JPH0995155A - Hub clutch device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform the changeover of a two-wheel driven state and a four- wheel driven state from a driver seat by remote control in a hub clutch device installed between the vehicle shaft and the hub of a four-wheel drive vehicle. SOLUTION: A unidirectional clutch 23 is assembled between an inner wheel 19 externally fitted into a vehicle shaft 12 and an outer wheel 21 externally fitted into the inner wheel 19, and the connection and the separation of the inner wheel 19 and the outer wheel 21 are performed by a slider 37 which is moved by the operation of the negative pressure of pressure air, and the changeover of a two-wheel driven state and a four-wheel driven state is performed by the operation of moving the slider 37.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、４輪駆動車の前
輪に取り付け、車軸とホイールハブの間で駆動力の伝達
と遮断を切り換えるハブクラッチ装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hub clutch device which is mounted on a front wheel of a four-wheel drive vehicle and switches between transmission and cutoff of driving force between an axle and a wheel hub.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術及びその課題】パートタイム式の４輪駆動
車においては、前輪ハブと車軸との間にフリーホイール
ハブを組込み、車軸とホイール間の駆動力の伝達と遮断
を切換えるようにしたものがある。2. Description of the Related Art In a part-time four-wheel drive vehicle, a freewheel hub is incorporated between a front wheel hub and an axle to switch between transmission and interruption of driving force between the axle and the wheel. There is.

【０００３】このフリーホイールハブの装着車は、２駆
走行時は後輪駆動とし、トランスファから前輪車軸まで
の駆動系をフリーホイールハブにより切離して走行し、
４駆走行時は、フリーホイールハブを結合して前後輪を
直結した駆動状態にして走行している。２駆走行時に前
輪駆動系を停止させる理由は、燃費の向上と、駆動系か
らの音発生を抑えて静粛性を図ることにある。A vehicle equipped with this freewheel hub uses rear wheel drive during two-wheel drive and runs with the freewheel hub separating the drive system from the transfer to the front wheel axle.
During four-wheel drive, the freewheel hub is connected and the front and rear wheels are directly connected to drive. The reason why the front wheel drive system is stopped during two-wheel drive is to improve fuel efficiency and suppress noise generation from the drive system for quietness.

【０００４】上記のフリーホイールハブの種類として
は、手動で切換えを行なうマニュアル式と、切換えが自
動的に行なわれる自動式のものとがあるが、マニュアル
式のフリーホイールハブは、運転者が降車して手動によ
り切換え操作を行なう必要があるため、冬季や雨天時の
操作性が悪く、最近では、降車せずに操作が行なえる自
動式のものの使用が多くなっている。As the types of the above freewheel hubs, there are a manual type in which the switching is performed manually and an automatic type in which the switching is automatically performed. In the manual type freewheel hub, the driver gets off the vehicle. Since it is necessary to manually perform the switching operation, the operability is poor in the winter or in the rain, and recently, an automatic type that can be operated without getting off the vehicle has been used.

【０００５】一方、従来の自動式のフリーホイールハブ
においては、４駆走行から２駆走行に切換える場合、ト
ランスファーを２駆状態にしたまま数メートルほど後退
することでハブの切換えを行なっているが、このような
切換えの方法では、悪路などでスタックした状態から前
後進の切換えを行なって脱出する場合、車両の後退によ
って２駆走行状態に切換ることがあり、４駆走行による
走破力を利用できない場合がある。On the other hand, in the conventional automatic freewheel hub, when switching from four-wheel drive to two-wheel drive, the hub is switched by retreating for several meters with the transfer in the two-wheel drive state. In such a switching method, when a vehicle is stuck on a bad road or the like and then escapes by switching between forward and backward, the vehicle may switch to a two-wheel drive state by moving backward, and the driving force by four-wheel drive may be applied. May not be available.

【０００６】また、雪道等の摩擦係数の低い登り坂等に
おいて、２駆走行から４駆走行に切換えて発進した場
合、前輪が駆動系と切離された状態にあるため、後輪の
みが空転して車両が動かず、フリーホイールハブが４駆
走行状態に切換わらない問題がある。Further, when the vehicle is started by switching from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive on an uphill slope having a low coefficient of friction such as on a snowy road, the front wheels are separated from the drive system, and only the rear wheels are left. There is a problem that the freewheel hub does not switch to the 4-wheel drive state because the vehicle does not move due to idling.

【０００７】そこで、この発明は、上述した従来の問題
点を解決し、簡単な構造を用いて、２駆走行時は前輪駆
動系を切離し、４駆走行時には４輪を直結状態となるよ
うに遠隔操作によって切換えることができるハブクラッ
チ装置を提供することを課題としている。Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and uses a simple structure so that the front wheel drive system is disconnected during two-wheel drive and the four wheels are directly connected during four-wheel drive. An object is to provide a hub clutch device that can be switched by remote control.

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
め、請求項１の発明は、車軸に連結する駆動部材とホイ
ールハブに連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合
させ、駆動部材と従動部材の間に一方向クラッチを組み
込み、前記駆動部材と従動部材の間に、駆動部材と従動
部材を結合する位置と切り離す位置との間で移動自在と
なる結合部材を設け、この結合部材に切り離し位置へ向
けての移動弾性を付勢し、該結合部材を流体の負圧力で
結合する位置へ移動させるようにした構成を採用したも
のである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 drives a drive member connected to an axle and a driven member connected to a wheel hub rotatably fitted inside and outside. A one-way clutch is incorporated between the member and the driven member, and a coupling member is provided between the driving member and the driven member, the coupling member being movable between a position where the driving member and the driven member are coupled and a position where the driven member is disconnected. The structure adopts a structure in which the member is urged to move toward the separating position and the connecting member is moved to the position where the connecting member is connected by the negative pressure of the fluid.

【０００９】請求項２の発明は、前記結合部材は、セレ
ーション結合により、車輪と一体に回転する状態で軸方
向に移動自在となり、この結合部材の外周面と従動部材
の内周面とに、結合部材の軸方向への移動によって結合
する位置と切り離す位置が得られる一対のギヤを設け、
従動部材内に軸方向へ移動自在となるよう収納したスラ
イダーと結合部材が一体に移動するようにし、このスラ
イダーの一面側に負圧流体を作用させることにより、結
合部材を一対のギヤの結合位置に移動させるようにした
構成を採用したものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, the coupling member is axially movable by the serration coupling while rotating integrally with the wheel, and the coupling member has an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface of the driven member. Providing a pair of gears that can obtain a position for coupling and a position for disconnecting by moving the coupling member in the axial direction,
The slider accommodated in the driven member so as to be movable in the axial direction and the connecting member are moved integrally, and by applying a negative pressure fluid to one surface side of the slider, the connecting member is moved to the connecting position of the pair of gears. It adopts a configuration that allows it to be moved to.

【００１０】請求項３の発明は、結合部材は、外周面と
従動部材の内周面に設けた一対のギヤによって軸方向に
移動可能となるよう従動部材と常時結合し、この結合部
材と車軸を該結合部材の移動によって結合と切り離しが
自在となるようにし、車軸と駆動部材の間に、結合部材
と一体に移動し、結合部材と車軸の切り離し時に車軸と
駆動部材を結合する中間ギヤを設けた構成を採用したも
のである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, the connecting member is always connected to the driven member such that the connecting member is axially movable by a pair of gears provided on the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the driven member, and the connecting member and the axle. By moving the coupling member so as to be freely coupled and disengaged, and an intermediate gear that moves integrally with the coupling member between the axle and the driving member and couples the axle and the driving member when the coupling member and the axle are separated. The configuration provided is adopted.

【００１１】請求項４の発明は、車軸に連結する駆動部
材とホイールハブに連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可
能に嵌合させ、駆動部材と従動部材の間に一方向クラッ
チを組み込み、前記駆動部材と従動部材の間に、駆動部
材と従動部材を結合する位置と切り離す位置との間で移
動自在となる結合部材を設け、この結合部材に結合する
位置へ向けての移動弾性を付勢し、該結合部材をワイヤ
ーの引圧で結合する位置へ移動させるようにした構成を
採用したものである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a drive member connected to the axle and a driven member connected to the wheel hub are rotatably fitted in and out, and a one-way clutch is incorporated between the drive member and the driven member. A coupling member that is movable between a position where the driving member and the driven member are coupled and a position where the driving member and the driven member are separated is provided between the driving member and the driven member, and elastic force is applied to move the coupling member to the coupling member. Then, a configuration is adopted in which the connecting member is moved to a position where it is connected by the pulling force of the wire.

【００１２】[0012]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を図
示例と共に説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【００１３】図１は、後輪駆動を主とする４輪駆動車の
車輪駆動系を示したものであり、同図において、１はフ
ロントディファレンシャル、２は前車輪、３は後車輪を
示している。FIG. 1 shows a wheel drive system of a four-wheel drive vehicle mainly for rear wheel drive. In FIG. 1, 1 is a front differential, 2 is a front wheel, and 3 is a rear wheel. There is.

【００１４】フロントディファレンシャル１は、デフカ
バー４の内側に、リングギヤ５とドライブピニオン６を
介してエンジン７とトランスファー８に連結されるデフ
ケース９を回転自在に支持し、そのデフケース９と共回
り可能に連結したピニオンギヤ１０、１０に一対のサイ
ドギヤ１１、１１を噛み合せて構成され、この各サイド
ギヤ１１、１１に、駆動軸としての車輪１２、１２が連
結され、この車軸１２、１２の途中に等速ジョイント１
３、１３が設けられ、車軸１２、１２の端部に前車輪
２、２が取付けられ、この車軸１２、１２と前車輪２、
２の間にハブクラッチ装置Ａが組込まれている。The front differential 1 rotatably supports a differential case 9 which is connected to an engine 7 and a transfer 8 via a ring gear 5 and a drive pinion 6 inside a differential cover 4 and is rotatable together with the differential case 9. The pinion gears 10 and 10 are configured to mesh with a pair of side gears 11 and 11. The side gears 11 and 11 are connected to wheels 12 and 12 as drive shafts, and the constant velocity joint 1 is provided in the middle of the axles 12 and 12.
3, 13 are provided, front wheels 2, 2 are attached to the ends of the axles 12, 12, and the axles 12, 12 and the front wheels 2,
Hub clutch device A is incorporated between the two.

【００１５】図２乃至図４は、２駆走行と４駆走行の切
換えをエアーによって行なうハブクラッチ装置Ａの第１
の例を示し、車軸１２にはスピンドル１４が外嵌し、車
両のナックル１５に一体で支持されていると共に、スピ
ンドル１４がテーパ軸受１６、１７を介してホイールハ
ブ１８を回動自在に支持している。2 to 4 show a first hub clutch device A for switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive by air.
The spindle 14 is fitted onto the axle 12 and is integrally supported by the knuckle 15 of the vehicle. The spindle 14 rotatably supports the wheel hub 18 via the tapered bearings 16 and 17. ing.

【００１６】車軸１２の先端部に駆動部材となる内輪１
９がセレーション溝２０を介して回転が一体となるよう
外嵌挿通され、この内輪１９の外側に、従動部材となる
外輪２１が回転可能に外嵌し、この外輪２１は後部端面
が複数のボルト２２によってホイールハブ１８の端面に
固定され、この外輪２１の内周面と前記内輪１９の間
に、該内輪１９を含む一方向クラッチ２３が組み込まれ
ている。An inner ring 1 serving as a driving member is provided at the tip of the axle 12.
9 is externally inserted and inserted through the serration groove 20 so as to be integrally rotated. An outer ring 21 serving as a driven member is rotatably externally fitted to the outer side of the inner ring 19, and the outer ring 21 has a plurality of bolts with rear end faces. A one-way clutch 23 including the inner ring 19 is fixed between the inner ring 19 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 21 by being fixed to the end surface of the wheel hub 18 by 22.

【００１７】この一方向クラッチ２３は図３と図８に示
すように、内輪１９と外輪２１に対向して設けた円筒面
１９ａ、２１ａ間に径の異なる２つの環状保持器２４、
２４ａを設け、その各保持器２４、２４ａに設けたポケ
ット２５、２６にそれぞれスプラグ２７を組込んで形成
され、各スプラグ２７はリボンスプリング２８によって
常に傾倒する方向にモーメントを受けている。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the one-way clutch 23 includes two annular retainers 24 having different diameters between the cylindrical surfaces 19a, 21a provided to face the inner ring 19 and the outer ring 21, respectively.
24a is provided, and the sprags 27 are incorporated in the pockets 25 and 26 provided in the retainers 24 and 24a, respectively, and the sprags 27 are always subjected to a moment by the ribbon spring 28 in the direction of tilting.

【００１８】上記構造の一方向クラッチ２３では、内輪
１９（車軸）の回転が外輪２１（ホイールハブ）の回転
を上回ったときスプラグ２７が傾倒して各円筒面１９
ａ、２１ａに係合し、トルクを伝達する。逆に外輪２１
の回転が内輪１９の回転を上回ると各スプラグ２７に対
して外輪２１がフリーランニング（オーバランニング）
の状態となり、トルク伝達が行なわれない。この実施例
では一方向クラッチ２３がロックする回転方向を車輛の
前進走行時の回転方向となるように設定している。な
お、内輪１９と外輪２１の間には、内輪１９の両端部に
支持メタル２９、３０が設けてある。In the one-way clutch 23 having the above structure, when the rotation of the inner ring 19 (axle) exceeds the rotation of the outer ring 21 (wheel hub), the sprag 27 is tilted and each cylindrical surface 19 is rotated.
It engages with a and 21a and transmits torque. Conversely, the outer ring 21
When the rotation of the outer ring 21 exceeds the rotation of the inner ring 19, the outer ring 21 is free-running (overrunning) with respect to each sprag 27.
Then, the torque is not transmitted. In this embodiment, the rotation direction in which the one-way clutch 23 is locked is set to be the rotation direction during forward traveling of the vehicle. Between the inner ring 19 and the outer ring 21, support metals 29, 30 are provided at both ends of the inner ring 19.

【００１９】前記内輪１９の後端側に設けた小径部１９
ｂと外輪２１の内周面との間に環状の結合部材３１が軸
方向に移動自在となるよう組込まれ、この結合部材３１
と内輪１９はセレーション溝３２によって一体に回転す
るように結合され、該結合部材３１の外周面に外歯ギヤ
３３が設けられている。A small diameter portion 19 provided on the rear end side of the inner ring 19.
An annular coupling member 31 is incorporated between b and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 21 so as to be movable in the axial direction.
The inner ring 19 and the inner ring 19 are connected by a serration groove 32 so as to rotate integrally, and an external gear 33 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting member 31.

【００２０】上記外輪２１の内周面で後端側の位置に内
歯ギヤ３４が設けられ、結合部材３１を軸方向に移動さ
せることにより、外歯ギヤ３３は、内歯ギヤ３４と噛合
する位置と離脱する位置とに変化することになる。An internal gear 34 is provided at a position on the rear end side on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 21, and the external gear 33 is meshed with the internal gear 34 by moving the coupling member 31 in the axial direction. It will change to a position and a leaving position.

【００２１】この結合部材３１と車軸１２に外嵌装した
受け座３５の対向面間に、結合部材３１を一方向クラッ
チ２３に接近する前進位置に押圧し、外歯ギヤ３３が内
歯ギヤ３４から切り離された状態になるよう移動弾性を
付勢するスプリング３６が縮設されている。The coupling member 31 is pressed between the facing surfaces of the coupling member 31 and the receiving seat 35 fitted onto the axle 12 to the forward position approaching the one-way clutch 23, and the external gear 33 is rotated by the internal gear 34. A spring 36 for urging the movement elasticity is contracted so as to be separated from.

【００２２】前記外輪２１の先端側内部にスライダー３
７が軸方向に移動自在となるようＯリング３８で気密状
に嵌挿され、このスライダー３７の外面は外輪２１の端
部開口３９で体気圧に臨んでいると共に、その内面側と
内輪２１の対向面間には、気密室４０を形成している。The slider 3 is provided inside the tip side of the outer ring 21.
7 is airtightly inserted by an O-ring 38 so as to be movable in the axial direction, the outer surface of the slider 37 faces the body pressure at the end opening 39 of the outer ring 21, and the inner surface of the outer ring 21 and the inner ring 21. An airtight chamber 40 is formed between the facing surfaces.

【００２３】前記内輪１９の大径部の複数個所に設けた
軸方向の横孔４１にロッド４２が軸方向に移動自在とな
るよう挿入され、該ロッド４２の先端はスライダー３７
の内面に当接し、後端は結合部材３１の前面に当接し、
このロッド４２を介してスライダー３７と結合部材３１
が軸方向に一体動するようになっている。A rod 42 is inserted into axial lateral holes 41 provided at a plurality of large diameter portions of the inner ring 19 so as to be axially movable, and the tip of the rod 42 is a slider 37.
The inner surface of the connecting member 31, and the rear end of the connecting member 31 contacts the front surface of the connecting member 31.
The slider 37 and the connecting member 31 are connected via the rod 42.
Is designed to move integrally in the axial direction.

【００２４】上記スライダー３７により結合部材３１を
移動させて２駆走行と４駆走行の切り換えを行なうた
め、図３のように、内輪１９に軸方向へ貫通して気密室
４０と連通するエア通路４３が設けられ、このエア通路
４３は図示省略したが、スピンドル１４とホイールハブ
１８の間の空間と、この空間に組み込んだテーパ軸受１
６、１７の内部及びスピンドル１４の後端に該空間と接
続したエア配管を介して、４輪駆動車のトランスファ等
からの遠隔操作によって負圧のエアの給排を切り換える
エア源に接続されている。Since the connecting member 31 is moved by the slider 37 to switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive, as shown in FIG. 3, an air passage axially penetrating the inner ring 19 and communicating with the airtight chamber 40 is formed. Although the air passage 43 is not shown in the drawing, a space between the spindle 14 and the wheel hub 18 and the taper bearing 1 incorporated in this space are provided.
6 and 17 and the rear end of the spindle 14 through an air pipe connected to the space, and is connected to an air source for switching negative air supply / discharge by remote operation from a transfer of a four-wheel drive vehicle or the like. There is.

【００２５】第１の例のハブクラッチ装置は上記のよう
な構成であり、次に、この第１の例を用いた車両の走行
状態について説明する。The hub clutch device of the first example has the above-mentioned structure. Next, the traveling state of the vehicle using this first example will be described.

【００２６】２駆走行時は図３と図４（Ａ）に示すよう
に、スライダー３７の気密室４０に対して負圧が作用し
ないようにすると、スプリング３６により、結合部材３
１とスライダー３７は、前方に移動し、外歯ギヤ３３を
外輪２１の内歯ギヤ３４と離脱した状態にしておく。As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 (A) during the two-wheel drive, if the negative pressure is prevented from acting on the airtight chamber 40 of the slider 37, the spring 36 causes the coupling member 3 to move.
1 and the slider 37 move forward and leave the external gear 33 separated from the internal gear 34 of the outer ring 21.

【００２７】この状態では一方向クラッチ２３がフリー
ランニングし、車軸（駆動部材）とホイールハブ（従動
部材）が完全に切離された状態になるため、ホイールハ
ブのトルクが、車軸に伝達されない。In this state, the one-way clutch 23 is free-running, and the axle (driving member) and the wheel hub (driven member) are completely disengaged from each other, so that the torque of the wheel hub is not transmitted to the axle.

【００２８】このため、トランスファより動力を切離さ
れた前輪車軸１２には、エンジン及びタイヤの両方から
駆動力が伝わらず、後輪だけの２輪走行になるため、ト
ランスファから前輪車軸までの駆動系を停止させること
ができる。For this reason, the driving force is not transmitted from both the engine and the tire to the front wheel axle 12 which has been separated from the power by the transfer, and only the rear wheels are used for two-wheel running, so that the drive from the transfer to the front wheel axle is performed. The system can be stopped.

【００２９】雪道等の摩擦係数の低い路面を４駆走行す
る場合は、図４（Ｂ）のようにエア配管によって密封さ
れた気密室４０内のエアを吸引し、スライダー３７に作
用する負圧により、スプリング３６の力に打ちかって該
スライダー３７と結合部材３１を内方へ移動させ、外歯
ギヤ３３を外輪２１の内歯ギヤ３４に噛合させる。When traveling on a road surface having a low coefficient of friction, such as a snow road, by four-wheel drive, the air in the airtight chamber 40 sealed by the air pipe is sucked as shown in FIG. Due to the pressure, the slider 37 and the coupling member 31 are moved inward by the force of the spring 36, and the outer tooth gear 33 meshes with the inner tooth gear 34 of the outer ring 21.

【００３０】これにより、前輪車軸１２と外輪２１が直
結された４輪駆動状態になり、エンジンブレーキも前後
輪で同時に効かせることができる。As a result, the front wheel axle 12 and the outer wheel 21 are directly connected to each other, whereby the four-wheel drive state is established, and the engine braking can be simultaneously applied to the front and rear wheels.

【００３１】また、上記４輪駆動状態から２輪駆動状態
に切り換えるには、密閉された気密室４０内の吸引を解
けばよく、スプリング３６の伸長弾性で該スライダー３
７と結合部材３１を外方に移動させ、外歯ギヤ３３を内
歯ギヤ３４から離脱させればよい。Further, in order to switch from the four-wheel drive state to the two-wheel drive state, it is sufficient to release the suction in the hermetically sealed airtight chamber 40, and the extension elasticity of the spring 36 causes the slider 3 to move.
7 and the coupling member 31 may be moved outward to disengage the external gear 33 from the internal gear 34.

【００３２】上記のように２輪駆動状態と４輪駆動状態
の切り換えは、スライダー３７の気密室４０に負圧を作
用させればよい。To switch between the two-wheel drive state and the four-wheel drive state as described above, a negative pressure may be applied to the airtight chamber 40 of the slider 37.

【００３３】上記切り換え操作は、エンジンの負圧を駆
動源に用い、トランスファー８との連動により運転席よ
り遠隔操作できるものである。The above switching operation can be performed remotely from the driver's seat by using the negative pressure of the engine as a drive source and interlocking with the transfer 8.

【００３４】次に図５（Ａ）、（Ｂ）は、２駆走行と４
駆走行の切り替えをエア圧力で行なう第２例を示してい
る。なお、先に述べた第１の例と同一部分にいたっては
同一符号を付して説明する。他の例においても同様であ
る。Next, FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B) show two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive.
The 2nd example which changes drive driving by air pressure is shown. The same parts as those of the first example described above are designated by the same reference numerals and will be described. The same applies to other examples.

【００３５】図５（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示す第２の例におい
て、内輪１９は車軸１２にセレーション溝２０で一体に
回転するよう外嵌し、この内輪１９に外嵌する外輪２１
と内輪１９の間に一方向クラッチ２３が組込まれてい
る。In the second example shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the inner ring 19 is fitted onto the axle 12 so as to rotate integrally with the serration groove 20, and the outer ring 21 is fitted onto the inner ring 19.
A one-way clutch 23 is incorporated between the inner ring 19 and the inner ring 19.

【００３６】上記車軸１２の内輪１９よりも先端側の位
置に嵌挿した結合部材３１は、セレーション溝２０で車
軸１２と一体に回転し、かつ軸方向に移動自在となり、
外周に設けた外歯ギヤ３３が外輪２１の内周に設けた内
歯ギヤ３４に対し、内輪１９に接近する後退位置で噛合
し、内輪１９から離れた前進位置で切り離されるように
なっている。The connecting member 31 fitted and inserted at a position closer to the tip end side than the inner ring 19 of the axle 12 is rotated integrally with the axle 12 in the serration groove 20 and is movable in the axial direction.
The outer tooth gear 33 provided on the outer circumference meshes with the inner tooth gear 34 provided on the inner circumference of the outer ring 21 at the retracted position approaching the inner ring 19, and is disengaged at the forward position away from the inner ring 19. .

【００３７】上記結合部材３１と内輪１９の対向面間
に、結合部材３１を外歯ギヤ３３が内歯ギヤ３４から切
り離された前進位置に常時押圧するスプリング３６が組
込まれ、外輪２１の先端は端板５１によって閉鎖され、
この外輪２１の先端内部に組込んだスライダー３７が結
合部材３１と一体に軸方向へ移動するようになってい
る。A spring 36 for constantly pressing the coupling member 31 to the forward position where the external gear 33 is separated from the internal gear 34 is incorporated between the facing surfaces of the coupling member 31 and the inner ring 19, and the tip of the outer ring 21 is Closed by end plate 51,
The slider 37 incorporated inside the tip of the outer ring 21 moves in the axial direction together with the coupling member 31.

【００３８】スライダー３７の外周面と外輪２１の内周
面間にはオイルシール５２が設けられ、スライダー３７
の結合部材３１に向く内面が内輪１９のエア通路４３と
連通する気密室４０となり、スライダー３７の外面は端
板５１に設けた通気穴５３により大気圧になっている。An oil seal 52 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the slider 37 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 21.
The inner surface of the slider 37 that communicates with the air passage 43 of the inner ring 19 serves as an airtight chamber 40, and the outer surface of the slider 37 is at atmospheric pressure due to a vent hole 53 provided in the end plate 51.

【００３９】この第２の例において、２駆走行時は、図
５（Ａ）の如く、気密室４０への負圧の作用を解けばよ
く、スプリング３６の弾性で結合部材３１の内歯ギヤ３
３は外歯ギヤ３４と切り離され、一方向クラッチ２３は
フリーランニングし、車軸１２とホイールハブが完全に
切離された状態になるため、ホイールハブのトルクが車
軸１２に伝達されない。In the second example, during the two-wheel drive, as shown in FIG. 5A, the action of the negative pressure on the airtight chamber 40 may be released, and the elasticity of the spring 36 causes the internal gear of the coupling member 31 to move. Three
3 is disengaged from the external gear 34, the one-way clutch 23 is free running, and the axle 12 and the wheel hub are completely disengaged, so that the torque of the wheel hub is not transmitted to the axle 12.

【００４０】また、４駆走行時は、図５（Ｂ）に示すよ
うに、スライダー３７の気密室４０に負圧を作用させ、
スプリング３６の弾性に抗してスライダー３７と結合部
材３１を内輪１９側に後退させればよく、外歯ギヤ３３
と内歯ギヤ３４が噛合い、車軸１２と外輪１０が直結さ
れる。During four-wheel drive, a negative pressure is applied to the airtight chamber 40 of the slider 37, as shown in FIG.
The slider 37 and the connecting member 31 may be retracted toward the inner ring 19 side against the elasticity of the spring 36.
And the internal gear 34 mesh with each other, and the axle 12 and the outer ring 10 are directly connected.

【００４１】図６（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示す第３の例は、エ
ア圧力によって２駆走行と４駆走行の切り替えを行なう
ものであり、車軸１２とこれに外嵌する内輪１９の間
に、セレーション溝２０によって車軸１２と一体に回転
し、軸方向に移動自在となる中間ギヤ６１を設け、内輪
１９の内周面で先端側の位置に、中間ギヤ６１の外歯ギ
ヤ６２が噛み合い及び切り離し自在となる内歯ギヤ６３
が設けられ、車軸１２の後端寄り段部と中間ギヤ６１の
対向面間に中間ギヤ６１を常時先端側に押圧するスプリ
ング３６が縮設されている。A third example shown in FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) is for switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive by air pressure, and between the axle 12 and the inner ring 19 fitted onto the axle 12. Is provided with an intermediate gear 61 that rotates integrally with the axle 12 by the serration groove 20 and is movable in the axial direction. The external gear 62 of the intermediate gear 61 meshes with the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring 19 at the tip end side. And the internal gear 63 that can be separated
Is provided, and a spring 36 that constantly presses the intermediate gear 61 toward the front end side is provided between the facing surfaces of the intermediate gear 61 and the step portion near the rear end of the axle 12.

【００４２】前記外輪１９の先端側にアウターギヤ６４
と筒状の蓋部材６５が固定され、蓋部材６５内に軸方向
へ移動自在となるよう気密状に嵌合する結合部材３１は
内径が車軸１２の先端部に外嵌し、後端が中間ギヤ６１
に当接していると共に、内周面の中間部に車軸１２のセ
レーション溝２０に対して係脱するセレーション溝６６
が形成されている。An outer gear 64 is provided on the tip side of the outer ring 19.
The tubular lid member 65 is fixed, and the coupling member 31 fitted in the lid member 65 in an airtight manner so as to be movable in the axial direction has an inner diameter fitted outside the tip end portion of the axle 12, and a rear end intermediate. Gear 61
The serration groove 66 that is in contact with the
Are formed.

【００４３】結合部材３１の外周にはアウターギヤ６４
の内周に設けた内歯ギヤ３４に常時噛み合う外歯ギヤ３
３が設けられ、結合部材３１の先端側内径は端板６７に
よって密閉されている。An outer gear 64 is provided on the outer periphery of the coupling member 31.
The external gear 3 that constantly meshes with the internal gear 34 provided on the inner periphery of the
3 is provided, and the inner diameter at the tip end side of the coupling member 31 is sealed by the end plate 67.

【００４４】結合部材３１の外面は大気圧に臨んでいる
と共に、その内面側に形成される空間が気密室４０とな
り、車軸１２と中間ギヤ６１及び結合部材３１等の間に
生じる隙間が該気密室４０に連なるエア通路になってい
る。The outer surface of the coupling member 31 faces the atmospheric pressure, and the space formed on the inner surface side of the coupling member 31 serves as an airtight chamber 40, and a gap formed between the axle 12 and the intermediate gear 61, the coupling member 31, etc. The air passage connects to the closed chamber 40.

【００４５】この第３の例において、気密室４０への負
圧の作用を解くと、図６（Ａ）の如く、スプリング３６
の押圧力で中間ギヤ６１と結合部材３１は前方に移動
し、中間ギヤ６１が車軸１２と内輪１９を結合し、結合
部材３１は車軸１２から切り離された２駆走行の状態に
なる。In this third example, when the action of the negative pressure on the airtight chamber 40 is released, the spring 36 is released as shown in FIG. 6 (A).
The intermediate gear 61 and the connecting member 31 are moved forward by the pressing force of, the intermediate gear 61 connects the axle 12 and the inner ring 19, and the connecting member 31 is separated from the axle 12 in a two-wheel drive state.

【００４６】また、図６（Ｂ）の如く、気密室４０に負
圧を作用させると、スプリング３６に抗して結合部材３
１と中間ギヤ６１が後退動し、中間ギヤ６１は内輪１９
と切り離されると共に、結合部材３１は車軸１２と噛み
合い、アウターギヤ６４を介して軸１２と外輪２１を直
結する４駆走行の状態となる。As shown in FIG. 6B, when a negative pressure is applied to the airtight chamber 40, the coupling member 3 is resisted against the spring 36.
1 and the intermediate gear 61 move backward, and the intermediate gear 61 moves to the inner ring 19
At the same time, the connecting member 31 meshes with the axle 12 and is in a four-wheel drive state in which the shaft 12 and the outer ring 21 are directly connected via the outer gear 64.

【００４７】図７（Ａ）、（Ｂ）は、２駆走行と４駆走
行の切り換えをワイヤーの引圧によって行なう第４の例
を示し、車軸１２の先端に外嵌し、セレーション溝２０
で一体に回転する内輪１９の後端部外周面に外歯ギヤ７
１を設け、外輪２１の内部で後端側の位置に軸方向へ可
動となるよう収納した結合部材３１の外周に、外輪２１
の内周に設けた内歯ギヤ３４に常時噛み合う外歯ギヤ３
３を設け、該結合部材３１の内周に内輪１９の外歯ギヤ
７１に対して噛み合いと切り離しが自在となる内歯ギヤ
７２が設けられている。FIGS. 7 (A) and 7 (B) show a fourth example in which the two-wheel drive and the four-wheel drive are switched by the pulling pressure of the wire.
The outer gear 7 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the inner ring 19 which rotates integrally with
1, the outer ring 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the coupling member 31 that is housed inside the outer ring 21 so as to be axially movable at a position on the rear end side.
The external gear 3 that constantly meshes with the internal gear 34 provided on the inner periphery of the
3, an internal gear 72 is provided on the inner periphery of the coupling member 31 so that it can be meshed with and separated from the external gear 71 of the inner ring 19.

【００４８】前記結合部材３１よりも後方に配置した固
定ケース７３の前面側に、回り止兼用のスリット７４で
軸方向に移動自在となるスライダー３７が配置され、こ
のスライダー３７は結合部材３１の後面に当接し、軸方
向に一体移動するようになっている。A slider 37, which is axially movable by a slit 74 that also serves as a rotation stop, is arranged on the front side of a fixed case 73 arranged rearward of the connecting member 31. The slider 37 is a rear surface of the connecting member 31. It comes into contact with and is moved integrally in the axial direction.

【００４９】上記スライダー３７と固定ケース７３の対
向面間には、スライダー３７を介して結合部材３１を常
時前方に押圧し、内輪１９と結合部材３１を結合させる
スプリング７５を縮設し、結合部材３１と一方向クラッ
チ２３の対向面間に結合部材３１を常時後方に押圧する
スプリング７６が縮設されている。Between the opposing surfaces of the slider 37 and the fixed case 73, the coupling member 31 is constantly pressed forward via the slider 37, and a spring 75 for coupling the inner ring 19 and the coupling member 31 is contracted to form a coupling member. A spring 76 that constantly pushes the coupling member 31 rearward is provided between the opposing surfaces of the one-way clutch 23 and the one-way clutch 23.

【００５０】前記スライダー３１には該スライダー３１
を後方に引圧するためのワイヤー７７が結合されてい
る。The slider 31 is attached to the slider 31.
A wire 77 for pulling back is coupled.

【００５１】なお、スライダー３１を前方に向けて押圧
するスプリング７５は、後方に押すスプリング７６より
も強い弾性に設定されている。The spring 75 that pushes the slider 31 forward is set to be stronger than the spring 76 that pushes backward.

【００５２】第４の例において、２駆走行時は、図７
（Ａ）に示す如く、スプリング７５に抗してワイヤー７
７でスライダー３７を後退位置に引圧すると、スプリン
グ７６で押された結合部材３１も後退動し、該結合部材
３１は内輪１９から切り離される。In the fourth example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (A), the wire 7 is resisted against the spring 75.
When the slider 37 is pulled to the retracted position by 7, the connecting member 31 pushed by the spring 76 also moves backward, and the connecting member 31 is separated from the inner ring 19.

【００５３】また、４駆走行時はワイヤー７７の引圧を
解けばよく、図７（Ｂ）に示す如く、スプリング７５の
押圧力でスライダー３７と結合部材３１は前進し、該結
合部材３１は内輪１９と噛み合うので、車軸１２と外輪
２１が直結されることになる。When the vehicle is traveling in the 4th drive, it is sufficient to release the pulling pressure of the wire 77. As shown in FIG. 7B, the pressing force of the spring 75 causes the slider 37 and the connecting member 31 to move forward and the connecting member 31 to move. Since the inner ring 19 is meshed with the inner ring 19, the axle 12 and the outer ring 21 are directly connected.

【００５４】[0054]

【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明によると、４輪
駆動車の前輪と車軸の間に組込むことにより、前輪駆動
系を切離した状態で２駆走行できると共に、４駆走行時
には前後輪を直結することができ、しかも２駆走行と４
駆走行の切り換えが圧力流体又はワイヤーを用いて運転
席から遠隔操作することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by incorporating between the front wheel and the axle of a four-wheel drive vehicle, two-wheel drive can be performed with the front-wheel drive system separated, and front and rear wheels can be used when four-wheel drive. Can be directly connected, and 2 drive and 4
Switching of driving can be controlled remotely from the driver's seat using pressure fluid or wires.

【００５５】また、２駆走行から４駆走行に操作した場
合、ギヤのみの場合は、ギヤが噛み合うまでトルクが伝
わらないが、この発明は一方向クラッチを組み合わせて
いるため、前進方向においては即トルクが伝わり、オフ
ロードでの脱出性がよくなると共に圧力流体又はワイヤ
ー系統が破損した場合、ギヤの噛み合いがなくても前進
方向は４駆走行となるフェールセーフ機能が得られる。In the case of operating from two-wheel drive to four-wheel drive, torque is not transmitted until the gears mesh with each other, but the present invention uses a one-way clutch. When torque is transmitted, off-road escapeability is improved, and if the pressure fluid or the wire system is damaged, a fail-safe function is achieved in which the vehicle travels in the forward direction by four-wheel drive even if gears are not meshed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】４輪駆動車の車輪駆動系を示す平面図FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a wheel drive system of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

【図２】同上におけるハブクラッチ装置の第１の例を示
す装着状態の縦断面図FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first example of the hub clutch device of the above, in a mounted state.

【図３】ハブクラッチ装置の拡大断面図FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a hub clutch device.

【図４】（Ａ）はハブクラッチ装置の２駆走行モードを
示す断面図、（Ｂ）は４駆走行モードを示す断面図FIG. 4A is a sectional view showing a hub clutch device in a two-wheel drive mode, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view showing a four-wheel drive mode.

【図５】（Ａ）はハブクラッチ装置の第２の例を示す２
駆走行モードの断面図、（Ｂ）は４駆走行モードを示す
断面図FIG. 5A is a view showing a second example of the hub clutch device 2
Sectional view of driving mode, (B) is a sectional view showing 4 driving mode

【図６】（Ａ）はハブクラッチ装置の第３の例を示す２
駆走行モードの断面図、（Ｂ）は４駆走行モードを示す
断面図FIG. 6A shows a second example of the hub clutch device 2
Sectional view of driving mode, (B) is a sectional view showing 4 driving mode

【図７】（Ａ）はハブクラッチ装置の第４の例を示す２
駆走行モードの断面図、（Ｂ）は４駆走行モードを示す
断面図FIG. 7 (A) shows a fourth example of the hub clutch device 2
Sectional view of driving mode, (B) is a sectional view showing 4 driving mode

【図８】一方向クラッチの拡大断面図FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a one-way clutch.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

２ 前車輪 １２ 車軸 １８ ホイールハブ １９ 内輪 ２０ セレーション溝 ２１ 外輪 ２３ 一方向クラッチ ２７ スプラグ ３１ 結合部材 ３２ セレーション溝 ３３ 外歯ギヤ ３４ 内歯ギヤ ３６ スプリング ３７ スライダー ４０ 気密室 ４３ エア通路 ６１ 中間ギヤ ６２ 外歯ギヤ ６３ 内歯ギヤ ７１ 外歯ギヤ ７５、７６ スプリング ７７ ワイヤー 2 front wheel 12 axle 18 wheel hub 19 inner ring 20 serration groove 21 outer ring 23 one-way clutch 27 sprag 31 coupling member 32 serration groove 33 outer tooth gear 34 inner tooth gear 36 spring 37 slider 40 airtight chamber 43 air passage 61 intermediate gear 62 outer Tooth gear 63 Internal tooth gear 71 External tooth gear 75, 76 Spring 77 Wire

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 車軸に連結する駆動部材とホイールハブ
に連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合させ、駆
動部材と従動部材の間に一方向クラッチを組み込み、前
記駆動部材と従動部材の間に、駆動部材と従動部材を結
合する位置と切り離す位置との間で移動自在となる結合
部材を設け、この結合部材に切り離し位置へ向けての移
動弾性を付勢し、該結合部材を流体の負圧力で結合する
位置へ移動させるようにしたハブクラッチ装置。1. A drive member connected to an axle and a driven member connected to a wheel hub are rotatably fitted inside and outside, and a one-way clutch is incorporated between the drive member and the driven member to provide the drive member and the driven member. A connecting member that is movable between a position where the driving member and the driven member are connected and a position where the driven member is disconnected is provided between the two, and the connecting member is urged to move elastically toward the disconnecting position. Hub clutch device that is moved to a position where it is connected by negative pressure of fluid. 【請求項２】 前記結合部材は、セレーション結合によ
り、車輪と一体に回転する状態で軸方向に移動自在とな
り、この結合部材の外周面と従動部材の内周面とに、結
合部材の軸方向への移動によって結合する位置と切り離
す位置が得られる一対のギヤを設け、従動部材内に軸方
向へ移動自在となるよう収納したスライダーと結合部材
が一体に移動するようにし、このスライダーの一面側に
負圧流体を作用させることにより、結合部材を一対のギ
ヤの結合位置に移動させるようにした請求項１記載のハ
ブクラッチ装置。2. The serration coupling allows the coupling member to move axially while rotating integrally with the wheel, and the coupling member has an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface of the driven member that are axially movable. By providing a pair of gears that can be connected and disconnected by moving the slider, the slider accommodated in the driven member so as to be movable in the axial direction and the connecting member move together, and one side of this slider The hub clutch device according to claim 1, wherein the coupling member is moved to a coupling position of the pair of gears by causing a negative pressure fluid to act on the coupling member. 【請求項３】 結合部材は、外周面と従動部材の内周面
に設けた一対のギヤによって軸方向に移動可能となるよ
う従動部材と常時結合し、この結合部材と車軸を該結合
部材の移動によって結合と切り離しが自在となるように
し、車軸と駆動部材の間に、結合部材と一体に移動し、
結合部材と車軸の切り離し時に車軸と駆動部材を結合す
る中間ギヤを設けた請求項１記載のハブクラッチ装置。3. The connecting member is always connected to the driven member by a pair of gears provided on the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the driven member so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the connecting member and the axle are connected to each other. It can be connected and disconnected freely by moving, it moves integrally with the connecting member between the axle and the drive member,
The hub clutch device according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate gear that connects the axle and the drive member when the coupling member and the axle are separated. 【請求項４】 車軸に連結する駆動部材とホイールハブ
に連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合させ、駆
動部材と従動部材の間に一方向クラッチを組み込み、前
記駆動部材と従動部材の間に、駆動部材と従動部材を結
合する位置と切り離す位置との間で移動自在となる結合
部材を設け、この結合部材に結合する位置へ向けての移
動弾性を付勢し、該結合部材をワイヤーの引圧で結合す
る位置へ移動させるようにしたハブクラッチ装置。4. A drive member connected to an axle and a driven member connected to a wheel hub are rotatably fitted in and out, and a one-way clutch is incorporated between the drive member and the driven member to provide the drive member and the driven member. A connecting member that is movable between a position where the driving member and the driven member are connected and a position where the driven member is separated from each other, and biases the moving elasticity toward the position where the driving member and the driven member are connected to the connecting member. Hub clutch device that moves to the position where it is connected by pulling the wire.