JPH10510460A - 血管封鎖用エネルギー供給システム - Google Patents

血管封鎖用エネルギー供給システム

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JPH10510460A
JPH10510460A JP9512512A JP51251297A JPH10510460A JP H10510460 A JPH10510460 A JP H10510460A JP 9512512 A JP9512512 A JP 9512512A JP 51251297 A JP51251297 A JP 51251297A JP H10510460 A JPH10510460 A JP H10510460A
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バイセ,スティーブン・ポール
ケネディ,ジェニファー・セラフィン
ルキアナウ,スティーブン・ウェイド
ライアン,トーマス・パトリック
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 電気外科エネルギーは患者(13)の血管や血管組織を封鎖するために外科用器具(12)と組み合わせて用いられる。本システムの重要な効果の一つは、患者(13)の体内に何ら異物を残さずに患者(13)の血管を効果的に封鎖できる、という点である。また、本システムは直径10ミリという大きな血管でも封鎖することが可能である。更に本システムのもう一つの効果は、外科医が視覚的に封鎖の完全性を点検することができる、という点である。本発明は望ましい結果を達成するために圧力と電気外科エネルギーを制御しながら加えることとを組み合わせて作用する。外科用器具(12)は患者(13)の組織を把持し、適当な量の閉鎖力を組織に加えるために使用される。この器具は、閉鎖力を加えると同時に組織に電気外科エネルギーを導くことができる。患者(13)の血管及び血管組織を封鎖する方法は、患者(13)の血管及びその他の組織に圧力を加えるステップと、組織中のタンパク質を融かすに足るだけ十分に第1レベルの電気外科電力を血管及びその他の組織に加えるステップと、焼け焦げを起こさず乾燥させるに足るだけ十分に第2レベルの電気外科電力を血管やその他の組織に加えるステップと、血管やその他の組織が冷却され新しい圧縮された形質となるよう十分な時間、電気外科電力をゼロになるまで低下させるステップと、組織にかかっている圧力をゆるめるステップとを含む。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 血管封鎖用エネルギー供給システム 1.発明の分野 本発明は、血管及びその他の血管組織を封鎖するための医療用システムに関し 、特に、患者の組織に電気外科用エネルギーと組み合わせて圧力を加えることに より血管および血管組織の流れを永久的に封鎖するためのシステムに関する。 2.発明の背景 管路、静脈、動脈、血管束あるいは血管を結さつ又は閉塞することは多くの外 科処置において非常に一般的に行われている。大きな組織の場合は典型的には縫 合によって封鎖される。血管の縫合が困難であったり、時間がかかりすぎる場合 には結さつクリップが用いられることがある。クリップの配置や完全性は外科医 によって注意深くチェックされる必要がある。ステープルやクリップが万が一外 れるようなことがあれば、望ましくない出血を引き起こすこととなるからである 。よって外科医はしばしば閉鎖を完全なものとするために数個のクリップやステ ープルを用いている。 血管をクリップでとめる装置の中には、クリップの固定を助けるために電気外 科エネルギーを使用するものがある。米国特許第5207691号は、クリップ を通して組織に電気外科エネルギーが加えられる電気外科クリップアプリケータ ーを開示している。これは、電気外科エネルギーによってクリップと隣接する組 織とが融合され、この結果クリップがより確かに固定される、というものである 。 また、米国特許第5201900号は二つの別々な導電部を有する双極外科ク リップを開示している。この発明では、クリップにエネルギーを与えるために双 極電気外科器具が用いられており、クリップの一方の端子が活性電極に、もう一 方の端子が戻り電極に接続されている。 但し、これら上記のシステムにはいづれも患者の体内に異物を残す、という欠 点が伴う。他にも組織を封鎖する方法は開示されているが、信頼性の問題からい づれの方法も広く受け入れられるには至っていない。例えば、米国特許第515 1102号では双極電気外科エネルギーで作動する血管の凝固・流出止め装置が 開示されている。この装置は血管を把持し、電気外科エネルギーを与えるための 鉗子によって操作されるものである。この処置の際中、血管壁は縮み、組織は固 くなる。また、この方法は直径が約2ミリメーターより大きい組織を封鎖するに は信頼性に欠け、適当ではなかった。 いくつかの刊行物にも電気外科術を用いて小さな血管を封鎖するための方法が 開示されている。“凝固に関する研究及び自動コンピューター化双極凝固装置の 開発”(J.Neurosurg,1991年7月、第75巻)と題する論文には小さな血管 を封鎖するために使われる双極凝固装置が記載されている。この論文によると、 直径が2から2.5ミリより大きい動脈を安全に凝固することは不可能であった 、と記されている。 また、二つ目の論文は“自動制御双極電気凝固法COA−COP”(Neurosur g.Rev.1984,pp.187〜190)と題するもので、この論文には血管壁の焼け焦げを 避けるため血管への電気外科電力供給を止める方法について記載されている。こ れは電力ゼネレータの負荷のインピーダンスが局所的最小に至った時点で電気外 科電力を止めるものであり、この方法を神経外科手術や血管直径が小さい場合の 精密手術などに応用することがこの論文には記載されている。 尚、本願と同時に“血管組織封鎖圧力制御とその方法”(名簿番号PC920 0)と題する関連した特許が出願されている。 発明の要約 本システムの重要な効果の一つとして、患者の体内にいかなる異物をも残さず に患者の大きな血管を効果的に封鎖することができるという点が挙げられる。本 システムによれば、直径10ミリという大きさの血管を封鎖することが可能であ る。また、本システムのもうひとつの効果は、外科医が封鎖の完全性を視覚的に 点検することができる、という点である。 本発明は望ましい結果を達成するために圧力と電気外科エネルギーを調節しな がら印加することとを組みあわせて作用する。よって、このシステムは患者の組 織を把持し、適当な量の圧力を患者の組織に印加するための器具を必要とする。 尚ここでいう“圧力”とは器具のエンドエフェクタによって血管あるいはその他 の組織に加えられる閉鎖力を指している。また、この器具は組織への圧力の印加 と同時に組織に対して電気外科エネルギーを導くことができるものでなければな らない。 電気外科ゼネレータは電気外科エネルギーを生成するために使用される。電気 外科エネルギーは自動制御システムを使って特定の方法で印加されることが望ま しい。制御システムは最適な血管封鎖を行うことができる様、電気外科ゼネレー タの出力電流と出力電圧とを調整する。 本発明の効果の一つは、タンパク質を融かす目的で組織に高い電流を加えるこ とにある。高い電流は組織に与えるその効果上、重要である。同様に、火花の発 生や局所的組織の加熱を減じるために、出力電圧が調節される。電圧はRMS値 で160ボルトより低くおさえることが望ましく、好ましい実施例ではRMS値 で120ボルトより低く抑えられている。 電気外科手術による血管封鎖の初期の試みが不成功に終わった理由の一部とし て、比較的低い電流が加えられたことがあげられる。本発明では組織にRMS値 で2アンペアを超える最大電流を流すことができる。このレベルの出力電流は現 在入手可能な多くの電気外科ゼネレータの設計能力よりも高いものである。 組織の焼け焦げは、適当な時点で組織への電気外科エネルギーの流れを止める ことによって防ぐことができる。この電気外科エネルギーをいつ止めるかを決定 するにはいくつかの方法がある。その一つは、電気外科ゼネレータの出力負荷の インピーダンスを監視することである。インピーダンスが或るレベル、望ましく は1000オームより高い値に達したとき、電気外科エネルギーは止められるべ きである。 もう一つの方法としては、出力電圧と出力電流とのあいだの位相角を監視する ことがあげられる。外科器具へのエネルギー供給は、望ましくは出力電流が出力 電圧より約50度より大きな角度分だけ進んだ時に止められるべきである。 電気外科エネルギーの供給を止める時点を決定する3つめの方法としては、出 力電流を監視することがあげられる。組織が乾燥するにつれ、組織を流れる電流 の量は減少する。よって、出力電流がRMS値で約200ミリアンペアよりも低 い値に下がった時点でゼネレータは外科器具へのエネルギー供給をやめればよい 。 電気外科エネルギーが実質的に止められてからも短時間は患者の血管あるいは 組織に対する圧力を維持することが望ましい。こうすることにより、組織が新た に封鎖された状態で冷却されるからである。尚、組織への圧力をゆるめるのに適 当な時期を外科医に知らせるための可聴トーン指示器がゼネレータに備わってい ることが望ましい。外科器具へのエネルギー供給を止めた後の遅延は最高5秒ま であってかまわない。 好ましい実施例では4つの主たるステップで組織封鎖システムを使用している 。まず第1ステップでは組織に圧力を加え、この圧力を維持する。第2ステップ では電気外科エネルギーで組織を急速に加熱する。第3ステップでは組織が焼け 焦げずに乾燥するよう、組織に供給されるエネルギーを弱める。そして最後の第 4ステップでは組織への電気外科エネルギー供給を止め、まだ圧力がかかってい るうちに組織が冷却されるようにする。 自動制御システムは電気外科ゼネレータの内部に設置されていることが望まし く、その機能の一つとして自動的に電気外科エネルギー供給のさまざまなレベル を遷移する機能を備えている。変形実施例において、外科器具への電力供給は不 連続な、段階的レベルの供給ではなく、そのかわりに、最初高い電流を流し、次 に低いレベルに遷移して組織を乾燥させ、組織のインピーダンスが約1000オ ームより高いレベルにまで上昇した時に電力供給を止める、というように滑らか な機能であって良い。 以下に述べるのは、本発明の様々な実施例の要旨である。電気外科エネルギー 供給システムの好ましい実施例は患者の血管やその他の組織を封鎖するために使 用される。このシステムは、ゼネレータ、外科用器具、及び組織に供給される電 気外科エネルギーのレベルを制御する手段とから構成される。 ゼネレータは制御されたレベルの高周波電気外科エネルギーを供給できること が望ましい。ゼネレータの出力はいづれも好ましい実施例で調節されている出力 電流と出力電圧とを有することを特徴としてよい。本システムのゼネレータは出 力電圧をRMS値で160ボルトより低い値に抑えることができ、この出力電圧 がRMS値で120ボルトより低く抑えられることが最も望ましい。出力電圧を 制限する理由の一つは、組織の中に局所的に高温のゾーンをもたらしたり、組織 が電極にくっついてしまう結果となるような火花やアークの発生を避けるためで ある。血管が離断されてしまうことがある、ということもアーク発生のもう一つ の欠点として挙げられる。 外科用器具は電気外科エネルギーを受け取るためにゼネレータ出力に接続され ていることが望ましい。外科用器具は、鉗子、クランプという形体をとっていて もよいし、組織を把持するための部材を有する器具であればいかなる器具でもよ い。 双極構造において、外科用器具の一つの部材は活性電極に電気的に接続され、 もう一つの部材が戻り電極に接続される。かわりに、単極構造であれば、外科用 器具をゼネレータの一方の電極だけに電気的に接続して、患者をもう一方の電極 に電気的に接続してもよい。部材が組織を把持している間に、ゼネレータからの 電気外科エネルギーは組織を通して回路に流れこむ。 好ましい実施例においては外科用器具に供給される電気外科エネルギーのレベ ルを制御するための手段が採用されている。電気外科エネルギーのレベルは、血 管やその他の組織が外科用器具の部材によって把持されながら封鎖される様に制 御される。この電気外科電力のレベルとはゼネレータのRMS出力を指すことが でき、このRMS出力は出力電圧、出力電流、周波数及びデューテー・サイクル の関数であってよい。 外科用器具には電気外科エネルギーの印加と同時に部材間の血管やその他の組 織に圧力を加えるための手段も備えることができる。この圧力を加えるための手 段は、外科用器具の部材に対して既知のスプリング力を有するラッチやインデン トの形体をとることができる。外科用器具から得られる圧力にはいくつか選択で きるレベルがあってもよい。例えば、動脈や血管組織には高いレベルの圧力を加 えることが望ましく、一方、血管には低いレベルの圧力を加えることが望ましい 、というようにすることができる。 手術中、外科医は外科用器具で血管を把持し、血管に望ましいレベルの圧力を 加えるために器具上のメカニズムを操作することができる。いったん圧力が血管 に加えられたなら、外科医は電気外科エネルギーを活性化してよい。ゼネレータ は指定された出力曲線に従って適切な量の電気外科エネルギーを加える。 ゼネレータへのフィードバック制御にはいくつかの方法がある。電力曲線にお ける遷移点は組織の状態に従って起こることとなっているので、フィードバック 制御は重要である。更に、組織に過度のエネルギーを加えてしまって組織の焼け 焦げや固着を引き起こすことは望ましくなかろう。フィードバック制御の目的で いくつかのパラメーターを監視することができる。これらのパラメーターには、 組織のインピーダンス、出力電圧と出力電流の間の位相角、組織を流れる出力電 流のレベル、組織の温度が含まれる。 ゼネレータには、患者の血管やその他の組織が外科用器具の部材で把持されて いるときに血管や組織のインピーダンスを少なくとも概算する手段が備わってい ることが望ましい。例えば、組織のインピーダンスを概算する一つのやり方とし ては、インピーダンスはほとんど抵抗性である、と仮定して出力電圧を出力電流 で割って概算する、という方法がある。長い割り算を行う必要がないように、イ ンピーダンスを概算するための他の数値的技法も利用できる。そのような概算数 値技法の一例によれば、出力電圧と出力電流とを適当に比較することにより、単 なる比較とデジタル回路におけるビットシフトのみによってインピーダンスの範 囲が見積もられる。 組織のインピーダンスは組織の乾燥状態を示すインディケーターである。イン ピーダンスを見積もる理由の一つは、血管や組織のインピーダンスが約1000 オームより高い値に上昇したときに電気外科エネルギーを実質的に止めることが できるよう、電気外科エネルギーのレベルを制御することにある。本発明のある 実施例においては、インピーダンスの見積もり値が2048オームを超えた時に 外科用器具へのエネルギー供給を止めるのが適切であるようにすることができる 。 電気外科エネルギーのレベルを制御するための好ましい手段にはいくつかの段 階が含まれている。まず第1段階は、最初のインピーダンス中断点に達するまで 血管やその他の組織への電力供給を急速に増加するための急激な電力供給機能で ある。第2段階は、血管や組織のタンパク質が融けるまで血管や組織へのコンス タントな電力供給を維持するための一定電力供給機能である。第3段階は、第2 のインピーダンス中断点に達するまで血管や組織への低い電力供給を維持するた めの低電力供給機能である。好ましい実施例においては、上記のある段階から別 の段階への遷移は外科医が更になんら入力を行うことなく、ゼネレータにおいて 自動的に成されるものである。インピーダンスの中断点は、第1の中断点が16 オーム、第2の中断点が2048オームであることが望ましい。 患者の血管やその他の組織を封鎖する方法は、患者の血管やその他の組織に圧 力を加えるステップと、血管やその他の組織に組織内のタンパク質を融かすに充 分な第1のレベルの電気外科エネルギーを加えるステップと、組織を焼き焦がさ ず乾燥させるに充分な第2のレベルの電気外科エネルギーを血管やその他の組織 に加えるステップと、血管やその他の組織が冷却されて新しい圧縮された形とな るに充分な時間、電気外科エネルギーを実質的に減少させるステップと、組織に かかっている圧力をゆるめるステップとを含む。この組織にかかっている圧力を ゆるめるステップは、5秒以内の遅延時間のあとに行うことができる。更に、こ の遅延時間の終了後、可聴指示を行うステップがあってもよい。 この方法における付加的ステップとして、血管やその他の組織のインピーダン スを概算するステップがあってもよい。尚、このステップを実行する場合には、 血管やその他の組織のインピーダンスが約1000オームより高い値に上昇した 後に第2レベルの電気外科エネルギーを止めるための更にもう一つのステップが あってもよい。 図面の簡単な説明 図1は電気外科血管封鎖システムの概略図である。 図2は組織インピーダンスの関数として組織に供給される電気外科電力を表す 電力曲線である。 発明の詳細な説明 図1には電気外科エネルギー供給システム10が示されている。システム10 は管路、血管、動脈及び血管組織を含む患者13の血管やその他の組織を封鎖す るために使われる。システム10は、電気外科ゼネレータ11、外科用器具12 、及び患者13の血管やその他の組織を効果的に封鎖するためにゼネレータ11 が外科用器具12と協力的に作動する様、ゼネレータ11の出力を制御するため の手段とから構成されている。 電気外科ゼネレータ11は制御されたレベルの電気外科出力電力を供給できる ものでなければならない。出力電力は出力電流と出力電圧とを調整することによ り制御できる。外科用器具12は電気外科電力を受け取るためにゼネレータ11 と電気的に接続されている。外科用器具12には、患者13の血管やその他の組 織を把持することのできる部材14あるいはエンドエフェクタが備えられている 。部材14は血管に比較的一定のレベルの圧力を加えたり維持することも可能で ある。 電気外科ゼネレータ11は外科用器具12に供給される電気外科電力のレベル を自動的に制御するための手段を有していなければならない。この手段は、フィ ードバック制御システムという形をとることができる。好ましい実施例では、出 力電流及び出力電圧を制限するための回路も採用される。また、ある実施例では 電気外科出力を制御するためのRF出力段の調節に可調節高圧電源が用いられる 。 ゼネレータ11の電力出力は電力出力曲線で示され、好ましい実施例は図2に 示されている通りである。電力曲線は数段階で示すことができる。この段階は不 連続な離散的段階でもよいし、あるいは滑らかな連続関数によって概算すること もできる。電力曲線の第1段階では、ゼネレータ11が約16オームよりも低い インピーダンスにおいてさえ出力電力を供給し、組織中のタンパク質が実質的に 融けるまで高電力レベルを保持している。この第1段階の間、典型的にRMS値 で2アンペアよりも大きい最大振幅まで出力電流を上げることができる。高い電 流が効果的な血管封鎖にとって重要であることは既に判明している。 第1段階のあと、電気外科電力は血管やその他の組織を乾燥させるに充分なレ ベルにまで下げられる。電力を低くすることにより、組織を焼き焦がさずに乾燥 させることが可能となる。 最後の段階では組織を冷却させて新しい封鎖された形体とする。この最終段階 の間に組織への電気外科電力の印加は実質的に止められる。組織が冷却したあと 、閉鎖力はゆるめられる。冷却時間は典型的には5秒以内である。好ましい実施 例では可聴トーンが封鎖プロセスの完了を外科医に知らせる。完了を知った外科 医は外科用器具12から血管を開放させる。 組織中のタンパク質を融かすのは最初の高電流であると考えられる。その後組 織に低い電力を供給することによりタンパク質は交差結合する。組織が冷却する につれ、新しく交差結合した組織は血管の永久的な封鎖状態を形成する。 外科用器具12には部材14間に複数レベルの閉鎖力を選択的に加えるための インデックスが含まれていてもよい。例えば、動脈の場合には普通の血管より大 きな閉鎖力を必要とする。動脈を封鎖するには1500グラムより大きな閉鎖力 が効果的であることがわかっている。一方、血管の封鎖には500グラムより小 さな閉鎖力が効果的である。 好ましい実施例では、縮むことによって部材14に閉鎖力をかけるバネが外科 用器具12に設置されよう。上記インデックスは、インデックス上に設けられた 逐次止めが連続的に高い圧縮力をバネに加える仕掛けとなるように機械的にバネ と連結される。尚このバネは部材14が閉鎖に対する抵抗力にあうまでは縮み始 めないものとする。 好ましい実施例では、患者13の血管やその他の組織が外科用器具12の部材 14によって把持されているときに血管やその他の組織のインピーダンスを概算 するための手段もゼネレータ11に含まれる。インピーダンスの計算には長い割 り算とその他の長い数学的処理が必要となり得る。電気外科ゼネレータ11の電 力出力を制御する目的を果たすに充分な、迅速なインピーダンスの概算方法とし ては様々なものがある。例えば、出力電圧と出力電流を比べることにより長い割 り算を行うことなくインピーダンスの見積もり値を求めることができる。 組織のインピーダンスからは組織の乾燥状態の指標が得られる。インピーダン スを監視することにより、ゼネレータ11は組織を焼き焦がすことなく適当な量 の電気エネルギーを提供することができる。例えば、電力制御回路には、血管や その他の組織のインピーダンスが約1000オームより高くなった場合に外科用 器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための電力遮断機能が備えられている。 図2に示されている電力制御曲線は組織インピーダンスの関数としてのゼネレ ータ11の電気外科出力を表している。Aと記した部分に示されるように、低い インピーダンスでは出力電流を急速に増すことにより電気外科電力が増加される 。最初のインピーダンス中断点に達したあと、電気外科電力の増加は止められる 。図2では、最初のインピーダンスの中断点を点として記している。好ましい 実施例ではこの点は典型的には20オームより低いものである。 次に、血管やその他の組織のタンパク質が融けるまで電気外科電力は略一定に 保たれる。この一定部分が終わるインピーダンスはRMS電力の大きさによって 異なる。よって、最大RMS電力が約125ワットの場合、この一定部分は約1 28オームで終わろう。これは図2にBと記した部分で示されている。一方、7 5ワットのようにこれより低い電力が使われる場合、この一定部分は256オー ムで終わろう。これは図2のCと記した部分に示されている。 次に、出力電力は最大値の半分以下にまで低下される。第2のインピーダンス 中断点に達したときに、低い電力供給は止められる。好ましい実施例では第2の 中断点は約2048オームである。 第2の中断点を決定するためにインピーダンスを利用する代わりに、電流と電 圧の間の位相角を用いてもよい。この変形例では、約50度より大きな角度の分 だけ出力電流が出力電圧よりも進んだ場合、外科用器具12への電力供給を実質 的に止めるための手段がゼネレータ11に備えられている。 更に別の変形例では、出力電流がRMS値で約200ミリアンペアよりも低い 値にまで下がった時に、ゼネレータ11は外科用器具12への電力供給を止める であろう。 ゼネレータ11の出力電圧は常にRMS値で160ボルトより低くおさえてお くことが望ましい。出力電圧を低く維持するのは、組織の封鎖の失敗に至るよう なアーク発生や、アークによる局所的組織熱傷部位の発生を防ぐためである。 患者13の血管やその他の組織を封鎖する方法は以下のステップから成る。ま ず、血管やその他の組織の内部流路を実質的に閉鎖するに足る充分な閉鎖力を患 者13の血管やその他の組織に加える。第二に、血管やその他の組織に第1レベ ルの電気外科電力を加えるが、ここではピーク出力電流は2アンペアより大きく 、ピーク出力電圧がRMS値で160ボルトより小さい。第3に、第1レベルの 半分よりも小さな第2レベルにまで電気外科電力を落とす。第4に、患者13の 血管やその他の組織を焼き焦がさず乾燥させるに充分な時間だけ、第2レベルの 電気外科電力を血管及びその他の組織に供給する。第5に、血管やその他の組織 が冷却されて新しい圧縮された形となるに充分な時間だけ、電気外科電力を実質 的に下げる。第6に、組織にかかっている閉鎖力をゆるめる。 電気外科電力を下げる第5ステップは、外科用器具12への電力を止めるか、 あるいは外科用器具12への電力を非常に低いレベルにまで下げることによって 成し遂げられる。ある実施例では、組織13ができる限り短時間で冷却されるよ う、電気エネルギーを完全に止めることもあろう。また、それに代わる実施例で は、組織が冷却されて圧縮された形となるまで組織13との閉回路を維持するた めにゼネレータ11が約1ワットの電力を出力し続けることもあろう。 好ましい実施例では、血管とその他の組織を封鎖する方法に、周期的に血管や その他の組織のインピーダンスを概算する、というもう一つのステップを加える ことができよう。このステップにより、ゼネレータ11の制御システムは組織の インピーダンスに従って出力電力を調節することができるようになる。例えば、 第2レベルの電気外科電力を加えるステップは、血管やその他の組織のインピー ダンスが約1000オームより高くなった後に止められるであろう。 また上記の代わりとして、出力電流が約50度より大きな角度分だけ出力電圧 より進んだときに、外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めることもできる 。更にこの代わりであれば、出力電流がRMS値で約200ミリアンペアより低 くなった時点で外科用器具12への電力供給を止める。 好ましい実施例では、更に出力電圧をRMS値で約160ボルトより低い値に 抑えるステップ、及び血管やその他の組織にかかっている閉鎖力を除去すべき時 期を可聴的に指示するステップとが加えられる。この可聴指示は電気外科電力の レベルを実質的に下げた後、及び5秒以内の遅延時間の後に行われる。 上記は本発明の原則の応用を記したものに過ぎず、よって当該技術分野に従事 する者であれば本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく多数の変形例や代わ りの組み合わせを考察できるものと考えられる。添付の請求項はそのような変形 例や代わりの組み合わせを網羅することを意図している。
【手続補正書】 【提出日】1998年1月30日 【補正内容】 [特許請求の範囲] 『1. 患者13の血管やその他の組織を封鎖するための電気外科エネルギー供 給システム10であって、 出力電圧と出力電流とを生成することにより制御されたレベルの電気外科電力 を供給することのできるゼネレータ11と、 電気外科電力を受け取るためにゼネレータ11に電気的に接続されており、患 者13の血管やその他の組織を把持し、電気外科電力をこの血管やその他の組織 に送るように配置された導電部材14と、この導電部材14間に既知の閉鎖力を 維持するための手段とを有する外科用器具12と、 外科用器具12に供給される電気外科電力のレベルを自動的にシーケンスする ためにゼネレータ11内に設けられた電力制御回路と、 から構成され、 上記シークエンスには、外科用器具12が閉鎖力を加えている間に出力電流を RMS値で約2アンペアより大きな最大振幅にまで上げ、そのあと血管やその他 の組織を焼き焦がさずに乾燥させるに充分なレベルにまで上記電気外科電力を下 げ、更にこのあと外科用器具12への電気外科エネルギーの伝送を止めることが 含まれることを特徴とする、電気エネルギー供給システム。 2. 外科用器具12における上記閉鎖力を維持するための手段が更に導電部 材14間に複数レベルの閉鎖力を選択的に加える手段を含むことを特徴とする、 請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 3. ゼネレータ11が、患者13の血管やその他の組織が外科用器具12の 部材14によって把持されている際にこの血管やその他の組織のインピーダンス を概算するための手段を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネル ギー供給システム10。 4. 上記電力制御回路が、血管やその他の組織のインピーダンスが約100 0オームより高い値に上昇したときに外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止 める電力遮断機能を含むことを特徴とする、請求項3記載の電気エネルギー供給 システム10。 5. 上記電力制御回路が、 第1のインピーダンス中断点に至るまで血管やその他の組織への出力電流供給 を急速に増やすための出力電流供給能力と、 血管やその他の組織のタンパク質が融けるまで血管やその他の組織へのコンス タントな電力供給を維持するための一定電力供給能力と、 第2のインピーダンス中断点に至るまで血管やその他の組織への低い電力供給 を維持するための低電力供給能力と、 を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項3記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10 。 6. 上記第1のインピーダンス中断点が約16オームに在り、一方上記第2 のインピーダンス中断点は約2048オームに在ることを特徴とする、請求項5 記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 7. ゼネレータ11が、約50度より大きい角度分だけ出力電流が出力電圧 より進んでいる時に外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段を 含み、あるいは ゼネレータ11が、出力電圧のレベルをRMS値で約160ボルトより低く抑 えるための出力電圧制限手段を有する ことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 8. ゼネレータ11が、出力電流がRMS値で約200ミリアンペアよりも 低い値に下がった際に外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段 を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 9. ゼネレータ11が、 外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段と、 実質的に外科用器具12への電力供給をとめた後、組織にかかっている閉鎖力 をゆるめるよう外科医に告げるための指示器と、 を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。』
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ライアン,トーマス・パトリック アメリカ合衆国コロラド州80525,フォー ト・コリンズ,パークビュー・ドライブ 729 【要約の続き】 だけ十分に第2レベルの電気外科電力を血管やその他の 組織に加えるステップと、血管やその他の組織が冷却さ れ新しい圧縮された形質となるよう十分な時間、電気外 科電力をゼロになるまで低下させるステップと、組織に かかっている圧力をゆるめるステップとを含む。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 患者13の血管やその他の組織を封鎖するための電気外科エネルギー供 給システム10であって、 出力電圧と出力電流とを生成することにより制御されたレベルの電気外科電力 を供給することのできるゼネレータ11と、 電気外科電力を受け取るためにゼネレータ11に電気的に接続されており、患 者13の血管やその他の組織を把持し、電気外科電力をこの血管やその他の組織 に送るように配置された導電部材14と、この導電部材14間に既知の閉鎖力を 維持するための手段とを有する外科用器具12と、 外科用器具12に供給される電気外科電力のレベルを自動的にシーケンスする ためにゼネレータ11内に設けられた電力制御回路と、 から構成され、 上記シークエンスには、外科用器具12が閉鎖力を加えている間に出力電流を RMS値で約2アンペアより大きな最大振幅にまで上げ、そのあと血管やその他 の組織を焼き焦がさずに乾燥させるに充分なレベルにまで上記電気外科電力を下 げ、更にこのあと外科用器具12への電気外科エネルギーの伝送を止めることが 含まれることを特徴とする、電気エネルギー供給システム。 2. 外科用器具12における上記閉鎖力を維持するための手段が更に導電部 材14間に複数レベルの閉鎖力を選択的に加える手段を含むことを特徴とする、 請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 3. ゼネレータ11が、患者13の血管やその他の組織が外科用器具12の 部材14によって把持されている際にこの血管やその他の組織のインピーダンス を概算するための手段を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネル ギー供給システム10。 4. 上記電力制御回路が、血管やその他の組織のインピーダンスが約100 0オームより高い値に上昇したときに外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止 める電力遮断機能を含むことを特徴とする、請求項3記載の電気エネルギー供給 システム10。 5. 上記電力制御回路が、 第1のインピーダンス中断点に至るまで血管やその他の組織への出力電流供給 を急速に増やすための出力電流供給能力と、 血管やその他の組織のタンパク質が融けるまで血管やその他の組織へのコンス タントな電力供給を維持するための一定電力供給能力と、 第2のインピーダンス中断点に至るまで血管やその他の組織への低い電力供給 を維持するための低電力供給能力と、 を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項3記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10 。 6. 上記第1のインピーダンス中断点が約16オームに在り、一方上記第2 のインピーダンス中断点は約2048オームに在ることを特徴とする、請求項5 記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 7. ゼネレータ11が、約50度より大きい角度分だけ出力電流が出力電圧 より進んでいる時に外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段を 含み、あるいは ゼネレータ11が、出力電圧のレベルをRMS値で約160ボルトより低く抑 えるための出力電圧制限手段を有する ことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 8. ゼネレータ11が、出力電流がRMS値で約200ミリアンペアよりも 低い値に下がった際に外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段 を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 9. ゼネレータ11が、 外科用器具12への電力供給を実質的に止めるための手段と、 実質的に外科用器具12への電力供給をとめた後、組織にかかっている閉鎖力 をゆるめるよう外科医に告げるための指示器と、 を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の電気エネルギー供給システム10。 10. 外科用器具12のエンドエフェクタを通して加えられる出力電圧と出 力電流とを有する電気外科電力を用いた電気外科エネルギー供給システムを操作 する方法であって、 実質的に閉鎖されるように上記エンドエフェクタを充てるステップと、 上記エンドエフェクタ間でタンパク質を融かすに足る最高値に出力電流が達す るまで、上記エンドエフェクタに供給される電気外科電力のレベルを増加するス テップと、 上記エンドエフェクタへの電気外科電力供給を減らすステップと、 上記エンドエフェクタを冷却するに足る充分な時間、実質的にゼロになるまで 電気外科電力を減少するステップと、 上記エンドエフェクタにかかっている閉鎖力をゆるめるステップと、 を含む電気外科エネルギー供給システムを操作する方法。
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ES2174078T3 (es) 2002-11-01
AU723001B2 (en) 2000-08-17
CA2228890A1 (en) 1997-03-27
EP0862386A1 (en) 1998-09-09
CA2228890C (en) 2001-09-11
DE69621636D1 (de) 2002-07-11
US5827271A (en) 1998-10-27
EP0862386B1 (en) 2002-06-05
MX9801151A (es) 1998-05-31
AU6237896A (en) 1997-04-09
ATE218304T1 (de) 2002-06-15
WO1997010763A1 (en) 1997-03-27
DE69621636T2 (de) 2002-12-05

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