JPH06277039A - Culture of poria cocos wolf - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To artificially culture Poria cocos Wolf. CONSTITUTION:A liquid medium is obtained by dissolving 5g of glucose, 8g of malt extract, 0.3g of CSL, 5g of dry yeast, 3g of (NH4)2SO4, 0.1g of CaCl2.6H2 O and 0.1g of thiamine in 1L of ion-exchanged water. Poria cocos Wolf of stock culture is inoculated into the liquid medium and to medium is subjected to stationary culture at 20 deg.C. The amount of culture mass of Poria cocos increases in process of culturing dates, thus Poria cocos Wolf is artificially cultured by this method.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、茯苓の培養方法に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a scale.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年薬害の問題から副作用の恐れの少な
い漢方薬（生薬）が見直されてきており、その使用量は
増大の一途である。そのうち茯苓は不完全菌類に属する
ものであるが、安魂、養神、延年、利小便やその他多く
の作用を有し、種々の症状に有効な優れた漢方薬の成分
として知られている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, Chinese herbs (herbal medicines), which are less likely to cause side effects due to the problem of drug damage, have been reviewed, and the amount used has been increasing. Of these, Furei, which belongs to the incomplete fungi, has many effects such as Ansoul, Yojin, Renewal, urine and urine, and is known as an ingredient of an excellent herbal medicine effective for various symptoms.

【０００３】この茯苓は伐採した松の切り株の３〜５年
を経た根に寄生した菌核であり、全形のものは丸みのあ
る大小不定の塊で重さ１〜２ｋｇに達するが通常はその
断片又は切片から成る。従来かかる茯苓を採取するに
は、茯苓は土中の深さ１０〜３０ｃｍ程の枯れた松の根
の周囲に生ずるため、その様な場所を目当てとして、Ｔ
字型の柄に鉄製の先の尖った棒を取り付けてなる茯苓突
きを用いて土中を突いて探す方法が採られていた。この
方法では、茯苓が存在する土中に茯苓突きを突き刺した
時には必ず白色の茯苓片が付着し、また刺した感触が異
なることに基づいて茯苓の存在を確認している。This rooster is a sclerotium that parasitizes the roots of a felled pine stump aged 3 to 5 years, and the whole one is a rounded large and small indefinite mass that weighs 1 to 2 kg. It consists of fragments or pieces. Conventionally, in order to collect such a flesh flesh, since the flesh flesh occurs around a dead pine root with a depth of about 10 to 30 cm in the soil, aiming for such a place, T
A method was used in which the iron was used to attach a pointed iron rod to the handle to make a search for it by plunging into the soil. According to this method, when a peony stake is stabbed in the soil where a skein flesh is present, a white skein flee piece is always attached, and the existence of a flee peony is confirmed based on the different feeling of the pierce.

【０００４】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとしている課題】しかしながら上述
の茯苓の採取方法は、茯苓突きを持って枯れた松の根の
周辺を突いて歩く作業であり大変な労力がかかる上に、
茯苓の存在の確認には熟練を要するため採取が困難であ
るという問題があった。また最近では、宅地開発に伴い
茯苓の生育場所が減少すると共に、採取専門家が高年齢
化し、茯苓の採取が益々困難になってきている。従って
茯苓の国内採取量は需要量に追いつかず、その大部分は
中国から輸入されているのが現状である。However, the above-mentioned method of collecting a peony is a work in which a peony butt is used to poke and walk around a dead pine root.
There is a problem that it is difficult to collect because the skill is required to confirm the existence of the peony. In addition, recently, along with the development of residential land, the number of peony growing places has decreased, and the collection specialists have become older, making it even more difficult to collect peony. Therefore, the domestic collection volume of Peony cannot keep up with the demand volume, and most of it is currently imported from China.

【０００５】本発明はこのような事情のもとになされた
ものであり、その目的は茯苓を人工的に培養する方法を
提供することにある。The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method for artificially cultivating a scale.

【０００６】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、種々の固型
培養や液体培養を試行錯誤的に行って、茯苓の培養を試
みた結果、本発明方法を確立するに至った。Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have established the method of the present invention as a result of trial and error of various solid-type cultures and liquid cultures to try to culture peony.

【０００７】即ち、本発明は、糖類と、穀類の芽または
胚芽からの抽出成分と、ビタミンとを含む液体培地を用
いて、茯苓を培養することを特徴とする。[0007] That is, the present invention is characterized by cultivating a peony by using a liquid medium containing a sugar, an extract component from a cereal bud or germ, and a vitamin.

【０００８】[0008]

【作用】糖類と、穀類の芽または胚芽からの抽出成分
と、ビタミンとを含む液体培地を作成し、茯苓の原菌を
接種する。かかる培地における静止培養により茯苓は発
育するので、人工的に茯苓を培養することができる。[Function] A liquid medium containing sugars, components extracted from cereal buds or germs, and vitamins is prepared, and inoculated with the stock bacterium of the peony. Since the scales are grown by static culture in such a medium, the scales can be artificially cultured.

【０００９】[0009]

【実施例】本発明の茯苓の培養方法は、水に例えばグル
コースからなる糖類と、例えば麦芽のエキスであるmalt
extractやトウモロコシの胚芽のエキスであるＣＳＬ等
の穀類の芽または胚芽のエキスと、例えばdry yeast か
らなるビタミンとを溶解して得た液体培地を用いて、温
度１５〜２８℃の下で、静止培養により、茯苓を培養す
るものである。EXAMPLES The method for cultivating a peony according to the present invention comprises a saccharide such as glucose in water and malt, which is an extract of malt, for example.
Using a liquid medium obtained by dissolving a cereal bud or germ extract such as CSL, which is an extract of corn germ or corn germ, and a vitamin composed of, for example, dry yeast, at a temperature of 15 to 28 ° C. By culturing, Fukuryo is cultivated.

【００１０】以下に本発明の液体培地による培養方法を
用いて実際に茯苓の培養を試みた実験例について説明す
る。An experimental example of actually attempting to culture 苀 苋 will be described below using the culture method using the liquid medium of the present invention.

【００１１】［実験例］ （方法）イオン交換水１ｌに、グルコース５ｇ、malt e
xtract８ｇ、ＣＳＬ０．３ｇ、dry yeast ５ｇ、（ＮＨ
₄ ）₂ ＳＯ₄ ３ｇ、ＣａＣｌ₂ ・６Ｈ₂ Ｏ０．１ｇ、チ
アミン０．１ｇを溶解し（〈表１〉実験例１参照）、液
体培地を作成した。５００ｍｌ片口ルー氏フラスコに、
上述の液体培地を３００ｍｌ入れ、茯苓の原菌を１白金
耳接種した後密栓し、培養温度２０℃の下で、静止培養
を行った。[Experimental Example] (Method) 1 g of ion-exchanged water, 5 g of glucose and malt e
xtract8g, CSL0.3g, dry yeast 5g, (NH
₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 3 g, CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ O 0.1 g, and thiamine 0.1 g were dissolved (see Experimental Example 1 in Table 1) to prepare a liquid medium. In a 500 ml one-neck Rou flask,
300 ml of the above-mentioned liquid medium was placed, 1 platinum loop of a stock of Bombyx mori was inoculated, then sealed, and static culture was performed at a culture temperature of 20 ° C.

【００１２】３０日放置後ルー氏フラスコから茯苓を取
り出し、乾燥した後計量を行った。この操作を１０日毎
に７０日経過するまで行った（実験例１）。また〈表
１〉の実験例１〜４に示すように培地の組成を変えて同
様の実験を行った。After standing for 30 days, the scale was taken out from the Roux flask, dried and weighed. This operation was performed every 10 days until 70 days passed (Experimental Example 1). Further, the same experiment was conducted by changing the composition of the medium as shown in Experimental Examples 1 to 4 of Table 1.

【００１３】[0013]

【表１】 （結果）上述の［実験例１〜４］の結果、即ち本発明の
培養方法により培養された茯苓の量を〈表２〉に示す。
なおこの値は、液体培地１ｌから得られる茯苓の量に換
算したものである。[Table 1] (Results) Table 2 shows the results of the above-mentioned [Experimental Examples 1 to 4], that is, the amount of the sardines cultivated by the culturing method of the present invention.
In addition, this value is converted into the amount of Fukuryo obtained from 1 liter of the liquid medium.

【００１４】[0014]

【表２】 次に本発明の茯苓の培養方法を確立するまでに試行錯誤
的に行った培養方法を比較例として説明する。本発明の
培養方法を見出すまでは種々の固型培養や液体培養を行
ったが、比較例としてはこれらのうちからその一部であ
る鋸屑による固型培養（比較例１）、potato dextrose
培地による液体培養（比較例２）、無機成分を主体とす
る液体培養（比較例３）について記載する。[Table 2] Next, a culture method carried out by trial and error until establishing the method for cultivating a peony according to the present invention will be described as a comparative example. Various solid-type cultures and liquid cultures were carried out until the culture method of the present invention was found. As comparative examples, solid-type culture with sawdust, which is a part of these, (Comparative Example 1), potato dextrose.
Liquid culture with a medium (Comparative Example 2) and liquid culture mainly containing inorganic components (Comparative Example 3) will be described.

【００１５】［比較例１−鋸屑による固型培養］ （方法）鋸屑１０００ｇ、米糠３００ｇ、ウイスキー粕
１０ｇを混合して固型培地を作成し（〈表３〉組成１参
照）、８００ｍｌエノキ茸栽培養ビンを用いて、茯苓の
培養を行った。また培地成分の混合量を、〈表３〉の組
成２〜４に示す量に変えて同様の実験を行った。[Comparative Example 1-Solid culture with sawdust] (Method) 1000 g of sawdust, 300 g of rice bran, and 10 g of whiskey lees were mixed to prepare a solid medium (see composition 1 in Table 3), and 800 ml of Enoki mushroom was cultivated. The peony culturing was carried out using a feeding bottle. Further, the same experiment was conducted by changing the mixing amount of the medium components to the amounts shown in the compositions 2 to 4 of Table 3.

【００１６】[0016]

【表３】 （結果）原菌を接種後約１０日で菌糸の発育が見られた
が、６０日経過してもそれ以上の発育は認められなかっ
た。[Table 3] (Results) Growth of mycelia was observed about 10 days after inoculation with the protozoa, but no further growth was observed even after 60 days.

【００１７】［比較例２−potato dextrose 培地による
液体培養］ （方法）馬鈴薯３００ｇを水約８００ｍｌで煮た後濾過
して濾液を得、この濾液を１ｌの量になるまで水で希釈
することにより液体培地を作成し、上述の［実験例］と
同様の方法を用いて茯苓の液体培養を行った。 （結果）茯苓の発育は認められなかった。[Comparative Example 2-Liquid culture with potato dextrose medium] (Method) 300 g of potatoes was boiled with about 800 ml of water and filtered to obtain a filtrate, and the filtrate was diluted with water to a volume of 1 liter. A liquid culture medium was prepared, and a liquid culture of the scorpion was performed using the same method as in the above [Experimental Example]. (Results) No development of peony was observed.

【００１８】［比較例３−無機成分を主体とする液体培
養］ （方法）１ｌの水に、無機成分としてＫＨ₂ ＰＯ₄ １
ｇ、（ＮＨ₄ ）₂ ＳＯ₄ ２ｇ、ＭｇＳＯ₄ ０．１ｇ、Ｆ
ｅＳＯ₄ ０．２ｇ、ＫＣｌ０．５ｇ、ＮａＮＯ₃ １ｇを
溶解して液体培地を作成し（〈表４〉の組成１参照）、
上述の［実験例］と同様の方法を用いて茯苓の培養を行
った。また培地の組成を〈表４〉の組成２、３に示す値
に変えて同様の実験を行った。さらに〈表５、６〉に示
すように無機成分を種々変えたり、〈表７〉に示すよう
に例えばグルコース等の糖分を加える等、液体培地の成
分や組成を変えて同様の実験を行った。[Comparative Example 3-Liquid culture mainly composed of inorganic components] (Method) In 1 l of water, KH ₂ PO ₄ 1 as an inorganic component
g, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 2 g, MgSO ₄ 0.1 g, F
A liquid medium was prepared by dissolving 0.2 g of eSO ₄ , 0.5 g of KCl, and 1 g of NaNO ₃ (see composition 1 in Table 4),
Falcon was cultivated using the same method as in the above [Experimental Example]. Further, the same experiment was conducted by changing the composition of the medium to the values shown in Compositions 2 and 3 of Table 4. Further, similar experiments were carried out by changing the components and composition of the liquid medium, such as changing various inorganic components as shown in <Tables 5 and 6> and adding sugars such as glucose as shown in <Table 7>. .

【００１９】[0019]

【表４】 [Table 4]

【００２０】[0020]

【表５】 [Table 5]

【００２１】[0021]

【表６】 [Table 6]

【００２２】[0022]

【表７】 （結果）いずれの場合も、原菌を接種後４０日の段階で
は、発芽は全くしないか、あるいはほとんどしない状態
であることが確認された。[Table 7] (Results) In any case, it was confirmed that no germination or almost no germination was observed at the stage of 40 days after the inoculation of the protozoa.

【００２３】次に上述の［実験例］と［比較例］につい
て考察する。茯苓の人工的な培養方法について研究する
にあたり、茯苓は不完全菌類であるため、まず最初に菌
類の一般的な培養方法である鋸屑による固型培養に着目
した。このため上述の［比較例１］の実験を試みたが、
好ましい結果は得られなかった。また茯苓は松の根に寄
生した菌核であることを考慮して、鋸屑の中に松のエキ
スや松やにを加えた培地を用いて同様の実験を行ったが
効果はなかった。Next, the above-mentioned [Experimental example] and [Comparative example] will be considered. In studying the artificial culture method of 苯 苓, since 苯 苓 is an incomplete fungus, first of all, we focused on the solid culture with sawdust, which is a general culturing method of fungi. Therefore, the experiment of [Comparative Example 1] described above was tried,
No favorable result was obtained. Considering that Furei is a sclerotium parasitizing the roots of pine trees, the same experiment was conducted using a medium containing pine extract or pine nuts in sawdust, but there was no effect.

【００２４】次に［比較例２］に示すpotato dextrose
培地による茯苓の液体培地を試みた。この培養方法に着
目したのは、potato dextrose の固体培地が、例えばシ
イタケ、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ、マンネンタケ等の担子
菌類の保存培地として使用されているからである。但し
これらの菌類は、固体培地の表面上において菌糸が発育
するものであるため、茯苓のような地下において発育す
るものは、培養にかかる労力や場所等を考慮すると、液
体中において培養できれば便利であると考えたからであ
る。なおpotato dextrose の液体培地による培養方法
は、主として細菌や藻類の培養に用いられる方法であ
り、糸状菌や担子菌類の培養には用いられていない。し
かしこの方法を用いても好ましい結果は得られなかっ
た。Next, potato dextrose shown in [Comparative Example 2]
An attempt was made to use a liquid medium of Furei on the medium. The reason why this culture method was focused is that the solid medium of potato dextrose is used as a storage medium for basidiomycetes such as shiitake mushroom, enokitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, and the like. However, since these fungi grow hyphae on the surface of the solid medium, those that grow underground such as 苓苓 will be convenient if they can be cultivated in a liquid in consideration of labor and place for culturing. Because I thought there was. The culture method of potato dextrose in a liquid medium is a method mainly used for culturing bacteria and algae, and is not used for culturing filamentous fungi and basidiomycetes. However, favorable results were not obtained even using this method.

【００２５】［比較例３］に示す無機成分による液体培
養は、主に特殊な栄養要求のある細菌、糸状菌、藻類等
の培養に用いられる方法である。〈表４〜７〉からも明
らかなように、種々の無機成分や糖分を用いて液体培地
を作成し、茯苓の培養を試みたが茯苓を発育させること
に対しほとんど効果はなかった。The liquid culture with the inorganic components shown in [Comparative Example 3] is a method mainly used for culturing bacteria, filamentous fungi, algae and the like having special nutritional requirements. As is clear from <Tables 4 to 7>, a liquid medium was prepared using various inorganic components and sugars, and an attempt was made to culture peony, but there was almost no effect on the development of peony.

【００２６】しかしながらこの培地に、これの添加によ
りある種の植物病原菌（糸状菌）の菌糸の肥大を得たと
いう発明者の過去の実験資料に基づいて、malt extract
を加えたところ茯苓は発芽し、上述の比較例に比べて顕
著な効果が見られたが、培養により得られた茯苓の量は
わずかであり実用性にはほど遠かった。このため穀類の
エキスに注目し、培地にＣＳＬを加えたところ更に発育
が良くなり、またビタミンの一種であるdry yeast を加
えると一層発育が良くなった。さらにグルコース等の糖
分を加えると茯苓の菌糸の発育にさらに良い効果を与え
ることが確認された。However, malt extract was added to this medium based on the past experimental data of the inventor that the hyphae of certain phytopathogenic fungi (filamentous fungi) were obtained by adding this medium.
When added, the sprouting germinated, and a remarkable effect was seen as compared with the above-mentioned comparative example, but the amount of scorpion obtained by the culture was small and it was far from practical use. Therefore, paying attention to grain extracts, when CSL was added to the medium, the growth was further improved, and when dry yeast, which is a kind of vitamin, was added, the growth was further improved. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the addition of sugars such as glucose gives a better effect on the development of the hyphae of the peony.

【００２７】このようにして種々の固型培養や液体培地
を試行錯誤的に試みた結果、水に無機成分と共に、グル
コース等の糖分、malt extract、ＣＳＬ等の穀類の芽ま
たは胚芽からのエキスやdry yeast 等のビタミンを溶解
して得た液体培地が茯苓の培養に適していることを見出
し、従来菌類の培養には用いられていなかった液体培地
を用いた茯苓の培養方法を確立するに至った。As a result of trial-and-error trials of various solid cultures and liquid culture mediums, sugars such as glucose, malt extract, extracts from cereal buds or germs such as CSL, etc. were added to water together with inorganic components. We found that a liquid medium obtained by dissolving vitamins such as dry yeast was suitable for cultivating the scorpion flesh and established a method for cultivating the scorpion flesh using a liquid medium that was not used for culturing fungi in the past. It was

【００２８】このような前提の下で、［実験例］ではグ
ルコース、malt extract、ＣＳＬ、dry yeast の他に、
（ＮＨ₄ ）₂ ＳＯ₄ 、ＣａＣｌ₂ ・６Ｈ₂ Ｏ、ＺｎＳＯ
₄ ・７Ｈ₂ Ｏ等の無機成分やチアミンからなるビタミ
ン、starchからなる糖類を培地成分とし、これらを〈表
１〉に示すように種々組み合わせて［実験例１〜４］の
４種類の液体培地を作成し、これらの培地における茯苓
の発育状態を観察した。Under these conditions, in [Experimental Example], in addition to glucose, malt extract, CSL and dry yeast,
(NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, ZnSO
₄ · 7H ₂ O, etc. Vitamin comprising an inorganic component and Thiamine, and saccharide medium components consisting of starch, 4 kinds of liquid medium of the combined variously as shown in <Table 1> Experimental Example 1-4] Was prepared, and the developmental condition of the peony on these media was observed.

【００２９】この結果は〈表２〉に示す通りであり、い
ずれの実験例においても培養日数の経過ごとに培養によ
り得られた茯苓の量は増加していることから、茯苓は各
培地中で発育していることが認められ、グルコース、ma
lt extractやＣＳＬ、dry yeast を含む液体培地による
液体培養によって、茯苓を人工的に培養できることが確
認された。The results are shown in Table 2 and, in any of the experimental examples, since the amount of the scorpion flesh obtained by the culturing increases with the lapse of the culturing days, the scorpion flesh is different in each medium. Developing, glucose, ma
It was confirmed that the 耍 苓 can be artificially cultivated by liquid culture in a liquid medium containing lt extract, CSL, and dry yeast.

【００３０】また〈表２〉より、各培地において培養さ
れた茯苓の量を比較すると、培養日数が４０日程度では
大きな違いは見られないが、６０日経過時には［実験例
３］の培地における培養量は他の培地に比べて劣り始
め、７０日経過時にはかなり大きな違いになっている。Further, comparing Table 2 with each other, when comparing the amount of the boiled peony cultivated in each medium, no significant difference was observed when the number of days of culture was about 40 days, but after 60 days, in the medium of [Experimental Example 3]. The culture amount began to be inferior compared to the other media, and after 70 days, there was a considerable difference.

【００３１】ここで［実験例３］の培地と他の３種類の
培地との成分は、無機成分やチアミン、starch等の組み
合わせや量も異なるが、最も大きな違いはmalt extract
の有無である。従って、グルコース、ＣＳＬ、dry yeas
t の組み合わせによっても茯苓は発育するが、茯苓の培
養にはグルコース、ＣＳＬ、malt extract、dry yeast
の組み合わせが特に適していると推察される。Here, the components of the medium of [Experimental Example 3] and the other three types of medium are different in combination and amount of inorganic components, thiamine, starch and the like, but the biggest difference is malt extract.
The presence or absence of Therefore, glucose, CSL, dry yeas
Depending on the combination of t, the scales also grow, but glucose, CSL, malt extract, dry yeast are used to culture the scales.
It is assumed that the combination of is particularly suitable.

【００３２】なお以上において本発明の茯苓の培養に用
いられる液体培地に含まれる成分としては、グルコース
以外の糖類や、malt extract、ＣＳＬ以外の穀類の芽ま
たは胚芽からの抽出成分、dry yeast 以外のビタミンを
用いることも可能である。In the above, the components contained in the liquid medium used for cultivating the scales of the present invention include sugars other than glucose, malt extract, components extracted from cereal buds or germs other than CSL, and components other than dry yeast. It is also possible to use vitamins.

【００３３】[0033]

【発明の効果】本発明は、糖類、穀類の芽または胚芽か
らの抽出成分、ビタミンを含む液体培地を用いる液体培
養が、茯苓の培養に適していることを見出したものであ
り、この培養方法を用いることによって茯苓を人工的に
培養することができる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has found that a liquid culture using a liquid medium containing sugars, components extracted from cereal buds or germs, and vitamins is suitable for cultivating Falcon. By using, it is possible to artificially culture the peony.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 糖類と、穀類の芽または胚芽からの抽出
成分と、ビタミンとを含む液体培地を用いて、茯苓を培
養することを特徴とする茯苓の培養方法。1. A method of cultivating a scorpion, which comprises culturing a scorpion using a liquid medium containing a sugar, an extract component from a cereal bud or an embryo, and a vitamin.