JPS581337B2 - Solar heating and cooling system - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、循環熱媒を太陽熱により加熱する集熱器と、
ここで加熱された熱媒を発生熱源として作動することに
より冷水を取得可能な吸収式冷凍機と、この冷凍機で取
得した冷水又は前記の加熱熱媒を択一的に循環流動させ
ることにより室内に対する冷房作用又は暖房作用を行な
う空調器とを備えた太陽熱利用の冷暖房システムに関す
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a heat collector that heats a circulating heat medium using solar heat;
There is an absorption refrigerator that can obtain cold water by operating the heated heating medium as a heat source, and an absorption refrigerator that can generate cold water indoors by selectively circulating and flowing the cold water obtained by this refrigerator or the heating heating medium. The present invention relates to a heating and cooling system using solar heat, which is equipped with an air conditioner that performs a cooling or heating effect on a room.

従来のこの種の太陽熱利用の冷暖房システムにあっては
、冷暖房のエネルギー源として、主に集熱器による取得
太陽熱のみに頼っていたために、次のような問題があっ
た。Conventional solar heating and cooling systems of this type have had the following problems because they have relied primarily on solar heat obtained from a heat collector as an energy source for heating and cooling.

即ち、（イ）空調負荷は年間を通じて大きく変動するに
も拘わらず、集熱器ならびに冷凍機の容量を、年間の最
大負荷に見合った相当大きなものにしなければならない
。That is, (a) despite the fact that the air conditioning load fluctuates greatly throughout the year, the capacity of the heat collector and refrigerator must be made considerably large to match the annual maximum load.

（ロ）それにも拘わらず、空調負荷が小さい場合には、
集熱器、冷凍機の能力を最大限発揮させることができず
、熱効率が低いものとならざるを得ない。(b) Nevertheless, if the air conditioning load is small,
The capacity of the heat collector and refrigerator cannot be maximized, and the thermal efficiency inevitably becomes low.

（ハ）しかも日照が十分あって、空調負荷の小さい場合
に余る熱を溜めるための相当容量の大きなクッションタ
ンク（蓄熱槽）を必要とする。(c) Furthermore, when there is sufficient sunlight and the air conditioning load is small, a cushion tank (thermal storage tank) with a considerably large capacity is required to store excess heat.

（ニ）更に冷凍機の作動用熱媒温度が約８２℃以上でな
ければならないという前提的な制約条件がある上に、冷
凍機で空調に必要な最適温度約７〜８℃の冷房水を得る
べく太陽熱で働く吸収式冷凍機で十分な冷却能力を得る
ためには、約８８℃以上の相当高い熱媒温度が必要で、
そのために集熱器で高い熱媒温度レベルでの集熱が必要
となるため、集熱器による集熱効率が低くならざるを得
なかった。(d) Furthermore, there is a prerequisite constraint that the operating heat medium temperature of the refrigerator must be approximately 82°C or higher, and the refrigerator is also required to use cooling water at an optimum temperature of approximately 7 to 8°C, which is necessary for air conditioning. In order to obtain sufficient cooling capacity with an absorption refrigerator that operates using solar heat, a fairly high heating medium temperature of approximately 88°C or higher is required.
Therefore, it is necessary for the heat collector to collect heat at a high heat medium temperature level, so that the heat collection efficiency by the heat collector has to be low.

又、日照がなくなった時は、補助熱源でもって温水冷凍
機を働かせ冷水を得るのであるが、この温水冷凍機は、
その機能上Ｃ．Ｏ．Ｐ （成績係数）が０．６５〜０．
６８位しかなく、従って、補助熱源で冷房を行なう運転
時は非常に効率が悪かった。Also, when there is no sunlight, the hot water refrigerator is operated using an auxiliary heat source to obtain cold water.
Its function is C. O. P (coefficient of performance) is 0.65-0.
It was only ranked 68th, and therefore the efficiency was extremely low when operating with an auxiliary heat source for cooling.

このように従来のものでは、全体として熱効率が十分な
ものとは言い難く、ランニングコストが高くつくととも
に、比較的高くつく設備費を償却し切れない面があった
。As described above, it is difficult to say that the conventional systems have sufficient thermal efficiency as a whole, and the running costs are high, and the relatively high equipment costs cannot be fully amortized.

本発明は、これら諸実情に鑑みて、全体的な熱効率の向
上を図ることにより、ランニングコストを低減化し、設
備費償却を行ないやすくすることを目的とする。In view of these circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to reduce running costs and facilitate equipment cost amortization by improving overall thermal efficiency.

以下、本発明の実施態様を図面に基づいて説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

１は、クッションタンク（蓄熱槽）２にポンプＰ１を介
して接続された太陽熱集熱器で、ポンプＰ１にて循環さ
れる水などの熱媒を取得した太陽熱で加熱するもので、
加熱された熱媒はクッションタンク２に貯溜される。1 is a solar heat collector connected to a cushion tank (thermal storage tank) 2 via a pump P1, which heats a heat medium such as water circulated by the pump P1 with acquired solar heat;
The heated heat medium is stored in the cushion tank 2.

クッションタンク２は、途中にボンプＰ２を介在した熱
媒循環流路３により、Ｃ．Ｏ．Ｐ （成績係数）約０．
６〜０．７の吸収式冷凍機４の発生器に接続され、この
冷凍機４の凝縮器がポンプＰ３を介して冷却塔５に接続
されてあり、冷凍機４の蒸発器に、ファンコイルユニッ
トなどの空調器６・・が、途中にポンプＰ４を介在した
空調用流体循環供給流路７により接続されてある一方、
前記両流路３，７の往行程部夫々と、復行程部夫々とに
亘って、冷凍機４をまたぐ状態で、加熱熱媒供給用の暖
房用往流路８ａと還流路８ｂとが、切替弁■１・・を介
してバイパス状に設けられてある。The cushion tank 2 has a C.I.C. O. P (coefficient of performance) approximately 0.
The condenser of the refrigerator 4 is connected to the cooling tower 5 via the pump P3, and the evaporator of the refrigerator 4 is connected to the generator of the absorption refrigerator 4. While the air conditioner 6, such as a unit, is connected by an air conditioning fluid circulation supply channel 7 with a pump P4 interposed in the middle,
A heating outgoing flow path 8a and a return flow path 8b for supplying a heating heat medium are spread over the refrigerator 4 over the forward stroke portions and the backward stroke portions of both flow paths 3 and 7, respectively. It is provided in a bypass manner via the switching valve ■1.

つまり、切替弁■１・・を暖房用往流路８ａ１還流路８
ｂが流通状態となるように切替えたときは、クッション
タンク２からの熱媒が往流路８ａ、供給流路７、還流路
８ｂを循環し、空調器６・・をして室内に対する暖房作
用を行なわさせ、又、切替弁■１・・を冷凍機４と供給
流路７とが連通する状態に切替えたとき、クッションク
ンク２からの熱媒を発生熱源として冷凍機４を作動させ
、これにより取得された冷房水を空調器６・・に流動さ
せることにより、空調器６・・をして冷房作用を行なわ
させるのであり、暖房作用と冷房作用とが択一的に切替
えられるべく構成されている。In other words, the switching valve ■1... is connected to the heating outflow path 8a1 and the return flow path 8.
When b is switched to the circulating state, the heat medium from the cushion tank 2 circulates through the outgoing flow path 8a, the supply flow path 7, and the return flow path 8b, and the air conditioner 6... produces a heating effect on the room. , and when the switching valve ■1 is switched to a state where the refrigerator 4 and the supply flow path 7 are in communication, the refrigerator 4 is operated using the heat medium from the cushion cushion 2 as a generated heat source, By causing the obtained cooling water to flow to the air conditioners 6, the air conditioners 6 perform a cooling action, and are configured so that the heating action and the cooling action can be selectively switched. has been done.

而して、空調器６・・から冷凍機４への途中における冷
房水又は加熱熱媒の供給流路７部分（復行程）にはヘッ
ダー９が介在されてある一方、冷凍機４から空調器６・
・への途中における供給流路７部分（往行程）の二箇所
に、三方弁からなる切替弁Ｖ２，Ｖ２が介在され、これ
ら両切替弁■２■２間に、別のガス焚き二重効用型のＣ
．Ｏ．Ｐ約１．０の吸収式冷凍機１０の発生器と前記ヘ
ッダー９とを介在する冷房水専用迂回流路１１が接続さ
れてある。A header 9 is interposed in the cooling water or heating heat medium supply flow path 7 portion (return stroke) on the way from the air conditioner 6 to the refrigerator 4, while the 6.
Switching valves V2 and V2 consisting of three-way valves are interposed at two locations in the supply flow path 7 portion (outward stroke) on the way to Type C
．． O. A detour flow path 11 exclusively for cooling water is connected to the generator of the absorption refrigerating machine 10 with P of about 1.0 and the header 9 interposed therebetween.

そして上流側の切替弁■２と第一の冷凍機４との間の供
給流路７部分に介在した検温具１２が、両切替弁Ｖ２、
Ｖ２に電気的に接続されていて、この電気接続構成が、
第一冷凍機４からの冷房水温度が設定温度（約９〜１０
℃）以上になったとき、これを検温具１２が検出して、
第一冷凍機４からの冷房水を迂回流路１１側に流動すべ
く切替弁Ｖ２、Ｖ２を自動的に切替える機構１３を構成
している。Then, a temperature measuring device 12 interposed in the supply flow path 7 portion between the upstream switching valve V2 and the first refrigerator 4 is connected to both switching valves V2,
V2, and this electrical connection configuration is
The temperature of the cooling water from the first refrigerator 4 is the set temperature (approximately 9 to 10
℃), the temperature measuring device 12 detects this and
A mechanism 13 is configured to automatically switch the switching valves V2 and V2 so that the cooling water from the first refrigerator 4 flows to the detour channel 11 side.

尚、１４は、第二の冷凍機１０の凝縮器に接続された冷
却塔、１５は、熱媒循環流路３に対し、三方弁Ｖ３を介
して並列接続した補助ボイラー、１６は熱媒循環流路３
を密閉回路に形成した場合の圧力調整用タンクである。In addition, 14 is a cooling tower connected to the condenser of the second refrigerator 10, 15 is an auxiliary boiler connected in parallel to the heat medium circulation flow path 3 via a three-way valve V3, and 16 is a heat medium circulation Channel 3
This is a pressure adjustment tank when a sealed circuit is formed.

１７は給湯回路である。17 is a hot water supply circuit.

次に上記構成の太陽熱利用の冷暖房システムの夏季冷房
作用時での昨動を説明する。Next, a description will be given of the behavior of the solar heating and cooling system configured as described above during the summer cooling operation.

（ｉ）太陽の日照が十分あり、クッションタンク２の熱
媒温度が８５℃位で、第一冷凍機４からの冷房水が約８
〜９℃となっていて、空調器６・・の負荷が第一冷凍機
４でまかなえる程度に小さい場合は、切替弁Ｖ２、Ｖ２
は、供給流路７の専用流通状態となっているので、第一
冷凍機４からの冷房水のみを空調器６・・に流動させて
室内冷房をする。(i) There is sufficient sunlight, the heating medium temperature in the cushion tank 2 is about 85°C, and the cooling water from the first refrigerator 4 is about 85°C.
~9℃ and the load on the air conditioner 6 is small enough to be covered by the first refrigerator 4, the switching valves V2 and V2
Since the supply channel 7 is in a dedicated distribution state, only the cooling water from the first refrigerator 4 flows to the air conditioner 6 to cool the room.

空調器６・・の負荷がある程度に大きくなった場合は、
第二冷凍機１０が働いて切替弁■２で冷水が混合される
。If the load on the air conditioner 6... increases to a certain extent,
The second refrigerator 10 operates and cold water is mixed at the switching valve 2.

（ｉｉ）太陽の日照が少なくなってクッションタンク２
の熱媒温度が下がり、第一冷凍機４からの冷房水温度が
約１０〜１１℃となった場合は、このことを検温具１２
が検出して、切替弁■２、■２が迂回流路１１専用流通
状態に自動的に切換えられ、第一冷凍機４からの約１０
〜１１℃の冷房水が、空調器６・・からの約１３〜１４
℃の還流冷水の一部と、ヘッダー９にて混合されて、こ
の還流冷水の温度を、その混合比に対応した分だけ予冷
低下させ（約１２〜１３℃）たのち、Ｃ．Ｏ．Ｐの高い
第二冷凍機１０にて７〜８℃に冷却し、これを空調器６
・・に流動させて冷房を行なう。(ii) Cushion tank 2 due to less sunlight
If the temperature of the heating medium decreases and the temperature of the cooling water from the first refrigerator 4 reaches approximately 10 to 11 degrees Celsius, this can be detected using the temperature measuring tool 12.
is detected, the switching valves ■2 and ■2 are automatically switched to the detour flow path 11-only flow state, and approximately 10
Cooling water at ~11°C comes from air conditioner 6...about 13~14°C.
It is mixed with a portion of the reflux cold water at C.C. in the header 9, and the temperature of this recirculation cold water is pre-cooled and lowered by an amount corresponding to the mixing ratio (about 12 to 13C). O. The second refrigerator 10 with high P cools the temperature to 7 to 8°C, and then the air conditioner 6
Air conditioning is performed by flowing the...

（尚、第一冷凍機４に流れる流量が少ない場合は、冷房
水温度が８〜９℃になっても、空調器６・・からの還流
冷水の全部をヘッダー９、第二冷凍機１０に還流させて
も良い。(In addition, if the flow rate flowing to the first refrigerator 4 is small, even if the cooling water temperature reaches 8 to 9 degrees Celsius, all of the recirculated cold water from the air conditioner 6... will be sent to the header 9 and the second refrigerator 10. It may be refluxed.

）（ｉｉｉ）日照が無い場合で、空調負荷が比較的小さ
な場合は、第二冷凍機１０のみで空調する。) (iii) When there is no sunlight and the air conditioning load is relatively small, only the second refrigerator 10 is used for air conditioning.

（ｉｖ）尚、日照がなく、かつ空調負荷を第二冷凍機１
０でまかなえない場合には、三方弁■３を切替え、補助
ボイラー１５を働かせて、前述（ｉ）又は（ｉｉ）の回
路状態において、第一、第二の両冷凍機４，１０の合計
能力により空調を行なう。(iv) In addition, there is no sunlight and the air conditioning load is reduced to 1
0, the three-way valve 3 is switched and the auxiliary boiler 15 is operated to reduce the total capacity of both the first and second refrigerators 4 and 10 in the circuit state of (i) or (ii) above. air conditioning.

以上の実施例で述べたように、本発明による太陽熱利用
の冷暖房システムは、前記吸収式冷凍機４がら空調器６
への間の冷水又は加熱熱媒供給流路７途中に、別の冷凍
機１０を備えた冷房水専用迂回流路１１を接続して冷水
をこの迂回流路１１側に流動すべく切替可能な機構１３
を設けてあることを特徴とするものであるから、集熱器
１、クッションタンク２、第一冷凍機４の容量を可及的
に小さくできながら、空調負荷に対する日射量の割合が
大きい場合には、この第一冷凍機４を最大能力で作動さ
せ、又、空調負荷に対する日射量の割合が小さい場合に
も第二冷凍機１０をも最大能力で作動させることができ
て、非常に効率の高い空調運転を実現できる。As described in the above embodiments, the solar heating and cooling system according to the present invention includes the absorption chiller 4 and the air conditioner 6.
It is possible to connect a detour passage 11 exclusively for cooling water equipped with another refrigerator 10 in the middle of the cold water or heating heat medium supply passage 7 between and switch to flow the cold water to this detour passage 11 side. Mechanism 13
This feature allows the capacity of the heat collector 1, the cushion tank 2, and the first refrigerator 4 to be made as small as possible, while also being able to accommodate a large proportion of solar radiation to the air conditioning load. The first refrigerator 4 can be operated at maximum capacity, and even when the ratio of solar radiation to the air conditioning load is small, the second refrigerator 10 can also be operated at maximum capacity, resulting in very high efficiency. Achieves high air conditioning operation.

従ってランニングコストを節減し得るとともに、設備費
の償却を比較的短期間で達成できる経済的な太陽熱利用
の冷暖房システムを提供し得るに至った。Therefore, it has become possible to provide an economical solar heating and cooling system that can reduce running costs and amortize equipment costs in a relatively short period of time.

尚、第二冷凍機１０を、空調器６からの還流冷水の一部
又は全部をとり込む予冷状態で作動させる場合には、ク
ッションタンク２の熱媒温度が低い状態でも第一冷凍機
４を作動させ得る利点がある。Note that when the second refrigerator 10 is operated in a pre-cooled state that takes in part or all of the recirculated cold water from the air conditioner 6, the first refrigerator 4 can be operated even when the heat medium temperature in the cushion tank 2 is low. There are advantages to being able to operate.

尚、第二冷凍機１０の作動、非作動切替えは手動で行な
っても良い。Note that switching between activation and deactivation of the second refrigerator 10 may be performed manually.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図面は本発明に係る太陽熱利用の冷暖房システムの実施
の態様を例示する概略構成図である。 １・・・・・・集熱器、４・・・・・・吸収式冷凍機、
６・・・・・・空調器、７・・・・・・供給流路、１０
・・・・・・別の冷凍機、１１・・・・・・迂回流路、
１３・・・・・・切替弁自動切替機構。The drawing is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of a heating and cooling system using solar heat according to the present invention. 1... Heat collector, 4... Absorption chiller,
6... Air conditioner, 7... Supply channel, 10
......Another refrigerator, 11...Detour flow path,
13...... Switching valve automatic switching mechanism.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １ 循環熱媒を太陽熱により加熱する集熱器１と、ここ
で加熱された熱媒を発生熱源として作動することにより
冷水を取得可能な吸収式冷凍機４と、この冷凍機４で取
得した冷水又は前記の加熱熱媒を択一的に循環流動させ
ることにより室内に対する冷房作用又は暖房作用を行な
う空調器６とを備えた太陽熱利用の冷暖房システムであ
って、前記吸収式冷凍機４がら空調器６への間の冷水又
は加熱熱媒供給流路７途中に、別の冷凍機１０を備えた
冷房水専用迂回流路１１を接続して冷水をこの迂回流路
１１側に流動すべく切替可能な機構１３を設けてあるこ
とを特徴とする太陽熱利用の冷暖房システム。1 A heat collector 1 that heats a circulating heat medium by solar heat, an absorption chiller 4 that can obtain cold water by operating the heat medium heated here as a generated heat source, and cold water obtained by this chiller 4. or an air conditioner 6 that performs a cooling or heating effect on a room by selectively circulating and flowing the heating medium; It is possible to connect a detour passage 11 exclusively for cooling water equipped with another refrigerator 10 in the middle of the cold water or heating heat medium supply passage 7 between the pipes 6 and 6, and to switch the cold water to flow to this detour passage 11 side. A heating and cooling system utilizing solar heat, characterized in that a mechanism 13 is provided.