JPH08154480A - Production of plant-raising bed - Google Patents
Production of plant-raising bedInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08154480A JPH08154480A JP7185028A JP18502895A JPH08154480A JP H08154480 A JPH08154480 A JP H08154480A JP 7185028 A JP7185028 A JP 7185028A JP 18502895 A JP18502895 A JP 18502895A JP H08154480 A JPH08154480 A JP H08154480A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- woven fabric
- nonwoven fabric
- bed
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は主として、カーネーショ
ン、トルコキキョウ、ストック、カスミソウ、金魚草等
切花用の花卉栽培や、トマト、キュウリ、ナス、ピーマ
ン、さやえんどう、みつ葉、セロリ等の野菜栽培に従来
の土壌栽培を合理的に簡易化して省力化し、且つ農耕不
適地に於てもこれら植物の育成を産業として成り立たせ
得る植物育成床の製造方法、を提供するものである。[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is mainly applied to flower cultivation for cut flowers such as carnation, lisianthus, stock, gypsophila, goldfish, and to cultivate vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, eggplant, sweet pepper, pea pea, honey leaf and celery. It is intended to provide a method for producing a plant growing bed, which is capable of reasonably simplifying conventional soil cultivation to save labor, and which makes it possible to grow these plants as an industry even in an unsuitable area for agriculture.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】植物栽培方法には、土地生産力の活用を基
礎として、これに温室、ハウス、トンネル形式の施設を
設けガラス、フイルム等を被覆した施設栽培と、露地栽
培の畦面を極めて薄肉のプラスチックフイルムで被覆
（マルチング）して、土壌条件を露地条件より有利な栽
培条件をつくり、植物の生産性を高める工夫が行われて
いる。近時、土地利用型農業からの脱却を志向して、養
液栽培（水耕栽培）が無土壌栽培として一部に採り入れ
られている。土地（土壌）が持つエネルギー再生産力を
充分に活用して利用するためには地力の維持育成に古代
より人類は計り知れない工夫努力を投入して来た。現代
我々が得ている食糧の全ては、祖先の努力の結晶である
地力と言う遺産によって得ていると申して過言ではな
い。2. Description of the Related Art A plant cultivation method is based on the utilization of land productivity and is provided with greenhouses, greenhouses, tunnel type facilities and covered with glass, film and the like. It has been devised to improve the productivity of plants by covering (mulching) with the above plastic film to make cultivation conditions that are more advantageous than soil conditions in the soil conditions. Recently, hydroponics (hydroponics) has been partially adopted as soilless cultivation, aiming to break away from land-based agriculture. In order to make full use of the energy reproductive power of the land (soil), humankind has invested immeasurable efforts in maintaining and nurturing the soil since ancient times. It is no exaggeration to say that all of the food we obtain today is obtained from the heritage of the earth's power, which is the fruit of the efforts of our ancestors.
【０００３】地力の増進のために土壌作り運動が提唱さ
れ、その重要性は充分に認識されているが、その実行
は、そのために欠くことの出来ない堆厩肥造成に必要な
粗大有機物資源の確保が困難であり、これを得たとして
も、堆厩肥として成熟させることは多大の労力を要し、
現在その実行は極めて困難と言わねばならない。現在、
日本国に於いては欧米諸国よりピートモス、ヤシガラ等
を輸入し、企業的はこれらを素材として即席コンポスト
を製造し、農業者はこれを購入し、土に混ぜて培地とし
て使用しているのが現実である。A soil making movement has been advocated for the enhancement of soil fertility, and its importance has been fully recognized. However, its execution is necessary to secure the coarse organic matter resources necessary for composting. Is difficult, and even if it is obtained, it takes a lot of labor to mature it as manure,
It must be said that the implementation is extremely difficult now. Current,
In Japan, peat moss, coconut husks, etc. are imported from Western countries, and the company manufactures instant compost using these as raw materials, and farmers purchase this and use it as a medium by mixing it with soil. It is a reality.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】現在、養液栽培を中心
に無土壌栽培が提唱されているが、我国の気候風土は冬
は寒帯、夏は熱帯と言われる如くに気候変化が著しく、
北欧に発達定着した単純養液栽培の養液調節管理には細
心の管理と調節設備の整備及び温度、水質調節に多額の
資金と高度技術を必要とされ、広く一般化することはで
きにくい。これに対し、土地利用型農業の利点は土中の
腐植により発生し共存する多種多様な土中微生物の存在
が植物生育上不可欠な環境を構成し、巧みに作用調節が
行われており、この機能を利用しないことは大きな損失
である。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] At present, soilless cultivation is proposed mainly for hydroponics, but the climate of our country is such that the winter is cold and the summer is tropical.
The nutrient solution control management of simple hydroponics, which has developed and established in Northern Europe, requires a great deal of money and advanced technology for careful management and maintenance of control equipment, temperature and water quality control, and it is difficult to generalize it widely. On the other hand, the advantage of land-based agriculture is that the existence of a wide variety of coexisting soil microbes generated by humus in the soil constitutes an environment essential for plant growth, and its action is skillfully controlled. Not using the function is a big loss.
【０００５】昨今、園芸専業農家が購入使用するコンポ
スト量は１０ｔ／１０アールで、これを１０アールの畑
の表面に散布して１２〜１５ｃｍ深さの土壌に混和使用
しているが、この場合、このコンポストは７〜８％程度
に希釈利用していることになる。本発明は、このような
コンポストの希釈度を更に２〜５倍程度とした土壌を培
地として用いても効率よく植物を育成することができる
植物育成床の提供を目的とする。Recently, the amount of compost purchased and used by a horticultural specialist farm is 10 t / 10 are, and this is sprayed on the surface of a field of 10 are and mixed and used in soil with a depth of 12 to 15 cm. , This compost is used by diluting it to about 7-8%. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant growing bed capable of efficiently growing a plant even when using soil in which the dilution degree of such compost is further about 2 to 5 times as a medium.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、坪量が２０〜
１００ｇ／ｍ2 、可視光線の反射率が６０％以上、通気
性が１０〜２００秒／１００ｃｃの熱可塑性樹脂製の不
織布であって、この不織布は水蒸気は通過するが水は透
過せず、且、農作物の根は貫入できない不織布を、栽培
を予定した用地に一定の間隔をもって展張し、次いで該
不織布の中央部に作物育成用の培地を載置し、その後に
不織布の長手方向の両側部をこの培地を包み込むように
中央部に寄せ合わせ、両者を連結することによって、培
地を内包した筒型栽培床を形成することを特徴とする植
物育成床の製造方法、を提供するものである。The present invention has a basis weight of 20 to.
A non-woven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin having 100 g / m 2 , a reflectance of visible light of 60% or more, and an air permeability of 10 to 200 seconds / 100 cc. This non-woven fabric allows water vapor to pass but does not allow water to pass, and , Nonwovens that cannot penetrate the roots of agricultural crops are spread on the site where cultivation is planned at regular intervals, then a medium for growing crops is placed in the center of the nonwoven fabric, and then both sides in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabric are placed. The method for producing a plant growing bed is characterized in that a cylindrical cultivation bed containing the medium is formed by bringing the medium into the central part so as to wrap it and connecting the two together.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の概要】不織布 培地を包装する筒状物を構成する不織布は坪量が２０〜
１００ｇ／ｍ2 ，可視光反射率６０％以上、通気性が１
０〜２００秒／１００ｃｃの熱可塑性樹脂製の不織布で
あって、水蒸気は通過するが、水、液肥等の液体は透過
せず、野菜、花卉等農作物の根は貫通でしない不織布で
ある。この不織布は裏面が光吸収性の黒色で表面が光反
射性の白色又はシルバー色であり、培地をこの不織布を
以って包み込むに際しては培地に接する内面側に不織布
の黒色面、外面側を白色面となるよう形づくり、可視光
線の透過率が１０％以下となる不織布が好ましい。[Summary of the Invention] Nonwoven fabric forming a tubular material for packaging a non-woven fabric has a basis weight of 20 to
100g / m 2 , visible light reflectance 60% or more, breathability 1
A nonwoven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin of 0 to 200 seconds / 100 cc, which allows water vapor to pass therethrough, but does not allow liquid such as water and liquid fertilizer to pass therethrough, and does not allow penetration of roots of agricultural crops such as vegetables and flowers. This non-woven fabric has a black back surface that is light-absorbing and a light-reflective white or silver surface.When wrapping the medium with this non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric has a black surface on the inner surface and a white surface on the outer surface. A non-woven fabric which is shaped to have a surface and has a visible light transmittance of 10% or less is preferable.
【０００８】不織布表面の白色面は散乱光ではあるが可
視光線の反射率が６０％以上あり、育成床内温度を低
め、植物の根部成長を阻害する程には高温になり難い。
又、紫外線の反射率も高く、有翅アブラムシ、ミナミキ
イロアブラムシの飛来が少なく、ウイルス性病害発生を
最小限に抑止する。内面を黒色とすることにより、光を
できるだけこの黒色層に吸収させ、培地に届く光線を遮
断し、培地と不織布の内面との間に苔や藻類及び雑草が
発生しないようにすると共に、根の発育を促進する（実
公平６−９４１号公報）。Although the white surface of the non-woven fabric surface is scattered light, it has a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, lowers the temperature inside the growing bed, and is unlikely to reach a temperature high enough to inhibit root growth of plants.
In addition, it has a high reflectance of ultraviolet rays, less winged aphids and southern blue aphids come in, and suppresses the occurrence of viral diseases to a minimum. By making the inner surface black, light is absorbed into this black layer as much as possible, the light rays that reach the medium are blocked, and moss, algae, and weeds are not generated between the medium and the inner surface of the nonwoven fabric, and the root Promote growth (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI No. 6-941).
【０００９】不織布の素材となる熱可塑性樹脂として
は、ポリエチレン（特に高密度ポリエチレン）、ポリエ
チステル、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン等およびこれらの
共重合体を挙げることが出来る。これらの樹脂は単独
で、または混合して使用することができる。価格、白色
性能の点では高密度ポリエチレンが望ましい。不織布の
繊維の太さは、特に限定はしないが、反射率を向上させ
るには、できるだけ細いほうがよく、一般的には、０．
１〜１０μｍ程度、望ましくは５μｍ以下である。不織
布の厚さは、特に限定はしないが、作業性等を考慮する
と、０．１〜０．５ｍｍ程度が適当である。また、表面
が白色またはシルバー色の反射層であり、且つ、裏面が
黒色の光吸収層である不織布は、例えば、次の（ａ）〜
（ｅ）の方法で製造される。Examples of the thermoplastic resin used as the material of the non-woven fabric include polyethylene (particularly high-density polyethylene), polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc. and their copolymers. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture. High-density polyethylene is desirable in terms of price and white performance. The thickness of the fibers of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, but in order to improve the reflectance, it is better to be as thin as possible.
It is about 1 to 10 μm, preferably 5 μm or less. The thickness of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of workability and the like, about 0.1 to 0.5 mm is suitable. Further, a non-woven fabric having a white or silver reflective layer on the front surface and a black light-absorbing layer on the back surface is, for example, the following (a) to
It is manufactured by the method (e).
【００１０】（ａ）高密度ポリエチレンをフラッシュ紡
糸して製造した白色不織布の表面を黒（墨）色グラビア
印刷インキ、オフセット印刷インキ、スクリーン印刷イ
ンキ等の黒色インキを用いてベタ印刷する。 （ｂ）酸化チタン、硫酸バリウム等の白色顔料、アルミ
ニウム粉末を３〜１５重量％含有する熱可塑性樹脂をフ
ラッシュ紡糸法により製造した不織布と、カーボンブラ
ックを０．５から５重量％含有する熱可塑性樹脂をフラ
ッシュ紡糸法により製造した不織布とを接着剤を用いて
貼合する。 （ｃ）白色またはシルバー色の不織布の裏面を、黒
（墨）色のグラビア印刷インキ、オフセット印刷イン
キ、スクリーン印刷インキ等の黒色インキを用いてベタ
印刷する。(A) The surface of a white non-woven fabric produced by flash spinning high-density polyethylene is solid-printed with a black (black) gravure printing ink, an offset printing ink, a screen printing ink or the like. (B) Titanium oxide, white pigments such as barium sulfate, a non-woven fabric produced by a flash spinning method of a thermoplastic resin containing 3 to 15 wt% of aluminum powder, and a thermoplastic containing 0.5 to 5 wt% of carbon black. A resin and a non-woven fabric manufactured by a flash spinning method are bonded together using an adhesive. (C) The back surface of the white or silver-colored non-woven fabric is solid-printed with black ink such as black (black) gravure printing ink, offset printing ink, or screen printing ink.
【００１１】（ｄ）黒色の不織布の表面にアンカーコー
ト剤を塗布した後、アルミニウムを蒸着させる。 （ｅ）黒色の不織布の表面に、白色塗料またはアルミニ
ウム塗料を塗布し、乾燥させる。然して、不織布の坪量
を２０〜１００ｇ／ｍ2 範囲としたのは、２０ｇ／ｍ2
未満では袋状物の強度が不足するとともに、反射率が低
下してしまい、１００ｇ／ｍ2 を越えると、通気性を付
与できなくなり、コスト高となるためである。好ましい
坪量は３０〜６０ｇ／ｍ2 の範囲である。不織布の表面
の可視光線（波長４００〜８００ｎｍ）の反射率を６０
％以上としたのは、６０％未満では地温を露地のそれ以
下に保持し難しくなるためである。好ましい反射率は７
５〜１００％である。(D) After applying the anchor coating agent on the surface of the black non-woven fabric, aluminum is vapor-deposited. (E) A white paint or an aluminum paint is applied to the surface of the black non-woven fabric and dried. Thus, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric was 20 to 100 g / m 2 range, 20 g / m 2
If it is less than 100 g / m 2 , the strength of the bag is insufficient and the reflectance is lowered. If it exceeds 100 g / m 2 , air permeability cannot be imparted and the cost is increased. The preferred basis weight is in the range of 30 to 60 g / m 2 . The reflectance of visible light (wavelength 400-800 nm) on the surface of the non-woven fabric is 60
% Is more than 60% because if it is less than 60%, it becomes difficult to keep the ground temperature below that of the open field. Preferred reflectance is 7
It is 5 to 100%.
【００１２】通気性（ＪＩＳ Ｐ８１１７のガーレー法
による透気度）を１０〜２００秒／１００ｃｃとしたの
は、１０秒／１００ｃｃ未満では不織布自体の強度が不
足するとともに、高反射率を維持するのが困難になり、
液肥、水分、殺虫剤等の液体が袋状物内から外へ流出す
るためである。２００秒／１００ｃｃを越えると、水分
蒸散による放熱効果が低くなる。好ましい通気性は２０
〜１００秒／１００ｃｃである。一般に農作物の根の生
育適温は２０〜２５℃の間にあり、３０℃以上の高温に
することは生理的障害を惹起する。The air permeability (permeability according to the Gurley method of JIS P8117) is set to 10 to 200 seconds / 100 cc because the nonwoven fabric itself is insufficient in strength below 10 seconds / 100 cc and high reflectance is maintained. Becomes difficult,
This is because liquids such as liquid fertilizer, water, and insecticides flow out from the inside of the bag. When it exceeds 200 seconds / 100 cc, the heat radiation effect due to water evaporation is reduced. Preferred breathability is 20
~ 100 sec / 100 cc. Generally, the optimum temperature for growing roots of crops is between 20 and 25 ° C, and raising the temperature to 30 ° C or higher causes physiological damage.
【００１３】培地 培地としては、腐葉土、ヒノキ、スギ等の樹皮、ピート
モス、木炭末、もみがらくん炭、水苔、焼成赤玉土、鹿
沼土等が挙げられ、これらは混合して使用しても良い。
培地には、肥料、殺虫剤、保温剤を配合しても良い。植物育成床の製造 植物育成床（１）は、不織布（２）を栽培を予定した用
地に一定の間隔をもって展張し、次いで該不織布の中央
部に培地（３）を載置し、その後に不織布の長手方向の
両側部（２ａ）、（２ａ）を前記培地（３）を包み込む
ように培地状の中央で寄り合わせた後、縫合するこによ
り製造される（図１のイ〜ハ）。 Medium As the medium, there can be mentioned bark of humus, cypress, cedar, etc., peat moss, charcoal powder, rice husk charcoal, water moss, calcined red tama soil, Kanuma soil, etc. good.
A fertilizer, an insecticide, and a heat retaining agent may be added to the medium. Manufacture of Plant Growing Floor In the plant growing floor (1), the nonwoven fabric (2) is spread over the site where the cultivation is planned at regular intervals, and then the medium (3) is placed in the center of the nonwoven fabric, and then the nonwoven fabric is placed. Both sides (2a) and (2a) in the longitudinal direction of (1) are joined together at the center of the medium so as to wrap the medium (3), and then stitched (a to c in FIG. 1).
【００１４】この培地積み込みと同じくして底部に散水
用の小孔を有する簡易灌水チューブ（５）を併設して、
培地を均一に湿潤化が可能なようしおくことは不織布の
水分蒸散機能を活発化して置く上で肝要である。この蒸
散機能の良否がその後の植物育成床内の環境の自動調節
機能に直結する。また、不織布は液体を通過させないの
で、不織布（２）として図１の（イ）に示す中央部に排
水用の３〜１０ｍｍφの小孔（２ｂ）を穿ったものを用
いるとよい。この植物育成床（１）の不織布（２）の上
方面には面積が０．５〜５０ｍｍ2の細孔（２ｃ）、
（２ｃ）、・・・を、０．０１〜１．０個／ｃｍ2 の密
度で設けることにより、水分蒸散効果を更に向上安定化
することが可能である。Similar to this medium loading, a simple irrigation tube (5) having a small hole for watering at the bottom is also provided.
It is essential to activate the moisture evaporation function of the non-woven fabric to keep the medium uniformly moisturizable. The quality of the transpiration function is directly linked to the function of automatically adjusting the environment in the plant growing bed thereafter. Since the non-woven fabric does not allow liquid to pass through, it is preferable to use the non-woven fabric (2) having a small hole (2b) of 3 to 10 mmφ for drainage formed in the central portion shown in FIG. On the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric (2) of the plant growing bed (1), pores (2c) having an area of 0.5 to 50 mm 2 ,
By providing (2c), ... At a density of 0.01 to 1.0 pieces / cm 2 , it is possible to further improve and stabilize the water evaporation effect.
【００１５】また、細孔（２ｃ）、（２ｃ）、・・・を
設ける他の利点は、これを設けた育成床（１）において
は、上から散水、施肥等が可能なことである。細孔の面
積を０．５〜５０ｍｍ2 とするのは、０．５ｍｍ2 未満
では結露水による水膜で閉塞し易く、５０ｍｍ2 を越え
ると通気性が大きくなり過ぎて昇温効果が減刹されるだ
けでなく、発芽した雑草が孔から突き出してしまうこと
が多いためである。好ましい細孔面積は１〜１０ｍｍ2
である。細孔の密度を０．０１〜１．０個／ｃｍ2 とす
るのは、０．０１個／ｃｍ2 未満では均一な蒸散効果が
得られ難く、１．０個／ｃｍ2 を越えると昇温効果が小
さくなり、孔あけ加工も難しくなり、不織布の強度も低
下するためである。好ましい密度は０．０５〜０．２個
／ｃｍ2 である。細孔の形状は、円形、楕円形、正方
形、長方形、六角形等任意のものを選択することができ
る。Another advantage of providing the pores (2c), (2c), ... Is that the growing bed (1) provided with them can be sprinkled with water and fertilized from above. To the area of the pores and 0.5 to 50 mm 2 is easily closed by water film due to dew condensation water is less than 0.5 mm 2, reduction Atsushi Nobori effect becomes too large permeability exceeds 50 mm 2刹This is because the germinated weeds often protrude from the holes. The preferable pore area is 1 to 10 mm 2.
Is. The pore density of 0.01 to 1.0 pores / cm 2 is such that it is difficult to obtain a uniform transpiration effect if the pore density is less than 0.01 pores / cm 2, and if the pore density exceeds 1.0 pores / cm 2. This is because the temperature effect becomes small, the perforating process becomes difficult, and the strength of the nonwoven fabric also decreases. A preferable density is 0.05 to 0.2 pieces / cm 2 . The shape of the pores can be arbitrarily selected, such as a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, and a hexagon.
【００１６】植物育成床の製造工程の一例を次に示す。 （イ） 栽培を予定した土地の表面を均平（若しくは一
定の勾配を付して）に整地するか、栽培作物に適応した
畦間隔をもって一定の床巾、高さに土盛り、或いはベン
チを設ける。 （ロ） 次いで、巾３０〜１５０ｃｍに加工した上記不
織布（２）を一定長さにロール巻されたものを（イ）に
よって定められた位置に展張する。この場合不織布の白
色面が下、黒色面を上面になるように設置する。 （ハ） 然る後、不織布の中央部に予め配合準備した混
合培地（３）を不織布（１）巾に応じた一定量を均等に
施与すると同時に不織布の両面を持ち上げ、中央位置で
合掌状に接合するようにして培地を包み込むようにスポ
ット縫合する。縫合は、糸で縫い合わせても、ステプラ
ーで係止してもよい。スポット縫合の間隔を植物栽植間
隔に適合するように行えばその間隔から植物の苗を挿入
して培地に植付けることができる。An example of the process for producing the plant growing floor is shown below. (B) Level the surface of the land where cultivation is planned to be leveled (or with a certain slope), or install a mound or bench at a certain floor width, height with ridge intervals adapted to the cultivated crop. . (B) Next, the non-woven fabric (2) processed into a width of 30 to 150 cm, which is rolled into a certain length, is spread at a position determined by (a). In this case, the non-woven fabric is installed so that the white side is the bottom and the black side is the top. (C) After that, a predetermined amount of the mixed medium (3) prepared in advance is uniformly applied to the central part of the non-woven fabric according to the width of the non-woven fabric (1), and at the same time, both sides of the non-woven fabric are lifted to form a chiral pattern at the central position The spot is sutured so as to wrap the medium in such a manner that it is joined to. The suture may be stitched with a thread or locked with a stepper. If the intervals of spot stitches are adapted to the planting intervals, plant seedlings can be inserted from that interval and planted in the medium.
【００１７】培地の不織布上の載置は、作物の種類毎に
適応した培地を処法に応じて混合製造したる後、一定の
巾、高さ、固さになるよう不織布上に培地を押出成形す
ることにより行う。この培地積み込みと同調して簡易灌
水チューブを併設するのが好ましい。 （ニ） ついで培地両端側の不織布を縫合して長尺状の
植物育成床（１）を造成する。植物の育成方法 植物育成床をプラスチックフイルム被覆ハウス内に一列
に並べる。予め育苗鉢を用い育てられた苗を鉢より取り
出し、栽培床の一定間隔を以てスポット縫合された間隙
から苗を挿入して植え付ける。苗を植付けた後は、従来
一般の栽培管理に準じた肥培管理を行って植物の育成を
行う。本発明の植物育成床を用いて、植物育成を行って
いることを図２に示す。The placing of the culture medium on the nonwoven fabric is carried out by mixing and producing the culture medium adapted for each crop type according to the processing method, and then extruding the culture medium on the nonwoven fabric so as to have a constant width, height and hardness. It is performed by molding. It is preferable to install a simple irrigation tube along with the loading of the medium. (D) Next, the nonwoven fabrics on both sides of the medium are sewn together to form a long plant growing bed (1). Plant growing method The plant growing beds are lined up in a plastic film-covered house. The seedlings grown in advance in a seedling pot are taken out from the pot, and the seedlings are inserted and planted from the gaps which are spot-sewn at regular intervals on the cultivation floor. After planting the seedlings, the fertilization management according to the conventional general cultivation management is performed to grow the plants. FIG. 2 shows that plants are grown using the plant growing bed of the present invention.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】不織布の製造例 （製造例） 高密度ポリエチレンをフラッシュ紡糸法で製造した
反射率が約９０％、坪量が約５１ｇ／ｍ2 、厚さが約
０．１６ｍｍの白色不織布をフラッシュ紡糸法で製造
し、この白色不織布の裏面に墨インキを用いて黒ベタの
グラビア印刷を施して坪量が約５２ｇ／ｍ2 、外側面の
光線反射率が約９０％、通気性が約３０秒／１００ｃｃ
／ｃｍ2 、光線透過率約３％の白・黒不織布を得た。 比較として、低密度ポリエチレン樹脂による二層ダ
イラミネインヨンフイルム成形法による表面白色、裏面
黒色一体成形フイルム（肉厚２５μｍ、通気性実質的に
なし）を用いた。[Example] Manufacturing example of non-woven fabric (manufacturing example) A high-density polyethylene produced by flash spinning is flashed with a white non-woven fabric having a reflectance of about 90%, a basis weight of about 51 g / m 2 and a thickness of about 0.16 mm. The white non-woven fabric is manufactured by a spinning method, and black solid gravure printing is applied to the back surface of the white non-woven fabric so that the basis weight is about 52 g / m 2 , the light reflectance of the outer surface is about 90%, and the air permeability is about 30. Second / 100cc
A white / black non-woven fabric having a light transmittance of about 3% / cm 2 was obtained. As a comparison, an integrally-formed front surface white film and a back black film (thickness: 25 μm, substantially no air permeability) obtained by a two-layer di-laminated film forming method using a low-density polyethylene resin was used.
【００１９】（実施例１〜２、比較例１）上記不織布の
蒸散孔を穿たないもの（実施例１）、蒸散孔を穿ったの
も（実施例２）、および比較のための白黒２層フィルム
（比較例１）の３種からなるマルチング資材を、千葉県
市原市のみかど化工（株）実験農場に設置されているプ
ラスチックフィルムハウス〔スーパーソーラフィルム
（みかど化工の商品名）を使用〕内の栽培圃に平成６年
６月２８日に運び、黒色部を上面として敷設した後、図
１に示すように中央部に下記組成の培地をのせた。 クリプトモスＬ（武田園芸製） １３重量％ クリプトモスＳ（ 同 上 ） １３重量％ プライミックス（サカタのたね製培地） ５０重量％ ピートモス ２４重量％ ─────────────────────────
─ 合 計 １００重量％(Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1) The above-mentioned non-woven fabric having no transpiration holes (Example 1), having transpiration holes (Example 2), and a black and white two-layer film for comparison. The mulching material consisting of 3 kinds of (Comparative Example 1) was used in the plastic film house [using Super Solar Film (trade name of Mikado Kako)] installed at the experimental farm of Mikado Kako Co., Ltd. in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture. After carrying to a cultivation field on June 28, 1994 and laying the black part as the upper surface, a medium having the following composition was placed on the central part as shown in FIG. Cryptomos L (manufactured by Takeda Garden) 13% by weight Cryptomos S (same as above) 13% by weight Primemix (sakata seed culture medium) 50% by weight Peatmoss 24% by weight ──────────────── ──────────
─ Total 100% by weight
【００２０】その後、マルチング資材の長手方向に沿っ
た両端を中央部へたくしあげ、３０ｃｍ毎にステープル
でその両端をとじ、外側が白色で培地高さ約５ｃｍの栽
培床を形成した。別途、きゅうり（品種ヨシナリ；「サ
カタのたね」より購入）を平成６年６月２４日に発芽箱
内に蒔き（箱播）、発芽させ、子葉が展開したものを９
ｃｍφのポットに移植し、これを毎日１時間点滴灌水を
行い、平成６年７月１７日まで育苗したものを、前記の
栽培床のステープル間の隙間より培地に同日定植した。
以下、灌水チューブより１日３０分間の割合で注水しつ
つ、きゅうりの育成を行った。Thereafter, both ends along the longitudinal direction of the mulching material were tucked to the center, and the both ends were stapled at intervals of 30 cm to form a cultivation bed with a white outside and a medium height of about 5 cm. Separately, cucumber (variety Yoshinari; purchased from "Sakata no Tane") was sown (box sowing) in a germination box on June 24, 1994, germinated, and the cotyledon expanded to 9
The seeds were transplanted to a cmφ pot, drip-irrigated for 1 hour every day, and seedlings raised until July 17, 1994 were planted in the medium on the same day through the gaps between the staples on the cultivation bed.
Hereinafter, cucumbers were grown while injecting water from a watering tube at a rate of 30 minutes a day.
【００２１】蒸散孔を穿たない黒・白不織布（実施例
１）のものは、平成６年８月９日より、蒸散孔を穿った
黒・白不織布（実施例２）は平成６年８月７日よりきゅ
うりの収穫が開始されたのに対して、比較例１の白黒２
層フィルムのものは、平成６年８月１２日からの収穫と
なった。きゅうりの生育状況状況を表１に、栽培時の環
境、温度条件を表２に示す。The black / white non-woven fabric having no transpiration holes (Example 1) is from August 9, 1994, and the black / white non-woven fabric having transpiration holes (Example 2) is from 1994. The harvest of cucumbers started on the 7th of the month, while the black and white 2 of Comparative Example 1
The layered film was harvested from August 12, 1994. Table 1 shows the growth status of cucumber, and Table 2 shows the environment and temperature conditions during cultivation.
【００２２】[0022]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２３】[0023]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２４】この期間は、無降雨晴天が長期にわたり、
異常な猛暑に見舞われ、一般栽培農家では青枯病が多発
したり、害虫としてマメハモグリバエの発生を見る等、
猛夏期におけるきゅうり栽培条件としては極めて悪条件
下における試験栽培であった。しかしながら、本発明の
実施例２による栽培は予想以上に順調な生育で経過し、
病害虫発生も回避し、平成６年８月７日よりの収穫であ
った。なお、比較対象区の白黒ダブルフィルム区（比較
例１）は８月１２日よりの収穫であった。この原因は、
本発明による栽培床地温はハウス内最高気温より１０℃
前後低温に推移し、最高地温で３０℃を越えることが少
なく。栽培床地温がほぼ２５℃〜３０℃の範囲内に維持
され、３０℃以上になることを抑制し得たことに負うこ
とが大きかったものと考えられる。During this period, there is no rain and fine weather for a long time,
It was hit by an unusually hot heat, and bacterial wilts frequently occurred at general farms, and the occurrence of bean leafhoppers as pests was observed.
It was a test cultivation under extremely bad conditions for cucumber cultivation in the intense summer. However, the cultivation according to Example 2 of the present invention progressed more smoothly than expected,
The occurrence of pests was avoided, and the harvest was from August 7, 1994. The black-and-white double film section (Comparative Example 1) of the comparison section was harvested from August 12. This is because
The cultivation floor soil temperature according to the present invention is 10 ° C higher than the maximum temperature in the house.
Around the low temperature, the maximum soil temperature rarely exceeds 30 ℃. It is considered that the cultivation bed soil temperature was maintained within the range of approximately 25 ° C to 30 ° C, and it was considered that it was largely due to the fact that the temperature could be suppressed to 30 ° C or higher.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】耕起耕転作業や土壌消毒等の煩瑣な手間
が省け、且つ、培地の更新が簡単に実施出来ることによ
り、同一作業の連作の可能性や農耕不適地の利用等農業
生産技術に新たな展開ができる育成床が提供できる。
尚、植物の育成床に使用した栽培用培地は、植物育成終
了後、これを取り出し、堆積再熟成することにより培地
として再利用が可能である。[Effects of the Invention] Agricultural production such as continuous cropping of the same work and use of unsuitable land for agriculture, because laborious work such as plowing and tilling work and soil disinfection can be saved and the medium can be easily updated. It is possible to provide a breeding floor that can develop new technology.
The culture medium used for the plant growth bed can be reused as a medium by taking out the plant after completion of plant growth and re-accumulating it for deposition.
【図１】本発明の植物育成床を製造するフロー図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a flow chart for producing a plant growing bed of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の育成床を用いて植物を育成している図
である。FIG. 2 is a view showing growing a plant using the growing bed of the present invention.
Claims (4)
の反射率が６０％以上、通気性が１０〜２００秒／１０
０ｃｃの熱可塑性樹脂製の不織布であって、この不織布
は水蒸気は通過するが水は透過せず、且、農作物の根は
貫入できない不織布を、栽培を予定した用地に一定の間
隔をもって展張し、次いで該不織布の中央部に作物育成
用の培地を載置し、その後に不織布の長手方向の両側部
をこの培地を包み込むように中央部に寄せ合わせ、両者
を連結することによって、培地を内包した筒型栽培床を
形成することを特徴とする植物育成床の製造方法。1. A basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m 2 , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, and a breathability of 10 to 200 seconds / 10.
A 0 cc non-woven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin, which is a non-woven fabric that allows water vapor to pass therethrough but does not allow water to pass therethrough and does not allow the roots of agricultural crops to penetrate. Next, a medium for growing crops was placed on the central portion of the nonwoven fabric, and then both sides in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven fabric were brought close to the central portion so as to wrap this medium, and the both were connected to thereby encapsulate the medium. A method for producing a plant growing bed, which comprises forming a tubular cultivation bed.
あり、表面が光反射性の白色またはシルバー色であり、
筒型栽培床の内面側に不織布の黒色面がくるように配置
し、可視光線の透過率が１０％以下の不織布を用いるこ
とを特徴とする請求項１記載の植物育成床の製造方法。2. A non-woven fabric, the back surface of which is light-absorbing black and the front surface of which is light-reflecting white or silver.
The method for producing a plant growing floor according to claim 1, wherein the tubular cultivation floor is arranged such that the black surface of the nonwoven fabric is on the inner surface side and the visible light transmittance is 10% or less.
可能な、点滴、散水用チューブを作物育成培地上に設置
することを特徴とする請求項１記載の植物育成床の製造
方法。3. The method for producing a plant growing bed according to claim 1, wherein a drip / sprinkling tube capable of supplying water to the crop growing medium is installed on the plant growing medium.
に、育成培地が載置される部分の長手方向に亘って排水
のための小孔を設けることを特徴とする請求項３の植物
育成床の製造方法。4. The plant according to claim 3, wherein the non-woven fabric is provided with a small hole for drainage over the longitudinal direction of the portion where the growth medium is placed, before the growth medium is placed. Method for manufacturing a growing bed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7185028A JPH08154480A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1995-06-29 | Production of plant-raising bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6-268111 | 1994-10-07 | ||
| JP26811194 | 1994-10-07 | ||
| JP7185028A JPH08154480A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1995-06-29 | Production of plant-raising bed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08154480A true JPH08154480A (en) | 1996-06-18 |
Family
ID=26502856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7185028A Pending JPH08154480A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1995-06-29 | Production of plant-raising bed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08154480A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103243480A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for manufacturing non-woven seedling-growing culture medium by using rice straw fibers and ramie fibers |
| CN104863165A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Ecological slope protective apparatus for rock slopes and applications thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-06-29 JP JP7185028A patent/JPH08154480A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103243480A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for manufacturing non-woven seedling-growing culture medium by using rice straw fibers and ramie fibers |
| CN104863165A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Ecological slope protective apparatus for rock slopes and applications thereof |
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