JPH0825732B2 - Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles - Google Patents

Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles

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Publication number
JPH0825732B2
JPH0825732B2 JP2132834A JP13283490A JPH0825732B2 JP H0825732 B2 JPH0825732 B2 JP H0825732B2 JP 2132834 A JP2132834 A JP 2132834A JP 13283490 A JP13283490 A JP 13283490A JP H0825732 B2 JPH0825732 B2 JP H0825732B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon particles
porous carbon
water
weight
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP2132834A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0426511A (en
Inventor
千鶴浩 白石
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
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Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2132834A priority Critical patent/JPH0825732B2/en
Publication of JPH0426511A publication Critical patent/JPH0426511A/en
Publication of JPH0825732B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0825732B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、主に土壌改良あるいは水処理用として効用
性の高い低密度多孔質炭素粒の製造方法に関する。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing low-density porous carbon particles, which is highly effective mainly for soil improvement or water treatment.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

植物にとって有用な微生物が土壌中で生育し易い環境
をつくる土壌改良手段として、古来から焼き畑農業がお
こなわれている。これは焼き畑作業後に残留する炭が本
来的に有している優れた通水性や保水性が微生物の生育
に適しており、また有機物が含まれていない関係で腐生
性の微生物や病原微生物が侵入せず、アルカリ性である
ためカビの発生も抑制されるといった多様の効能がある
からである。
Slash-and-burn agriculture has been performed since ancient times as a soil improving means for creating an environment in which microorganisms useful for plants easily grow in soil. This is because the charcoal remaining after slash-and-burn operation is inherently excellent in water permeability and water retention, and is suitable for the growth of microorganisms. This is because it has various effects such that it does not invade and its mold is suppressed because it is alkaline.

従来、土壌改良を目的とする炭素材料としては木炭、
ノコ屑炭、樹皮炭、椰子殻炭、藁炭、籾殻燻炭などが一
般的なものとして知られており、土壌中において根粒
菌、VA菌根菌などの共生微生物を増殖させる働きをする
とみられている。炭化物が存在すると、これら菌類の感
染率と胞子形成量が多くなり、リン成分などの吸収力が
増して作物の生育を促進するという見方もある。
Conventionally, charcoal is used as a carbon material for soil improvement,
Sawdust charcoal, bark charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, straw charcoal, husk husk charcoal, etc. are known as common ones, and they are thought to function to grow symbiotic microorganisms such as rhizobia and VA mycorrhizal fungi in soil. Has been. There is also a view that the presence of charcoal increases the infection rate of these fungi and the amount of spore formation, increases the absorption of phosphorus components and promotes the growth of crops.

この種の土壌改良材には性能的に、土壌の通気性、
透水性を改良する、適度の保水性を有する、土壌中
で保肥力がある、土壌の酸・アルカリ調整機能があ
る、土壌中で酸素(空気)の保有性が高い、等の項目
が要求されるが、これを炭素材としての特性・性状に置
き換えてみると、空隙率および比表面積の高い低密度多
孔質構造を有しながら容易に破粒しない粒状体であり、
性状として内部骨格が軟質な多孔組織であり、外殻は比
較的硬質の炭素層で覆われている形態が理想的なものと
なる。
This type of soil conditioner has performance, soil permeability,
Items such as improving water permeability, having appropriate water retention, having fertilizing ability in soil, having acid / alkali control function of soil, having high oxygen (air) retention in soil are required. However, when replacing it with the characteristics and properties as a carbon material, it is a granular body that does not break easily while having a low density porous structure with high porosity and high specific surface area,
Ideally, the inner skeleton has a soft porous structure and the outer shell is covered with a relatively hard carbon layer.

他方、多孔質炭素粒は活性炭として水処理用に多量消
費されている。この場合の効能としては、処理水中の被
除去物質を吸着分離する物理的作用のほかに、組織ポア
内に付着増殖させた微生物を活用するバイオリアクター
的な作用があるが、該バイオリアクター基材として利用
する多孔質炭素粒についても前記土壌改良材と同様の特
性・性状が要求される。
On the other hand, a large amount of porous carbon particles are consumed as activated carbon for water treatment. The effects in this case include, in addition to the physical action of adsorbing and separating the substance to be removed in the treated water, the action of a bioreactor utilizing microorganisms adhered and grown in tissue pores. The same characteristics and properties as those of the soil improving material are required for the porous carbon particles used as.

しかしながら、従来の多孔質炭素材を製造する技術で
上記の特性・性状を満足するものは見当らない。
However, none of the conventional techniques for producing a porous carbon material satisfy the above characteristics and properties.

すなわち、ノコ屑、藁などを低温度で炭化すると軟質
の多孔質組織を形成することができるが、骨格が崩れ易
いため複雑なポアが容易に消失してしまう欠点がある。
この点、籾殻や椰子殻を炭化したものは比較的硬い炭素
体に転化するが、ポアが微細過ぎて有効な機能特性が付
与されない難点がある。また、前記のような植物系物質
の粉末あるいはこれを炭化した粉末を原料とし、ター
ル、ピッチ等のバインダーを用いて成形したのち炭化す
る方法も知られているが、この方法の場合にはバインダ
ー成分が骨格内部に残留した状態で炭化するためポアを
閉塞化する問題点がある。
That is, when sawdust, straw, etc. are carbonized at a low temperature, a soft porous tissue can be formed, but the skeleton easily collapses, so that a complicated pore easily disappears.
In this respect, carbonized rice husks and coconut shells are converted into relatively hard carbon bodies, but the pores are too fine to provide effective functional characteristics. Further, a powder of the above-mentioned plant-based material or a powder obtained by carbonizing this is used as a raw material, and a method of molding after using a binder such as tar or pitch and then carbonizing is also known. There is a problem that the pores are closed because the components are carbonized while remaining inside the skeleton.

このほかに、石炭、ピッチコークスのような鉱物系の
土壌改良炭素材が商品化された例もあるが、見掛け比重
が0.7g/ccと高密度で硬質なタイプであり、性状的に好
ましくない。
In addition to these, there are examples of commercializing mineral-based soil-improving carbon materials such as coal and pitch coke, but the apparent specific gravity is 0.7 g / cc and it is a high-density and hard type, which is not preferable in terms of properties. .

本発明者らは上記の問題点を解消する目的で、先に植
物系粉末をリグニン、澱粉もしくはこれらの混合物から
なるバインダー成分の水溶液で造粒化したのち乾燥処理
し、ついで造粒物を焼成炭化する低密度多孔質炭素粒の
製造方法を開発提供した(特願平1−159925号)。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors first granulated a plant-based powder with an aqueous solution of a binder component consisting of lignin, starch or a mixture thereof, dried it, and then baked the granulated product. We have developed and provided a method for producing carbonized low-density porous carbon particles (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-159925).

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

前記の先願技術においては、植物系粉末となじみが良
くないバインダー物質を用いて造粒することにより乾燥
過程でバインダー成分が粒表面に移行する機構を利用
し、最終的に軟質な多孔質骨格の周囲に硬質なシェル状
の炭素膜を形成する方法であり、土壌改良および水処理
用として理想的な形態を形成することが可能となる。と
ころが、この方法による場合には、バインダーの調整を
厳密におこなう必要があり、バインダー水溶液の濃度お
よび添加量が変動すると乾燥時における粒表面への移行
が均一に進まなくなって、ポアの閉塞あるいは粒強度の
偏析などを発生させる難点がある。
In the above-mentioned prior art, by utilizing a mechanism in which the binder component migrates to the particle surface in the drying process by granulating using a binder substance that is not well-suited to the plant-based powder, finally a soft porous skeleton is obtained. It is a method of forming a hard shell-like carbon film around the soil, which makes it possible to form an ideal form for soil improvement and water treatment. However, in the case of this method, it is necessary to strictly adjust the binder, and if the concentration and addition amount of the binder aqueous solution fluctuate, the migration to the grain surface during drying does not proceed uniformly, and the pores are clogged or grain There is a problem in that strength segregation occurs.

本発明はこのような現象発生の解消を図り、常に土壌
改良あるいはバイオリアクター利用の水処理用として好
適な特性・性状を備える低密度多孔質炭素粒を製造する
方法の提供を目的とするものである。
The present invention aims to provide a method for producing such low-density porous carbon particles having properties and properties suitable for soil improvement or water treatment for bioreactor use, in order to eliminate the occurrence of such a phenomenon. is there.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving the problem]

上記の目的を達成するための本発明による低密度多孔
質炭素粒の製造方法は、植物系粉末を造粒媒体に水を用
いて粒状化し、乾燥処理したのち加熱式回転ドラム中で
液状の有機高分子物質を噴霧しながら転動加熱して前記
有機高分子物質を粒表層部で硬化させ、ついで粒状体を
焼成炭化することを構成上の特徴とする。
The method for producing low-density porous carbon particles according to the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a method of granulating a plant-based powder with water as a granulating medium, and drying and then liquid organic in a heating type rotary drum. The constitutional feature is that the organic polymer substance is hardened in the surface layer of the grains by tumbling and heating while spraying the polymer substance, and then the grains are calcined and carbonized.

本発明の基材となる植物系粉末は、例えばノコ屑、間
伐材、樹皮、パルプチップ、籾殻、藁、竹などを粉砕し
たもので、粒度が200μm以下の微粉末が好適に用いら
れる。粉末粒度が200μmを越えると粒状化し難くなり
ダストの発生が多くなる。
The plant-based powder used as the base material of the present invention is obtained by crushing sawdust, thinned wood, bark, pulp chips, chaff, straw, bamboo, etc., and fine powder having a particle size of 200 μm or less is preferably used. If the particle size of the powder exceeds 200 μm, it becomes difficult to granulate, and dust is generated more often.

植物系粉末は、造粒媒体となる水とともに撹拌造粒機
に投入し、回転運動を与えて粒状化する。造粒機として
は、カーボンブラックの湿式造粒に常用されているよう
なピン型タイプのものが量産に適している。
The plant-based powder is put into a stirring granulator together with water serving as a granulating medium, and given a rotary motion to granulate. As the granulator, a pin type, which is commonly used for wet granulation of carbon black, is suitable for mass production.

この際、造粒媒体の水に、植物系粉末100重量部に対
し3重量部以下の量でキサンタンガム、グアーガムなど
の天然水溶性ガム物質を添加すると、粒子の組織が引き
締まり粒強度が向上する。しかし、前記の量を越える天
然水溶性ガム物質の添加は、細孔の閉塞化を招くため好
ましくない。
At this time, when a natural water-soluble gum substance such as xanthan gum or guar gum is added to water as the granulating medium in an amount of 3 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the plant powder, the structure of the particles becomes tight and the particle strength is improved. However, the addition of a natural water-soluble gum substance in an amount exceeding the above amount is not preferable because it causes pore clogging.

造粒物は、引き続き乾燥処理される。乾燥処理は静置
乾燥でもよく、また後工程の加熱式回転ドラムを用いて
おこなうこともできる。
The granulated product is subsequently dried. The drying treatment may be static drying, or may be performed using a heating type rotary drum in the subsequent step.

乾燥後の造粒物は加熱式回転ドラム中で液状の有機高
分子物質を噴霧しながら転動加熱する。この工程で使用
される有機高分子物質は、水あるいは通常の有機溶媒に
易溶解性で焼成時に容易に炭化して炭素殻として残留す
る性質の物質、例えばフェノール系樹脂、フラン系樹
脂、エポキシ樹脂、タール、ピッチ、リグニン、澱粉類
などから選択される。噴霧する有機高分子物質の量は、
基材となる植物系粉末100重量部に対し5〜100重量部の
範囲に設定することが好ましい。この量が5重量部未満
であると容易に破粒しない粒強度を付与することが困難
となり、また100重量部を越えると外殻炭素層が厚くな
って嵩密度を増大させ、粒内部の細孔組織を有効に生か
せなくなる。
The dried granules are rotatively heated while spraying a liquid organic polymer substance in a heating type rotary drum. The organic macromolecular substance used in this step is a substance that is easily soluble in water or an ordinary organic solvent and is easily carbonized during firing and remains as a carbon shell, for example, a phenol resin, a furan resin, an epoxy resin. , Tar, pitch, lignin, starches and the like. The amount of organic polymer substance to be sprayed is
It is preferable to set in the range of 5 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the plant-based powder as the base material. If this amount is less than 5 parts by weight, it becomes difficult to impart grain strength that does not easily break, and if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the outer shell carbon layer becomes thick and bulk density increases, resulting in fine grains inside the grains. Pore tissue cannot be used effectively.

噴霧された有機高分子物質は、該工程の転動加熱を介
して粒表層部で直ちに硬化される。
The sprayed organic polymer substance is immediately hardened in the surface layer of the particles through the rolling heating in the process.

ついで、粒状体を焼成炭化する。焼成炭化処理には、
静置炭化法、流動炭化法のいずれの方法を適用すること
ができ、とくに厳密な昇温速度の制御は必要ない。炭化
温度は1000℃以下、700〜800℃近傍の温度域が主に用い
られる。
Then, the granular material is calcined and carbonized. For firing carbonization,
Either the static carbonization method or the fluidized carbonization method can be applied, and particularly strict control of the heating rate is not required. The carbonization temperature is 1000 ° C or lower, and the temperature range around 700 to 800 ° C is mainly used.

〔作 用〕[Work]

本発明によれば、植物系粉末を水もしくは水主体の造
粒媒体で粒状化した粒を液状の有機高分子物質を噴霧し
ながら転動加熱することにより、該有機高分子物質が粒
組織の内部に浸透することなしに直ちに粒表層部で均質
に硬化固定する。この粒構造は焼成炭化の段階でそのま
まの形態で炭化されるから、軟質多孔質組織の内部骨格
部分が硬質の炭素膜で被覆され、低密度多孔質構造を有
しながら容易に破粒しない理想的性状に転化する。
According to the present invention, the plant-based powder is tumbled while being granulated with water or a water-based granulating medium while spraying a liquid organic polymer substance, whereby the organic polymer substance has a grain structure. Immediately harden and fix the grain surface layer without penetrating inside. Since this grain structure is carbonized as it is at the stage of calcination and carbonization, the internal skeleton part of the soft porous structure is covered with a hard carbon film, and it is ideal that it does not break easily even though it has a low density porous structure. Be converted into a physical property.

上記の独特な特性・性状は土壌改良および水処理用と
して極めて効果的に機能し、例えば土壌改良の目的に供
する場合には高い比表面積ならびに多孔質骨格組織が酸
素(空気)の保持および保水機能を支え、微生物、肥料
類の担持と土壌改良有効成分の吸着化に寄与する。さら
に、粒表面は比較的硬質の炭素膜によるシェル構造を形
成しているため、流動性、土中混入時の空隙性(通気
性)確保、土の団粒化促進などに作用する。
The above-mentioned unique characteristics and properties function extremely effectively for soil improvement and water treatment. For example, when used for soil improvement purposes, the high specific surface area and porous skeletal structure retain oxygen (air) and retain water. It contributes to supporting microorganisms and fertilizers and adsorbing soil-modifying active ingredients. Further, since the grain surface has a shell structure formed of a relatively hard carbon film, it acts to secure fluidity, ensure porosity (breathability) when mixed in soil, and promote soil aggregation.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と対比して説明する。 Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in comparison with comparative examples.

実施例1〜6 基材に米栂材を各種の粉末粒度に調整した木粉を用い
た。この木粉を、水または木粉100重量部当たり1重量
部のグアーガムを添加した水を造粒媒体としてピン型造
粒機により造粒処理をおこなった。
Examples 1 to 6 As the base material, wood flour prepared by adjusting the grain size of rice bran into various powder particle sizes was used. The wood flour was granulated by a pin-type granulator using water or water containing 1 part by weight of guar gum per 100 parts by weight of wood flour as a granulating medium.

造粒物を乾燥して噴霧用ノズルを装着した加熱式回転
ドラムに入れ、有機高分子物質としてフェノール樹脂の
エタノール溶液またはリグニンの水溶液を窒素ガスをキ
ャリアーとして噴霧させながら転動加熱した。この工程
の条件は、温度150℃、回転周速1m/sec.とした。
The granulated product was dried and placed in a heating type rotary drum equipped with a spraying nozzle, and was tumblingly heated while spraying an ethanol solution of phenol resin or an aqueous solution of lignin as an organic polymer using nitrogen gas as a carrier. The conditions of this step were a temperature of 150 ° C. and a rotational peripheral speed of 1 m / sec.

ついで、噴霧処理後の粒状体を窒素ガス雰囲気に保持
された焼成炉に移し、800℃または900℃の焼成温度によ
り炭化処理して低密度多孔質炭素粒を製造した。
Then, the sprayed particles were transferred to a firing furnace maintained in a nitrogen gas atmosphere and carbonized at a firing temperature of 800 ° C. or 900 ° C. to produce low density porous carbon particles.

表1に適用した条件を実施例No.に対応させて示し
た。
The conditions applied in Table 1 are shown in correspondence with Example No.

比較例 実施例1で適用した条件のうち、造粒媒体をリグニン
水溶液(木粉100重量部当たりリグニン成分20重量部)
に変えて多孔質炭素粒を製造した(特願平1−159925号
の方法に相当)。
Comparative Example Among the conditions applied in Example 1, the granulation medium was an aqueous lignin solution (20 parts by weight of lignin component per 100 parts by weight of wood flour).
To produce porous carbon particles (corresponding to the method of Japanese Patent Application No. 1-159925).

《特性評価》 表2に実施例1、5、6および比較例による造粒後の
粒度分布(%)を、表3に実施例および比較例により得
られた低密度多孔質炭素粒の各種特性を対比して示し
た。
<< Characteristics Evaluation >> Table 2 shows the particle size distribution (%) after granulation according to Examples 1, 5, 6 and Comparative Example, and Table 3 shows various characteristics of the low-density porous carbon particles obtained according to Examples and Comparative Examples. Are shown in contrast.

表2の結果から、造粒物の粒度分布は木粉の粒度が20
0μmを越える部分を含む実施例5ではダスト量が多く
なり、造粒水にグアーガムを添加した実施例6ではダス
ト量が少なくなる傾向を示した。
From the results of Table 2, the particle size distribution of the granulated product is 20 for the wood powder.
The amount of dust increased in Example 5 including the portion exceeding 0 μm, and the amount of dust decreased in Example 6 in which guar gum was added to the granulation water.

また、表3の結果から実施例による低密度多孔質炭素
粒は比較例と同等の高多孔組織構造特性を示したが、実
施例4は有機高分子物質の噴霧量が木粉100重量部当た
り100重量部を越えるため嵩密度が高くなって多孔組織
が減退する傾向が認められた。
Also, from the results of Table 3, the low-density porous carbon particles according to the example showed the same high porous structure structural characteristics as the comparative example, but in the example 4, the spray amount of the organic polymer was 100 parts by weight of wood flour. Since the amount exceeds 100 parts by weight, the bulk density is increased and the porous structure tends to be reduced.

〔発明の効果〕〔The invention's effect〕

以上のとおり、本発明によれば高い空隙率と比表面積
をもち、容易に破壊することのない粒強度を備える低密
度多孔質炭素粒を効率よく製造することが可能となる。
これらの特性・性状は、特に土壌改良材または水処理用
バイオリアクターとして理想的であり、該用途に適用し
て多大の効果が期待できる。
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently manufacture low-density porous carbon particles having a high porosity and a specific surface area and particle strength that does not easily break.
These characteristics and properties are ideal as a soil improving material or a bioreactor for water treatment, and can be expected to have a great effect when applied to the use.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】植物系粉末を造粒媒体に水を用いて粒状化
し、乾燥処理したのち加熱式回転ドラム中で液状の有機
高分子物質を噴霧しながら転動加熱して前記有機高分子
物質を粒表層部で硬化させ、ついで粒状体を焼成炭化す
ることを特徴とする低密度多孔質炭素粒の製造方法。
1. A plant-based powder is granulated with water as a granulating medium, dried, and then tumbled and heated while spraying a liquid organic polymer substance in a heating type rotary drum to produce the organic polymer substance. A method for producing low-density porous carbon particles, comprising:
【請求項2】造粒媒体の水に、植物系粉末100重量部に
対し3重量部以下の天然水溶性ガム物質を添加する請求
項1記載の低密度多孔質炭素粒の製造方法。
2. The method for producing low-density porous carbon particles according to claim 1, wherein 3 parts by weight or less of a natural water-soluble gum substance is added to 100 parts by weight of the plant-based powder in water as a granulating medium.
【請求項3】噴霧する有機高分子物質の量を、植物系粉
末100重量部に対し5〜100重量部の範囲に設定する請求
項1記載の低密度多孔質炭素粒の製造方法。
3. The method for producing low-density porous carbon particles according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the organic polymer substance to be sprayed is set in the range of 5 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the plant-based powder.
JP2132834A 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles Expired - Lifetime JPH0825732B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2132834A JPH0825732B2 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2132834A JPH0825732B2 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0426511A JPH0426511A (en) 1992-01-29
JPH0825732B2 true JPH0825732B2 (en) 1996-03-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2132834A Expired - Lifetime JPH0825732B2 (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 Method for producing low-density porous carbon particles

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0825732B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009001217A1 (en) 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Evonik Röhm Gmbh Monomer mixture, useful for preparing a polymer, which is useful to prepare a coating composition, preferably lacquers and aqueous dispersion, comprises a carbonyl group containing monomer and another carbonyl group containing monomer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0426511A (en) 1992-01-29

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