JPH06285573A - Die rolling continuous treating apparatus - Google Patents
Die rolling continuous treating apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06285573A JPH06285573A JP7718593A JP7718593A JPH06285573A JP H06285573 A JPH06285573 A JP H06285573A JP 7718593 A JP7718593 A JP 7718593A JP 7718593 A JP7718593 A JP 7718593A JP H06285573 A JPH06285573 A JP H06285573A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rolling
- metal plate
- rolling mill
- long metal
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、長尺金属材料を間歇的
に金型に送り込みながら成形して異形断面板や高精度板
厚の金属板を成形したのち該金属板に連続して脱脂と焼
鈍及び整形の処理を施す金型圧延連続処理装置に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is to form a long metal material while intermittently feeding it into a mold to form a deformed cross-section plate or a metal plate with high precision thickness, and then degrease the metal plate continuously. The present invention relates to a die rolling continuous processing device for performing annealing and shaping processing.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、例えば図１に示すような肉厚部ａ
と肉薄部ｂとを有する異形断面板ｃを製造するため、図
２のような、長尺金属材料ｄが板面に当接する金型ｅ
と、該金型の板面に沿って該板面の範囲内を押圧転動し
て該板面に当接した長尺金属材料ｄを圧延する押圧ロー
ルｆと、該押圧ロールの押圧転動の完了毎に該長尺金属
材料を間歇的に一定距離移動させる移動手段を備えた金
型装置ｇを有する成形装置が知られており（特公昭５２
−３６５１２号公報等）、該移動手段としては該金属材
料ｄを掴んでその長さ方向へ往復するクランプが使用さ
れている。該金型ｅの板面には、例えば図３のような突
条ｉが形成されており、この装置によれば、肉厚部が
０．４mm、肉薄部が０．１mmの異形断面板を一挙に製造
することが可能である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a thick portion a as shown in FIG.
In order to manufacture a modified cross-section plate c having a thin portion b and a thin portion b, a metal mold e in which a long metal material d abuts the plate surface as shown in FIG.
A pressing roll f that rolls along the plate surface of the mold within the range of the plate surface to roll the long metal material d that is in contact with the plate surface; and a pressure rolling of the pressing roll. There is known a molding apparatus having a mold apparatus g provided with a moving means for intermittently moving the long metal material by a fixed distance each time the completion of the process (Japanese Patent Publication No. S52-52).
As for the moving means, a clamp that holds the metal material d and reciprocates in the lengthwise direction is used as the moving means. On the plate surface of the mold e, for example, a ridge i as shown in FIG. 3 is formed. According to this apparatus, a deformed cross-section plate having a thick portion of 0.4 mm and a thin portion of 0.1 mm is formed. It is possible to manufacture all at once.
【０００３】また、該金型ｅに図４のようなテーパ溝ｈ
を備えたものを使用すれば、板厚精度が±３／１０００
mm程度の高精度板厚の金属板を製造できる（特公平２−
５１６９５号公報）。Further, a taper groove h as shown in FIG.
If the one equipped with is used, the plate thickness accuracy is ± 3/1000
It is possible to manufacture a metal plate with a high precision thickness of about mm (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-
51,695).
【０００４】この種の金型圧延装置ｇでは、圧延油が使
用されるので、圧延された銅、銅合金、パーマロイ等の
長尺金属板を焼鈍炉に於いて焼鈍する場合、付着した圧
延油を予め溶剤をかけたり酸洗し、或いはバッチ炉にワ
ークを入れて真空加熱して予め脱脂したのち焼鈍してお
り、油が付着したまま焼鈍されると油が焼付いて変色し
た製品となることを防止している。一般に酸化性のワー
クを焼鈍するときには、Ｎ2雰囲気等の無酸素雰囲気に
於いて酸化を防止しながら行なっている。Since rolling oil is used in this type of die rolling apparatus g, when rolling a long metal plate such as rolled copper, copper alloy, permalloy or the like in an annealing furnace, rolling oil adhered thereto is used. Is pre-solvented or pickled, or the work is put in a batch furnace and vacuum-heated to degrease it in advance and then annealed.If annealed with oil attached, the oil will seize and become a discolored product. Is being prevented. Generally, when an oxidizing work is annealed, it is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere such as a N 2 atmosphere while preventing the oxidation.
【０００５】こうして製造された長尺金属板は、整形の
ために圧延機にかけ、一旦これを巻き取ったのちその幅
寸法を正確に仕上げるために次のスリット工程に移動さ
せ、再びこれを解いてスリットカッターで該長尺金属板
の両側縁をカットし、製品としている。製品となったと
き、例えば図５の長尺金属板は、その各部寸法のうち特
にＡ、Ｂ、｜Ａ−Ｂ｜の寸法に特に精度が要求されてい
る。｜Ａ−Ｂ｜の寸法は０に近いことが要求される。こ
のカットを行なう場合、スリットカッターの前後で図６
のようなスリッターガイドｍ、ｊで該長尺金属板を押
え、左右のスリットカッターのセンターｎに整形された
長尺金属板ｌのセンターｋが一致するように該ガイド
ｍ、ｊを固定し、Ａ、Ｂ、｜Ａ−Ｂ｜の寸法精度を出す
ようにしている。こうした長尺金属板は、電子部品や精
密機械部品の材料として使用される。The long metal plate thus manufactured is applied to a rolling mill for shaping, and once wound, it is moved to the next slit step for finishing the width dimension accurately, and then unwound again. Both ends of the long metal plate are cut with a slit cutter to obtain a product. When it becomes a product, for example, the long metal plate in FIG. 5 is required to have particularly high precision in the dimensions of A, B, and | AB | The size of | AB is required to be close to zero. When making this cut, make sure that the
Holding the elongated metal plate with slitter guides m and j such as the above, and fixing the guides m and j so that the centers k of the elongated metal plates 1 shaped to the centers n of the left and right slit cutters are aligned, The dimensional accuracy of A, B, | AB | Such a long metal plate is used as a material for electronic parts and precision machine parts.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記金型装置で製造さ
れた長尺金属板は、焼鈍炉での焼鈍と圧延機での整形を
行なったのち例えば切断され、コネクターの接触子等に
使用されることになるが、金型装置で成形されて出てく
る長尺金属板をそのまま焼鈍炉や圧延機に於いて連続処
理することはできなかった。つまり、金型装置では間歇
的な移動で金属材料が送られ、焼鈍炉や圧延機では一定
速度で長尺金属板が送られるので、材料移動速度が合致
せず、そのため、金型装置から送り出される長尺金属板
は間紙を挟んで一旦コイルに巻き取り、圧延機や焼鈍炉
で処理するときにはそのコイルを解いて処理したのち再
びコイルに巻き取る必要があり、作業に時間が掛かり、
間紙の無駄が生じる。もし、金型装置から出てくる成形
された長尺金属板をそのまま圧延機で処理すると、該金
属板の板厚や幅が変動し間歇送りの痕跡がついて外観が
悪くなり、製品品質が著しく低下する。また、該金型装
置に直接に焼鈍炉を接続すると、該金型装置から長尺金
属板を引出すために大きな張力が必要であるので、焼鈍
中の金属板にもその張力が加わって変形する不都合を生
じる。The long metal plate manufactured by the above mold apparatus is annealed in an annealing furnace and shaped by a rolling machine and then cut, for example, and used as a contactor of a connector. However, it was not possible to continuously process the long metal plate formed by the die device and coming out as it is in the annealing furnace or the rolling mill. In other words, the metal material is sent by intermittent movement in the mold equipment, and the long metal plate is sent at a constant speed in the annealing furnace and rolling mill, so the material movement speeds do not match, so the metal material is sent out from the mold equipment. The long metal plate to be wound is once wound on a coil with a slip sheet sandwiched between it, and when it is processed in a rolling mill or an annealing furnace, it is necessary to unwind the coil, reprocess it, and then wind it again on the coil.
Waste of interleaving paper occurs. If the formed long metal plate coming out of the die device is directly processed by a rolling mill, the plate thickness and width of the metal plate are changed, and the appearance of intermittent feed marks is deteriorated, resulting in remarkable product quality. descend. Further, when an annealing furnace is directly connected to the mold apparatus, a large tension is required to pull out the long metal plate from the mold apparatus, and therefore the metal plate being annealed is also deformed by the tension. It causes inconvenience.
【０００７】該金型装置で異形断面板を成形する場合、
間歇送りの周波数は６〜１０Ｈｚであり、成形した異形
断面の長尺金属板を巻き取る場合、例えば図７に示すよ
うに、その周波数の１サイクル内での速度変化は０．２
〜３．９ｍ／ｍｉｎ、張力変化は５００〜７５０ｋｇｆ
の範囲で変動する。従って、この金型装置に略一定速度
・一定張力で材料の供給を必要とする焼鈍炉や圧延機を
接続できない。When molding a modified cross-section plate with the mold device,
The frequency of intermittent feeding is 6 to 10 Hz, and when winding a formed long metal plate having an irregular cross section, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the speed change within one cycle of the frequency is 0.2.
~ 3.9m / min, change in tension is 500 ~ 750kgf
Fluctuates in the range of. Therefore, it is not possible to connect an annealing furnace or a rolling mill, which requires the supply of the material at a substantially constant speed and a constant tension, to this mold device.
【０００８】該金型装置で成形を終えた長尺金属材料の
脱脂をフロンやトリクロルエタンの溶剤で行なうことも
考えられるが、これらの化学剤の使用は環境破壊の問題
を伴うので好ましくなく、また酸洗により脱脂したとき
には廃酸処理の管理が煩わしい上にコストも高くつく欠
点がある。It is conceivable to degrease a long metal material that has been molded by the mold device with a solvent such as freon or trichloroethane, but the use of these chemical agents is not preferable because it causes environmental damage. Further, when degreasing is performed by pickling, there is a drawback that management of waste acid treatment is troublesome and cost is high.
【０００９】また、長尺金属板を両側縁をスリットカッ
ターで切除して寸法を決めるときに、スリッターガイド
ｍ、ｊが該長尺金属板と若干のズレが生じてしまうた
め、（Ｌ−Ｍ）だけの遊びができ、センターズレが発生
し、高精度なスリット加工を行なうのが難しかった。Further, when the length of the long metal plate is cut by slit cutters to determine the dimensions, the slitter guides m and j are slightly displaced from the long metal plate (LM). ) Only play is possible, the center shift occurs, and it was difficult to perform highly accurate slit processing.
【００１０】本発明は、金型装置で間歇送りで成形され
た圧延油が付着した長尺金属板を一旦巻き取ることなく
直接連続焼鈍炉に送り込んで焼鈍し、続いて圧延機で整
形したのち高精度のスリット加工を行なえる作業性の良
い連続処理装置を提供することを目的とするものであ
る。According to the present invention, a long metal plate formed by intermittent feeding by a die apparatus and having rolling oil attached thereto is directly sent to a continuous annealing furnace without being wound once, annealed, and then shaped by a rolling mill. It is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous processing device which can perform highly accurate slit processing and has good workability.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、間歇的に移
動する長尺金属材料が当接する板面を備えた金型と、該
金型の板面に沿って該板面の範囲内を押圧転動して該板
面に当接した長尺金属材料を圧延する押圧ロールとを備
えた金型装置の後方に、該金型装置で成形された長尺金
属板を略一定速度で移動させると共にこれを整形する第
１圧延機を設け、該金型装置と該第１圧延機の間に、該
長尺金属板の面に接して定位置に於いて回転する間隔を
存して配置した複数個のロールと、該間隔に該長尺金属
板を該間隔内で蛇行させるばねが作用した揺動ロールと
を有する間歇送り吸収装置を設け、該第１圧延機の圧延
トルクで該金型装置に於ける長尺金属板の引抜力を与
え、該第１圧延機の後方にダンサーロール等の速度制御
装置を介して入口に脱脂装置を備えた連続焼鈍炉を設
け、該連続焼鈍炉の後方に焼鈍された該長尺金属板を圧
延する第２圧延機を設けると共に該第２圧延機に接近さ
せて圧延された長尺金属板の側縁部を切除するスリット
カッターを設けることにより、上記の目的を達成するよ
うにした。According to the present invention, a mold having a plate surface with which a long metal material that moves intermittently abuts, and a range of the plate surface along the plate surface of the mold are provided. A long metal plate formed by the mold device is moved at a substantially constant speed behind a mold device equipped with a pressing roll that rolls by pressing and rolls the long metal material that is in contact with the plate surface. A first rolling mill is provided for shaping and shaping the same, and is disposed between the die device and the first rolling mill with a space in contact with the surface of the elongated metal plate to rotate at a fixed position. An intermittent feed absorption device having a plurality of rolled rolls and an oscillating roll acted by a spring that causes the long metal plate to meander in the gap within the gap, and is provided with the rolling torque of the first rolling mill. The pulling force of the long metal plate in the die device is applied to the entrance to the rear of the first rolling mill through a speed control device such as a dancer roll. A continuous annealing furnace provided with a fat device is provided, and a second rolling machine for rolling the annealed long metal plate is provided behind the continuous annealing furnace, and a long length rolled close to the second rolling machine is provided. The above-mentioned object is achieved by providing a slit cutter for cutting off the side edge portion of the metal plate.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】金型装置の金型の板面に当接した長尺金属材料
が停止状態にあるとき、押圧ロールが該板面の範囲を転
動して該金属材料を該板面に押圧し、その転動が完了す
る都度、一定距離だけ該金属材料を移動させ、これを繰
り返すことにより、該金属材料が次第に例えば肉厚部と
肉薄部を有する異形断面板等の長尺金属板に成形され
る。該長尺金属板は金型装置から間歇移動で送り出され
るので、そのままでは該金型装置から出てきた該長尺金
属板に略一定速度で移動させながら行なう必要のある圧
延機による整形や焼鈍炉による焼鈍を行なえないが、本
発明に於いては、該金型装置の後方に間歇送り装置と第
１圧延機が設けられており、該第１圧延機が連続的に成
形された長尺金属板を引張っても該間歇送り装置の揺動
ロールがばねにより揺動して該金型装置から間歇的に該
長尺金属板を引出すことができる。該第１圧延機を通過
するとき該長尺金属板が圧延整形され、該第１圧延機の
後方に設けた第２圧延機により連続焼鈍炉を通って送ら
れるが、該焼鈍炉の前方には速度制御装置が設けられて
おり、該焼鈍炉で焼鈍される長尺金属板の張力と焼鈍時
間とが制御される。該金型装置に於いては圧延油が使用
され、これが付着した長尺金属板を連続焼鈍炉に於いて
焼鈍すると変色する不都合を生じるが、該連続焼鈍炉の
入口に低温の延長部を有する加熱脱脂炉から成る脱脂装
置が設けられており、該連続焼鈍炉の出口側からその室
内、加熱脱脂炉の室内及び該延長部内を通って外部へと
排出されるガスの流れが生じるので、圧延油の付着した
該金属板を金型装置から間歇送り装置及び加熱脱脂炉を
介して連続的に焼鈍炉を通過させてこれに焼鈍を施して
も、該金属板に付着した圧延油は、該加熱脱脂炉に於い
て蒸発し、この蒸発した油は、前記ガスの流れにより該
連続焼鈍炉の室内に侵入することがなく外部へ排出さ
れ、ガスと蒸発油は比較的低温の該延長部に於いて分離
し、夫々排気口・排出口から排出される。該金属板が連
続焼鈍炉に於いて焼鈍のために加熱されるときには、該
金属板は略完全に脱脂されており、金型装置で成形され
た金属板に加熱脱脂と焼鈍を連続して施せるので作業性
がよく、排出された油を回収して再使用することができ
る。When the long metal material that is in contact with the plate surface of the mold of the mold device is in a stopped state, the pressing roll rolls in the range of the plate surface and presses the metal material against the plate surface. Each time the rolling is completed, the metal material is moved by a certain distance, and by repeating this, the metal material is gradually formed into a long metal plate such as a deformed cross-section plate having a thick portion and a thin portion. To be done. Since the long metal plate is sent out from the mold device by intermittent movement, shaping or annealing by a rolling machine that needs to be performed while moving the long metal plate coming out of the mold device at a substantially constant speed as it is. Although it cannot be annealed by a furnace, in the present invention, an intermittent feeding device and a first rolling mill are provided behind the mold device, and the first rolling mill is continuously formed into a long length. Even if the metal plate is pulled, the swing roll of the intermittent feeding device swings by the spring, and the elongated metal plate can be intermittently pulled out from the mold device. The long metal sheet is rolled and shaped when passing through the first rolling mill, and is sent through a continuous annealing furnace by a second rolling mill provided at the rear of the first rolling mill, but before the annealing furnace. Is provided with a speed control device, and the tension and annealing time of the long metal plate annealed in the annealing furnace are controlled. Rolling oil is used in the die device, and when a long metal plate to which the rolling oil is attached is annealed in a continuous annealing furnace, it causes discoloration, but there is a low temperature extension at the inlet of the continuous annealing furnace. A degreasing device consisting of a heating degreasing furnace is provided, and a gas is discharged from the outlet side of the continuous annealing furnace through the chamber, the chamber of the heating degreasing furnace, and the extension portion to the outside, so that rolling is performed. Even if the metal plate with oil adhered to the metal plate is continuously annealed by passing through an annealing furnace from a mold device through an intermittent feeding device and a heating degreasing furnace, the rolling oil adhered to the metal plate is The vaporized oil is evaporated in the heating degreasing furnace, and the vaporized oil is discharged to the outside without entering the chamber of the continuous annealing furnace due to the flow of the gas, and the gas and the vaporized oil are discharged to the extension portion having a relatively low temperature. At the exhaust port and the exhaust port, respectively. When the metal plate is heated for annealing in the continuous annealing furnace, the metal plate is almost completely degreased, and the metal plate formed by the die device can be continuously subjected to heat degreasing and annealing. Therefore, the workability is good, and the discharged oil can be collected and reused.
【００１３】該連続焼鈍炉から出てくる長尺金属板は一
定速度で一定張力に制御されて第２圧延機により整形さ
れ、スリットカッターにより幅寸法が仕上げられたのち
リコイラーに巻き取られるが、該スリットカッターによ
り長尺金属板の両側縁を切除するときに該カッターの直
前の第２圧延機がその圧延ロールで該長尺金属板を強固
に固定しているために切除の際に該金属板にブレが生じ
ず、正確な幅寸法に仕上がる。The long metal plate coming out of the continuous annealing furnace is controlled at a constant speed and a constant tension, shaped by a second rolling mill, finished with a width dimension by a slit cutter, and then wound on a decoiler. When cutting both side edges of a long metal plate with the slit cutter, the second rolling mill immediately before the cutter firmly fixes the long metal plate with its rolling rolls, so that the metal is cut during the cutting. The plate is not shaken and the width is accurate.
【００１４】以上の金型装置から整形、焼鈍、幅仕上げ
を連続して行なうと、３〜３０ｍ／ｍｉｎの速度で長尺
金属板の完成品を製造できる。If the shaping, annealing, and width finishing are continuously performed from the above-mentioned mold apparatus, a finished product of a long metal plate can be manufactured at a speed of 3 to 30 m / min.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】本発明の実施例を図面に基づき説明すると、
図８及び図９に於いて符号１はコイル状に巻いた銅や銅
合金等の長尺金属材料を示し、該長尺金属材料１は、矩
形断面を有しており、金型装置２を構成する金型２ａ
と、該金型２の板面２ｂに沿って該板面の範囲内を押圧
転動する押圧ロール３との間に供給され、押圧ロール３
が上記の押圧転動を完了する毎に間歇的に該長尺金属材
料１を一定距離だけ移動させ、次第に該金型２ａの形状
に該金属材料１が成形される。該金型２ａの板面２ｂ
は、図３や図４に示した形状を有し、該金属材料１に押
圧ロール３による押圧と移動とが交互に与えられると、
少しずつ異形断面或いは高精度板厚の長尺金属板１ａに
次第に仕上げられる。この成形には鉱物系等の圧延油が
使用され、該金属板１ａは圧延油が付着したまま金型装
置２から引き出される。Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
8 and 9, reference numeral 1 indicates a long metal material such as copper or copper alloy wound in a coil shape, and the long metal material 1 has a rectangular cross section, Mold 2a to compose
And a pressing roll 3 that presses and rolls within the range of the plate surface along the plate surface 2b of the mold 2, and the pressing roll 3
Each time the pressing rolling is completed, the long metal material 1 is intermittently moved by a certain distance, and the metal material 1 is gradually molded into the shape of the mold 2a. Plate surface 2b of the mold 2a
Has a shape shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and when the pressing and the movement by the pressing roll 3 are alternately applied to the metal material 1,
The elongated metal plate 1a having a modified cross section or a highly accurate plate thickness is gradually finished little by little. A rolling oil such as a mineral-based oil is used for this forming, and the metal plate 1a is pulled out from the mold device 2 with the rolling oil attached.
【００１６】金型２ａにより所定の形状に仕上げられた
長尺金属板１ａは、第１圧延機３０により圧延整形さ
れ、更に脱脂装置４による脱脂と連続焼鈍炉５による焼
鈍と第２圧延機７による整形とスリットカッター３１に
より両側縁を切除する幅寸法の仕上げの処理工程を経て
製品となる。コイルから引き出された金属材料１の先端
部を略一定速度で連続的に巻き取るリコイラー８に連結
し、該金型装置２とその後方の第１圧延機３０との間に
間歇送り吸収装置９が設けられ、これにより金型装置２
での間歇的な金属材料１の送りと第１圧延機３０による
一定速度での金属板１ａの送りがマッチングするように
した。該第１圧延機３０は大きな引出し力を持ち、圧下
率にもよるが該金属材料１の成形速度を従来の１．４〜
２倍程度に高速化できる。該間歇送り吸収装置９は、図
９に明示するように、長尺金属板１ａの面１ｂに接して
定位置に於いて回転する複数個のロール１０を間隔１１
を存して配置すると共に、該間隔１１に該長尺金属材料
１を該間隔１１内でばね１２で牽引して蛇行させる揺動
ロール１３を設けて構成した。図示の実施例では定位置
に於いて回転する３本のロール１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃ
を設け、これらのロールの各間隔１１に２本の揺動ロー
ル１３ａ、１３ｂを夫々設けるようにした。１４は未成
形の長尺金属材料１を巻いたロールで、これより金型装
置２に引き出される。The long metal plate 1a finished in a predetermined shape by the die 2a is rolled and shaped by the first rolling mill 30, further degreased by the degreasing device 4, annealed by the continuous annealing furnace 5, and the second rolling mill 7. And a slit cutter 31 is used to cut off both side edges to finish the product with a width dimension. The tip of the metal material 1 pulled out from the coil is connected to a recoiler 8 that continuously winds at a substantially constant speed, and an intermittent feeding absorption device 9 is provided between the die device 2 and a first rolling mill 30 behind the die device 2. Is provided, whereby the mold device 2 is provided.
The intermittent feeding of the metal material 1 and the feeding of the metal plate 1a by the first rolling mill 30 at a constant speed are matched. The first rolling mill 30 has a large drawing force, and the molding speed of the metal material 1 is 1.4 to 10
The speed can be doubled. As shown in FIG. 9, the intermittent feeding / absorbing device 9 has a plurality of rolls 10 which are in contact with the surface 1b of the elongated metal plate 1a and which rotate at a fixed position.
And the rocking roll 13 for pulling the elongated metal material 1 in the gap 11 by means of the spring 12 to meander in the gap 11 is provided. In the illustrated embodiment, three rolls 10a, 10b, 10c that rotate in place.
And two rocking rolls 13a and 13b are provided at each interval 11 of these rolls. Reference numeral 14 is a roll around which the unformed long metal material 1 is wound, and is drawn out from the mold device 2 by this roll.
【００１７】該金型装置２で成形を行なうには間歇的に
該金属材料１を移動させるを要し、この移動は金型２ａ
の板面２ｂに金属材料１を押圧する押圧ロール３の押圧
転動が完了してその押圧が解除されたときにのみ行なわ
れる。略一定速度で連続的に金属材料１を引張る第１圧
延機３０では、該金属材料１の間歇的な移動を行なえな
いが、該金型装置２と第１圧延機３０との間に交互にロ
ール１０と揺動ロール１３とが設けられているので、金
型２ａの板面２ｂに対する押圧する押圧ロール３の押圧
転動が完了して該金属材料１の張力が緩もうとすると
き、ばね１２が揺動ロール１３をロール１０の間隔１１
から遠ざけるように移動させて該張力を維持し、該押圧
ロール３の押圧転動中は金型装置２から金属材料１が繰
り出されることがなく、その張力が高まろうとするが、
このときには該揺動ロール１３がばね１２に抗して該間
隔１１に近付くように移動してその張力の高まりを防
ぐ。従って、金型装置２に於いて間歇的に金属材料１を
移動させ且つ続く第１圧延機３０では略一定速度で連続
して成形された金属板１ａを移動させ得る。更に詳細に
は、前記したように該金型装置２に於ける金属材料１の
間歇移動が６〜１０Ｈｚ程度の周波数である場合、その
周波数の１サイクル内で図７に示す速度・張力変化があ
るが、このとき該揺動ロール１３が急激な速度変化に対
応して振動し、金属材料１の速度が押圧ロール３の押圧
転動の完了で急激に高速になり、張力が減少しだすと、
図１２のように、Ａ位置から矢印方向へ該金属板１ａを
蓄えるように揺動ロール１１が移動し、該金属板１ａの
張力が最小になったときＢ位置となり、次に高速になる
までの間、揺動ロール１３はＢ位置より矢印方向に移動
して、徐々に該金属板１ａの蓄えを放出していく。金型
装置２は、その加工速度を高速にする程、速度・張力変
動が大きくなるため、揺動ロール１３の本数が多く必要
になるが、速度が１０ｍ／ｍｉｎ程度であれば、図９の
ように２本でよい。該揺動ロール１３は金型装置２の急
激な速度変化に追従できる固有振動数をもつ振動系に構
成され、ばね１２として金型装置２の間歇送り分の材料
を蓄えをばねの変位で行なえるものが使用される。ばね
１２の変位により張力変動が発生するが、そのばね定数
はできるだけ小さいものであることが好ましい。尚、該
ばね１２は引きばねに限らず押しばねでもよい。In order to perform molding with the mold device 2, it is necessary to intermittently move the metal material 1, and this movement is performed by the mold 2a.
It is performed only when the pressure rolling of the pressure roll 3 for pressing the metal material 1 against the plate surface 2b is completed and the pressing is released. In the first rolling mill 30 that continuously pulls the metal material 1 at a substantially constant speed, it is not possible to intermittently move the metal material 1, but between the die device 2 and the first rolling mill 30 alternately. Since the roll 10 and the oscillating roll 13 are provided, when the pressure rolling of the pressing roll 3 for pressing against the plate surface 2b of the mold 2a is completed and the tension of the metal material 1 is about to relax, the spring 12 is an oscillating roll 13 is an interval 11 between the rolls 10
The tension is maintained by moving the pressure roll 3 away from the mold roll 2 while the tension is maintained, and the metal material 1 is not fed out from the mold device 2 during the pressure rolling of the pressure roll 3.
At this time, the oscillating roll 13 moves against the spring 12 so as to approach the gap 11 to prevent the tension from increasing. Therefore, the metal material 1 can be intermittently moved in the die device 2, and the continuously formed metal plate 1a can be moved at a substantially constant speed in the subsequent first rolling mill 30. More specifically, as described above, when the intermittent movement of the metal material 1 in the mold device 2 has a frequency of about 6 to 10 Hz, the speed / tension change shown in FIG. 7 occurs within one cycle of the frequency. However, at this time, when the oscillating roll 13 vibrates in response to a rapid change in speed, the speed of the metal material 1 rapidly increases at the completion of the pressing rolling of the pressing roll 3, and the tension begins to decrease,
As shown in FIG. 12, the oscillating roll 11 moves from the position A in the direction of the arrow so as to store the metal plate 1a, and when the tension of the metal plate 1a becomes the minimum, the position B is reached, and the speed becomes higher next time. During that time, the swing roll 13 moves in the arrow direction from the position B, and gradually releases the accumulated metal plate 1a. The mold device 2 requires a large number of oscillating rolls 13 because the speed / tension fluctuations increase as the processing speed increases, but if the speed is about 10 m / min, it is as shown in FIG. So you only need two. The oscillating roll 13 is configured as a vibration system having a natural frequency capable of following a rapid speed change of the mold device 2, and as the spring 12, the material for the intermittent feed of the mold device 2 can be stored by displacement of the spring. Things are used. Although the tension changes due to the displacement of the spring 12, the spring constant is preferably as small as possible. The spring 12 is not limited to a pull spring, but may be a push spring.
【００１８】該脱脂装置４及び連続焼鈍炉５の詳細は図
１０に示す如くであり、第１圧延機３０を通過した該金
属板１ａは、ブライドルロール等で構成された張力制御
装置２５及びダンサーロール等で構成された速度制御装
置２６を介して脱脂装置４の入口１５に設けた延長部１
６を介してヒーター１７が設けられた脱脂装置４の室内
に導入され、続いてヒーター１８を備えた連続焼鈍炉５
の室内へその入口１９から導入され、出口２０から冷却
器３２を介して次の第２圧延機７により引き出される。
該張力制御装置２５は第１圧延機３０の張力を制御する
もので必ずしも必要ではない。また、該速度制御装置２
６は第２圧延機７の速度制御を行ない、焼鈍炉５におけ
る速度及び張力を制御する。該焼鈍炉５の出口２０にガ
ス導入口２１を設け、脱脂装置４の延長部１６にはガス
の排気口２２と凝縮した油の排出口２３とが設けられ
る。２４は炉内の雰囲気と外気との接触を絶つためのク
ランプである。該金属材料１が純銅である場合、これを
該焼鈍炉５に於いてガス導入口２１から導入した例えば
Ｎ2ガスの雰囲気中で６００℃に加熱し、その外部で冷
却器３２や自然冷却により常温にまで冷却すると焼鈍が
完了する。焼鈍に先立ち、該金属板１ａに付着している
油を取り除く必要があるが、該焼鈍炉５に連設した脱脂
装置４の室内に於いてヒーター１７により加熱して該金
属板１ａに付着した油を蒸発により取り除き、そのまま
連続焼鈍炉５へ移送するようにした。該脱脂装置４の延
長部１６の入口１５寄りに設けた排気口２２にはファ
ン、排出口２３には貯油槽を夫々接続する。該延長部１
０はその周囲からの放熱により室温程度の比較的低温に
なるが、必要ならばこれを冷却してもよい。The details of the degreasing device 4 and the continuous annealing furnace 5 are as shown in FIG. 10. The metal plate 1a that has passed through the first rolling mill 30 is a tension control device 25 composed of a bridle roll or the like and a dancer. The extension portion 1 provided at the inlet 15 of the degreasing device 4 via the speed control device 26 composed of rolls or the like.
6 is introduced into the chamber of the degreasing device 4 provided with a heater 17 and subsequently provided with a heater 18 for a continuous annealing furnace 5
It is introduced into the room of the above from the inlet 19 and is drawn out from the outlet 20 through the cooler 32 by the next second rolling mill 7.
The tension control device 25 controls the tension of the first rolling mill 30 and is not always necessary. In addition, the speed control device 2
Reference numeral 6 controls the speed of the second rolling mill 7 to control the speed and tension in the annealing furnace 5. The outlet 20 of the annealing furnace 5 is provided with a gas inlet 21, and the extension 16 of the degreasing device 4 is provided with an outlet 22 for gas and an outlet 23 for condensed oil. Reference numeral 24 is a clamp for cutting off the contact between the atmosphere in the furnace and the outside air. When the metal material 1 is pure copper, it is heated to 600 ° C. in the annealing furnace 5 in an atmosphere of, for example, N 2 gas introduced from the gas introduction port 21, and is externally cooled by a cooler 32 or natural cooling. Annealing is completed when cooled to room temperature. Prior to the annealing, it is necessary to remove the oil adhering to the metal plate 1a, but in the chamber of the degreasing device 4 connected to the annealing furnace 5, the oil was heated by the heater 17 and adhered to the metal plate 1a. The oil was removed by evaporation, and it was transferred to the continuous annealing furnace 5 as it was. A fan is connected to the exhaust port 22 provided near the inlet 15 of the extension 16 of the degreasing device 4, and an oil storage tank is connected to the exhaust port 23. The extension 1
0 becomes a relatively low temperature around room temperature due to heat radiation from its surroundings, but it may be cooled if necessary.
【００１９】該金属板１ａに付着した圧延油は脱脂装置
４の加熱により蒸発するが、その油蒸気はガス導入口２
１から連続焼鈍炉５の室内及び加熱脱脂炉４の室内を介
して延長部１６の排気口２２へと流れるガスにより外部
へ排出され、該延長部１６が比較的低温であるためにこ
れに該蒸気が接触して凝縮し、排出口２３から凝縮した
油が流れだし、排気口２２からはガスが排気され、連続
焼鈍炉５の室内へは油蒸気が侵入することがなく、脱脂
された金属板１ａの焼鈍を行なえる。例えば、該圧延油
の沸点が約１８０〜３５０℃であるとき、加熱脱脂炉４
では金属板１ａが約４００〜５００℃程度になるように
加熱し、焼鈍炉５ではヒーター１８により該金属板１ａ
を６００℃に加熱する。該金属板１ａを５ｍ／ｍｉｎの
速度で移動させたときに略完全に脱脂され、焼鈍炉５に
於ける焼鈍で変色等を生じることがなかった。The rolling oil adhering to the metal plate 1a is evaporated by the heating of the degreasing device 4, and the oil vapor is the gas introduction port 2
1 is discharged to the outside by the gas flowing to the exhaust port 22 of the extension part 16 through the chamber of the continuous annealing furnace 5 and the chamber of the thermal degreasing furnace 4, and the extension part 16 has a relatively low temperature. The steam is contacted and condensed, the condensed oil flows out from the exhaust port 23, the gas is exhausted from the exhaust port 22, the oil vapor does not enter the chamber of the continuous annealing furnace 5, and the degreased metal The plate 1a can be annealed. For example, when the boiling point of the rolling oil is about 180 to 350 ° C., the heating degreasing furnace 4
Then, the metal plate 1a is heated to about 400 to 500 ° C., and in the annealing furnace 5, the metal plate 1a is heated by the heater 18.
Is heated to 600 ° C. When the metal plate 1a was moved at a speed of 5 m / min, it was almost completely degreased, and the annealing in the annealing furnace 5 did not cause discoloration or the like.
【００２０】間歇送り吸収装置９がないときは、第１圧
延機３０に於いて金属板１ａは３．７ｍ／ｍｉｎの速度
変動幅と２７０ｋｇｆの張力変動幅を持ち、これでは第
１圧延機３０での圧延整形に支障を来すが、該間歇送り
吸収装置９を設けることにより、第１圧延機３０より後
方に於いて金属板１ａを０．５ｍ／ｍｉｎの速度変動幅
で２０ｋｇｆの張力変動幅とすることができ、圧延整形
とそれ以後の脱脂装置４、連続焼鈍炉５、第２圧延機
７、スリットカッター３１に於ける金属板１ａの加工処
理に支障がなかった。When the intermittent feeding absorber 9 is not provided, the metal plate 1a in the first rolling mill 30 has a velocity fluctuation width of 3.7 m / min and a tension fluctuation width of 270 kgf. However, by providing the intermittent feed absorption device 9, the tension fluctuation of 20 kgf in the speed fluctuation width of 0.5 m / min of the metal plate 1a behind the first rolling mill 30 is hindered. The width can be set, and there is no hindrance to rolling shaping and subsequent processing of the degreasing device 4, the continuous annealing furnace 5, the second rolling mill 7, and the metal plate 1a in the slit cutter 31.
【００２１】該第２圧延機７により焼鈍された金属板１
ａの整形が行なわれ、その直後に幅寸法を仕上げるため
にスリットカッター３１により該金属板１ａの両側縁が
切除され、リコイラー８で巻き取られる。該第２圧延機
７は脱脂装置４及び焼鈍炉５内の金属板１ａを引張って
焼鈍時間が一定になるようにこれを移動すると共にスリ
ットカッター３１で切除される該金属板１ａを左右に振
れないようにロールで押さえて正確な幅寸法に仕上げ
る。３３及び３４は第２圧延機７の前方とスリットカッ
ター３１の後方に設けたガイドで、異形断面の金属板１
ａの場合には図６のようにその凹凸形状に適合する凹凸
を有する。該スリットカッター３１の構成は図１３に示
す如であり、その幅方向の中心は第２圧延機７のロール
の幅方向の中心に合致させて設けられる。Metal plate 1 annealed by the second rolling mill 7
A is shaped, and immediately after that, both side edges of the metal plate 1a are cut by the slit cutter 31 to finish the width dimension, and the metal plate 1a is wound by the recoiler 8. The second rolling mill 7 pulls the metal plate 1a in the degreasing device 4 and the annealing furnace 5 so as to move the metal plate 1a so that the annealing time becomes constant, and also shakes the metal plate 1a cut by the slit cutter 31 to the left and right. Hold it with a roll so that it does not have an exact width. Reference numerals 33 and 34 denote guides provided in front of the second rolling mill 7 and in the rear of the slit cutter 31, which are metal plates 1 having an irregular cross section.
In the case of a, as shown in FIG. 6, it has unevenness that matches the uneven shape. The configuration of the slit cutter 31 is as shown in FIG. 13, and the center in the width direction is provided so as to match the center in the width direction of the rolls of the second rolling mill 7.
【００２２】該第１圧延機３０により引かれる金型装置
２側の長尺金属板１ａは１．０〜１０ｍ／ｍｉｎの速度
で張力が３００〜１０００ｋｇｆになり、該第１圧延機
３０から速度制御装置２６までの間では、該金属板１ａ
は速度が２．０〜２０ｍ／ｍｉｎ、張力が５０〜２００
ｋｇｆとなり、脱脂装置４に入るときには該金属板１ａ
は速度が２．０〜２０ｍ／ｍｉｎで張力が１０〜５０ｋ
ｇｆとなり、スリットカッター３１により仕上げられて
巻き取られるときの該金属板１ａの速度と張力は３．０
〜３０ｍ／ｍｉｎと１００〜５００ｋｇｆになる。The elongated metal plate 1a on the die apparatus 2 side pulled by the first rolling mill 30 has a tension of 300 to 1000 kgf at a speed of 1.0 to 10 m / min. Up to the control device 26, the metal plate 1a
Has a speed of 2.0 to 20 m / min and a tension of 50 to 200
kgf, and when entering the degreasing device 4, the metal plate 1a
Has a speed of 2.0 to 20 m / min and a tension of 10 to 50 k
gf, and the speed and tension of the metal plate 1a when finished by the slit cutter 31 and wound up are 3.0.
-30 m / min and 100-500 kgf.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、長尺金属
材料を間歇的に移動させながら圧延成形する金型装置の
後方に間歇送り吸収装置を介して第１圧延機を設け、そ
の後方に張力制御装置と速度制御装置を介して脱脂装置
と連続焼鈍炉を設け、更にその後方に第２圧延機とスリ
ットカッターを互いに接近して設けたので、間歇的な金
属材料の移動により金型装置で成形された圧延油の付着
した長尺金属板をそのまま一定速度で移動させながら整
形、焼鈍、整形、幅加工を連続的に行なえ、高精度の金
属板を能率良く製造することができる等の効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, the first rolling mill is provided behind the die device for rolling and forming the long metal material while intermittently moving it through the intermittent feeding and absorbing device, and thereafter. On the other hand, the degreasing device and the continuous annealing furnace were installed on the other side through the tension control device and the speed control device, and further the second rolling mill and the slit cutter were installed close to each other behind the degreasing device and the continuous annealing furnace. It is possible to efficiently manufacture high-precision metal plates by continuously performing shaping, annealing, shaping, and width processing while moving a long metal plate with rolling oil formed by a mold device at a constant speed. And so on.
【図１】 金型装置により成形された長尺金属板の１例
の斜視図FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a long metal plate formed by a mold device.
【図２】 金型装置の説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a mold device.
【図３】 異形断面板製造用の金型の斜視図FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a mold for manufacturing a modified cross-section plate.
【図４】 高精度板厚金属材料製造用の金型の斜視図FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a mold for manufacturing a high-precision thick metal material.
【図５】 金型装置により成形された長尺金属板の他の
１例の斜視図FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of a long metal plate formed by a mold device.
【図６】 長尺金属板のガイドの斜視図FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a guide of a long metal plate.
【図７】 金型装置で連続成形した金属材料を巻き取っ
た場合の速度・張力の変化の線図FIG. 7 is a diagram of changes in speed and tension when a metallic material continuously formed by a die device is wound up.
【図８】 本発明の実施例の全体側面図FIG. 8 is an overall side view of the embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】 図８の要部の拡大図9 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.
【図１０】 図８の他の要部の拡大図FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of another main part of FIG.
【図１１】 図８の更に他の要部の拡大図FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of still another main part of FIG.
【図１２】 間歇送り吸収装置の作動状態の説明図FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an operating state of the intermittent feeding absorption device.
【図１３】 図１１のＡ−Ａ部拡大断面図13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
１ 長尺金属材料 １ａ 長尺金属板 ２
金型装置 ２ａ 金型 ２ｂ 板面 ３
押圧ロール ４ 脱脂装置 ５ 連続焼鈍炉 ７
第２圧延機 ９ 間歇送り吸収装置 １０、１０ａ、１０ｂ、１
０ｃ ロール １１ 間隔 １２ ばね １３、１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃ 揺動ロール １５、１９ 入口 ２０ 出口 ２１
ガス排気口 ２３ 油排出口 ２５ 張力制御装置 ２６
速度制御装置 ３０ 第１圧延機 ３１ スリットカッター1 Long metal material 1a Long metal plate 2
Mold device 2a Mold 2b Plate surface 3
Pressing roll 4 Degreasing device 5 Continuous annealing furnace 7
Second rolling mill 9 Intermittent feed absorption device 10, 10a, 10b, 1
0c Roll 11 Interval 12 Spring 13, 13a, 13b, 13c Swing roll 15, 19 Inlet 20 Outlet 21
Gas exhaust port 23 Oil exhaust port 25 Tension control device 26
Speed controller 30 1st rolling mill 31 Slit cutter
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 福田 弘 長野県松本市大字笹賀5652番地111 カワ イ精密金属株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Fukuda 5652 Sasaga, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture 111 Kawai Precision Metal Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
る板面を備えた金型と、該金型の板面に沿って該板面の
範囲内を押圧転動して該板面に当接した長尺金属材料を
圧延する押圧ロールとを備えた金型装置の後方に、該金
型装置で成形された長尺金属板を略一定速度で移動させ
ると共にこれを整形する第１圧延機を設け、該金型装置
と該第１圧延機の間に、該長尺金属板の面に接して定位
置に於いて回転する間隔を存して配置した複数個のロー
ルと、該間隔に該長尺金属板を該間隔内で蛇行させるば
ねが作用した揺動ロールとを有する間歇送り吸収装置を
設け、該第１圧延機の圧延トルクで該金型装置に於ける
長尺金属板の引抜力を与え、該第１圧延機の後方にダン
サーロール等の速度制御装置を介して入口に脱脂装置を
備えた連続焼鈍炉を設け、該連続焼鈍炉の後方に焼鈍さ
れた該長尺金属板を圧延する第２圧延機を設けると共に
該第２圧延機に接近させて圧延された長尺金属板の側縁
部を切除するスリットカッターを設けたことを特徴とす
る金型圧延連続処理装置。1. A mold having a plate surface with which a long metal material that moves intermittently abuts, and the plate surface that is pressed and rolled within the range of the plate surface along the plate surface of the mold. A long metal plate formed by the mold device is moved at a substantially constant speed behind a mold device equipped with a pressing roll for rolling the long metal material that is in contact with A rolling mill is provided, and a plurality of rolls arranged in contact with the surface of the elongated metal plate at intervals to rotate at a fixed position between the die device and the first rolling mill, An intermittent feed absorption device having an interval and an oscillating roll acted by a spring that causes the elongated metal plate to meander within the interval is provided, and the elongated metal in the die device by the rolling torque of the first rolling mill. A continuous annealing furnace provided with a degreasing device at the inlet through a speed control device such as a dancer roll is provided behind the first rolling mill by applying a drawing force to the plate. Provided behind the continuous annealing furnace, a second rolling machine for rolling the annealed long metal sheet is provided, and a side edge portion of the rolled long metal sheet is cut close to the second rolling machine. A continuous die rolling processing device, which is provided with a slit cutter.
の加熱脱脂炉から成る脱脂装置を備え、該連続焼鈍炉の
出口側にガス導入口を設けてその室内をガス雰囲気とす
ると共に該加熱脱脂炉の室内からその入口側へ延びる比
較的低温の延長部を設けてそこに油排出口とガス排出口
を分離して設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の金
型圧延連続処理装置。2. The continuous annealing furnace is provided with a degreasing device consisting of a heating degreasing furnace having a heating atmosphere at an inlet thereof, and a gas introduction port is provided at an outlet side of the continuous annealing furnace so that a gas atmosphere is formed in the chamber and the heating is performed. The continuous die rolling treatment according to claim 1, wherein an extension portion of a relatively low temperature that extends from the chamber of the degreasing furnace to the inlet side thereof is provided, and the oil discharge port and the gas discharge port are separately provided therein. apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7718593A JP2826936B2 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | Die rolling continuous processing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7718593A JP2826936B2 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | Die rolling continuous processing equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06285573A true JPH06285573A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
| JP2826936B2 JP2826936B2 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
Family
ID=13626764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7718593A Expired - Lifetime JP2826936B2 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | Die rolling continuous processing equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2826936B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009142007A1 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | 三菱伸銅株式会社 | Method for producing deformed cross-section strip |
| JP2010058143A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing bar steel having deformed cross-section |
| JP2012172244A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-10 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | Copper alloy sheet with deformed cross section excellent in press workability, and method for producing the same |
-
1993
- 1993-04-02 JP JP7718593A patent/JP2826936B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009142007A1 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | 三菱伸銅株式会社 | Method for producing deformed cross-section strip |
| JP2010058143A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing bar steel having deformed cross-section |
| JP2012172244A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-10 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | Copper alloy sheet with deformed cross section excellent in press workability, and method for producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2826936B2 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
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