JPH06502328A - 手術の器具及び方法 - Google Patents

手術の器具及び方法

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JPH06502328A
JPH06502328A JP3518518A JP51851891A JPH06502328A JP H06502328 A JPH06502328 A JP H06502328A JP 3518518 A JP3518518 A JP 3518518A JP 51851891 A JP51851891 A JP 51851891A JP H06502328 A JPH06502328 A JP H06502328A
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tissue
surgical instrument
cutting
surgical
clamping
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アーベル ジョン イー
ダニエルズ ダグラス ジェイ
ロビンソン ドナルド イー
ディストル スティーブン アール
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ボストン サイエンティフィック コーポレイション
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1482Probes or electrodes therefor having a long rigid shaft for accessing the inner body transcutaneously in minimal invasive surgery, e.g. laparoscopy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1402Probes for open surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00184Moving parts
    • A61B2018/00196Moving parts reciprocating lengthwise
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00345Vascular system
    • A61B2018/00404Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
    • A61B2018/00422Angioplasty
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00666Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 手術の器具及び方法 発明の背景 本発明は、内視鏡によって案内された方法、特に腹腔鏡による手術に有効に使用 される手術用器具に関する。
腹腔鏡による手術は、腹壁を通した適当な用具の経皮的な挿入によって腹膜腔を 経由して実施される。腹腔鏡を通して手術部位を見ながら用具を操作することに より、例えば胆嚢、腎臓、肝臓、大腸に対して手術か行われる。
一般に内視鏡手術、特に腹腔鏡手術は、大きな切開及び不快、長期かつ高価な入 院、切開による何もできない期間の延長を回避できるため、開口手術に比べてか なりの利点があると認められている。内視鏡による方法は、代わりに小さな少数 の体の貫通穴を用いる。それは、患者の不快を少なくし、入院の期間、費用及び 患者が何もできない期間を減らす。
腹腔鏡による現在の方法は、腹膜腔に膨張用具によっ−て二酸化炭素ガスを注入 すること及び膨張圧力を維持することを要求する。ガスは腹部を広げることによ り腹膜腔を膨張させ、選択された手術部位に用具を動かすための空間を与える。
外科医は、手術を行うために種々の用具をmいるっ例えば、胆嚢をその血液供給 部及び導管から分離し次に腹部の貫通孔の1つを通して体から除去する用具には 、J形をした組織引き抜きフック、電気的手術及びレーザーによる切開及び焼灼 のための種々の形をした開側器、鉗子、端部か丸い解剖器、吸引用具、種々の用 具を挿入するための中空のトロカールが含まれる。動脈なとの血液流を止める目 的のため、動脈に封止クリップを供給する用具か使用されてきた。例えばU、  S、サージカルインク製のエンドクリップであり、それは典型的には、動脈を露 出した箇所に引っ張るJ形をした開創器なとの他の用具の後ろに続いてトロカー ルの1つを通して挿入される。各用具のトロカールを通した除去及び導入に伴い 二酸化炭素は腹膜から逃げる。そして、適正な膨張を維持するために通常は手動 方法による供給によって補充する必要がある。さらに、腹腔鏡用又は他の種の手 術のための電気的手術用及び他の焼灼用具は、発生する熱のためにしばしば組織 にくっつく。冷却の1つの方法は、用具の水冷を伴う。
要求される用具の数及びそれらの繰り返される挿入及び除去は、処置に要する時 間とその費用を増大させる。より多くの処置をより低い費用で行うことを可能に すること及び医者の疲労を減じることのため、処置に要する時間の短縮が強く要 望され本発明によれば、5字状−鉤を備えた腹部手術用器具又は同様の手術用器 具を改変することによって、内視鏡による手術において、手術手順中、効率につ いて大きな効果を発揮し、重要な機能を遂行でき、かつ幾つかの例では、改善さ れた結果を得ることが出来る。
本発明の一つの態様では、腹部の手術に有用な手術用器具は、基端部と末端部と の間に延在する絶縁されたシャフトを備え、基端部は、制御手段と電気的手術用 の無線周波数電源への接続手段を有し、末端部は5字状−鉤形状をなし、5字状 −鉤は、その底部の基端側に組織係合肩部を存し、絶縁されたシャフトは、制御 手段に応答して肩部に向は手術用器具の端で軸方向に動くことのできる組織係合 クランプ部材又は切断部材を支持し、それによって、電源からの適当な無線周波 数電流か組織に通電されている間、5字状−鉤のポケットに係止された動脈のよ うな組織又は他の組織は、クランプ又は切断のために対向する面に係合される。
好適実施例は、次の特徴の少なくとも一つを有する。
手術用器具は、少なくとも1個のクランプ部材及び少なくとも1個の切断部材を 有し、部材は、制御手段の動作により、クランプ部材は、切断部材の前に5字状 −鉤の肩部に係合し、それによって、電気的手術用の電源の選択的作動で、クラ ンプ部材が5字状−鉤の内側の肩部に対して動脈又は他の組織をクランプしてい る間、凝析流を通電でき、それによって動脈を封止し、又は出血を止めるために 組織を凝固させるように、構成され、切断部材及び肩部との相互作用により、動 脈又は組織を切断するために制御手段が別の動作を行うように構成されている。
手術用器具は、2個のクランプ部材を備え、それぞれ各1個が切断部材の各側に 設けである。
手術用器具は、選択手段を備え、選択手段は、制御手段の作動中、部材の1個の 選択的運動を防止する間に、部材の少なくとも1個の運動を可能とする。
手術用器具は、5字状−鉤と可動手段との間に2極式の電気的手術用の電流を通 電するように構成されている。
手術用器具は、患者と関連付けられた接地パッドに電流を流すように、5字状− 鉤及び可動部材に1極式電気的手術用の電流を通電するように構成されている。
J一部材の比較的長い脚部は、複数の入口を有する中空チューブを備え、中空チ ューブは、シャフトの内腔を介して流体接続口に連通して、入口を介して手術場 所から流体を注入又は吸入する。好適には、流体接続口は、注入手段と吸気手段 の双方が人口と内枠を介して注入と吸気を可能にする接続に適当なY−接続を有 する。
手術用器具の5字状−鉤の末端に配置された端面は、鈍い鮮剖のための切断端部 を形成する。
シャフトの通路は、丸い形状であり、クランプ部材は、相互に平行でかつ離隔し た平面状の長手方向内面を有し、更に切断部材は比較的長手方向の動きを許容す る態様でその間に配置され、クランプ部材の外側長手方向面は案内された動きの ために通路の対応する曲面壁に合致した輪郭である。好適には、通路は、tR断 面で見て長円形であって、クランプ部材は長円の長い側に沿って延びている。
手術用器具の制御手段は、封止クランプ部材と切断部材とに関連した作動環に軸 方向の動きを作用するように構成された単一の作動自在な部材を備え、更に作動 自在な部材の別の動作が組織を切断部材に切断させる間、封止クランプ部材が動 脈又は組織に対するクランプ作用で停止している間、圧縮するように形成され、 かつ封止クランプ部材の作動環と関連した圧縮バネを備えている。好適には、手 段は、組織が切断前にクランプされる圧力又はクランプ部材と切断部材の端部の 間のオフセットの距離の調節を可能とするバネの予備荷重を調節自在に変えるよ うに構成されている。
また、クランプ、把持又は切断の手術用器具の組織係合面上のダイアモンドフィ ルム又は層は、組織と手術用器具との間の熱伝達を改善する。これは、組織に手 術用器具を突き刺す程度を軽減する。この特徴は、腹部手術用器具及び他の形式 の手術用器具の双方に適用できる。
好適な実施態様の記述 図1は本発明に係る好適な多目的の腹腔鏡手術用器具の側面図である。
図2は同用具の末端部の拡大縦断面図である。
図3は同用具の末端部の拡大平面図である。
図4は図1の4−4線に沿った拡大断面図である。
図5a、5b及び5Cは手術部位におけるIglの器具の操作を示す一連の図で ある。
図6は同器具の操作機構を示す一部断面拡大側面図、図6aは操作機構の一部断 面上部平面図である。
図7は腹腔鏡手術を受けている患者を描いた図である。
構造及び操作 図1及び6に示すように、多目的腹腔鏡手術用器具10の主体は、基端部にコン トロール#14、末端部に5字状−鉤構造16を有する堅い絶縁されたシャフト 12を備えている。本器具は、最も好ましくは、殺菌されたステンレス渭によっ て形成され、シャフトはおおよそ長さしが32cm、直径りが4.8mmであり 、トロカールを通した体内の手術部位への挿入用に構成される。絶縁はデュポン のテフロン(商標名)等によるフルオロカーボンコーティングによって与えられ る。
コントロール部14は、固定されたハンドル部34及び可動引き金部36を有す る。また、シャフト12は、基端部において、Y−コネクタ20か延出する単一 管の吸引/注入管18を有する。Y−コネクタ20の一方の分岐部は吸引用注射 器26に接続する吸引管に連結されている。Y−コネクタ20の他方の分岐部は 注入用注射器28に接続する注入管に連結されている。器具のこの部分は、シャ フト12を通って器具の末端部に延びる管腔50を通した選択的な吸引及び注入 を提供する。さらに、電気コネクタ30がシャフト12からフットスイッチなと の制純装置か設けられた電気的手術用高周波電源31に延びて接続されている。
末端部においては、3字状−鉤構造16か、例えば2mmの直径D1、例えば6 mmのシャツH2の末端部からの延出長さLlを有する中空の管状脚40及び脚 42の末端部に結合されたクロス部材42によって形成されている。図2に示す ように、クロス部材42は、基端側(Jの内面)に水平棚部62を有し、末端側 にのこぎり歯状切断刃64を有する。のこぎり歯状刃64は、図3の平面図に見 られるように、器具の末端の縦方向の動きによる組織のブラントジセクションに 適するように先か尖って切断刃状になっている。3字状−鉤16の中空脚40に は、管腔50と連通ずる多数の吸引/注大穴38が形成されている。3字状−鉤 16は、クロス部材42の自由端上に折り返し突起44を有している。折り返し 突起44は、図2に示すように、引っかける目的のために基部を向いている。ク ロス部材42及びフック44の図2の面に対して垂直な方向における厚さは、脚 40の直径と一致して2mmである。
堅い絶縁されたシャフト12は、金属脚40を通してクロス部材42に電気的手 術力を伝える。吸引/注入管腔50と平行に、断面楕円形の縦通路52がシャフ ト12を貫いて延びている。この通路は、2本のソール用りランプ捧54及び電 気的手術用切断ナイフ56を収容している。シール用/切断用捧の末端は平らに なっているとともに、クロス部材42によって与えられる対応したアンビルの表 面に対して押しつけられるように構成されている。各シール用クランプ54の縦 方向外側は、対応する楕円形通路52の内面に一致するように三日月形に形成さ れ、−芳容クランプの縦方向内側は、平らで平行で離間している。切断ナイフ5 6は、両クランプ54間の空間部に置かれている。図4の断面図に示したように 、ナイフは楕円形通路52の全寸法に広がっている。ナイフ駆動シャフト72は 、ナイフ56からコントロール部にかけて基端方向に延び、ナイフに軸方向の動 きを伝えるようになっている。1つの実施態様では、シール用クランプ54の露 出したアンビル表面及び端面並びにナイフ56は、好ましい実施態様においては 熱伝達の目的でダイヤモンドフィルムを有している。このようなフィルムは、例 えばジェネラルエレクトリックスーパーアブレイシブインクが行っているような 真空メッキ法によって製造される。例えば、参照として挙げるフィッシャー”サ イエンスニュースフロント”ポピユラーサイエンス、25〜26頁(1990, 10月)、及びアンドニー、パンホルザー及びフレイシャーの発表及びこの主題 についての特許を見よ。
第1の好ましい実施態様では、シャフト72に回転可能に連結された可動引き金 部36上のピボット66の上方にビン76か配置される。ナイフ刃56は、これ によりシャフト72によって軸方向に駆動される。さらに2つのシール用クラン プ54のための駆動シャフト70(図6a)がシャフト72によって直接駆動さ れる。屈折可能な圧縮バネ74がバネ保持スリーブに保持され、それはシャフト 72に固定されかつシャフト70の基端部を保持している。これにより圧縮バネ は各クランプのための駆動リンク装置中に置かれ、そしてシール用クランプが水 平棚部のそれぞれのアンヒル表面又はアンビルとシール用クランプとの間に露出 した動脈、静脈、管又は組織に突き当たったときに、引き金36は、シール用ク ランプのさらなる実??的な動作を要することなく、さらに駆動して体の部分に 増大した圧力を供給することかできる。
ソール用クランプのそれぞれの駆動シャフトは、引き金36かその戻しバネ37 の作用によって離れた位置にあるときに、クランプか完全に中空シャフトI2に 引き込まれるとともに、3字状−鉤の内側の水平棚部とシャフト12の端部との 間に形成される組織収容ポケットPが完全に開いて、引き込まれあるいは別の方 法で器具に作用された動脈、静脈、管又は組織を収容するような大きさに形成さ れる。ナイフ刃の駆動シャフト72は、駆動時に刃が組織に接触する前にシール 用クランプか組織を十分にクランプできるように、刃を中空シャフト12中の基 部方向に位置させる長さに形成される。これは、選択的なりランピング及び次の 解放、又はもし望むならクランピング及び切断なしに凝固電流を供給することに よるシーリングを許容し、あるいはシール用クランプによる動脈、静脈又は管の 望ましいシーリング動作が生じたことが観察された後に引き金の握りを増大させ ることによって切断か行われる。
(園芸にt′f!通している人は、刃か切断のために技にかみ合う前に技を安全 にクランプするクランプ用具と切断用具とを一体化した公知のバラのやぶの切断 器具の動作に対する上記動作の類似性を理解するであろう。) ピボット78を有し停止ピン80に係合するように配置された安全掛は金部材3 5が引き金36に結合している。部材35は、セットしたときにクランプのため に要求される引き金36の動作を制限し、解放したときにクランプ及び切断の成 功を可能にするための十分な移動を許容する(図6を見よ)。
好適な二極の電気的手術操作のため、クロス部材の組織係合面は好ましくはrf 電気的手術電源の陽極端に結合され、シーリング/クランピング捧及びナイフは 陰極とされる。このような実施態様のため、楕円通路52の内側は絶縁され、あ るいは器具のそれぞれの部分を電気的に隔離するために他の手段か使用され、連 結端30が二極電力を与えるように構成される。本実施態様では、切断時にナイ フにおける切断の原因となるナイフの領域凝縮効果を使用するように電流を選択 することが考慮され、一方クランプ部材における電流は切断の原因となるには不 十分な低い電流密度である。この形式では、器具は、患者に結合した従来の設置 パッドを使用することにより、クランプ及び切断部材が引き込まれたときに、従 来の方法によって単極操作のために使用することができる。他方の好ましい二極 構造では、クランプ部材54及びナイフ56は陽極でクロス部材42は接地され る。もし望むなら、次にクランプ部材及びその駆動装置はナイフ部材及びその駆 動装置から電気的に隔離され、望むときに明瞭に異なる電流(例えばそれぞれ凝 固及び切断電流)をクランプ部材及びナイフに供給することを可能にする。
図5は器具の末端部の操作を示す。図2の5−5線に沿った断面図によれば、シ ール用クランプ及び刃をより完全に示すことができるようには、J−フック16 の折り返し突起44は示されていない。
図5aに示すように、血管84は、3字状−鉤用具の新しい末端のこぎり歯状刃 を用いたプラントジセクション又は他の技術によって周囲の組織から分離された 後、3字状−鉤16のボケラトPの中に引き込まれる。組織の引っかけにおいて 、器具は5字状−鉤に対して通常の方法で使用される。血管84は、2つのシー ル用クランプ54及び切断ナイフ56に対して垂直にかつ先が鈍い水平棚部62 又は5字状−鉤16のクロス部材42のアンビルに交差するように置かれる。
図5bに示すように、引き金を部分的に引っ張ることによって、クランプ54は 肩部62の金床面に移動し、容器を2個の場所てクランプする。若し、手術手順 中、容器を一時的に保持したければ、続いて制置引き金を解放し、容器を傷つけ ないで解放できる。若し、容器を封止したければ、電気的手術用動力は、クラン プが血液容器を把持する時、凝固rf電流レベルで通電される。結果として、血 液かもはや容器を介して流れないように、血液容器64は、組織を介して流れる 2極無線周波数電流によってクランプの位置で焼灼され、封止される。
図50に示すように、安全装置35を解放した後、引き金36の別の引っ張りは 、封止された領域の間で血液容器84を通して切断ナイフ56か動くようし、血 液容器84を所望のように扱う。本実施例の好適態様では、ナイフェツジ切断又 は薄切りを使用することができる間、切断品質の電気的手術用電流(又は切断及 び凝固電流の混合)が、ナイフの先導部とクロス部材42の肩部62の対向した 部分の間に通電される。
本実施例では、組織保合面(即ち、クロス部材42の金床面と、クランプ54及 びナイフ56の末端部)は、ダイアモンドフィルムで被覆されており、これらの 面と血液容器84の間の熱伝達は、血液容器84のそれらの面への突き刺しを軽 減することにより軽減される。
図6を参照して、図5のステップのための内部機構の操作を説明する。外科医は 、割部装置32の可動引き金36を引っ張って、固定されたハンドル34に向か って近づける。可動引き金36は、回動点66で固定部分34に付属しているか 、可動部分36の小さな上部延長部68は回動点66を越えて伸び、上述のよう に、ピン76とスロット配置を有する。外科医か可動部分36を近づけるように 引っ張ると、ビン76を有する上部部分68は、端に動き、作動シャフトの基端 部とそれと共にシャフト70を動かす。外側シャフト70の末端での動きは、ク ランプ54か末端で動くようにし、一方向側シャフト72の末端での動きは、切 断ナイフ56をして末端で動かす。各クランプ54のための作動シャフトと関連 した圧縮バネ74は、組立体と共に動く。クランプ54は、血液容器64と係合 し、金床に対して血液容器をクランプしているためにもはや端で動くことかでき ず、クランプ54に付属したバネ74の圧縮は、切断ナイフ56の継続した動き を許容する。引き金戻しバネ37は、引き金か解放されると、クランプとナイフ を端に戻すのを確実にする。図6に示す安全装置35等の選択機構は、可動切断 ナイフ56をロックするように外科医が調節することにより、引き金の行程の距 離が限定され、引き金が引っ張られて、唯一のクランプが生じる。本実施例では 、引き金36は、ラッチ35か停止ビン80と接触するまで、前進する。ラッチ 35を抑えると、回動ピン78に対向するラッチ端部(即ち、停止ビン80に接 触する端部)を上昇させる。ラッチのそのような解放は、引き金36がストロー クを継続するのを許容する。
別の実施例では、バネを受容し、クランプを支持するスリーブ75は、切断刃の ための作動環72にネジ込まれている。ネジにスリーブを回転させることにより 、封止クランプ部材の末端部の位置は、切断刃に対して変わる。これを使用して 、引き金の起動動作に対して、切断に対するクランプ動作の関係を変え、切断の 前に加えられるクランプ圧力を変えることかできる。
上述のように、クランプ及び切断m能に加えて、手術用器具の5字状−鉤I6を 単純な引っかけに使用してもよく、そのセレーテッドされた縁部64は鈍い解剖 に使用することを許容する。更に、入口38と内腔50は、付属した吸入口と潅 水注射器26と28と共に、5字状−鉤16の中空チューブ脚部40の複数の吸 入/潅水人口38を介して手術領域に制置された交互の吸入と潅水を許容する。
手術中、例えば動脈を係合した後、封止及び切断の前に、領域の血液を吸入し、 洗浄のための生理食塩水を導入し、電気的手術に先立って領域を清浄にするため に別の吸入を行うこともてきる。同様に、動脈を切断した後、吸入と注入のシー ケンスのために手術用器具を使用することもてきる。この吸入と潅水の特徴は、 更に手術中に必要とされる多数の器具交換を減少させ、手順中の中断の必要性と インフレーションガス損失を軽減する。
手術用器具の使用を更に理解するために、図7を参照する。
患者の晴の上部を介して腹膜キャビティに10mmのトロカールを腹部90に導 入し、肝臓に向ける。腹膜キャビティは2酸化炭素ガスでインフレートされてい る。5mmトロカールを刃先基端部近くに挿入し、tl[子92を導入して基端 部を把持する。5m+nトロカールを巾VI鎖骨領域に挿入し、それを通して本 実施例の手術用器具IOを導入する。10mmトロカールを腹部の下部右側4半 部に挿入し、把持器具94をこのトロカールを通して挿入する。次いて、外科医 は、患者を手術する。
他の実施例 もう一つ別の好適実施例では、選択機構か手術用器具に組み込まれていて、選択 機構の作用素子の1個又は多数の作用素子の選択は、制卯装置を起動させる。特 定の選択機構とその設定によって、外科医は可動切断刃をロックすることが可能 で、唯一のクランプがハンドルを絞り、または外科医が動かす切断刃のみを選択 し、又は1個又は他のクランプを動かすのを選択できる。別の好適な実施例では 、複数の引き金をそれぞれの素子に設け、それに適当な安全ラッチを備えている 。他の好適な実施例では、切断刃と共に及び切断刃とは別に、唯一のクランプが 設けである。また、更に別の好適な実施例では、切断刃か唯1側設けである。
本発明の他の実施例は、凝固、切断及び吸入/潅水機能を様々に組み合わせたも のを含む。これらの実施例では、手術用器具は、ナイフを有し、クランプを備え ないことかできる。或いは、手術用器具は、ナイフ又はクランプのいずれかを有 することなく、及び吸入/71!水を備えて、又は備えずに、鈍い解剖のための セレーテッド縁部を有す5字状−鉤を備えことができる。
1個のクランプだけを設けることもでき、1個のクランプを切断ナイフの1個の 側に位置させることもできる。種々の可動素子と安全手段のための複数の引き金 を設けることもできる。5字状−鉤以外の均等なものを使用して上述の機能を遂 行させることもできる。
特表十6−502328 (7) FIG、 2 補正音の写しく!tl訳文)提出書(特許法第184条の7第1項)平成5年4 月19日

Claims (28)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1.基端部と末端部との間に延在する絶縁されたシャフトを備えた、腹部の手術 に有用な手術用器具であって、前記基端部は、制御手段と電気的手術用の無線周 波数電源への接続手段を有し、 前記末端部はJ字状−鉤の形状をなし、J字状−鉤は、その底部の基端側に組織 係合肩部を有し、前記絶縁されたシャフトは、前記制御手段に応答して前記肩部 に向け手術用器具の端で軸方向に動くことのできる組織係合クランプ部材又は切 断部材を支持し、それによって、前記電源からの適当な無線周波数電流が前記組 織に通電されている間、前記J字状−鉤のポケットに係止された動脈のような組 織又は他の組織は、クランプ又は切断のために対向する面に係合される、手術用 器具。
  2. 2.少なくとも1個のクランプ部材及び少なくとも1個の切断部材を有する請求 項1に記載の手術用器具。
  3. 3.前記制御手段の動作により、前記クランプ部材は、前記切断部材の前に前記 J字状−鉤の前記肩部に係合し、それによって、前記電気的手術用の電源の選択 的作動で、前記クランプ部材がJ字状−鉤の内側の肩部に対して前記動脈又は他 の組織をクランプしている間、凝析電流を通電でき、それによって前記動脈を封 止し、又は出血を止めるために前記組織を凝固させるように、構成された請求項 2に記載の手術用器具。
  4. 4.前記切断部材及び前記肩部との相互作用により、前記動脈又は組織を切断す るために前記制御手段が別の動作を行うように構成された請求項3に記載の手術 用器具。
  5. 5.前記切断部材に電流を供与するように電源に接続され、それによって動脈又 は組織を電気的手術で切断するようにされた請求項4に記載の手術用器具。
  6. 6.2個のクランプ部材が設けてあり、それぞれ各1個が前記切断部材の各側に 設けてある請求項2に記載の手術用器具。
  7. 7.2個のクランプ部材が設けてあり、それぞれ各1個が前記切断部材の各側に 設けてある請求項3から5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  8. 8.前記クランプ部材が前記制御手段によって前記肩部に向かって一緒に動くこ とができる請求項6に記載の手術用器具。
  9. 9.前記クランプ部材が前記制御手段によって前記肩部に向かって一緒に動くこ とができる請求項7に記載の手術用器具。
  10. 10.選択手段を備え、前記制御手段の作動中、前記部材の1個の選択的運動を 防止する間に、前記部材の少なくとも1個の運動を可能とする請求項2から6及 び8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  11. 11.前記J字状−鉤と前記可動手段との間に2極式の電気的手術用の電流を通 電するように構成された請求項1から6及び8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手 術用器具。
  12. 12.少なくとも1個のクランプ部材と1個の選択手段を備え、前記部材が、前 記クランプ部材に切断電流を通電することなく、前記切断部材に切断電流を通電 することができるように、電気的に他から絶縁されている請求項11に記載の手 術用器具。
  13. 13.患者と関連付けられた接地パッドに電流を流すように、前記J字状−鉤及 び前記可動部材に1極式電気的手術用電流を通電するように構成された請求項1 から6及び8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  14. 14.前記J−部材の比較的長い脚部は、復数の入口を有する中空チューブを備 え、前記中空チューブは、基端流体接続口に前記シャフトの内腔を介して連通し て、入口を介して手術場所から流体を注入又は吸入する、請求項1から5及び8 のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  15. 15.前記流体接続口は、注入手段と吸気手段の双方が前記入口と内陸を介して 注入と吸気を可能にする接続に適当なY−接続を有する、請求項1に記載の手術 用器具。
  16. 16.前記J字状−鉤の末端に配置された端面は、鈍い解剖のための切断端部を 形成する、請求項1から6及び8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  17. 17.前記J−部材の比較的長い脚部は、複数の入口を有する中空チューブを備 え、前記中空チューブは、前記シャフトの内腔を介して流体接続口に連通して、 入口を介して手術場所から流体を注入又は吸入し、かつ前記J字状−鉤の末端に 配置された端面は鈍い解剖のための切断端部を形成する、請求項1から6及び8 のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  18. 18.前記シャフトの前記通路は、丸い形状であり、前記クランプ部材は、相互 に平行でかつ離隔した平面状の長手方向内面を有し、更に前記切断部材は比較的 長手方向の動きを許容する態様でその間に配置され、前記クランプ部材の外側長 手方向面は案内された動きのために前記通路の対応する曲面壁に合致した輪郭で ある、請求項3又は4に記載の手術用器具。
  19. 19.前記通路は、横断面で見て長円形であって、前記クランプ部材は前記長円 の長い側に沿って延ひている、請求項11の手術用器具。
  20. 20.前記制御手段は、前記封止クランプ部材と切断部材とに関連した作動棒に 軸方向の動きを作用するように構成された単一の作動自在な部材を備え、更に前 記封止クランプ部材の作動棒と関連した圧縮バネを備え、圧縮バネは、前記作動 自在な部材の別の動作が前記組織を前記切断部材に切断させる間、前記封止クラ ンプ部材が前記動脈又は組織に対するクランプ作用で停止している間、圧縮する ように構成されている、請求項2から4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器 具。
  21. 21.前記手段は、前記バネの予備荷重を調節自在に変えて、前記組織が切断前 にクランプされる圧力又は前記クランプ部材と前記切断部材の端部の間のオフセ ットの距離の調節を可能とするように構成されている、請求項14に記載の手術 用器具。
  22. 22.基端部と末端部との間に延在する絶縁されたシャフトを備えた、腹部の手 術に有用な手術用器具であって、前記基端部は、制御手段と電気的手術用の無線 周波数電源への接続を有し、及び 前記末端部はJ字状−鉤形状をなし、J字状−鉤は、その底部の基端側に組織係 合肩部を有し、前記J−部材の比較的長い脚部は、複数の入口を有する中空チュ ーブを備え、前記中空チューブは、基端流体接続口に前記シャフトの内腔を介し て連通して、入口を介して手術場所から流体を注入又は吸入する、手術用器具。
  23. 23.基端部と末端部との間に延在する絶縁されたシャフトを備えた、腹部の手 術に有用な手術用器具であって、前記基端部は、制御手段と電気的手術用の無線 周波数電源への接続を有し、及び 前記末端部はJ字状−鉤形状をなし、J字状−鉤は、その底部の基端側に組織係 合肩部を有し、前記J字状−鉤の末端に配置された端面は、鈍い解剖のための切 断端部を形成する、手術用器具。
  24. 24.基端部と末端部との間に延在する絶縁されたシャフトを備えた、腹部の手 術に有用な手術用器具であって、前記基端部は、制御手段と電気的手術用の無線 周波数電源への接続を有し、及び 前記末端部はJ字状−鉤形状をなし、J字状−鉤は、その底部の基端側に組織係 合肩部を有し、前記J−部材の比較的長い脚部は、複数の入口を有する中空チュ ーブを備え、前記中空チューブは、基端流体接続口に前記シャフトの内腔を介し て連通して、入口を介して手術場所から流体を注入又は吸入し、かつ前記J字状 −鉤の末端に配置された端面は鈍い解剖のための切断端部を形成する、手術用器 具。
  25. 25.組織係合部材を備え、組織係合部材の組織係合面は、前記組織と前記組織 係合部材との間で改善された熱伝達を可能とする皮膜ダイアモンド層を備えてい る、手術用器具。
  26. 26.組織係合部材を備え、組織係合部材の組織係合面は、前記組織と前記組織 係合部材との間で改善された熱伝達を可能とする皮膜ダイアモンド層を備えてい る、請求項1から6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の手術用器具。
  27. 27.前記部材は、組織を焼灼するため、凝固するため又は切断するために組織 に係合するように構成され、前記ダイアモンド層は前記組織を被覆するために前 記組織から前記手術用器具に熱を伝達するのに役に立つ、請求項25の手術用器 具。
  28. 28.前記部材は、凝固物を焼灼するため、又は組織を切断するために無線周波 数電流を生成するために組織に係合するように構成され、前記ダイアモンド層は 前記組織を被覆するために前記組織から前記手術用器具に熱を伝達するのに役に 立つ、請求項26の手術用器具。
JP3518518A 1990-10-17 1991-10-15 手術の器具及び方法 Pending JPH06502328A (ja)

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US07/599,144 US5190541A (en) 1990-10-17 1990-10-17 Surgical instrument and method
PCT/US1991/007725 WO1992006642A1 (en) 1990-10-17 1991-10-15 Surgical instrument and method

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CA2094159A1 (en) 1992-04-18
US5190541A (en) 1993-03-02
EP0553242A4 (en) 1996-01-17
EP0553242A1 (en) 1993-08-04
WO1992006642A1 (en) 1992-04-30

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