JPH07144996A - Production of diamond film and device therefor - Google Patents

Production of diamond film and device therefor

Info

Publication number
JPH07144996A
JPH07144996A JP33789992A JP33789992A JPH07144996A JP H07144996 A JPH07144996 A JP H07144996A JP 33789992 A JP33789992 A JP 33789992A JP 33789992 A JP33789992 A JP 33789992A JP H07144996 A JPH07144996 A JP H07144996A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
diamond
substrate
synthesis
plasma
nucleus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP33789992A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3160399B2 (en
Inventor
Shin Kiyou
辛 喬
Osamu Fukunaga
脩 福長
Tomoaki Shinoda
知顕 篠田
Koichi Yui
広一 油井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OGURA HOUSEKI SEIKI KOGYO KK
OGURA JEWEL INDUSTRY CO Ltd
Original Assignee
OGURA HOUSEKI SEIKI KOGYO KK
OGURA JEWEL INDUSTRY CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OGURA HOUSEKI SEIKI KOGYO KK, OGURA JEWEL INDUSTRY CO Ltd filed Critical OGURA HOUSEKI SEIKI KOGYO KK
Priority to JP33789992A priority Critical patent/JP3160399B2/en
Publication of JPH07144996A publication Critical patent/JPH07144996A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3160399B2 publication Critical patent/JP3160399B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a diamond film at a low cost by arranging a diamond seed close to a substrate and in plasma, transporting a nucleus as the initial nucleus in diamond synthesis on the substrate surface and synthesizing diamond. CONSTITUTION:A substrate 5 (powder sintered Ni) is placed on the substrate holder 10 of a microwave plasma CVD device, and a diamond powder 4 (synthetic or natural powder, single crystal, polycrystal sintered compact or thin film diamond) for supplying a nucleus as the initial nucleus is arranged to surround the substrate 5. A raw gas of methane/hydrogen =1/100, etc., is introduced from an inlet 6, plasma 7 is produced at about 40Torr by a microwave generator, synthesis is conducted at about 900 deg.C for about 2hr, and a diamond film is produced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 Detailed Description of the Invention

【001】[001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はダイヤモンドの気相合成
に関するものである。さらに詳しく言えば、マイクロ波
あるいは高周波等によるプラズマCVD法におけるダイ
ヤモンド膜の合成に関するものである。
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the vapor phase synthesis of diamond. More specifically, it relates to the synthesis of a diamond film in a plasma CVD method using microwaves or high frequencies.

【002】[002]

【従来の技術】ダイヤモンドは高硬度、耐摩耗性、高熱
伝導性、耐腐食性などの優れた特性を持っているために
いろいろな工業的な用途において広く利用されている。
例えば研削ホイールの砥粒、切削工具、耐摩工具、伸線
ダイス、半導体用ヒートシンク、測定用端子などに用い
られている。はじめの頃はもちろん天然のダイヤモンド
が使われていたが、その有用性から合成法が研究され
た。ダイヤモンドの合成法にはいろいろあるが現在最も
工業的に普遍的なのは高圧プレス装置を用いた超高圧、
高温での高圧高温法である。他方、近年になって新た
に、1気圧以下の低圧力雰囲気下でダイヤモンドを合成
する気相合成法が盛んに研究されるようになった。この
気相合成法は、炭化水素、水素、酸素、不活性ガスなど
の混合ガスを反応容器内に導入し、熱フィラメントによ
る電子線照射、高周波またはマイクロ波などにより炭化
水素を分解、プラズマ化し金属、セラミックスなどから
なる基板表面にダイヤモンドを析出合成する方法であ
る。
2. Description of the Related Art Since diamond has excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, it is widely used in various industrial applications.
For example, it is used for abrasive grains of grinding wheels, cutting tools, abrasion resistant tools, wire drawing dies, heat sinks for semiconductors, measuring terminals and the like. Natural diamonds were used at the beginning, but synthetic methods were studied because of their usefulness. There are various methods for synthesizing diamond, but the most industrially popular method at present is ultra-high pressure using a high-pressure press.
It is a high pressure high temperature method at high temperature. On the other hand, in recent years, a gas phase synthesis method for synthesizing diamond under a low pressure atmosphere of 1 atm or less has been actively researched. In this gas phase synthesis method, a mixed gas of hydrocarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and an inert gas is introduced into a reaction vessel, and the hydrocarbon is decomposed into plasma and metal by electron beam irradiation by a hot filament, high frequency or microwave. In this method, diamond is deposited and synthesized on the surface of a substrate made of ceramics or the like.

【003】[003]

【発明が解決しようとする問題点】ところが気相合成法
はどんな物質上にも同じようにダイヤモンドが均一に合
成できるわけではなく、基板の材質よっては合成できな
かったり、できてもダイヤモンドの粒子密度が高かった
り低かったりする。結晶の格子常数がダイヤモンドの格
子常数に近い物質を基板にすると下地の影響を受けてダ
イヤモンドが合成し易く、炭素の拡散速度の大きい物質
を基板にすると表面に結晶の核となるべきものが出来に
くいのでダイヤモンドが合成しにくいと考えられてい
る。現在もっともダイヤモンドを合成し易い基板として
よく知られている物質にSiがある。しかし、Siを基
板に用いてもその表面状態によりダイヤモンドが合成さ
れる状態は種々に変化する。表面がミラーポリッシュさ
れた状態ではほとんどダイヤモンドは合成されない。気
相合成ダイヤモンドは核発生密度の高い緻密なものほど
基板との密着力が高く、また基板から剥して自立膜とし
て用いるときも強度が高いと考えられている。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the vapor phase synthesis method, diamond cannot be uniformly synthesized on any material, and it cannot be synthesized depending on the material of the substrate. High or low density. When a substrate with a crystal lattice constant close to that of diamond is used as the substrate, diamond is easily synthesized under the influence of the base, and when a substance with a high carbon diffusion rate is used as the substrate, a substance that should become the nucleus of the crystal is formed on the surface. It is believed that diamond is difficult to synthesize because it is difficult. At present, Si is one of the most well-known materials for synthesizing diamond. However, even if Si is used as the substrate, the state in which diamond is synthesized changes variously depending on the surface state. Almost no diamond is synthesized when the surface is mirror-polished. It is considered that the denser the nucleation density of the vapor-phase synthetic diamond, the higher the adhesion to the substrate, and the higher the strength when it is peeled from the substrate and used as a self-supporting film.

【004】そこでこれらの問題の解決法が数多く考えら
れた。前処理として基板表面をダイヤモンド粉末で傷つ
け処理や、エッチング処理をすることにより表面性状を
変化させ核発生密度を高くしダイヤモンドが緻密に合成
できるようになることはよく知られていることである。
あるいは、基板表面にダイヤモンドや炭化物などの微細
粉末を直接分散塗布して核発生を促進する方法もある。
あるいは、ダイヤモンドが合成しにくい基板の表面にダ
イヤモンドが合成し易い物質の薄膜をPVD法やCVD
法で中間層として形成する方法もある。しかし、これら
の方法は基板材質に応じて条件を設定しなくてはならな
い上に、処理をすることそれ自体が手間と時間が掛か
る。基板の材質や表面性状がどのようなものであっても
前処理無しでダイヤモンドが合成できることが望まし
い。
Therefore, many solutions to these problems have been considered. It is well known that, as a pretreatment, the surface of a substrate is damaged by diamond powder, or an etching treatment is performed to change the surface properties to increase the nucleation density and allow diamond to be densely synthesized.
Alternatively, there is also a method of directly dispersing and applying a fine powder such as diamond or carbide on the substrate surface to promote nucleation.
Alternatively, a thin film of a substance on which diamond is easy to synthesize is formed on the surface of a substrate on which diamond is difficult to synthesize by PVD method or CVD.
There is also a method of forming an intermediate layer by a method. However, in these methods, the conditions have to be set according to the substrate material, and the processing itself takes time and effort. It is desirable that diamond can be synthesized without any pretreatment regardless of the material and surface properties of the substrate.

【005】[0095]

【問題点を解決するための手段】マイクロ波プラズマC
VD法あるいは高周波プラズマCVD法において、少な
くとも合成初期に基板の近傍でかつプラズマの中にダイ
ヤモンドを配置することにより前記基板表面へダイヤモ
ンド合成の初期核となる核を輸送せしめてから、前記基
板表面上へダイヤモンドを合成する。配置するダイヤモ
ンドはダイヤモンドでありさえすればよく高圧合成ある
いは気相合成などの合成でも天然でもかまわない。ま
た、性状も粉末、単結晶、多結晶、焼結体あるいは薄膜
でもよい。粉末についてはミクロンサイズといわれる微
粒のものから、メッシュサイズといわれる粗粒のものま
で全てが適用できる。また、プラズマの発生手段はマイ
クロ波あるいは高周波に限らず、他の方法でもよい。
イヤモンドを配置する位置は合成中に基板を包含するプ
ラズマ中か、あるいは配置するダイヤモンドを包含する
目的で別に発生させたプラズマ中であり、しかも基板に
核の発生源となる活性種を輸送できる距離内にあればよ
い。従って前記条件を満たせばダイヤモンドを基板の上
下左右どこの位置に配置してもよい。
[Means for Solving Problems] Microwave Plasma C
In the VD method or the high frequency plasma CVD method,
Die near the substrate and in the plasma at the beginning of synthesis.
A diamond is placed on the surface of the substrate by placing a yamond.
After transporting the nucleus that is the initial nucleus of the
Synthesize diamond on the plate surface. Diagram to be placed
The diamond is a diamond, and it is high pressure synthesis.
It may be synthetic such as gas phase synthesis or natural. Well
Also, the property is powder, single crystal, polycrystal, sintered body or thin film.
But it's okay. The powder is called micron size
From coarse particles to coarse particles called mesh size.
Can apply all. In addition, the plasma generation means is my
The method is not limited to black waves or high frequencies, and other methods may be used. Da
The position where the earmonds are placed depends on the plate containing the substrate during synthesis.
Includes diamonds in or out of plasma
The plasma was generated separately for the purpose,
As long as it is within a distance that can transport active species that are the source of nuclear
Yes. Therefore, if the above conditions are met, diamond will be placed on the substrate.
It may be placed anywhere on the bottom left or right.

【006】[0096]

【作用】基板近傍のプラズマ中にダイヤモンドを配置す
るとプラズマのエネルギーによりプラズマ中に配置した
ダイヤモンドから核の発生源となるべき活性種がプラズ
マ中に拡散していく。この活性種は基板の表面に輸送さ
れ合成初期における核の発生源となる。この活性種はダ
イヤモンド結晶構造の非常に微細な粒子と考えられ、い
わゆる核ほどには大きくないが原料ガスから発生する種
々のラジカルよりは大きい塊と考えられる。この活性種
はNi、Feなどの炭素の拡散速度の大きい物質の基板
表面に輸送されても内部に拡散してしまう前にダイヤモ
ンドの核を発生させる。また鏡面研磨されて核が発生し
にくい基板表面でも容易に核を発生する。このようにし
て前処理無しで高密度の核を発生させることが出来る。
基板近傍に配置したダイヤモンドはあくまで核の元とな
る活性種を合成初期に供給するものであって、核が十分
に発生した後ダイヤモンドが成長していくための炭素源
は従来法と同様に炭化水素などの原料ガスによる。
When the diamond is placed in the plasma in the vicinity of the substrate, the energy of the plasma causes the activated species, which should be a source of nuclei, to diffuse into the plasma from the diamond placed in the plasma. This active species is transported to the surface of the substrate and becomes a source of nuclei in the early stage of synthesis. The active species are considered to be very fine particles having a diamond crystal structure, and are considered to be larger than so-called nuclei, but larger than various radicals generated from the source gas. The active species generate diamond nuclei before being diffused inside even when a substance such as Ni or Fe having a high diffusion rate of carbon is transported to the substrate surface. Further, nuclei are easily generated even on the surface of the substrate which is mirror-polished and is hard to generate nuclei. In this way, high density nuclei can be generated without pretreatment.
The diamond placed near the substrate supplies the active species that are the source of nuclei to the initial stage of synthesis, and the carbon source for diamond growth after sufficient nucleation is the same as in the conventional method. Depending on the source gas such as hydrogen.

【007】[0097]

【実施例】 第1図はマイクロ波プラズマCVD法で本発
明を実施した場合の実施例である。初期核となる核を供
給するダイヤモンド粉末を基板ホルダー上の基板を取り
囲むように基板ホルダー上に配置し、下記の合成条件で
ダイヤモンドの合成を行った。
【Example】 Fig. 1 was originally developed by the microwave plasma CVD method.
It is an example in the case of implementing Ming. Provide the nucleus that will be the initial nucleus
The diamond powder to be supplied is taken from the substrate on the substrate holder.
Place it on the substrate holder so that it surrounds it, and
Diamond was synthesized.

【008】 ダイヤモンド 0−1μmの高圧合成ダイヤモンド粉
基板 粉末焼結Ni 基板前処理 焼結のまま 原料ガス メタン/水素=1/100 圧力 40torr 合成温度 900℃ 合成時間 2時間 その結果、第2図および第3図のSEM写真に示すよう
に核発生密度の高いダイヤモンドが合成できた。比較例
としてダイヤモンド粉末を基板周囲に配置しないで、他
の条件は同一にしてダイヤモンドの合成を試みたものが
第4図であるが、少量のダイヤモンドが点在するように
合成できただけである。
Diamond 0-1 μm high-pressure synthetic diamond powder
End  Substrate Powder sintering Ni Substrate pretreatment As-sintered Raw material gas Methane / Hydrogen = 1/100  Pressure 40 torr Synthesis temperature  900 ° C Synthesis time 2 hours As a result, as shown in the SEM photographs of FIG. 2 and FIG.
It was possible to synthesize diamond with high nucleation density. Comparative example
Do not place diamond powder around the substrate as
The same conditions were used for diamond synthesis.
As shown in Fig. 4, a small amount of diamonds should be scattered.
I could only synthesize them.

【009】[0109]

【発明の効果】本発明によればダイヤモンドの合成初期
に基板の近傍でかつプラズマの中にダイヤモンドを配置
することにより前記基板表面へダイヤモンド合成の初期
核となる核を輸送せしめてから、前記基板表面上へダイ
ヤモンドを合成すれば、基板の材質や表面性状がどのよ
うなものであっても前処理無しでダイヤモンドが合成で
きる。いままでダイヤモンドを気相合成しにくかった、
NiやFeなどの炭素の拡散速度の大きい物質の基板上
にも、表面が鏡面研磨された状態の基板にも核発生密度
の高い緻密なダイヤモンドを合成することが可能になっ
た。このため気相合成ダイヤモンドの応用範囲が飛躍的
に拡大することが考えられる。配置したダイヤモンドは
核の元となる活性種を供給するためだけに配置したの
で、合成初期に核が発生してしまった後は必要ないの
で、覆ってしまうかあるいは基板から離してしまえば消
費量は僅かな量でしかなく、コストは非常に低くて済
む。
According to the present invention, by arranging diamond in the vicinity of the substrate and in the plasma in the initial stage of diamond synthesis, the nuclei which are the initial nuclei for diamond synthesis are transported to the surface of the substrate, and then the substrate is processed. By synthesizing diamond on the surface, diamond can be synthesized without any pretreatment regardless of the material and surface properties of the substrate. Until now, it has been difficult to vapor-synthesize diamond.
It has become possible to synthesize a dense diamond having a high nucleus generation density on a substrate made of a substance such as Ni or Fe having a high diffusion rate of carbon, or on a substrate whose surface is mirror-polished. Therefore, it is considered that the range of application of vapor-phase synthetic diamond will be dramatically expanded. Since the arranged diamond is arranged only to supply the active species that are the source of the nucleus, it is not necessary after the nucleus is generated in the early stage of synthesis, so if you cover it or separate it from the substrate, the consumption amount Is insignificant and the cost is very low.

【010】[0101]

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は本発明の説明図。第2図は実施例により実際に
合成したダイヤモンドのSEM写真、第3図はその高倍
率SEM写真。第4図は従来法により合成したダイヤモ
ンドのSEM写真。 1……マイクロ波発生装置 2……真空ポンプによる排気口 3……プランジャー 4……ダイヤモンド粉末 5……基板 6……原料ガス導入口 7……プラズマ 8……導波管 9……石英管 10……基板ホルダ−
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a SEM photograph of diamond actually synthesized according to the example, and FIG. 3 is a high magnification SEM photograph thereof. FIG. 4 is a SEM photograph of diamond synthesized by the conventional method. 1 …… Microwave generator 2 …… Vacuum pump exhaust port 3 …… Plunger 4 …… Diamond powder 5 …… Substrate 6 …… Raw material gas inlet 7 …… Plasma 8 …… Waveguide 9 …… Quartz Tube 10: substrate holder

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]

【提出日】平成6年10月20日[Submission date] October 20, 1994

【手続補正1】[Procedure Amendment 1]

【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement

【補正対象項目名】図面の簡単な説明[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing

【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change

【補正内容】[Correction content]

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【第1図】 第1図は本発明の説明図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

【第2図】 第2図は実施例により実際に合成し
たダイヤモンドの結晶構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真。
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph showing the crystal structure of diamond actually synthesized according to the example.

【第3図】 第3図はその高倍率のダイヤモンド
の結晶構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真。
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph showing the crystal structure of high-magnification diamond.

【第4図】 第4図は従来法により合成したダイ
ヤモンドの結晶構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真。
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph showing the crystal structure of diamond synthesized by the conventional method.

【符号の説明】 1……マイクロ波発生装置 2……真空ポンプによる排気口 3……プランジャー 4……ダイヤモンド粉末 5……基板 6……原料ガス導入口 7……プラズマ 8……導波管 9……石英管 10……基板ホルダー[Explanation of symbols] 1 ... Microwave generator 2 ... Vacuum pump exhaust port 3 ... Plunger 4 ... Diamond powder 5 ... Substrate 6 ... Raw material gas inlet 7 ... Plasma 8 ... Waveguide Tube 9 ... Quartz tube 10 ... Substrate holder

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 油井 広一 東京都大田区大森北5丁目7番12号 オグ ラ宝石精機工業株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Koichi Yui 5-7-12 Omorikita, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ogura Gem Seiki Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 ダイヤモンドを気相で合成する方法にお
いて、少なくとも合成初期に基板の近傍でかつプラズマ
の中にダイヤモンドを配置することにより前記基板表面
へダイヤモンド合成の初期核となる核を輸送せしめてか
ら、前記基板表面上へダイヤモンドを合成することを特
徴とするダイヤモンド膜の製造方法およびその装置。
1. A method for synthesizing diamond in a vapor phase, wherein at least in the initial stage of the synthesis, diamond is placed in the plasma in the vicinity of the substrate to transport nuclei, which are initial nuclei of diamond synthesis, to the surface of the substrate. A method for manufacturing a diamond film and an apparatus therefor, which comprises synthesizing diamond on the surface of the substrate from the substrate.
【請求項2】 基板の近傍に配置するダイヤモンドが合
成または天然の粉末、単結晶、多結晶、焼結体あるいは
薄膜のダイヤモンドである特許請求の範囲第1項記載の
ダイヤモンド膜の製造方法およびその装置。
2. The method for producing a diamond film according to claim 1, wherein the diamond arranged in the vicinity of the substrate is synthetic or natural powder, single crystal, polycrystal, sintered body, or thin film diamond. apparatus.
JP33789992A 1992-11-26 1992-11-26 Diamond film manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP3160399B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33789992A JP3160399B2 (en) 1992-11-26 1992-11-26 Diamond film manufacturing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33789992A JP3160399B2 (en) 1992-11-26 1992-11-26 Diamond film manufacturing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07144996A true JPH07144996A (en) 1995-06-06
JP3160399B2 JP3160399B2 (en) 2001-04-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3160399B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6907841B2 (en) * 2002-12-27 2005-06-21 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Apparatus and method for synthesizing spherical diamond powder by using chemical vapor deposition method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6907841B2 (en) * 2002-12-27 2005-06-21 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Apparatus and method for synthesizing spherical diamond powder by using chemical vapor deposition method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3160399B2 (en) 2001-04-25

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