔ＠Ｔ）／Ｔａｘ １００ ： （１１）をも
って電気発色性として表示した。以上の結果を一括して
表ＩＫ示した。A voltage of 2 V was applied between both electrodes of the nine elements obtained, and the time required for the transmittance of the element to reach the initial v2 was measured, and this was used as a measure of the responsiveness of the element. (contrast) K is expressed as electrochromicity using transmittance T when colored, transmittance T when not colored, and (T@T)/Tax 100: (11) when closed. The above results are summarized in Table IK.
なお、比較のためＷＯ３のみを蒸着した素子を製造し、
その結果を比較例１として併記した。For comparison, we manufactured an element in which only WO3 was deposited.
The results are also listed as Comparative Example 1.
まえ、ＷＯ８層Ｋ Ｍｇ１ｉ’、から成る電解質層を蒸
着し表 ３
実施例１２〜１４
ガラス、基板上に蒸着しｆｃ Ｉ ｎ１ｏｌの薄膜電極
に１２元蒸着装置によってＷＯａと’ｂｏｂの薄層を交
互に蒸着して膜厚３０００ Ａの多重積層膜の発色層を
形成したことを除いては、実施例１〜４と同様にして全
一体電気発色素子を製造した。ただし、このとき、発色
層全体におけるＷｏｓ／ｖ＊ｏｓの重量比は８０〜２０
チとなるように賀意した。First, an electrolyte layer consisting of 8 layers of WO, KMg1i', was evaporated onto the glass substrate, and thin layers of WOa and 'bob were alternately deposited on the fc I n1ol thin film electrode using a 12-element evaporator. All-integrated electrochromic elements were manufactured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that a multilayer coloring layer having a film thickness of 3000 A was formed by vapor deposition. However, at this time, the weight ratio of Wos/v*os in the entire coloring layer is 80 to 20.
I wished him well.
得られた素子の性能を表′４に示した。The performance of the obtained device is shown in Table 4.
以上の説明から明らかなように１本発明の全固体電気発
色素子は電解質層を設秒ることが不要とな〕、２ｖとい
う低電圧でも作動し、高速応答性１１れ、コントンスト
も良好なのでその工業的−麹は大である。As is clear from the above explanation, the all-solid-state electroluminescent element of the present invention does not require the installation of an electrolyte layer, operates at a low voltage of 2V, has high-speed response11, and has good contrast. Industrial - Koji is large.
［１[1
Claims (1)
に、酸化して発色若しくは消色するすくなくとも１種の
物質と還元して発色若しくは消色するすくなくとも１種
の物質との混合膜又は多重積層膜である発色層を挾持す
る全固体電気発色素子であって、骸電極と骸発色層とが
直接相互に接触している構造であることを特徴とする全
固体電気発色素子。 ２ 該発色層には、非発色物質が添加されている特許請
求の範囲第１項記載の全固体電気発色素子。[Scope of Claims] 1. Between at least 4 pairs of electrodes, one of which is translucent, at least one substance that develops or discolors when oxidized and at least one substance that develops or discolors when reduced. An all-solid-state electrochromic element sandwiching a coloring layer that is a mixed film or a multi-layered film with a substance such as Solid electrochromic element. 2. The all-solid-state electrochromic element according to claim 1, wherein a non-coloring substance is added to the coloring layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57019742A JPS58139128A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Entirely solid-state electrochromic element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57019742A JPS58139128A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Entirely solid-state electrochromic element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58139128A true JPS58139128A (en) | 1983-08-18 |
Family
ID=12007782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57019742A Pending JPS58139128A (en) | 1982-02-12 | 1982-02-12 | Entirely solid-state electrochromic element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58139128A (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58142319A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Ec dimmer |
| US8228592B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2012-07-24 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8300298B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2012-10-30 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8764951B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-07-01 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8764950B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-07-01 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
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| US10156762B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2018-12-18 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
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| US10345671B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2019-07-09 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
| US10591795B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2020-03-17 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
| US10852613B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2020-12-01 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode material for electrochromic devices |
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-
1982
- 1982-02-12 JP JP57019742A patent/JPS58139128A/en active Pending
Cited By (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58142319A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Ec dimmer |
| US11370699B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2022-06-28 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
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| US10852613B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2020-12-01 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode material for electrochromic devices |
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| US8228592B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2012-07-24 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8300298B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2012-10-30 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US10185197B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2019-01-22 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
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| US8582193B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2013-11-12 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US9720298B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2017-08-01 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US9261751B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2016-02-16 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US10996533B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2021-05-04 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US9164346B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-10-20 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8749868B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-06-10 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US9140951B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-09-22 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8764950B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-07-01 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8758575B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-06-24 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US8764951B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2014-07-01 | View, Inc. | Electrochromic devices |
| US11891327B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2024-02-06 | View, Inc. | Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices |
| US11422426B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2022-08-23 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
| US10684523B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2020-06-16 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
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| US11960188B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2024-04-16 | View, Inc. | Counter electrode for electrochromic devices |
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