JPH07173609A - Method for laminating two or more kinds of raw materials or object formed by utilizing thermal expansion difference - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the intrusion of foreign matter and easily obtain a precursor for producing a superconducting material by laminating a film obtained by depositing a raw material on a soluble material, then removing the deposit to obtain a laminated mixture and pressing the mixture utilizing a difference in thermal expansion coefficients. CONSTITUTION:A material 1 (such as superconducting material) is dropped on a sheet 4 consisting of a wafer easy to dissolve or vaporize and an org. compd. and fixed to obtain a sheet-shaped raw material 5, a laminated sheet 10 obtained by cutting the raw material 5 is placed between the vessels having a different thermal expansion coefficient and heated to vaporize the vaporizable material, and the sheet 10 is slowly compressed and sintered.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】傾斜的機能を持つ形成物及び二種
類以上の混合した原料を持つ形成物及びそれらの方法に
よる超電導物質又は前駆体及びこれらの応用に関するも
のであるBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composition having a graded function and a composition having two or more kinds of mixed raw materials, a superconducting substance or a precursor by the method, and applications thereof.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】二種類以上の原料を必要とする超電導物
質の固相反応による製造において、原料を混合比に応じ
て計量し分散媒体下においてボールミール等により粉砕
混合物を作りこれを焼結する。そして均一性を上げるた
め焼結したものを粉砕し再び焼結する事をくりかえして
均一性を上げる。必要な均一性を得られた塊を超電導特
性を付与するため、に必要な温度で焼結する事等によつ
て特性を与える。2. Description of the Related Art In the production of a superconducting substance which requires two or more kinds of raw materials by a solid phase reaction, the raw materials are weighed according to a mixing ratio, and a crushed mixture is prepared by a ball meal or the like in a dispersion medium and sintered. . Then, in order to improve the uniformity, the sintered product is crushed and re-sintered to improve the uniformity. In order to impart superconducting properties to the lumps that have obtained the required uniformity, the properties are imparted by sintering at the temperature necessary for that purpose.

【０００３】固相反応による合成では高温で長時間の仮
焼きが必要なため、仮焼きしたものに粗粒化又は凝集を
生じている場合が多いので再粉砕を行ない焼結するので
あるが粉砕効果を高めたために原料が反応前の原料の状
態にもどる事がある。Since calcination at a high temperature for a long time is required in the synthesis by the solid-phase reaction, coarse particles or agglomerates are often generated in the calcined material, so that re-grinding is performed and sintering is performed. Since the effect is enhanced, the raw material may return to the state of the raw material before the reaction.

【０００４】原料の傾斜的配置を行なう時その位置決め
が各粒において正確におこなわれていない。When the material is inclinedly arranged, its positioning is not accurately performed in each grain.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】原料を二種類以上混合
して粉砕するのに混合比の均等化を行なうには時間が多
く必要であり一定の時間を得ればどの部分も一定の混合
比が得られるといふ確実性も再現性も少ない。A large amount of time is required to equalize the mixing ratios for mixing and pulverizing two or more kinds of raw materials, and if a certain time is obtained, every part has a constant mixing ratio. If it is obtained, there is little certainty and reproducibility.

【０００６】混合した原料の粉体すなはち混合物を焼結
したもの、すなはち前駆体は各部分点に混合比の差が生
じ特性に差が生じる。焼結密度が小さいし炉材の混入の
可能性が有る。これは直接炉に接する為である。[0006] The mixed raw material powders, that is, those obtained by sintering the mixture, that is, the precursors, have different mixing ratios at respective partial points, resulting in different characteristics. Sintering density is low and furnace material may be mixed. This is because it directly contacts the furnace.

【０００７】コイル状物を得るため超電導物質を線に引
き伸ばし、コイル状に巻いて得るが、したがつて、この
工程では折損やひび等があらわれたり不良品を生じやす
い。引き伸ばしにより超電導特性が出来あがつている超
電導物質にずれを生じせしめる原因が大きい。発熱の広
散が遅い。In order to obtain a coiled material, a superconducting substance is drawn out into a wire and wound into a coil. Therefore, in this process, breakage, cracks or the like are likely to occur and defective products are likely to occur. There is a large cause for the deviation of the superconducting material whose superconducting properties are completed by stretching. Fever spreads slowly.

【０００８】超伝導物質の表面を切削すれば、著しく特
性を失う事は知られており、色々の形に加工するのは困
難で凹面や円筒加工も困難である。超電導特性をもつた
部分は限定された表面の厚さにとどまる為であるし、特
性を持つていない部分は不要である。加工装置は密閉性
にとぼしいので流体下又は圧力下の加熱加工が困難で有
る。It is known that if the surface of a superconducting material is cut, its properties are remarkably lost, and it is difficult to process it into various shapes, and it is also difficult to process a concave surface or a cylinder. This is because the part with superconducting properties is limited to the limited surface thickness, and the part without properties is unnecessary. Since the processing device is poor in hermeticity, it is difficult to perform heating under fluid or pressure.

【０００９】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする手段】粉砕された原料を溶解
性のある膜状物の上に配置して膜状物を溶解する液を噴
霧して膜上の原料に付着せしめ、その液の効果によつて
膜を僅かに溶解せしめて原料を膜上に位置せしめて付着
する。次いで乾燥して溶解液を気化せしめて原料を膜上
に固定する。皺に成りやすいものであれば、周囲を支持
して、付着乾燥せしめる。The pulverized raw material is placed on a soluble film material, and a liquid for dissolving the film material is sprayed and adhered to the raw material on the film, and the effect of the liquid is obtained. To slightly melt the film and position the raw material on the film for adhesion. Then, the raw material is fixed on the film by drying to vaporize the solution. If it is easy to wrinkle, support the surrounding area and let it adhere and dry.

【００１０】粉砕された原料を離れやすい金属又はプラ
スチツク等の膜上に配置し気化性の大きな、ベンジン、
シンナー、アルコール等を原料上に噴霧して原料にこれ
らを付帯させ冷却してこれらの液体を固化する。次いで
固化した原料と膜との間にこれらを離別せしめる器具を
差し込み、又は膜を熱する事で膜と接する固化した液体
の一部分を気化して離別せしめ固化した液体を含む膜状
の原料を得る。Benzene, which has a large vaporization property, is prepared by arranging the pulverized raw material on a film of metal or plastic which is easily separated.
Thinner, alcohol, etc. are sprayed onto the raw materials to attach them to the raw materials and then cooled to solidify these liquids. Next, insert a device for separating the solidified raw material and the membrane, or heat the membrane to vaporize a part of the solidified liquid that is in contact with the membrane and separate the solidified liquid to obtain a solid raw material containing the solidified liquid. .

【００１１】溶解性を持つ膜に微細な穴を明け、又は糸
状にして穴の中又は糸状物の周りに原料を付着せしめ、
これを積層又は糸状物の織物状にし積層して、必要な混
合形態を持つた積層物を作る。Fine holes are made in the film having solubility, or the material is adhered to the inside of the hole or around the thread-like material by making fine holes.
This is laminated or woven into a filamentous material and laminated to form a laminate having a required mixed form.

【００１２】以上述べた様に二種類又はそれ以上の種類
の原料を組み合わせた膜を積層する事により積層膜の垂
直な部分はどの点でも混合比は正確である。As described above, by laminating films in which two or more kinds of raw materials are combined, the mixing ratio is accurate at any point in the vertical portion of the laminated film.

【００１３】原料を配置するのに同一面上に二つ以上の
種類を配置する時他の原料の配置部分をふさいだマスク
を用いて原料を配置し次いで他の原料の配置を持つたマ
スクを用いて色々の組合せや形を持つた配置が出来る。
原料を必要に応じて傾斜的に配置して傾斜的な特性を持
つたものを得る事が出来る。電流の入力、出力の部分の
製作に利用出来る。傾斜的配置は上下に傾斜配置するの
と左右に傾斜配置するものとがある。When arranging two or more kinds on the same surface for arranging the raw materials, the raw materials are laid out using a mask which covers the laid-out portions of the other raw materials, and then a mask having the layout of the other raw materials is arranged. You can use them to make arrangements with various combinations and shapes.
It is possible to arrange the raw materials in a tilted manner as required to obtain a material having a tilted characteristic. It can be used to make the input and output parts of the current. There are two types of slanting arrangement, one is slanting vertically and the other is slanting horizontally.

【００１４】熱膨張率の異なる二つの物質の熱膨張率の
小さい方を外側に大きな方を内側にして二つの物質の空
間に原料を有する膜を積層したものを配置し二つの物質
を加熱し二つの物質の熱膨張率の差によつて二つの物質
の間にある空間が狭くなり空間に置かれた積層物に加熱
と同時に加圧を加えるTwo materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion are arranged such that the one having the smaller coefficient of thermal expansion is the outer side and the one having the larger coefficient of thermal expansion is the inner side, and a film having a raw material is laminated in the space between the two materials to heat the two materials. Due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the two substances, the space between the two substances becomes narrower, and the laminate placed in the space is heated and pressurized at the same time.

【００１５】熱膨張は温度の差が大きいほど効果がある
から常温以下に冷却したものを用いれば効率がよくな
る。The larger the temperature difference is, the more effective the thermal expansion is. Therefore, if the material is cooled to room temperature or lower, the efficiency is improved.

【００１６】二つの物質の空間に直接に積層物を配置す
る事は積層物の混合比の乱れ又は二つの物質が積層物に
混ざることが有るので容器にいれて配置する事がでる。When the laminate is directly placed in the space of the two substances, the mixture ratio of the laminate may be disturbed or the two substances may be mixed with the laminate, and thus the laminate can be placed in the container.

【００１７】容器は凸面や凹面や三角形など色々の形を
持つたもので、これに合ふ形の熱膨張率の異なる二つの
物質を作り合わせて、加熱、加圧すればその様な形のも
のがえられる。The container has various shapes such as a convex surface, a concave surface, and a triangle, and two materials having different coefficient of thermal expansion are combined with each other and heated and pressurized to obtain such a shape. You can get things.

【００１８】熱膨張率の小さな円筒を回転せしめて、そ
の内側に積層物を入れて遠心力で保持し熱膨張率の大き
な円筒を積層物を有する熱膨張率の小さい円筒の中に入
れて回転をとめ、加熱して円筒形の焼結物を得る。積層
物が直接二つの物質に接しない様に反応しない物質で作
つた物を積層物と二つの物質の間に入れる事により積層
物の質を保持する事ができる。A cylinder having a small coefficient of thermal expansion is rotated, a laminate is put inside the cylinder and held by centrifugal force, and a cylinder having a large coefficient of thermal expansion is put in a cylinder having a coefficient of thermal expansion and the cylinder having a small coefficient of thermal expansion is rotated. And heat to obtain a cylindrical sintered product. The quality of the laminate can be maintained by inserting a material made of a non-reactive substance between the laminate and the two substances so that the laminate does not come into direct contact with the two substances.

【００１９】熱膨張率の差を利用して傾斜的に配分した
原料を形成して得られるものは、超電導物等の材料とな
る以外に機械、航空機、自動車、等の部分品の材料にも
なる、この場合は繊維、網状の補助材料を形成物中に配
分して性能を向上せしめる事が出来る。The material obtained by forming a material which is distributed in a gradient manner by utilizing the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion is used as a material for superconducting materials and the like, and also as a material for parts such as machines, aircrafts and automobiles. In this case, the performance can be improved by distributing the fiber and the mesh-shaped auxiliary material in the formed material.

【００２０】円筒形の焼き固めた物を得る時、円筒の外
に冷気用流体を流してその側を他より冷却すればその側
は焼き固められる事を妨げられて他より粗粒化又は密度
の低いものを生ずる。この側に他の物質を付着又は浸透
せしめる事により対衝撃性、対可とう性を高める。When a cylindrically baked product is obtained, if a cold air fluid is flown outside the cylinder to cool that side more than the other side, that side is prevented from being hardened and coarsened or denser than the other side. Results in low. By impacting or penetrating other substances on this side, impact resistance and flexibility are enhanced.

【００２１】熱膨張率の異なる二つの物質を利用して積
層物を焼き固めて得られる円筒形、平面形、球形状等の
前駆体をレーザーで部分毎に順次焼成して形成する事に
より超電導特性を整える。Superconductivity is obtained by sequentially firing each part of a precursor having a cylindrical shape, a flat shape, a spherical shape or the like obtained by baking and solidifying a laminate using two substances having different coefficients of thermal expansion. Adjust the characteristics.

【００２２】レーザーは気体やガラス等を通過すること
が出来るから、圧力を有する気体下において、加工物に
圧力を加えながら、レーザー加工ができる。又気体中の
酸素を加工品に付与しながら加工できる。Since the laser can pass through gas, glass, etc., it is possible to perform laser processing while applying pressure to a workpiece under a gas having a pressure. Further, it is possible to process while applying oxygen in the gas to the processed product.

【００２３】光ファイバー通信において光の進路の変更
について、熱によつて光の屈折率が変化する物質を利用
する事が行はれているが、超電導物質の電流の流れの変
化を利用する。In optical fiber communication, a material whose refractive index changes due to heat is used to change the path of light, but a change in current flow of a superconducting material is used.

【００２４】従来では原料以外の不純物を除く意図にて
溶解などが行なわれていたが積層してその溶解前の温度
で仮に形成したものを、レーザーで一部分毎に焼き固め
るのなれば、超電導特性の効果的な部分又は効果的にな
りうる部分がその表面に有る場合不純物を除外したり、
又は別途に加工温度その他をわざと異にしてレーザーを
照射加工する事が可能でである。したがつて超電導特性
の多い部分や少なく又は異なる部分を持つた物を作る事
が出来この特性の異なる部分の境界は曲線や直線その他
色々の形をとる事が出来る。In the past, melting and the like were performed with the intention of removing impurities other than the raw materials, but if they were laminated and temporarily formed at a temperature before melting, the parts would be superconducting if they were solidified by laser. If there is an effective part or a part that can be effective on the surface, impurities are excluded,
Alternatively, it is possible to separately irradiate the laser while intentionally changing the processing temperature and the like. Therefore, it is possible to make an object having a portion having many superconducting characteristics or a portion having few or different superconducting characteristics, and the boundary of the portions having different superconducting characteristics can take a curved line, a straight line or various other shapes.

【００２５】[0025]

【作用】図１の様に超電導物質を構成する原料を粉砕し
たもの１を２のスクリーン又はマスクを通して大きさを
揃え３のコンペアーベルト上の溶解性を有するオプラー
トや有機化合物等アルコール、ペンジン、シンナー等で
溶解する膜状物やフアイバーで作つた織物等のシート４
の上に一定量落下せしめコンペアーベルトを移動する事
により一定の厚さと量を持つたシート状原料５が作られ
る。このシート５にアルコールや水等シートを溶解する
液体を噴霧装置６の噴出口７より必要量噴霧してシート
に原料を付着せしめる。ついでこのシートを乾燥装置８
より出る熱風、反射熱、等の影響を受ける地点を通過し
乾燥固定する。このシートを切断刃９で必要な大きさに
切断できる。このシートは各種類別又は混合したものを
作つて混合比に応じた配置通りに積層した積層シート１
０を作る。As shown in FIG. 1, the raw material constituting the superconducting substance is crushed, and the size 1 is made uniform through the screen or mask 2 and the soluble oprate or organic compound such as alcohol, benzine on the compare belt 3 Sheet 4 such as a film material that dissolves in thinner, etc., or a fabric made of fiber 4
A sheet-shaped raw material 5 having a constant thickness and amount is prepared by moving the compare belt by dropping a certain amount on the above. A liquid such as alcohol or water that dissolves the sheet is sprayed onto the sheet 5 from the jet port 7 of the spraying device 6 in a necessary amount to adhere the raw material to the sheet. Then, this sheet is dried 8
Pass through a point affected by the hot air coming out, reflected heat, etc., and fix it dry. This sheet can be cut into a required size by the cutting blade 9. This sheet is a laminated sheet 1 in which each type or a mixture is prepared and laminated according to the arrangement according to the mixing ratio.
Make 0.

【００２６】図２の様に超電導物質を構成する原料を粉
砕した１をスクリーン又はマスク２を通じて粒を揃え３
のコンペアーベルト上の板状物１１の上に必要な配置を
しコンペアーベルトを移動せしめる事により板状物１１
を移動せしめて、連続な層を作りこの層に気化しやすい
シンナー、アルコール、ペンジン等の液体を装置１２よ
り噴霧して原料に付着せしめる。次いで液体を固化する
温度を有する気体を有する装置１３から噴出する気体の
中を通過せしめて液体を固化し原料１の連続固定化をす
る。次いで板状物１１と連続した固定化原料との間に刃
形の物１４を板状物と原料の層との間に入れる事により
二つのものを引き離す。又は１１に熱を与えて１１に接
する固化した液体部分を気化せしめて分離する。これを
適当な長さに切断刃１５にて、切断しこの様なシート状
物を必要な配置どうりに積層して積層シート１６を得
る。As shown in FIG. 2, a raw material which constitutes the superconducting material is crushed 1 and the particles are aligned 3 through a screen or a mask 2.
By placing the necessary arrangement on the plate-shaped object 11 on the compare belt, the plate-shaped object 11 is moved.
Is moved to form a continuous layer, and a liquid such as thinner, alcohol, or benzine, which is easily vaporized, is sprayed from the device 12 to adhere to the raw material. Then, the raw material 1 is continuously fixed by passing through the gas ejected from the device 13 having a gas having a temperature for solidifying the liquid to solidify the liquid. Then, a blade-shaped material 14 is inserted between the plate-shaped material 11 and the continuous immobilized raw material between the plate-shaped material and the layer of the raw material to separate the two. Alternatively, heat is applied to 11 and the solidified liquid portion in contact with 11 is vaporized and separated. This is cut to an appropriate length with a cutting blade 15 and such sheet-like materials are laminated in a required arrangement to obtain a laminated sheet 16.

【００２７】前記のごとく積層されたシート１０、１
６、は図３の容器１７に入れられ、熱膨張率の異なる物
質１９と２０の間に入れられる。これを加熱装置２１に
よつて熱エネルギーを与えられ加熱せられる。熱膨張率
が一方に比べて小さな２０が外側に有り熱膨張率が一方
に比べて大きい１９が内側にある。これを加熱すると二
つの物質は熱膨張を始める事により１９と２０のあいだ
に有る容器１７は加熱され又は加圧される。したがつて
加熱により容器内のシート１０、１６を構成していたオ
プラーート等または気化しやすい液体は気化する。容器
１７が加熱及び加圧を受けると中に有る原料シート１
０、１６にはゆるやかな焼結が行はれ容器１７に応じた
形状を作る。この焼結の状態はその温度と加圧と時間に
より色々の物が出来る。加熱が終われば二つの物質２
０、１９は冷却されて元の状態となり容器１７は取り出
きれ容器１７の蓋２３を外して形状化した原料を取り出
す。１９、２０、には、ステンレス鋼と銅。石英ガラス
とステンレス。銅とアルミニーウム等の組合せもある。Sheets 10 and 1 laminated as described above
6 is placed in the container 17 of FIG. 3 and placed between the substances 19 and 20 having different coefficients of thermal expansion. This is given heat energy by the heating device 21 and heated. There are 20 having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion on the outside and 19 having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion on the inside than one. When this is heated, the two substances begin to expand thermally, so that the container 17 between 19 and 20 is heated or pressurized. Therefore, by heating, the oprate or the like that constitutes the sheets 10 and 16 in the container or the liquid that is easily vaporized is vaporized. Raw material sheet 1 inside the container 17 when it is heated and pressurized
Slow sintering is performed on 0 and 16 to form a shape corresponding to the container 17. In this state of sintering, various things can be formed depending on the temperature, pressure and time. When heating is over, two substances 2
0 and 19 are cooled to the original state, the container 17 is completely taken out, the lid 23 of the container 17 is removed, and the shaped raw material is taken out. 19 and 20, stainless steel and copper. Quartz glass and stainless steel. There is also a combination of copper and aluminum.

【００２８】容器は底と蓋のみで四囲をガラス等、加熱
と加圧により形の変わるもので囲んだものも用いられ
る。原料に付着する場合はその部分のみを切削又は削除
する。As the container, it is also possible to use a container in which only the bottom and the lid are surrounded by four enclosures such as glass and the like whose shape is changed by heating and pressurization. If it adheres to the raw material, cut or remove only that part.

【００２９】前記の様にして積層シート１０又は１６を
焼き固めたものの内、超電導特性を持ち又は近似の特性
を持つものは形成済として使用する。表面に不必要物質
を含み又は付着したものはその部分を切削や研磨によつ
て除く。そしてこの超電導物質前駆体にレーザーによる
加工を行う。図４の様に焼き固めた前駆体２４を支持物
２５で支持し流体の介在する中でレーザーの光をだす装
置２６より発生したレーザー光をレンズ、プリズム、鏡
等を有する調整装置２７を通じて照射地点や形状を調整
して前駆体２４の照射地点２８を照射し超電導特性を得
るのに必要な温度と時間を持続して２４に超電導特性を
付与する。レーザー光源を増加、又は分光等により同時
に多くの地点を照射加工できる。２９は光の通過する物
質で出来た窓である。３０、３１は加工物に加圧その他
の作用を行はしめるための流体の流入口や流出口であ
る。Among the laminated sheets 10 or 16 which have been baked and hardened as described above, those having superconducting characteristics or having similar characteristics are used as formed. If unnecessary substances are contained or adhered to the surface, the part is removed by cutting or polishing. Then, the superconducting material precursor is processed by laser. As shown in FIG. 4, the solidified precursor 24 is supported by the support 25, and the laser light generated from the laser light emitting device 26 in the presence of the fluid is irradiated through the adjusting device 27 having lenses, prisms, mirrors and the like. The irradiation point 28 of the precursor 24 is irradiated by adjusting the point and the shape, and the temperature and the time necessary for obtaining the superconducting characteristic are maintained to give the superconducting characteristic to the 24. It is possible to irradiate and process many points at the same time by increasing the number of laser light sources or by spectroscopy. Reference numeral 29 is a window made of a material through which light passes. Reference numerals 30 and 31 denote fluid inlets and outlets for exerting pressure and other effects on the workpiece.

【００３０】図４の様なレーザの照射地点２８は図５の
Ａ点の様に不連続なので照射地点が溶融状態になつたと
しても２４は支持物２５によつて支持せられる連続した
剛性部分Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、で出来ている２９で支持せられて
いる。次いで冷却によつて２８が剛性を有すると、末照
射地点をＢ、Ｃ、Ｄのいずれかを不連続に照射して、照
射と冷却を繰り返し順次全体に及ぼす。レーザー照射加
工時、気体を介在せしめ、この気体を加工装置内に封じ
る事が出来るのでその気体の特性や圧力を利用して加工
出来る。Since the laser irradiation point 28 as shown in FIG. 4 is discontinuous like the point A in FIG. 5, even if the irradiation point is in a molten state, 24 is a continuous rigid portion supported by the support 25. It is supported by 29 made of B, C and D. Next, if 28 has rigidity due to cooling, one of B, C, and D is irradiated discontinuously at the final irradiation point, and irradiation and cooling are repeated to sequentially and entirely affect the whole. A gas can be interposed during laser irradiation processing and this gas can be sealed in the processing equipment, so processing can be performed using the characteristics and pressure of the gas.

【００３１】図６の様に平面的に特性の異となる二つの
３２、３３、の超電導物質を配置しその境界が弧状にな
る様に内側に、３２、外側に３３と異なるものを配置し
た平面状物３４は条件によつて外側３３に電流が流れ内
側３２には電流が流れない場合を生ず。この場合電流の
入力点３５出力点３６を結ぶ弧状に電流の流路が弧状的
分布を有して形成され電流が流れる。この事は弧状に応
じた磁界を生じコイルのスパイラルを弧状形になる様に
平面的に切り取られた一部分の磁界と相似する。As shown in FIG. 6, two superconducting substances 32 and 33 having different characteristics in plan view are arranged, and 32 different from 33 are arranged inside so that their boundaries are arcuate. The planar object 34 does not cause a case where a current flows through the outer side 33 and a current does not flow through the inner side 32 depending on conditions. In this case, a current flow path is formed in an arc shape connecting the current input point 35 and the output point 36 with an arc distribution, and the current flows. This resembles a part of the magnetic field that is cut out in a plane so that the spiral of the coil forms an arc shape by generating a magnetic field corresponding to the arc shape.

【００３２】図７Ａの様に図６の平面状物３４の中に穴
３７を垂直方向に明け磁石又はコイル等３８を平面状物
３４に垂直方向に通した図７Ａの平面状物又は、図７Ｂ
の様に３４の積層物は磁界の変化を穴を通るもの３８に
影響せしめることができる。As shown in FIG. 7A, a hole 37 is vertically formed in the flat object 34 of FIG. 6, and a magnet or coil 38 is passed through the flat object 34 in the vertical direction. 7B
As such, a stack of 34 can affect changes in the magnetic field to those passing through the holes 38.

【００３３】[0033]

【実施例】図８は凹面を有する超電導物質又は前駆体の
形成のため凹面３９を持つ容器４０に積層シート１０又
は１６を入れて穴４１を有する容器の蓋４２を容器には
めこみこの容器に作用する面を持つた熱膨張率の異なる
二つの、熱膨張率が小さい物質２０と熱膨張率の大きい
物質１９に挟まれたものである。加熱加工を行ない凹面
を有する加工物をつくる。半球形も作れるし、半球形を
二つ合わせて球形にすることが出来る。FIG. 8 shows a container 40 having a concave surface 39 for forming a superconducting material or precursor having a concave surface, the laminated sheet 10 or 16 is put therein, and a container lid 42 having a hole 41 is fitted into the container to act on this container. It is sandwiched between two substances 20 having a small thermal expansion coefficient and a material 19 having a large thermal expansion coefficient. Heat processing is performed to produce a work piece having a concave surface. You can also make a hemisphere, or you can combine two hemispheres into a sphere.

【００３４】[0034]

【実施例】図９は銅、銀等の導電体４３をシート４４に
片方に多く片方に少なく超電導物質４５と混合せしめて
配置した物を積層し導電体と超電導物質の二種類以上の
原料との混合状態を傾斜的に配置したものである。熱膨
張率差を利用することやレーザー加工により焼き固めら
れた形状にする。この事によつてシート４４は気化して
なくなる。超電導物質に導電体又はそれ以外の物を使用
したりする。これらに網状物などを補強材として加えて
傾斜状配置が出来る。EXAMPLE FIG. 9 shows a case in which a conductor 43 such as copper or silver is mixed in a sheet 44 in a large amount on one side and a small amount on one side and mixed with a superconducting substance 45 to form a stack of two or more raw materials of a conductor and a superconducting substance. The mixed state of is arranged in an inclined manner. The shape is hardened by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficient or by laser processing. As a result, the seat 44 vaporizes and disappears. A conductor or other material is used as the superconducting material. A net-like material or the like may be added to these as a reinforcing material to provide an inclined arrangement.

【００３５】[0035]

【実施例】図１０の様に熱膨張率の小さい２０と大きい
１９の円筒の間に超電導物質の原料の積層シート１０又
は１６を挟んで加熱加圧を行ない焼き固めたものを得る
とき外筒を冷却することにより冷却した方の焼き固めの
密度を低くし、又は粗粒化する。従つて一方は超電導に
用いる事が出来る密度その他を持つているが一方はそう
ではない、加熱加圧されたものを取り出し密度の低い方
に銅、ガラス等の物質を、粗密度の焼き固めの隙間の部
分に溶解流動化せしめて埋めその部分を有する事による
特性を発揮せしめる。焼き固め作用を行つたものは、内
筒２０を、冷却縮小せしめて軸方向に抜き去り、次いで
１９を加熱し１０、１６を冷却して軸方向に抜く。接触
面を離れやすくするため、接触面に、この作用の温度で
変化反応しないセラミツクス等の粉末を介在せしめる事
が出来る。EXAMPLE As shown in FIG. 10, a laminated sheet 10 or 16 of a raw material of a superconducting substance is sandwiched between cylinders 20 and 19 having a small coefficient of thermal expansion, and heating and pressurization is performed to obtain a cured product. By cooling, the density of the hardened product in the cooled one is lowered, or the grains are coarsened. Therefore, one has a density that can be used for superconductivity and the like, but the other one is not so, take out the heated and pressurized one, and lower the density of the material such as copper, glass, etc. It fills the gap by melting and fluidizing it, and exhibits the characteristics by having that part. In the case of performing the hardening and hardening action, the inner cylinder 20 is cooled and reduced to be removed in the axial direction, and then 19 is heated and 10 and 16 are cooled to be removed in the axial direction. In order to facilitate the separation of the contact surface, it is possible to interpose a powder such as ceramics, which does not change and react at the temperature of this action, on the contact surface.

【００３６】[0036]

【実施例】図１１の様に熱膨張の差を利用して形成した
もの又はそれをレーザー加工により作られた超電導性を
有する円筒形超電導物質４６の円筒の外側に溝４７を作
り銅、銀、鉛、導電プラスチツクス、等伸縮を吸収し柔
軟性を持つた物質４８を埋める。円筒４６は溝に埋めた
軸方向に伸びる４８を有し、円形の磁石の集合体４９を
円筒の外にはめる。図１２は図１１の軸方向の断面図で
ある。電流を５０の端子を通じて５０より５３の方へ又
はその反対方向に円筒の軸の方へ一方より一方へ流す事
により超電導物質は超電導条件下では反磁性を生じ磁石
を押し廻す力を生じる。次いで、電流を大きくして超電
導性特性を壊して反磁性を無くせば、磁石は反磁性の妨
害を受けずに慣性により回転移動せしめる。次いで超電
導性を生じせしめる条件の電流を流して反磁性を生じせ
しめて磁石を押し廻す力を生じせしめ、これを繰り返し
て磁石を廻転せしめる。又図の様にこの円筒等は冷却流
体を有するガラス管５１内に納めることが出来る。５２
は超電導体物質を支持するシヤフトで５１の外に出てい
る。５５及び５６は冷却流体の入口又は出口である。EXAMPLE As shown in FIG. 11, a groove 47 is formed on the outer side of a cylinder of a superconducting material 46 formed by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion or a superconducting cylindrical material 46 produced by laser processing. , A lead, a conductive plastic, or the like, which is filled with a flexible material 48 that absorbs expansion and contraction. Cylinder 46 has an axially extending 48 that is embedded in a groove to fit a circular magnet assembly 49 out of the cylinder. FIG. 12 is a sectional view in the axial direction of FIG. By passing an electric current through the terminals of 50 toward 53 from 50 or in the opposite direction from one to the other toward the axis of the cylinder, the superconducting material undergoes diamagnetism under superconducting conditions, producing a force that pushes the magnet around. Next, if the electric current is increased to destroy the superconducting property and eliminate the diamagnetism, the magnet is rotated by the inertia without being disturbed by the diamagnetism. Then, a current is passed under conditions that cause superconductivity to cause diamagnetism and force to push the magnet around, and this is repeated to rotate the magnet. Further, as shown in the figure, this cylinder or the like can be housed in a glass tube 51 having a cooling fluid. 52
Is out of 51 with a shaft supporting superconductor material. 55 and 56 are cooling fluid inlets or outlets.

【００３７】[0037]

【実施例】図１３の様に円筒形の二重ガラス管５９のど
ちらか一方の端６０又は６１又は両端が開いている物
に、円筒形超電導物質６２の外又は内側、１３図では外
側表面に銅、銀等導電性物６３を軸方向に規則性を持つ
て平行に超電導物質６２と交互に現われる様に付着せし
めた物又は超電導物質と導体を交互に組み合わせた物を
差し込み開口部６０、又は６１に冷却流体の通路６４を
有するガラス管密閉用蓋６５と接続する。この二重管内
に納められた円筒形超電導物質を有する冷却流体が作用
する効果を有する内部真空の二重ガラス構造を有する二
重ガラス管の外又は内に図１３では外側に磁石６６を配
置する事により、前記図１１、図１２の所で述べた様に
磁石に回転力を与えることが出来る。図１４は図１３の
軸に直角な断面である。５９は二重ガラス管であり６７
の部分は６４よりの冷却流体がある部分であり５８は二
重ガラス管の内室で真空又は低圧になつている。EXAMPLE As shown in FIG. 13, one or both ends 60 or 61 of a cylindrical double glass tube 59 or the both ends of which are open, the outer surface or the inner surface of a cylindrical superconducting substance 62, the outer surface in FIG. A conductive material 63 such as copper or silver is attached to the superconducting material 62 so as to alternately appear parallel to the superconducting material 62 with regularity in the axial direction, or a material obtained by alternately combining the superconducting material and the conductor is inserted into the opening 60, Alternatively, it is connected to a glass tube sealing lid 65 having a cooling fluid passage 64 at 61. A magnet 66 is arranged outside or in FIG. 13 on the outside in FIG. 13 of a double glass tube having an internal vacuum double glass structure having the effect of acting a cooling fluid having a cylindrical superconducting substance contained in this double tube. As a result, it is possible to apply a rotational force to the magnet as described in FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG. 14 is a cross section perpendicular to the axis of FIG. 59 is a double glass tube and 67
Is a part having a cooling fluid from 64, and 58 is a vacuum or low pressure in the inner chamber of the double glass tube.

【００３８】[0038]

【実施例】図１５は６８の平面状超電導体物の表面に弧
状を有する導体６９を有するもので、６８を貫いている
通路７０及び７１を有し、この通路は光を通すガラス等
の物質７２と７３の通路になつている。超電導の条件下
においては、弧状の導体に囲まれた物質７２もそうでな
い物質７３も同じ条件であるが、超電導の条件外の電流
が流れると電流は導体６９を流れ超電導６８との間に発
熱の差を生じ弧状導体に囲まれた通路７０の中に有る７
２及びそれを通過する光は影響を受ける。７２が熱によ
り屈折率を変化せしめるものであれば、通過する光はそ
の変化を受け７２と対応する７３を通る光と異なる屈折
率その他の性質を得る。FIG. 15 shows a conductor 69 having an arcuate shape on the surface of a planar superconducting material 68, which has passages 70 and 71 passing through 68. The passages are made of a material such as glass that allows light to pass therethrough. It leads to the passage of 72 and 73. Under the superconducting condition, the substance 72 surrounded by the arc-shaped conductors and the substance 73 not surrounded by the arc-shaped conductors have the same condition. However, when a current other than the superconducting condition flows, the current flows through the conductor 69 and generates heat between the superconducting 68. 7 in the passage 70 surrounded by the arc conductor.
2 and the light passing through it are affected. If 72 changes the refractive index by heat, the light passing therethrough undergoes the change and obtains a refractive index and other properties different from the light passing through 72 corresponding to 72.

【００３９】[0039]

【実施例】図１６Ａは平面状超電導物質７４に熱によつ
て通過する光の屈折率を変化せしめる物質７７を通す穴
７６を垂直に明けたものである。そして、その平面状超
電導体の表面、裏面、側面等、図１６Ａにおいては表面
と穴の側面に電流によつて発熱を生ずる導電体７８を付
着せしめたものである。電流は端子７５又は７９を通し
て一方から一方へと流れる時、超電導条件下であれば超
電導物質を通り導体には流れないが、超電導条件下でな
ければ導体の方を流れて超電導物質には流れない。導体
へ流れた電流は電流の大きさや有する発熱物質のため発
熱し、穴７６を通る物質７７に影響を与えその物質を通
る光に変化を与える。16A is a plan view of a hole 76 through which a substance 77 for changing the refractive index of light passing by heat is passed through a planar superconducting substance 74. 16A, conductors 78 that generate heat due to an electric current are attached to the front surface, the back surface, the side surfaces, etc. of the planar superconductor in FIG. 16A. When the electric current flows from one side to the other side through the terminals 75 or 79, it does not flow through the superconducting substance to the conductor under the superconducting condition, but does not flow to the superconducting substance under the superconducting condition. . The current flowing to the conductor generates heat due to the magnitude of the current and the heat-generating substance that it has, affecting the substance 77 passing through the hole 76 and changing the light passing through that substance.

【００４０】[0040]

【効果】超電導物質に必要な原料を粉砕して気化又は溶
解する物質で固定せしめてシート状にして使用すること
は混合用機器を使用する時の混合状態の均質化と比べて
正確に量と位置を指定出来どの地点をとつても、どの面
積でも垂直の混合比は、その必要な条件を満している。
従来の方法ではこの様な正確さを有さない。従来の方法
では何回も混合作業を行なう事が必要である。本発明は
一回の積層で混合比を得る。[Effect] It is more accurate than the homogenization of the mixing state when using a mixing device to use the material required for the superconducting substance in a sheet form by crushing and fixing it with a substance that vaporizes or dissolves. The position can be specified and the vertical mixing ratio in any area at any point satisfies the necessary condition.
Conventional methods do not have this accuracy. In the conventional method, it is necessary to perform the mixing work many times. In the present invention, the mixing ratio is obtained by one lamination.

【００４１】原料をシート状に配置するときマスクを用
いて二種類以上の原料を同一平面に色々の形状通りに配
置できるため、互いに入れ違いの形にすることが出来又
細かく点在せしめる事が出来るので電流の超電導物質に
対する出力入力の接続部分を確実に行なう事が出来る。
小量のピンどめ用不純物等も正確に配置出来る。超電導
用の原料及びその他色々の原料の粉末又は繊維形、平
形、粉形、等の通電用の銅、銀、カーボン繊維又は耐熱
用の耐熱性プラスチツク等をシートを利用して配置する
のに傾斜的に行へばその特性も傾斜的に現われる。電
流、発熱、冷却、剛性、柔軟性等の特性が傾斜的に現わ
れる。従来の方法ではこの様な混合や配置を加熱加工の
前段階において容易に得る事ができない。When the raw materials are arranged in the form of a sheet, two or more kinds of raw materials can be arranged in the same plane in various shapes by using a mask, so that the raw materials can be mixed with each other and can be finely scattered. Therefore, the connection part of the output and the input to the superconducting material of the current can be surely made.
Accurate placement of small amounts of pinning impurities. Gradient for arranging copper, silver, carbon fiber or heat resistant plastics for heat conduction such as powder or fiber type, flat type, powder type, etc. of superconducting raw material and various other raw materials using a sheet If you go to a certain place, its characteristics also appear in a gradual manner. Characteristics such as electric current, heat generation, cooling, rigidity and flexibility appear in an inclined manner. In the conventional method, such mixing and arrangement cannot be easily obtained before the heat processing.

【００４２】原料を固定するのに気化しやすい物で固定
する事ができるので、常温程度の温度で積層の隙間から
容易に気化発散することができ配合位置に変化を与えな
い。又溶解しやすいもので固定したときも比較的低温で
処理でき焼却ガス化して発散せしめる事ができ配合位置
を移動せしめるエネルギーを低く押える事が出来る。従
来の方法にくらべて容易に正確に混合した原料を得る事
ができる。Since it is possible to fix the raw material with a substance that is easily vaporized, the raw material can be easily vaporized and diverged from the gap between the laminated layers at a temperature of about room temperature and the mixing position is not changed. Moreover, even if it is fixed with a substance that easily dissolves, it can be processed at a relatively low temperature and can be incinerated gasified to be diffused, and the energy for moving the mixing position can be suppressed low. As compared with the conventional method, it is possible to easily and accurately obtain a mixed raw material.

【００４３】熱膨張率の異なる二つの物質の膨張率の差
を利用してその間に積層シートを置き加熱と加圧を同時
に作用さす事は温度が上がり原料に柔軟性が生ずるとそ
の加熱に応じて加圧も行はれるので密度が密になる。原
料の積層物を容器その他にて保持して加熱するので原料
の熱エネルギーがあがると原料が加圧されるのでその圧
力にたいして大幅な位置移動は困難でありその熱エネル
ギーを受け取る。前段階において焼き固めた超電導物質
製造用の前駆体を得ることは容易である。Utilizing the difference in expansion coefficient between two substances having different thermal expansion coefficients, placing a laminated sheet between them and simultaneously applying heating and pressurizing means that when the temperature rises and the raw material becomes flexible, it responds to the heating. Pressurization is also performed, so the density becomes dense. Since the laminate of the raw material is held and heated in a container or the like, when the thermal energy of the raw material rises, the raw material is pressurized, and it is difficult to move the position significantly with respect to the pressure, and the thermal energy is received. It is easy to obtain a precursor for manufacturing a superconducting material which has been baked and solidified in the previous step.

【００４４】混合物と反応し難いステンレス、セラミツ
クス、等の耐熱物の容器に混合物を納めて加熱を行なう
事により炉材や熱膨張用物質の超電導物質への混入を防
ぐことが出来る。従来では主に炉によつて行ふので加熱
と加圧を同時に行なえないし炉材の反応や混入を防ぐの
には高価な炉材を用いなければならなずコストが高くな
る。又出来あがつた物の構成、混合比、再現性が本発明
に比して不安定である。By placing the mixture in a container of a heat-resistant material such as stainless steel, ceramics, etc., which is hard to react with the mixture and heating the mixture, it is possible to prevent the furnace material and the material for thermal expansion from mixing into the superconducting material. Conventionally, heating and pressurization cannot be performed at the same time mainly by using a furnace, and expensive furnace materials must be used to prevent reaction and mixing of the furnace materials, resulting in high cost. Further, the composition, mixing ratio and reproducibility of the finished product are unstable as compared with the present invention.

【００４５】積層物を加熱加圧する時その容器形により
凹面を持つたものを作る事が出来るが、これは反磁性も
この様な形になるので中央に磁石を置いた場合周りの反
磁性に対抗して凹面より脱出する力は平面の場合に比し
て大きなものが必要であり中央の位置での安定度は高
い。半球状の物を作れるしこれを二個合わせると球状に
なる。When the laminate is heated and pressed, it is possible to make a container having a concave surface depending on the shape of the container, but this is also the shape of diamagnetism. The force to escape from the concave surface in opposition is required to be larger than that in the case of a flat surface, and the stability at the central position is high. You can make a hemispherical object, and if you combine two of these, it becomes a spherical shape.

【００４６】レーザーを用いて加工物の一部分づつ加熱
するので他の部分は固体である、従つて加熱溶融する部
分を周囲の固体が支持体として支持しており加熱装置と
の直接の接触しないで加工出来る。従来の炉又は、坩堝
に入れるのでは炉材の混入や消耗があつた。Since the laser is used to heat the work piece by piece, the other part is solid, and therefore the surrounding solid supports the part to be heated and melted without direct contact with the heating device. Can be processed. In the conventional furnace or crucible, the furnace material was mixed and consumed.

【００４７】レーザーにて加工の時、加工物を気体の中
において加工出来る、この気体は圧力を有し又は加工物
と反応するものを用いる事が出来るので、加工物に酸素
を供給するため酸素を含んだ圧力を有する気体下におい
て加工出来る。反応を禁じる場合は窒素を使用する。気
体に圧力を有せしめれば、加工物の加熱作業中に加工物
の滴下や盛り上がりを修正するため圧力を掛けて加工す
ることができる。超電導特性を有する部分を必要とする
のは表面のみで良い場合が有るので中心部分は加工の必
要の無い場合がある。レーザーで小部分づつ加工出来る
ので、その加熱加工条件によつて超電導特性に変化を与
える事ができる。この事は加熱部分の特性の差が大きい
場合一定の条件の下では、超電導特性を有する部分と有
しない部分が有り、別の条件下では両方とも特性を有す
る事がある。この二つの部分の形や面積や配置は色々の
組合せができる。従来は均一性を求められ、不均等であ
つても規則的、配置的な意図したものは求められていな
い。不均等であつてもその大きさや規則性、配置性によ
り均一性に近い特性を持つたものを作る事が出来る。When processing with a laser, the work piece can be processed in a gas. Since this gas that has pressure or reacts with the work piece can be used, oxygen is supplied to supply oxygen to the work piece. It can be processed under a gas having a pressure including. Nitrogen is used to inhibit the reaction. If the gas has a pressure, it is possible to perform processing by applying pressure in order to correct the dripping or swelling of the workpiece during the heating operation of the workpiece. In some cases, only the surface needs to have a portion having superconducting properties, and thus the central portion may not need to be processed. Since the laser can be used to process small parts, it is possible to change the superconducting properties depending on the heating conditions. This means that when the difference in the characteristics of the heated portion is large, under certain conditions, there are portions that have superconducting characteristics and portions that do not have superconducting characteristics, and under other conditions both may have characteristics. The shapes, areas, and arrangements of these two parts can be variously combined. In the past, uniformity was required, and even if it was uneven, there was no requirement for what was intended in a regular or arranged manner. Even if they are non-uniform, it is possible to make ones that have characteristics close to uniformity due to their size, regularity, and arrangement.

【００４８】円筒形超電導物質のその表面に蒸着や付着
又は予め溝を作り銅、鉛、導電プラスチックス、等を埋
めたり蒸着や付着する事は超電導物質のひび割れ等の破
壊を防ぐのに役立つ事である。この円筒が軸の方向に伸
びる電導性をもつた伸縮を吸収しやわらげる物質を有す
る事は、この円筒の内又は外側にはめられた磁石又はコ
イル等に対して回転エネルギーを与える時、有効に作用
する。円筒の一方より一方へ電流を流すことは超電導発
生の条件下の電流であれば磁石に反発力を与え磁石を押
し動かす。次いで超電導発生の条件外の電流なれば超電
導の性質が壊れ、溝を埋めた導電体を通つて流れる。こ
のことは、磁石に対する反発力は極小となり廻転せしめ
られた磁石はその惰性によつて抵抗を、ほとんど受けず
に他の地点と相対する。次いで超電導発生値の電流を流
して磁石に反発廻転エネルギーを与える。この事は電流
を大きくしたり、小さくしたり変化せしめる事により磁
石を廻転せしめる事が出来る。電流の断続によらないで
出来る。Vapor deposition or adhesion on the surface of the cylindrical superconducting substance or burying copper, lead, conductive plastics, etc. or depositing vapor or adhering in advance on the surface of the superconducting substance is useful for preventing damage such as cracking of the superconducting substance. Is. The fact that this cylinder has a substance that absorbs expansion and contraction having electrical conductivity that extends in the direction of the axis and softens it is effective when applying rotational energy to a magnet or coil fitted inside or outside this cylinder. To do. Passing a current from one side of the cylinder to the other side gives a repulsive force to the magnet and pushes the magnet if it is a current under the condition of superconductivity. Next, if the electric current is out of the condition for generating superconductivity, the property of superconductivity is broken and the electric current flows through the conductor filling the groove. This means that the repulsive force on the magnet is minimal and the rotated magnet faces the other points with little resistance due to its inertia. Then, a current having a superconducting generation value is passed to give repulsive rotation energy to the magnet. This makes it possible to rotate the magnet by increasing or decreasing the electric current. It can be done without interruption of electric current.

【００４９】平面的に配置された弧状を有する境界を持
つ、異なる特性を持つた複数の超電導物質によつて生ず
る磁界を有する平面膜状物を積層することによりコイル
の磁界と似た磁界を持つ事が出来る、このため超電導物
質の線状物をコイル化したものより、層と層との間に冷
却材として穴を持つ冷却用材や冷却流体を使用する事が
でき発熱の冷却効果が大きい。A magnetic field similar to that of a coil is obtained by stacking planar film-like materials having a magnetic field generated by a plurality of superconducting materials having different characteristics and having arc-shaped boundaries arranged in a plane. Therefore, a cooling material or a cooling fluid having a hole between layers can be used as a cooling material or a cooling fluid as a cooling material between layers, so that a cooling effect of heat generation is larger than that of a coiled wire of a superconducting material.

【００５０】前記のこの弧状境界を持つ平面状物を積層
したものは、その弧状の方向を揃え又は反対に交互に積
層したものを得る事が出来るし、平面状物の厚さも任意
の物が得られる。この積層物の単層は平面的に動かすこ
とが可能であり、積層の内外へ出し入れ運動を行ふ事が
出来る。従つて積層物全体として磁界、磁力の変化を連
続して行ふ事が出来る。A laminated product of the above-mentioned planar objects having an arcuate boundary can be obtained by alternately laminating the arcuate directions in the same direction or in the opposite direction, and the planar object can be any thickness. can get. A single layer of this stack can be moved in a plane and can be moved in and out of the stack. Therefore, it is possible to continuously change the magnetic field and the magnetic force of the entire laminate.

【００５１】前記の各層を流れる電流をコントロールす
る事が出来る事により、各層の磁界が変化する事が出来
るので積層されたもの全体として色々変化した値をもつ
たものができる。各層の電流が情報を伝えているのなら
ばその全体的変化を積層コイル状物の変化と見る事が出
来る。従つて各層を入力と見、積層全体を出力と見る事
が出来る。この出力を積層全体と見て、これに対するコ
イル、磁性物、半導体等に出力に相対する変化を与える
事が出来る。各層に条件外の電流が流れたら電流が電極
間に短絡したり、抵抗が大きくなつて弧状なコイル状的
な電流が流れない。弧状様に流れる電流とショート状に
端子間を流れる電流とは時間において差が出来る。By controlling the current flowing through each of the layers, the magnetic field of each layer can be changed, so that the laminated body as a whole can have various varied values. If the current in each layer conveys information, the overall change can be regarded as a change in the laminated coiled material. Therefore, each layer can be viewed as an input and the entire stack can be viewed as an output. By viewing this output as the entire stack, it is possible to apply a change relative to the output to the coil, magnetic material, semiconductor, etc. corresponding to this. If a current out of the conditions flows in each layer, the current is short-circuited between the electrodes, or the resistance increases and an arc-shaped coil-shaped current does not flow. There is a time difference between the arc-shaped current and the short-circuited current flowing between the terminals.

【００５２】オブラート等により細かい配置ができるの
で細かい特性の違いを規則的に持つたものや、均一性と
見なしてよい微差の特性を持つたものを作れる。レーザ
ー等で膜状物に微細な穴を明ける事が出来るので、その
穴を通る大きさの原料を別のそれ以上の小さい穴のあい
た膜状物で受けて配置したシート状物が作れる。Since a fine arrangement can be made by means of a wafer or the like, it is possible to make one having a fine difference in characteristics regularly or one having a characteristic of a slight difference which can be regarded as uniformity. Since it is possible to make fine holes in a film with a laser or the like, it is possible to make a sheet-like product in which a raw material of a size passing through the hole is received by another film-like product having smaller holes.

【００５３】００３７に述べた様に超電導体の表面又は
穴の側面に有る発熱をする導体によりその穴を通る、熱
により屈折率を変化せしめる物質を通過する光は変化を
受ける、この事は光を、光の分岐器を通して対応する二
つに分岐して一方をこの熱により変化をうける物質を通
し再び分岐器にいたらしめると熱を受けない場合はなん
ら変化はないが熱を受けて分岐器に達した時はその屈折
率の変化によつて熱を受けない時と比べて進路に変化が
起こる。この事は同じ光を二つに分光して一方をこの物
質を通す事により、その電流の断続によらず流量の大少
により発熱の有無が決まり一方を別の進路に変える事が
出来る又その事は光の進路の変化の有無が決まる。光の
進路の切り替えに利用出来る。As described in 0037, the light passing through the hole by the heat-generating conductor on the surface of the superconductor or the side surface of the hole is changed, and the light passing through the substance whose refractive index is changed by heat is changed. If there is no heat when the light is branched into two corresponding parts and one of them is passed through a substance that is changed by this heat and it is returned to the branch, there is no change but the heat is received When the temperature reaches, the course of the course changes due to the change in the refractive index as compared with when the heat is not received. This means that by splitting the same light into two and passing one through this substance, the presence or absence of heat generation is determined by the magnitude of the flow rate regardless of the interruption of the current, and one can be changed to another path. The thing is, the presence or absence of a change in the path of light is determined. It can be used to switch the path of light.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】原料をシート上に配置し固定化し積層物を得る
説明の横面図である。FIG. 1 is a lateral view for explaining a method of placing a raw material on a sheet and fixing the raw material to obtain a laminate.

【図２】原料を移動するものの上に配置し気化しやすい
液体を付与して固化する説明の横面図である。FIG. 2 is a lateral view of an explanation in which a raw material is placed on a moving object, and a liquid that easily vaporizes is applied and solidified.

【図３】熱膨張率の異なる物質による原料への加熱加圧
する説明の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view for explaining heating and pressurizing a raw material with substances having different thermal expansion coefficients.

【図４】レーザーで前駆体を加工する説明の横断面図で
ある。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining processing a precursor with a laser.

【図５】レーザー加工の前駆体の照射点並びに照射順の
説明の上面図である。FIG. 5 is a top view for explaining an irradiation point of a precursor of laser processing and an irradiation order.

【図６】特性の異なる二つの超電導物質を平面的に配置
し境界を弧状にした平面物の上面図。FIG. 6 is a top view of a plane object in which two superconducting materials having different characteristics are arranged in a plane and the boundary is arcuate.

【図７Ａ】図６の中心部に光や磁石や電線等の通過出来
る穴をあけた物の上面図。7A is a top view of an object in which a hole through which light, a magnet, an electric wire, or the like can pass is formed in the center portion of FIG.

【図７Ｂ】図７Ａを積層した物の断面図。7B is a cross-sectional view of the product obtained by stacking FIG. 7A.

【図８】熱膨張率差を利用して凹面を持つたものを焼き
固める作用を行なう装置に関するものの断面図で有る。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus that performs a function of baking a material having a concave surface by utilizing a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion.

【図９】異なつた原料をシート上に傾斜的に配置し積層
せしめたものの断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet in which different raw materials are obliquely arranged and laminated.

【図１０】円筒形の熱膨張率の異なつた二つの物質の間
に原料を入れた装置の断面図である。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus in which a raw material is placed between two materials having different thermal expansion coefficients in a cylindrical shape.

【図１１】円筒形超電導物質の外表面に溝を作り他物質
を埋めた物の外側に磁石をはめたものの断面図。FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical superconducting material in which a groove is formed on the outer surface of the cylindrical superconducting material and a magnet is fitted to the outside of the material filled with another material.

【図１２】図１１の軸方向の断面図。12 is a sectional view taken along the axis of FIG.

【図１３】二重ガラス内を真空にした二重ガラス管の中
に冷却流体を流し超電導物質並びに導体を含む円筒形物
を配置した物の軸方向の断面図。FIG. 13 is an axial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical glass material containing a superconducting substance and a conductor, in which a cooling fluid is caused to flow in a double glass tube in which the inside of the double glass is evacuated.

【図１４】図１３の横断面図。14 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.

【図１５】平面状超電導物質の表面に弧状を有する導体
を配置し弧状の中心部分に光の通過する物質を通す穴及
びその物質を有する物の切断面の上面図である。FIG. 15 is a top view of a hole in which a conductor having an arc shape is arranged on the surface of a planar superconducting material, a hole through which a substance through which light passes, and a cut surface of the substance having the substance are cut.

【図１６Ａ】平面状超電導物質の表面及び穴の側面に発
熱性の導体を有し穴の中に熱により屈折率を変化せしめ
る物質を有する上面図である。FIG. 16A is a top view of a planar superconducting material having a heat-generating conductor on the surface and on the side surface of the hole and having a substance in the hole for changing the refractive index by heat.

【図１６Ｂ】図１６Ａの断面図である。16B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 16A.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 原料 ２ 原料を選別するスクリーン又はマスク ３ コンベアーベルト ４ シート ５ 原料を含むシート ６ シートを溶解出来る液体の噴霧装置 ７ 噴霧装置の噴出口 ８ 乾燥装置 ９ シート切断刃 １０ 積層シート １１ 板状物 １２ 気化しやすい液体を噴霧する装置 １３ 気化しやすい液体を固化する温度を持つ気体を噴
霧する装置 １４ 板状物と原料とを引き離す刃形物 １５ 切断刃 １６ 積層シート １７ 積層シートを入れる容器 １８ 板状物 １９ 熱膨張率の大きい物質 ２０ 熱膨張率の小さい物質 ２１ 加熱装置 ２２ 熱を有する流体の通過する穴 ２３ 容器の蓋 ２４ 超電導物質の前駆体 ２５ 支持物 ２６ レーザーの光を出す装置 ２７ レーザーの調整装置 ２８ レーザーの照射地点 ２９ 光を通過せしめる物質で出来た窓 ３０ 加工物に作用せしめる流体の流入口 ３１ 加工物に作用せしめる流体の流出口 ３２ 弧の内側の部分の超電導物質 ３３ 弧の外側の部分の超電導物質 ３４ 弧状部分を持つた二つの超電導物質を持つ平面状
物 ３５ 電流入力点 ３６ 電流出力点 ３７ 超電導物質にあいた穴 ３８ 積層平面物の穴に入れた磁石又はコイル状物 ３９ 凹面 ４０ 凹面を持つ容器 ４１ 気化物の通る穴 ４２ 容器の蓋 ４３ 電導物 ４４ シート ４５ 超電導物質 ４６ 円筒形超電導物質 ４７ 溝 ４８ 柔軟性を持つ電導物質 ４９ 円形になつた磁石の集合体 ５０ 電流が流れる端子 ５１ 二重ガラス管 ５２ シヤフト形支持物 ５３ 電流が流れる端子 ５４ 断面線である。 ５５ 冷却流体の入口 ５６ 冷却流体の出口 ５７ 断面線である。 ５８ 真空又は低圧になつている二重ガラス管内部。 ５９ 二重ガラス管 ６０ 二重ガラス管の端 ６１ 二重ガラス管の端 ６２ 円形形超電導物質 ６３ 導電物質 ６４ 冷却流体の通路 ６５ ガラス管密閉用蓋 ６６ 磁石 ６７ 冷却流体通路 ６８ 平面状超電導物質 ６９ 弧状電流回路 ７０ 弧状電導体に囲まれた平面超電導物質にあいた穴 ７１ 弧状電導体のない平面状超電導物質にあいた穴 ７２ ７０の穴に有る光を通す物質 ７３ ７１の穴に有る光を通す物質 ７４ 平向状超電導物質 ７５ 端子器 ７６ 平面状超電導物質にあけた穴。 ７７ 熱によつて屈折率を変化せしめる物質 ７８ 平面状超電導物質に付着した発熱性物質 ７９ 端子 ８０ 断面を表わす線である。1 raw material 2 screen or mask for selecting raw material 3 conveyor belt 4 sheet 5 sheet containing raw material 6 spraying device for liquid capable of dissolving sheet 7 spray port of spraying device 8 drying device 9 sheet cutting blade 10 laminated sheet 11 plate-like material 12 Device for spraying liquid that is easily vaporized 13 Device for spraying gas that has a temperature that solidifies liquid that is easily vaporized 14 Blade-shaped object that separates plate-shaped material from raw material 15 Cutting blade 16 Laminated sheet 17 Container for containing laminated sheet 18 Plate Material 19 Material with high thermal expansion coefficient 20 Material with low thermal expansion coefficient 21 Heating device 22 Hole through which fluid having heat passes 23 Container lid 24 Precursor of superconducting material 25 Support 26 Device for emitting laser light 27 Laser Adjustment device 28 Laser irradiation point 29 Window made of a substance that allows light to pass 30 Acts on a work piece Fluid inlet 31 Fluid outlet for work 32 Superconducting material inside the arc 33 Superconducting material outside the arc 34 Planar with two superconducting materials with an arc 35 Current Input point 36 Current output point 37 Hole for superconducting material 38 Magnet or coil-like object placed in hole of laminated flat object 39 Concave surface 40 Container with concave surface 41 Vaporized hole 42 Container lid 43 Conductive material 44 Sheet 45 Superconducting material Material 46 Cylindrical superconducting material 47 Groove 48 Flexible conductive material 49 Assembly of magnets in a circular shape 50 Current flowing terminal 51 Double glass tube 52 Shaft type support 53 Current flowing terminal 54 Sectional line. 55 Cooling fluid inlet 56 Cooling fluid outlet 57 Cross-sectional line. 58 Inside double glass tube under vacuum or low pressure. 59 Double-Glass Tube 60 End of Double-Glass Tube 61 End of Double-Glass Tube 62 Circular Superconducting Material 63 Conductive Material 64 Passage of Cooling Fluid 65 Glass Tube Sealing Lid 66 Magnet 67 Cooling Fluid Passage 68 Planar Superconducting Material 69 Arc-shaped current circuit 70 Hole in flat superconducting material surrounded by arc-shaped conductor 71 Hole in planar superconducting material without arc-shaped conductor 72 Material for passing light in hole 70 70 Material for passing light in hole 71 71 74 horizontal superconducting substance 75 terminal device 76 hole formed in a planar superconducting substance. 77 a substance whose refractive index is changed by heat 78 a heat-generating substance attached to a planar superconducting substance 79 a terminal 80 a line showing a cross section.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.⁶ 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｈ０１Ｌ 39/24 ＺＡＡ Ｂ // Ｂ３２Ｂ 7/02 7148−4Ｆ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location H01L 39/24 ZAA B // B32B 7/02 7148-4F

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】原料を溶解又は気化しやすい物に付着せし
めて膜状とし、これを積層して溶解又は気化しやすい物
を除去し、原料の混合物又は傾斜的積層配置をした混合
物得る特徴を有する形成物。1. A feature of obtaining a mixture of raw materials or a mixture having a slanted layered arrangement by adhering the raw materials to a substance that is easily dissolved or vaporized to form a film, and stacking the materials to remove the substances that are easily dissolved or vaporized. Having formations. 【請求項２】熱膨張率の異なる二つの物質の熱膨張率の
差を利用して原料の混合物に加熱と加圧を同時に行なう
特徴を有する、形成方法による形成物。2. A formed product by a forming method, which is characterized in that a mixture of raw materials is simultaneously heated and pressed by utilizing a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between two substances having different thermal expansion coefficients. 【請求項３】超伝導物質の前駆体又は超電導物質の未完
成物をレーザーの特性を利用して加工物の部分の二箇所
以上を不連続になる様に同時に加工し次いで未加工部分
を不連続になる様に加工して順次超電導物質の特性を形
成する特徴を持つた超電導物質。3. A precursor of a superconducting material or an unfinished material of a superconducting material is simultaneously processed so as to be discontinuous at two or more parts of a processed part by utilizing the characteristics of a laser, and then the unprocessed part is not processed. A superconducting material that has the characteristic that it is processed to be continuous and the characteristics of the superconducting material are formed in sequence. 【請求項４】二種類以上の原料を有する超電導物質と導
体物質を交互に配置し又は超電導物質の表面に導体物質
を交互に配置した円筒又は棒状物の外側又は内側に磁石
を配置し円筒又は棒状物に流れる電流の変化により磁石
が受ける力が変化する特徴を持つた超電導物質を有する
機器。4. A magnet is arranged outside or inside a cylinder or rod-shaped article in which superconducting substances and conductors having two or more kinds of raw materials are alternately arranged or conductors are alternately arranged on the surface of the superconducting substance. A device that has a superconducting material characterized in that the force received by the magnet changes due to changes in the current flowing through the rod-shaped material. 【請求項５】超電導特性の異なる物質の組合せにおい
て、その境界線が弧状になる形状をしたもの、又はそれ
らを積層したもの。5. A combination of substances having different superconducting properties, the boundary line of which is arcuate or the layers of which are laminated. 【請求項６】平面状超電導物質の垂直方向に有する通路
に熱によつて光の屈折性が変化する光を通す物質を有す
るものの超電導物質の表面、側面、裏面等に熱を生ずる
導体を配置して、熱により光の進路に変化を与える特徴
をもつたもの。6. A conductor for generating heat is arranged on the front surface, side surface, back surface, etc. of a superconducting material, which has a substance that allows light to change its refraction property by heat in a passage vertically provided in a planar superconducting substance. And, it has the characteristic of changing the path of light by heat.