JPH0878065A - Remaining capacity detection circuit and intermittent charging circuit for battery - Google Patents
Remaining capacity detection circuit and intermittent charging circuit for batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0878065A JPH0878065A JP6213479A JP21347994A JPH0878065A JP H0878065 A JPH0878065 A JP H0878065A JP 6213479 A JP6213479 A JP 6213479A JP 21347994 A JP21347994 A JP 21347994A JP H0878065 A JPH0878065 A JP H0878065A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- remaining capacity
- assembled battery
- table data
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、無停電電源に係り、ニ
ッケルカドミウム電池やニッケル水素電池等の二次電池
を予備電力源とした電池の残存容量検出回路および間欠
充電回路に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an uninterruptible power supply, and relates to a battery remaining capacity detection circuit and an intermittent charging circuit using a secondary battery such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery as a backup power source.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図７は、従来のトリクル充電を行う無停
電電源である。１ａはニッケルカドミウム電池の単電池
または組電池、１ｂは充電回路、２ｂはダイオード、３
ｂは直流電源、４ｂはＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、５ｂは負
荷である。図７の無停電電源において、通常、直流電源
３ｂは負荷５ｂにＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４ｂを介して直
流電力を供給している。それと同時に、直流電源３ｂは
充電回路１ｂを介して電池１ａに常に充電電流を流して
いる。一方、直流電源３ｂが停電した場合、電池１ａが
ダイオード２ｂおよびＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４ｂを介し
て負荷５ｂに直流電力を供給する。ここで、この無停電
電源に用いられているニッケルカドミウム電池１ａに
は、自己放電による電池の容量の低下を補償し常に満充
電状態を保つため、常時微小な電流を電池に流すトリク
ル充電方法が用いられている。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 shows a conventional uninterruptible power supply for trickle charging. 1a is a nickel-cadmium battery cell or assembled battery, 1b is a charging circuit, 2b is a diode, 3
Reference numeral b is a DC power source, 4b is a DC / DC converter, and 5b is a load. In the uninterruptible power supply of FIG. 7, normally, the DC power supply 3b supplies DC power to the load 5b via the DC / DC converter 4b. At the same time, the DC power supply 3b constantly supplies the charging current to the battery 1a via the charging circuit 1b. On the other hand, when the DC power supply 3b fails, the battery 1a supplies DC power to the load 5b via the diode 2b and the DC / DC converter 4b. Here, in the nickel-cadmium battery 1a used for this uninterruptible power supply, there is a trickle charging method in which a minute current is constantly supplied to the battery in order to compensate for a decrease in battery capacity due to self-discharge and always maintain a fully charged state. It is used.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来のトリクル充電で
は、電池に常時電流を流しているために、電池にとって
は過充電状態が長時間続く。この結果、電池の電解液や
電極板の劣化を促進し電池寿命が短くなるという問題が
発生する。このため、逆にトリクル充電によっても寿命
が短くならない、トリクル充電用の電池を使用する必要
があるが、トリクル充電用電池は通常のサイクル充電用
電池と比較してセパレータの厚さを増したり電極に添加
物を加えて強化しているために、高価であるなどの問題
がある。In the conventional trickle charging, an overcharged state continues for a long time for the battery because a current is constantly applied to the battery. As a result, there arises a problem that the battery life is shortened by promoting the deterioration of the electrolyte solution and electrode plate of the battery. For this reason, conversely, it is necessary to use a battery for trickle charging, whose life is not shortened by trickle charging.However, a battery for trickle charging has a larger separator thickness and electrodes than a battery for normal cycle charging. Since it is strengthened by adding an additive to it, there is a problem that it is expensive.
【０００４】本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、電流を常時流して満充電状態を維持するのではな
く、満充電後に開回路状態にし、自己放電等によって低
下する電池容量を温度を考慮して検出し、ある容量まで
低下した段階で充電を開始し、満充電状態を回復させる
といった間欠充電を行うことにより、比較的安価なサイ
クル用のニッカド電池や高容量でカドミウム等の環境を
汚染する物質を使用しないニッケル水素電池を無停電電
源の予備電源として使用することを可能とする電池の残
存容量検出回路および間欠充電回路を提供することを目
的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. Instead of constantly flowing a current to maintain a fully charged state, an open circuit state is set after a fully charged state, and the battery capacity that decreases due to self-discharge or the like decreases with temperature. In consideration of this, intermittent charging such as starting charging when the capacity has dropped to a certain capacity and recovering the fully charged state is performed, so that a relatively inexpensive cycle nickel-cadm battery or a high-capacity environment such as cadmium. It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery residual capacity detection circuit and an intermittent charging circuit that enable a nickel-hydrogen battery that does not use a substance that pollutes the battery to be used as a standby power supply of an uninterruptible power supply.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明では、まず、ニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケ
ル水素電池の残存容量検出の手段として、ニッケルカド
ミウム電池やニッケル水素電池の組電池において、前記
組電池の開回路電圧と残存容量の関係を示す表データを
あらかじめ用意し、前記組電池の開回路電圧の測定値と
前記表データ群とを比較することによって、前記組電池
の残存容量を決定する。In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, first, as a means for detecting the remaining capacity of a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery, in the assembled battery of the nickel-cadmium battery or the nickel-hydrogen battery, Prepare table data showing the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the assembled battery and the remaining capacity in advance, and determine the remaining capacity of the assembled battery by comparing the measured value of the open circuit voltage of the assembled battery with the table data group. To do.
【０００６】また、残存容量と前記組電池の開回路電圧
の関係を示す表データ群が前記組電池の温度と共に変化
するので、表データ群を２種類以上の前記組電池の温度
について用意し、前記組電池の測定温度に一番近い前記
表データ群と前記組電池の開回路電圧の測定値とを比較
するか、もしくは電池の測定温度と同じ温度を持った表
データ群を得るために数値補間を用いて計算した表デー
タ群と開回路電圧の測定値とを比較することにより、前
記組電池のより正確な残存容量の検出を行う。Further, since the table data group showing the relationship between the remaining capacity and the open circuit voltage of the battery pack changes with the temperature of the battery pack, a table data group is prepared for two or more kinds of battery pack temperatures, Numerical value to compare the table data group closest to the measured temperature of the assembled battery and the measured value of the open circuit voltage of the assembled battery, or to obtain a table data group having the same temperature as the measured temperature of the battery. By comparing the table data group calculated by using the interpolation with the measured value of the open circuit voltage, more accurate detection of the remaining capacity of the assembled battery is performed.
【０００７】さらに、ニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケ
ル水素電池は、残存容量１００％から７５％の範囲内で
開回路電圧が比較的大きく変化するので、残存容量１０
０％から７５％の範囲内の残存容量の検出が精度良くで
きる。Further, in the nickel-cadmium battery and the nickel-hydrogen battery, the open circuit voltage changes relatively greatly within the range of the remaining capacity of 100% to 75%.
It is possible to accurately detect the remaining capacity within the range of 0% to 75%.
【０００８】以上の残存容量検出の手段を用いて、前記
組電池の残存容量を測定し、前記電池の残存容量が所定
の値まで低下した段階で、前記組電池の充電を開始し、
満充電状態に回復させ、再び開回路状態に戻し、前記手
段によって容量低下を検出するまで待機する。以上の動
作を繰り返し、常に前記組電池の容量を所定の値以上に
維持することを特徴とする。The remaining capacity of the battery pack is measured using the remaining capacity detection means described above, and when the remaining capacity of the battery drops to a predetermined value, charging of the battery pack is started.
The state of full charge is restored, the state of the open circuit is restored again, and the process waits until the capacity reduction is detected by the means. The above operation is repeated to constantly maintain the capacity of the assembled battery at a predetermined value or more.
【０００９】従来の技術とは、電池の保有電力を維持す
るのに、常時充電電流を流すのではなく、所定の値まで
残存容量が減少したことを正確に検出する点およびその
段階で再充電を行ういわゆる間欠充電を行う点が異な
る。The conventional technique is to maintain the electric power of the battery, not to constantly supply the charging current, but to accurately detect that the remaining capacity has decreased to a predetermined value and recharge at that stage. The difference is that so-called intermittent charging is performed.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明ではニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケル
水素電池の自己放電による容量の低下の検出手段として
残存容量検出回路を用いている。この残存容量検出回路
は、開回路状態にあるニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケ
ル水素電池の組電池において、前記組電池の残存容量と
放電電池の開回路電圧との表データ群を前もって用意
し、前記組電池の開回路電圧の測定値と前記表データ群
を比較することにより、前記組電池の残存容量を検出す
る。また、前記組電池の温度が変化した場合の残存容量
の補正の手段としては、前記組電池の使用温度範囲内の
表データ群を多数用意しておき、実際に前記組電池の残
存容量を測定する段階で、前記組電池の測定温度にいち
ばん近い表データ群または数値補間により計算された表
データ群と前記組電池の開回路電圧とを比較することに
よって、正確な前記組電池の残存容量の検出を行う。さ
らに、ニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケル水素電池で
は、残存容量１００％から７５％の範囲内で開回路電圧
が比較的大きく変化するので、残存容量１００％から７
５％の範囲内において、精度良く残存容量の決定を行う
ことができる。In the present invention, the remaining capacity detecting circuit is used as a means for detecting the decrease in capacity due to self-discharge of the nickel-cadmium battery or the nickel-hydrogen battery. This remaining capacity detection circuit is a battery pack of a nickel cadmium battery or a nickel hydride battery in an open circuit state, and a table data group of the remaining capacity of the battery pack and the open circuit voltage of the discharge battery is prepared in advance. The remaining capacity of the battery pack is detected by comparing the measured value of the open circuit voltage with the table data group. Further, as means for correcting the remaining capacity when the temperature of the assembled battery changes, a large number of table data groups within the operating temperature range of the assembled battery are prepared and the remaining capacity of the assembled battery is actually measured. In the step, by comparing the table data group closest to the measured temperature of the battery pack or the table data group calculated by numerical interpolation and the open circuit voltage of the battery pack, the accurate remaining capacity of the battery pack is calculated. Detect. Further, in the nickel-cadmium battery and the nickel-hydrogen battery, the open circuit voltage changes relatively greatly within the range of 100% to 75% of the remaining capacity, so that the remaining capacity of 100% to 7%.
The remaining capacity can be accurately determined within the range of 5%.
【００１１】以上のような機能を有する残存容量検出回
路によって、前記組電池の残存容量を測定し、電池の残
存容量が所定の値まで低下した段階で、前記組電池の再
充電を開始し、満充電状態を回復させるリサイクル動作
を行うことが可能となり、間欠充電による充電を行うこ
とが出来るようになる。The remaining capacity of the assembled battery is measured by the remaining capacity detection circuit having the above-mentioned function, and when the remaining capacity of the battery is reduced to a predetermined value, recharging of the assembled battery is started, It becomes possible to perform a recycling operation for recovering the fully charged state, and it becomes possible to perform charging by intermittent charging.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】以下図面を参照して本発明の実施例を詳細に
説明する。図１は本発明の請求項１に対応する残存容量
検出回路であって、１ａは少なくとも１個以上のニッケ
ルカドミウム電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構成
される組電池、２ａが電圧計、３ａは比較回路（演算回
路）、４ａはメモリ回路である。前記組電池１ａは高イ
ンピーダンスの端子を持つ電圧計２ａと接続されている
場合、組電池１ａは開回路状態と見なすことができる。
比較回路３ａは演算機能を有するプログラム回路であ
り、残存容量（Ｑ）と開回路電圧（Ｖ）の関係を示す表
データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）群と電圧計２ａで測定された前記組電
池１ａの開回路電圧の測定値Ｅを入力して、Ｅ＝Ｖとな
るときのＱの値を出力するようにプログラムする。Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a remaining capacity detection circuit according to claim 1 of the present invention, in which 1a is an assembled battery composed of at least one nickel cadmium battery or nickel hydrogen battery, 2a is a voltmeter, and 3a is a comparison circuit. (Arithmetic circuit) 4a is a memory circuit. When the assembled battery 1a is connected to the voltmeter 2a having a high impedance terminal, the assembled battery 1a can be regarded as an open circuit state.
The comparison circuit 3a is a program circuit having an arithmetic function, and is a group of table data (V, Q) showing the relationship between the remaining capacity (Q) and the open circuit voltage (V) and the assembled battery 1a measured by the voltmeter 2a. Input the measured value E of the open circuit voltage and program it to output the value of Q when E = V.
【００１３】図２は、単体のニッケルカドミウム電池の
１００％から０％までの残存容量（Ｑ）と開回路電圧
（Ｖ）の関係を示す表データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）群をグラフ化し
たものである。前記表データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）群をあらかじめ
前記メモリ回路４ａに記憶させておき、前記比較回路３
ａに前記表データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）群と開回路電圧の測定値
（Ｅ）を入力し、Ｖ＝ＥとなるときのＱの値を決定し、
残存容量（Ｑ）として出力する。FIG. 2 is a graph showing a table data (V, Q) group showing the relationship between the remaining capacity (Q) from 100% to 0% and the open circuit voltage (V) of a single nickel cadmium battery. is there. The table data (V, Q) group is stored in the memory circuit 4a in advance, and the comparison circuit 3
Input the above table data (V, Q) group and the measured value (E) of the open circuit voltage to a, determine the value of Q when V = E,
The remaining capacity (Q) is output.
【００１４】図３は本発明の請求項２に対応する残存容
量検出回路であって、１ａは少なくとも１個以上のニッ
ケルカドミウム電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構
成される組電池、２ａが電圧計、３ａは比較回路（演算
回路）、４ａはメモリ回路、５ａは温度計である。前記
組電池１ａは高インピーダンスの端子を持つ電圧計２ａ
と接続されている場合、組電池１ａは開回路状態と見な
すことができる。図４は、単体のニッケルカドミウム電
池の１００％から７５％までの二次電池の残存容量
（％）と電池の開回路電圧（Ｖ）の関係のデータを１０
度から５０度までの５種類の温度（Ｔ）を変化させて測
定したときのデータをグラフ化したものである。図４の
前記電池の温度（ＴA ）と開回路電圧（Ｖ）と残存容量
（Ｑ）との関係を示す表データ（ＴA 、Ｖ、Ｑ）群をあ
らかじめメモリ回路４ａに記憶させておく。比較回路３
ａは演算機能を有するプログラム回路であり、その演算
方法としては２通りある。一つは、前記組電池１ａの電
池温度ＴB に一番近い表データ（ＴA 、Ｖ、Ｑ）群を選
択して取り出し、その表データ群と前記組電池１ａの開
回路電圧Ｅとの比較によりＱを決定する。もう一つは、
前記組電池１ａの電池温度ＴB がＴA1＜ＴB ＜ＴA2の関
係となる時の表データ（ＴA1、Ｖ1 、Ｑ1 ）群と表デー
タ（ＴA2、Ｖ2 、Ｑ2 ）群を抽出し、前記の２つの表デ
ータ（ＴA1、Ｖ1、Ｑ1 ）群と表データ（ＴA2、Ｖ2 、
Ｑ2 ）群から数値補間によって前記組電池の温度がＴB
＝ＴA12 となる時の表データ（ＴA12 、Ｖ12、Ｑ12）群
を新たに導きだし、前記組電池の開回路電圧の測定値
（Ｅ）と前記表データ（ＴA12 、Ｖ12、Ｑ12）群との比
較を行うことによって残存容量（Ｑ）を決定する。数値
補間の例として線形補間を行う場合の関係式は以下のよ
うに表すことができる。FIG. 3 shows a remaining capacity detecting circuit according to a second aspect of the present invention, wherein 1a is an assembled battery composed of at least one nickel cadmium battery or nickel hydrogen battery, 2a is a voltmeter, and 3a is a battery. Is a comparison circuit (arithmetic circuit), 4a is a memory circuit, and 5a is a thermometer. The assembled battery 1a is a voltmeter 2a having a high impedance terminal.
When connected to the battery pack 1a, the assembled battery 1a can be regarded as an open circuit state. FIG. 4 shows data of the relationship between the residual capacity (%) of the secondary battery and the open circuit voltage (V) of the battery from 100% to 75% of the single nickel cadmium battery.
It is a graph of data when measured by changing five kinds of temperatures (T) from 0 to 50 degrees. The table data (T A , V, Q) group showing the relationship between the temperature (T A ) of the battery, the open circuit voltage (V) and the remaining capacity (Q) in FIG. 4 is stored in advance in the memory circuit 4a. . Comparison circuit 3
Reference numeral a is a program circuit having a calculation function, and there are two calculation methods. One is the battery pack 1a battery temperature T closest table data B of (T A, V, Q) is taken out by selecting the group, the open circuit voltage E of the battery pack 1a and the table data group Determine Q by comparison. the other one is,
Table data (T A1 , V 1 , Q 1 ) group and table data (T A2 , V 2 , Q 2 ) when the battery temperature T B of the assembled battery 1a has a relationship of T A1 <T B <T A2. A group is extracted, and the two table data (T A1 , V 1 , Q 1 ) and the table data (T A2 , V 2 ,
From the Q 2 ) group, the temperature of the assembled battery is T B by numerical interpolation.
= T A12 , a group of table data (T A12 , V 12 , Q 12 ) is newly derived, and the measured value (E) of the open circuit voltage of the battery pack and the table data (T A12 , V 12 , The remaining capacity (Q) is determined by making a comparison with the Q 12 ) group. A relational expression when linear interpolation is performed as an example of numerical interpolation can be expressed as follows.
【００１５】 Ｖ12＝（ＴA2Ｖ1 ＋ＴA1Ｖ2 ）／（ＴA1＋ＴA2） Ｑ12＝（ＴA2Ｑ1 ＋ＴA1Ｑ2 ）／（ＴA1＋ＴA2） 上記の関係式を使用することによって、前記組電池１ａ
の電池温度がＴA12 の時の表データ（ＴA12 、Ｖ12、Ｑ
12）群を算出し、その表データ群と前記組電池１ａの開
回路電圧Ｅとの比較によって残存容量Ｑを決定する。以
上、２通りの方式のどちらかの方式を比較回路３ａにプ
ログラムする。この比較回路３ａに組電池１ａの温度Ｔ
B と開回路電圧Ｅとメモリ回路４ａの表データ群を入力
して前記の演算を行うことにより、残存容量（Ｑ）を求
めることができる。V 12 = (T A2 V 1 + T A1 V 2 ) / (T A1 + T A2 ) Q 12 = (T A2 Q 1 + T A1 Q 2 ) / (T A1 + T A2 ) Using the above relational expression As a result, the assembled battery 1a
Table data when the battery temperature is T A12 (T A12 , V 12 , Q
12 ) A group is calculated, and the remaining capacity Q is determined by comparing the table data group with the open circuit voltage E of the assembled battery 1a. As described above, one of the two methods is programmed in the comparison circuit 3a. The temperature T of the battery pack 1a is added to the comparison circuit 3a.
The remaining capacity (Q) can be obtained by inputting B , the open circuit voltage E, and the table data group of the memory circuit 4a and performing the above calculation.
【００１６】図５は単体のニッケルカドミウム電池の１
００％から０％までの残存容量（Ｑ）と開回路電圧
（Ｖ）の関係を示す表データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）群をグラフ化し
たものである。図５より、残存容量１００％から７５％
の範囲内において前記の電池の開回路電圧の急激な変化
が見られる。したがって、残存容量１００％から７５％
の範囲内に限定した残存容量の検出を行う場合、残存容
量の値の変化に対する開回路電圧の変化が大きいので、
残存容量を精度よく決定することができる。FIG. 5 shows a single nickel cadmium battery 1
It is a graph of a table data (V, Q) group showing the relationship between the remaining capacity (Q) and the open circuit voltage (V) from 00% to 0%. From Figure 5, 100% to 75% remaining capacity
Within the range, a sharp change in the open circuit voltage of the battery is observed. Therefore, the remaining capacity of 100% to 75%
When detecting the remaining capacity limited to the range of, since the change of the open circuit voltage with respect to the change of the value of the remaining capacity is large,
The remaining capacity can be accurately determined.
【００１７】図６は本発明の請求項４に対応する図であ
って、１ａは少なくとも１個以上のニッケルカドミウム
電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構成される組電
池、２ａは電圧計、３ａは比較回路（演算回路）、４ａ
はメモリ回路、５ａは温度計、１ｂは充電電流発生回
路、２ｂはダイオード、３ｂは直流電源、４ｂはＤＣ／
ＤＣコンバータ、５ｂは負荷である。通常の動作では、
直流電源３ｂからＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４ｂを介して負
荷５ｂに直流電力を供給している。そして、直流電源３
ｂの電圧が組電池１ａの電圧より高い場合、ダイオード
２ｂには逆方向電圧が印加されるためにオフの状態とな
るので、組電池１ａは開回路状態である。直流電源３ｂ
からの電力が停止した場合、ダイオード２ｂにかかる電
圧は順方向になるので、ダイオード２ｂはオンとなり、
組電池１ａからＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ４ｂを通して負荷
５ｂに電力が供給される。今、組電池１ａの充電状態を
ある容量以上（例えばＱP ＝８０％以上）に維持する方
法を以下に説明する。直流電源３ｂから負荷５ｂに電力
が供給されている時、ダイオード２ｂはオフ状態である
ので、組電池１ａは開回路状態である。その状態で組電
池１ａを図１〜図５に示す残存容量検出回路を用いて残
存容量を常時監視し、その残存容量のデータＱを充電電
流発生回路１ｂに送っている。組電池１ａの残存容量が
例えば８０％まで低下した段階で、充電電流発生回路１
ｂは充電動作を始め、満充電に達した段階で、充電を停
止し前記組電池１ａを開回路状態にする。以上の一連の
開回路状態と充電動作を繰り返すことにより、常に組電
池１ａの充電状態を８０％以上に保つことができる。FIG. 6 is a diagram corresponding to claim 4 of the present invention, in which 1a is an assembled battery composed of at least one nickel-cadmium battery or nickel-hydrogen battery, 2a is a voltmeter, and 3a is a comparison circuit. (Arithmetic circuit) 4a
Is a memory circuit, 5a is a thermometer, 1b is a charging current generating circuit, 2b is a diode, 3b is a DC power source, and 4b is DC /.
The DC converter, 5b is a load. In normal operation,
DC power is supplied from the DC power supply 3b to the load 5b via the DC / DC converter 4b. And DC power supply 3
When the voltage of b is higher than the voltage of the assembled battery 1a, the diode 2b is turned off because the reverse voltage is applied, and thus the assembled battery 1a is in the open circuit state. DC power supply 3b
When the power from the device is stopped, the voltage applied to the diode 2b is in the forward direction, so the diode 2b is turned on,
Electric power is supplied from the assembled battery 1a to the load 5b through the DC / DC converter 4b. Now, a method for maintaining the state of charge of the assembled battery 1a at a certain capacity or more (for example, Q P = 80% or more) will be described below. When the power is supplied from the DC power supply 3b to the load 5b, the diode 2b is in the off state, so the battery pack 1a is in the open circuit state. In this state, the remaining capacity of the battery pack 1a is constantly monitored by using the remaining capacity detection circuit shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, and the remaining capacity data Q is sent to the charging current generation circuit 1b. When the remaining capacity of the battery pack 1a drops to, for example, 80%, the charging current generating circuit 1
b starts the charging operation, and when it reaches the full charge, stops the charging and puts the assembled battery 1a into an open circuit state. By repeating the series of open circuit states and the charging operation described above, the charged state of the battery pack 1a can be constantly maintained at 80% or more.
【００１８】以上説明したように、ニッケルカドミウム
電池やニッケル水素電池の残存容量と開回路電圧との関
係を対応づける表データ群を前もって用意し、前記の電
池の開回路電圧の測定値と前記表データを比較すること
により、開回路状態にある前記組電池の残存容量を検出
することができる。As described above, a table data group for associating the relationship between the remaining capacity of the nickel-cadmium battery or the nickel-hydrogen battery and the open circuit voltage is prepared in advance, and the measured value of the open circuit voltage of the battery and the above table are prepared. By comparing the data, it is possible to detect the remaining capacity of the assembled battery in the open circuit state.
【００１９】また、前記組電池の温度が変化した場合で
も正確に残存容量を測定するために、前記組電池の使用
温度範囲内の表データ群を異なった温度について多数用
意し、実際に電池の残存容量を測定する段階で電池の温
度にいちばん近い表データ群を採用して比較に使用する
か、あるいは数値補間により電池の温度の時点での表デ
ータ群を算出して比較に使用することによって、より正
確に残存容量の測定を行うことができる。In order to accurately measure the remaining capacity even when the temperature of the battery pack changes, a large number of table data groups within the operating temperature range of the battery pack are prepared for different temperatures, and the actual battery Either adopt the table data group closest to the battery temperature at the stage of measuring the remaining capacity and use it for comparison, or calculate the table data group at the time of battery temperature by numerical interpolation and use it for comparison. Therefore, the remaining capacity can be measured more accurately.
【００２０】そして、ニッケルカドミウム電池やニッケ
ル水素電池は、残存容量１００％から７５％の範囲内で
開回路電圧が比較的大きく変化するので、残存容量１０
０％から７５％の範囲内での測定によって、精度良く残
存容量の決定を行うことができる。In the nickel-cadmium battery and the nickel-hydrogen battery, since the open circuit voltage changes relatively greatly within the range of 100% to 75% of the remaining capacity, the remaining capacity of 10%
The remaining capacity can be accurately determined by the measurement within the range of 0% to 75%.
【００２１】また、残存容量検出回路を用いた充電回路
を使用することにより、常時充電電流を流すトリクル充
電方式に代えて、残存容量がある程度低下した段階で間
欠充電を行うことができ、その結果、電池本体の負担を
軽減することができ、電池の寿命をのばすことができ
る。さらに、本実施例により、従来トリクル充電に不向
きであった、比較的安価なサイクル用ニッケルカドミウ
ム電池や高容量のニッケル水素電池を無停電電源に使用
することが可能となるという効果が得られる。Further, by using the charging circuit using the remaining capacity detecting circuit, intermittent charging can be performed when the remaining capacity is lowered to some extent, instead of the trickle charging method in which the charging current is constantly supplied. The load on the battery body can be reduced, and the battery life can be extended. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to use a relatively inexpensive nickel cadmium battery for cycling or a nickel hydrogen battery having a high capacity, which has been conventionally unsuitable for trickle charging, as an uninterruptible power supply.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように本発明によれば、電流
を常時流して満充電状態を維持するのではなく、満充電
後に開回路状態にし、自己放電等によって低下する電池
容量を温度を考慮して検出し、ある容量まで低下した段
階で充電を開始し、満充電状態を回復させるといった間
欠充電を行うことにより、比較的安価なサイクル用のニ
ッカド電池や高容量でカドミウム等の環境を汚染する物
質を使用しないニッケル水素電池を無停電電源の予備電
源として使用することを可能とする電池の残存容量検出
回路および間欠充電回路を提供することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, instead of constantly flowing a current to maintain a fully charged state, an open circuit state is set after a full charge, and the battery capacity which decreases due to self-discharging or the like is kept at a temperature. Detecting in consideration, intermittent charging such as starting charging when the capacity has dropped to a certain level and recovering the fully charged state allows the environment such as a relatively inexpensive cycle nickel-cadmium battery or a high capacity cadmium etc. It is possible to provide a battery remaining capacity detection circuit and an intermittent charging circuit that enable a nickel-hydrogen battery that does not use polluting substances to be used as a standby power supply for an uninterruptible power supply.
【図１】本発明に係る電池の残存容量検出回路の一実施
例を示す構成説明図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory view showing an embodiment of a battery remaining capacity detection circuit according to the present invention.
【図２】単体のニッケルカドミウム電池の１００％から
０％までの残存容量と開回路電圧の関係の測定データの
一例を示す特性図である。FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of measurement data of the relationship between the remaining capacity from 100% to 0% and the open circuit voltage of a single nickel-cadmium battery.
【図３】本発明に係る電池の残存容量検出回路の他の実
施例を示す構成説明図である。FIG. 3 is a structural explanatory view showing another embodiment of the battery remaining capacity detection circuit according to the present invention.
【図４】単体のニッケルカドミウム電池の１００％から
７５％までの残存容量と開回路電圧の関係の測定データ
の温度による変化の一例を示す特性図である。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of changes in measured data of the relationship between the remaining capacity and the open circuit voltage from 100% to 75% of a single nickel-cadmium battery.
【図５】単体のニッケルカドミウム電池の１００％から
０％までの残存容量と開回路電圧の関係の測定データの
一例を示す特性図である。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of measured data of the relationship between the remaining capacity and the open circuit voltage from 100% to 0% of a single nickel-cadmium battery.
【図６】本発明に係る電池の間欠充電回路の一実施例を
示す構成説明図である。FIG. 6 is a structural explanatory view showing an embodiment of an intermittent charging circuit for a battery according to the present invention.
【図７】従来のトリクル充電を行う無停電電源の一例を
示す構成説明図である。FIG. 7 is a configuration explanatory view showing an example of a conventional uninterruptible power supply for performing trickle charging.
１ａ…少なくとも１個以上のニッケルカドミウム電池ま
たはニッケル水素電池によって構成される組電池、２ａ
…電圧計、３ａ…比較回路、４ａ…メモリ回路、５ａ…
温度計、１ｂ…充電電流発生回路、２ｂ…ダイオード、
３ｂ…直流電源、４ｂ…ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、５ｂ…
負荷。1a ... Battery composed of at least one or more nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries, 2a
... Voltmeter, 3a ... Comparison circuit, 4a ... Memory circuit, 5a ...
Thermometer, 1b ... Charging current generating circuit, 2b ... Diode,
3b ... DC power supply, 4b ... DC / DC converter, 5b ...
load.
Claims (4)
ム電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構成される組電
池と、前記組電池の開回路電圧を測定する電圧計と、前
記組電池の開回路電圧と残存容量との関係を対応付けた
表データ群を記憶するメモリ回路と、前記電圧計で測定
された開回路電圧と前記メモリ回路内の表データ群との
比較を行う比較回路とを有し、 前記組電池の残存容量（Ｑ）とその残存容量の時の開回
路電圧（Ｖ）との関係を対応づけた前記表データ（Ｖ、
Ｑ）群を前記メモリ回路に記憶させておき、前記組電池
の開回路電圧の測定値（Ｅ）と前記表データ（Ｖ、Ｑ）
群を前記比較回路に入力して、Ｅ＝Ｖの時の残存容量
（Ｑ）の値を前記表データから抽出することにより、前
記組電池の残存容量（Ｑ）を求めることを特徴とする残
存容量検出回路。1. An assembled battery composed of at least one or more nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries, a voltmeter for measuring an open-circuit voltage of the assembled battery, an open-circuit voltage of the assembled battery, and a remaining capacity. A memory circuit for storing a table data group associated with the relationship, and a comparison circuit for comparing the open circuit voltage measured by the voltmeter and the table data group in the memory circuit, the assembled battery Of the table data (V, V), which correlates the relationship between the remaining capacity (Q) of the battery and the open circuit voltage (V) at the time of the remaining capacity.
The group Q) is stored in the memory circuit, and the measured value (E) of the open circuit voltage of the battery pack and the table data (V, Q) are stored.
The remaining capacity is obtained by inputting a group to the comparison circuit and extracting the value of the remaining capacity (Q) when E = V from the table data to determine the remaining capacity (Q) of the assembled battery. Capacitance detection circuit.
ム電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構成される組電
池と、前記組電池の開回路電圧を測定する電圧計と、前
記組電池の温度を測定する温度計と、前記組電池の開回
路電圧と残存容量との関係を対応付けた表データ群を記
憶するメモリ回路と、前記電圧計で測定された開回路電
圧と前記メモリ回路内の表データ群との比較を行う比較
回路とを有し、 前記組電池の温度（ＴA ）が異なる場合の開回路電圧
（Ｖ）と残存容量（Ｑ）との関係の表データ（ＴA 、
Ｖ、Ｑ）群を少なくとも２種類以上の温度について前記
メモリ回路に記憶させておき、前記組電池の測定温度
（ＴB ）に最も近い前記表データ（ＴA 、Ｖ、Ｑ）群と
前記組電池の開回路電圧の測定値（Ｅ）とによって比較
を行うことによって残存容量（Ｑ）を決定するか、もし
くは、前記組電池の測定温度（ＴB ）がＴA1＜ＴB ＜Ｔ
A2の関係となる時の表データ（ＴA1、Ｖ1 、Ｑ1 ）群と
表データ（ＴA2、Ｖ2 、Ｑ2 ）群を抽出し、前記の２つ
の表データ（ＴA1、Ｖ1 、Ｑ1 ）群と表データ（ＴA2、
Ｖ2 、Ｑ2 ）群から数値補間によって前記組電池の温度
がＴB ＝ＴA12 となる時の表データ（ＴA12 、Ｖ12、Ｑ
12）群を新たに導き出し、前記組電池の開回路電圧の測
定値（Ｅ）と前記の表データ（ＴA12 、Ｖ12、Ｑ12）群
とを比較することによって残存容量（Ｑ）を決定するこ
とによって前記組電池の残存容量（Ｑ）を求めることを
特徴とする残存容量検出回路。2. An assembled battery composed of at least one or more nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries, a voltmeter for measuring the open circuit voltage of the assembled battery, and a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the assembled battery. , A memory circuit storing a table data group in which the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the battery pack and the remaining capacity is associated, and a comparison between the open circuit voltage measured by the voltmeter and the table data group in the memory circuit and a comparator circuit for performing, table data (T a relationship between the temperature (T a) the open circuit voltage when different (V) and the remaining capacity (Q) of the battery pack,
V, Q) groups are stored in the memory circuit for at least two types of temperatures, and the table data (T A , V, Q) groups closest to the measured temperature (T B ) of the assembled battery and the groups are stored. The remaining capacity (Q) is determined by comparing with the measured value (E) of the open circuit voltage of the battery, or the measured temperature (T B ) of the battery pack is T A1 <T B <T
The table data (T A1 , V 1 , Q 1 ) group and the table data (T A2 , V 2 , Q 2 ) group when there is a relationship of A2 are extracted, and the two table data (T A1 , V 1 ) are extracted. , Q 1 ) group and tabular data (T A2 ,
Table data (T A12 , V 12 , Q) when the temperature of the assembled battery is T B = T A12 by numerical interpolation from the V 2 , Q 2 ) group.
12 ) A new group is derived and the remaining capacity (Q) is determined by comparing the measured value (E) of the open circuit voltage of the assembled battery with the table data (T A12 , V 12 , Q 12 ) group. The remaining capacity detecting circuit is characterized in that the remaining capacity (Q) of the assembled battery is obtained by performing the above.
ム電池またはニッケル水素電池によって構成される組電
池の前記残存容量（Ｑ）を１００％から７５％の範囲内
で検出することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の残存
容量検出回路。3. The residual capacity (Q) of an assembled battery composed of at least one or more nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries is detected within a range of 100% to 75%. Alternatively, the remaining capacity detection circuit described in 2.
充電から自己放電等による内部放電によって所定の容量
まで低下したことを検出する請求項１、２又は３記載の
残存容量検出回路と、 この残存容量検出回路からの検出信号をトリガとして、
前記組電池に対して充電を開始し、前記組電池を満充電
の状態に回復させ、再び前記組電池を開回路状態にし残
存容量が所定の容量に低下するまで待機する動作を繰り
返すことによって、前記組電池の残存容量を常に所定の
容量以上に保つ充電電流発生回路とを具備することを特
徴とする間欠充電回路。4. The remaining capacity detection circuit according to claim 1, 2 or 3 for detecting that the capacity of the assembled battery placed in the open circuit state has decreased to a predetermined capacity due to internal discharge such as self-discharge from full charge. With this detection signal from the remaining capacity detection circuit as a trigger,
By starting charging to the assembled battery, restoring the assembled battery to a fully charged state, and putting the assembled battery into an open circuit state again and waiting until the remaining capacity decreases to a predetermined capacity, by repeating the operation, An intermittent charging circuit, comprising: a charging current generating circuit that constantly maintains the remaining capacity of the assembled battery at a predetermined capacity or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6213479A JPH0878065A (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1994-09-07 | Remaining capacity detection circuit and intermittent charging circuit for battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6213479A JPH0878065A (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1994-09-07 | Remaining capacity detection circuit and intermittent charging circuit for battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0878065A true JPH0878065A (en) | 1996-03-22 |
Family
ID=16639886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6213479A Pending JPH0878065A (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1994-09-07 | Remaining capacity detection circuit and intermittent charging circuit for battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0878065A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999017392A1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for measuring residual capacity of secondary cell having nickel hydroxide positive plate |
| US6097176A (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-08-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for managing back-up power source |
| EP1100170A2 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2001-05-16 | Makita Corporation | Battery charging device |
| KR101308280B1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-09-13 | (주)아이비티 | Method and apparatus for charging bettery used for UPS |
-
1994
- 1994-09-07 JP JP6213479A patent/JPH0878065A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999017392A1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for measuring residual capacity of secondary cell having nickel hydroxide positive plate |
| US6265877B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2001-07-24 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for determining an end of discharge voltage for a secondary battery |
| US6097176A (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-08-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for managing back-up power source |
| EP1100170A2 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2001-05-16 | Makita Corporation | Battery charging device |
| KR101308280B1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-09-13 | (주)아이비티 | Method and apparatus for charging bettery used for UPS |
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