JPH05501947A - Rapid pyrolysis liquid smoking - Google Patents

Rapid pyrolysis liquid smoking

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JPH05501947A
JPH05501947A JP1503551A JP50355189A JPH05501947A JP H05501947 A JPH05501947 A JP H05501947A JP 1503551 A JP1503551 A JP 1503551A JP 50355189 A JP50355189 A JP 50355189A JP H05501947 A JPH05501947 A JP H05501947A
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liquid
pyrolysis
seconds
wood
temperature
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JP3217053B2 (en
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アンダウッド,ゲアリ エル.
グレアム,ロバート ジー.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/044Smoking; Smoking devices
    • A23B4/048Smoking; Smoking devices with addition of chemicals other than natural smoke
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/044Smoking; Smoking devices
    • A23B4/052Smoke generators ; Smoking apparatus
    • A23B4/0526Smoke generators or smoking apparatus using liquid smoke in gaseous or liquid form
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/10Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
    • A23L27/11Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained by solvent extraction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/27Smoke flavours
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/51Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 口a’ 腫」 本発明は概ね、獣肉、魚肉、家禽肉及び他の食料品を加工し、フレーバー付与し 且つ着色するのに、急速熱分解方法で製造される液温を使用することに関する。[Detailed description of the invention] Mouth a’ 'tumor' The present invention generally involves processing and flavoring meat, fish, poultry, and other food products. And it relates to using liquid temperature produced by rapid pyrolysis method for coloring.

Iユニ11 木材から生じる煙との直接接触により燻す代わりに液温溶液を用いることは標準 的工業プラクティスになっている。獣肉及び他の蛋白質食料品の表面に適用する とき、液温は食品に独特の燻しフレーバーを付与するだけでなく、蛋白質と反応 して薫製食品に特有の濃色をもたらす。I Uni 11 It is standard to use liquid-temperature solutions instead of smoking by direct contact with smoke originating from wood. It has become a standard industrial practice. Apply to the surface of meat and other protein foodstuffs At the same time, the liquid temperature not only imparts a unique smoky flavor to food, but also reacts with proteins. and gives smoked foods their characteristic deep color.

表面適用に商業上用いられるこのような一つの水性液塩調製物は米国特許第3, 106,473号明細書に記載されている。この生成物は、限定された空気接近 による堅木材すなわちおが(ずの部分燃焼の後望ましい燻し成分を水中水和化さ せることによって製造される。One such aqueous liquid salt preparation used commercially for surface applications is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 106,473. This product has limited air access After partial combustion of hardwood or sawdust, the desired smoke components are hydrated in water. Manufactured by

食料応用での使用に適さないタール、ポリマー、ベンゾ(a)ピレンを含む多環 式芳香族炭化水素、ワックス並びに他の望ましくない生成物を含有する重質水不 溶性相は廃棄する。Polycycles containing tars, polymers, and benzo(a)pyrenes unsuitable for use in food applications Heavy water waste containing aromatic hydrocarbons, waxes and other undesirable products. Discard the soluble phase.

煙は、熱分解反応から生じる化学物質の複雑な変動性混合物であり、室温で通常 液体である蒸気様化合物を包含するゆ熱分解は、任意有機物(すなわち木材、植 物、化石燃料等)の熱分解に関する一般用語であり、燃焼の間或は燃焼を伴わず に生じうる。前者では、有機物の一部分の酸化ないし燃焼が、有機物の残り部分 を気化ないし分解するのに必要な熱をもたらす、燃焼を伴わない場合、い(つか の他の源(すなわち、放射線、固体ないし気体熱担体または反応器壁を通しての 伝熱等、)から間接的に熱を供給せねばならない。Smoke is a complex and variable mixture of chemicals resulting from pyrolysis reactions, typically at room temperature. Pyrolysis, which involves vapor-like compounds that are liquid, can be A general term for the thermal decomposition of materials (such as fossil fuels, fossil fuels, etc.) during or without combustion. can occur. In the former case, the oxidation or combustion of a part of the organic matter oxidizes or burns the remaining organic matter. If it does not involve combustion, which provides the heat necessary to vaporize or decompose the other sources (i.e. radiation, solid or gaseous heat carriers or through the reactor walls) Heat must be supplied indirectly, such as by heat transfer.

熱分解は、反応条件に依存して変動割合で液体(すなわち濃縮性液体)、気体( 非濃縮性気体)並びに固体(炭及び灰)を生成する。液体は更に、水溶性有機物 と水不溶性タールとに細分されつる。燻しフレーバー付与に望ましい活性成分が 、水に溶ける濃縮性蒸気(液体)に含まれることは知られている。Pyrolysis produces liquids (i.e. condensable liquids), gases (i.e. produces non-condensable gases) and solids (charcoal and ash). The liquid also contains water-soluble organic substances. and water-insoluble tar. Active ingredients desirable for imparting smoky flavor It is known that it is contained in condensable vapor (liquid) that dissolves in water.

現行の液温は、中温で生じる比較的緩徐な熱反応を特徴とする。工業的方法では 、木材供給原料が乾燥後おがくずに粉砕されて反応系に供給され−る0反応器の 代表的平均温度は約420℃である。加熱の方法に依存して、反応器内の温度勾 配は加熱器での6C)O’C〜バルク木材表面での250℃でありうる。固体( 木材/炭)及び蒸気の滞留時間は各々約10分及び1分である。Current liquid temperatures are characterized by relatively slow thermal reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures. In industrial methods , the wood feedstock is ground into sawdust after drying and fed into the reaction system. A typical average temperature is about 420°C. Depending on the method of heating, the temperature gradient inside the reactor The temperature range can be from 6C)O'C at the heater to 250C at the bulk wood surface. solid( The residence times of wood/charcoal) and steam are approximately 10 minutes and 1 minute, respectively.

慣用熱分解は代表的には、木材供給原料の夫々35重量%、35重量%及び30 重量%である液体、気体及び炭収率をもたらす、水不溶性成分は、木材含分から 誘導される全液体の50〜65重量%であるので、生の液温の正味収率は比較的 低い(すなわち木材供給原料の12〜20重量%)。Conventional pyrolysis typically uses 35%, 35% and 30% by weight of the wood feedstock, respectively. The water-insoluble components are removed from the wood content, resulting in a liquid, gas and char yield of % by weight. 50-65% by weight of the total liquid induced, so the net yield of raw liquid temperature is relatively low (i.e. 12-20% by weight of wood feedstock).

熱分解生成物はしばしば水浴またはスクラバーに通される。気体生成物は水浴を 通る。固体及び水不溶性タールは水から析出し、また水溶性有機物は液温として 水中に収集される。Pyrolysis products are often passed through a water bath or scrubber. Gaseous products should be washed with a water bath. Pass. Solid and water-insoluble tars precipitate from water, and water-soluble organic substances precipitate as liquid temperature. Collected underwater.

液温に存在する幾百もの異なる化学種があるけれども、液温生成物は、異なる官 能基に従い3種の化合物で特徴づけられてきた。該3種は1)酸、2)カルボニ ル及び3)フェノールである。Although there are hundreds of different chemical species present at liquid temperature, liquid temperature products are Three types of compounds have been characterized according to their functional groups. The three types are 1) acid, 2) carbonyl and 3) phenol.

この機能的定義は、フェノールが主要フレーバー付与性化合物であるに対しカル ボニルが主に着色の原因をなし、また酸が防腐剤として役立つので有用である。This functional definition means that phenol is the primary flavoring compound, whereas This is useful because the bonyl is primarily responsible for the color and the acid serves as a preservative.

酸及びカルボニルは副次的にフレーバーにも寄与し得、獣肉製品の表面特性を高 める。Acids and carbonyls can also contribute secondary flavor and enhance the surface properties of meat products. Melt.

酸類は、酢酸として計算される可滴定酸度として測定される。フェノールは2, 6−シメトキシフエノールとして計算される。フェノールを決定するための手順 はJounal of the As5ociation of Analyt ic CheIoists。Acids are measured as titratable acidity calculated as acetic acid. Phenol is 2, Calculated as 6-simethoxyphenol. Procedure for determining phenols Journal of the As5ociation of Analyt ic CheIoists.

XXV、779 (1942) i、:記載の修正Gibbs法であル、カルボ ニルは2−ブタノンとして計算される。カルボニルを決定する手順はAnaly tical Chemistry、 123.541−542 (1959)に 記載の修正Lappan−C1ark法である・そして、褐色化度を決定する手 順は1987年11月12日提出の米国特許出願07/119,673に記載さ れているので、これらの内容を援用する。XXV, 779 (1942) i: The modified Gibbs method described in Al, Carbo Nil is calculated as 2-butanone. The procedure for determining carbonyl is Analy tical Chemistry, 123.541-542 (1959) The method for determining the degree of browning is the modified Lappan-C1ark method described. The order is set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/119,673 filed November 12, 1987. The contents of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.

液温を特徴づけるのに用いられる別の尺度は褐色化度である。褐色化度は、フレ ーバー付与工業で液温フレーバーの褐色化性能を測定するのに用いられる。褐色 化度は、カルボニルがグリシン溶液と反応する程度を光学濃度によって測定する 分光光度分析技法を用いる。褐色化度は400nmでのグリシン反応溶液と対照 試料との吸収差から決定される。Another measure used to characterize liquid temperature is the degree of browning. The degree of browning is It is used in the flavoring industry to measure the browning performance of liquid temperature flavors. brown The degree of chemical reaction measures the degree to which carbonyl reacts with glycine solution by optical density. Using spectrophotometric techniques. The degree of browning is compared with the glycine reaction solution at 400 nm. Determined from the absorption difference with the sample.

獣肉ないし他の食料品への液温溶液の適用はい(つかの方法で実施しつる。独特 の燻し色が所望されるとき、バッチないし連続態様で個々の品目にスプレーもし くは浸漬を行うことができる。大規模なバッチを加工しようとする場合、液温の 噴霧雲を用いることができる。Application of liquid temperature solutions to meat or other foodstuffs (can be done in some ways. Unique) When a smoked color is desired, individual items may be sprayed in a batch or continuous manner. or immersion. When processing large batches, the liquid temperature A spray cloud can be used.

別法として、液温溶液を混入させたケーシング内でソーセージないしハムを加工 することができる。いずれの場合も、表面色が請求められている主要効果である とき、所要の燻し量を判断するのに全カルボニルの尺度が用いられる。これらの 化合物は表面で、蛋白質の有効アミノ基と反応して燻し色を形成する。特定のカ ルボニル、ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒドの濃度も亦、液温の色形成ポテンシャル の良い指欄である。Alternatively, the sausage or ham is processed in a casing mixed with a liquid temperature solution. can do. In both cases, surface color is the main effect claimed. In some cases, a measure of total carbonyls is used to determine the amount of smoke required. these The compound reacts with the available amino groups of proteins on the surface, forming a smoky color. a specific force The concentration of rubonyl and hydroxyacetaldehyde is also the color forming potential of liquid temperature. This is a good guide.

液温を生成する従来方法は、望ましい生成物の収率が比較的低く、望ましくない 副生物の収率が比較的高い、加えて、既知カルシノン、ベンゾ[a]とレンのレ ベルが比較的高(、該化合物の分離に、収集された濃縮性蒸気を引続き水で希釈 する必要がある。Conventional methods of producing liquid temperature have relatively low yields of the desired product and are undesirable. The yield of by-products is relatively high, and the known levels of carcinone, benzo[a] and ren are When the concentration level is relatively high (for the separation of the compound, the collected condensable vapors are subsequently diluted with water). There is a need to.

収集された凝縮物を希釈してベンゾ[a]ピレンのレベルを0.5ppb以下に 限定する要件によって、多酸含分〉13%または褐色化度>13.0の液温の生 成が後続濃縮を伴わずに防止される。Dilute the collected condensate to a benzo[a]pyrene level below 0.5 ppb. Depending on the limiting requirements, the solution temperature of polyacid content > 13% or browning degree > 13.0 formation is prevented without subsequent concentration.

近年、炭素質供給原料を迅速に熱処理する新規な方法が開発された。かかる方法 は、急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解と呼称されている。Recently, new methods have been developed to rapidly heat treat carbonaceous feedstocks. This method is called rapid or flash pyrolysis.

木材もしくはセルロースの急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解は、非常に短時間で高い 加熱速度を木材に付与し次いで速やかに熱分解生成物を350℃以下の温度に急 冷する方法である。急速熱分解の加熱速度は1000℃/秒を上回り、蒸気滞留 時間は2.0秒を下回る。急速熱分解方法は知られているが、この分野での研究 及び開発は、液体ないし気体燃料を製造し且つ高エネルギー値燃料の製造を最適 化することに集中している。Rapid or flash pyrolysis of wood or cellulose is very short and highly A heating rate is applied to the wood and then the pyrolysis products are rapidly brought to a temperature below 350°C. It is a method of cooling. The heating rate of rapid pyrolysis exceeds 1000℃/sec, and vapor retention The time is less than 2.0 seconds. Rapid pyrolysis methods are known, but research in this field is and development to produce liquid or gaseous fuels and optimize the production of high energy value fuels. I am concentrating on becoming

本発明の一つの目的は、慣用液塩に代えて、より高い収率及びより高濃度の望ま しい生成物並びにより低収率の気体ないし固体副生物を達成すべく急速熱分解か らの水溶性生成物を用いて液温を生成し、より高い効率及びそれに伴うコスト節 減をもたらす方法を提供することである。One object of the present invention is to replace conventional solution salts with the desired higher yield and higher concentration. Rapid pyrolysis to achieve new products as well as lower yields of gaseous or solid by-products. water-soluble products to generate liquid temperatures, resulting in higher efficiency and associated cost savings. The aim is to provide a method to bring about a reduction.

特に急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解は、より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率 及び他のカルボニル収率並びにより低いチャー、ベンゾ[a]とレン及び気体収 率なもたらす。カルボニル収率が高いほど、褐色化度が高くなる。Particularly rapid or flash pyrolysis yields higher hydroxyacetaldehyde yields. and other carbonyl yields and lower char, benzo[a] and lene and gas yields. bring about speed. The higher the carbonyl yield, the higher the degree of browning.

一層のコスト効率は、急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解での、より早い反応速度から 生じ、而してそれは、一定量の供給原料を処理するのに、より小さな反応器容量 で済む点で、より高い処理効率を許容する。More cost-effectiveness comes from faster reaction rates with rapid or flash pyrolysis. resulting in a smaller reactor capacity to process a given amount of feedstock. This allows for higher processing efficiency.

本発明の別の目的は、上記の液温溶液で食料品を処理することにより燻し着色な いしフレーバー付与された食料品の製造方法を提供することである。Another object of the invention is to eliminate smoke and coloration by treating foodstuffs with a liquid temperature solution as described above. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing flavored food products.

本発明の他の目的及び利益は以下の開示及び請求項から明らかとなろう。Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following disclosure and claims.

1豆立呈1 本発明は、急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解方法から液体熱分解生成物を製造し且つ 液温溶液に液体熱分解生成物を用いる方法に関する0本発明の液温溶液は高い収 率すなわち低いチャーないしタール形成を以て達成される。それは、既知カルシ ノゲン、ベンゾ[alピレンの含分が1.0ppb未満好ましくはO,5ppb 未満であり、而して伝統的方法で製造される液温よりも高い着色能力を有する。1 bean standing 1 The present invention produces liquid pyrolysis products from a rapid or flash pyrolysis process and 0 Regarding the method of using liquid pyrolysis products in a liquid temperature solution The liquid temperature solution of the present invention has a high yield. This is achieved with low char or tar formation. It is a known calci The content of nogen, benzo[alpyrene] is less than 1.0 ppb, preferably O, 5 ppb It has a higher coloring capacity than the liquid temperature produced by traditional methods.

液温溶液は、緩徐な熱分解液燻溶液から期待されるよりも穏やかな、より少ない 燻しフレーバーを以て獣肉に所望の燻し色を付与する。高いカルボニル(反応し うる色形成性化合物)対フェノール(フレーバー付与性化合物)比は、迅速熱分 解液塩溶液の、この比較的高い着色能力、低いフレーバー性質を示す。Liquid-temperature solutions are milder and less pyrolytic than expected from liquid-smoking solutions. To impart a desired smoky color to meat using smoky flavor. High carbonyl (reactive The ratio of phenols (color-forming compounds) to phenols (flavor-imparting compounds) is This relatively high coloring capacity, low flavor properties of the decomposition salt solution indicate.

本発明は、粉砕した木材もしくはセルロースを1.0秒以内で400〜650℃ に加熱し、該木材もしくはセルロースをこれらから生成された熱分解生成物と一 緒に0.03〜2.0秒間400〜650℃に保持し、熱分解生成物の温度を0 .6秒以内で350℃以下に低下させて液体抽出物を得、そして液体抽出物を単 離することを含む2食料品用水燻溶液の製造方法を提供する。The present invention can process crushed wood or cellulose at 400-650°C within 1.0 seconds. The wood or cellulose is combined with the pyrolysis products produced therefrom. The temperature of the pyrolysis product was brought down to 0. .. The liquid extract is obtained by lowering the temperature to below 350°C within 6 seconds, and the liquid extract is simply 2. A method for producing a food water smoke solution is provided.

食料品用水爆溶液の好ましい製造方法は、粉砕した木材もしくはセルロースを酸 素の不存在下1.0秒以内で400〜650℃に加熱し、該木材ないしセルロー スをこれらから生成された熱分解生成物と一緒に0.03〜0.60秒間400 〜650℃で保持し、熱分解生成物の温度を0.6秒以内で350℃以下に低下 させて液体抽出物を得、液体抽出物を単離収集し、そして液体抽出物を水で希釈 して部分的相分離を達成し且つ1.0ppb未満好ましくは0.5ppb未満の ベンゾ(ア)ピレン濃度、8.9対工より高い褐色化度対フェノール濃度比及び 5.5対1より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド濃度対アセトール濃度比を有す る水溶液を得ることを含む。A preferred method for producing hydrogen bomb solutions for foodstuffs is to process crushed wood or cellulose with acid. The wood or cellulose is heated to 400 to 650°C within 1.0 seconds in the absence of 400 seconds for 0.03 to 0.60 seconds. Hold at ~650℃ and reduce the temperature of pyrolysis products to below 350℃ within 0.6 seconds to obtain a liquid extract, isolate and collect the liquid extract, and dilute the liquid extract with water. to achieve partial phase separation and less than 1.0 ppb, preferably less than 0.5 ppb. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration, browning degree to phenol concentration ratio higher than 8.9 to Has a hydroxyacetaldehyde concentration to acetol concentration ratio greater than 5.5 to 1 including obtaining an aqueous solution.

本発明の別の具体化は、急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解で生成した水爆溶液を食料 に接触させることにより可食性食料をフレーバーないし着色する方法を提供する 。Another embodiment of the invention is to use a hydrogen bomb solution produced by rapid or flash pyrolysis as a food source. Provides a method for flavoring or coloring edible foods by contacting them with .

本発明の他の具体化は、酸素枯渇雰囲気における、粉砕した木材もしくはセルロ ースの急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解で得られた液体濃縮生成物を水の添加を伴わ ずに収集し、熱分解液体濃縮物1部と水0.25〜25重量部とを一緒にし、次 いで得られた非水相と所望の液温溶液を構成する水相とを分離することを含む方 法を提供する。Other embodiments of the invention include crushed wood or cellulose in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere. The liquid concentrated product obtained by rapid or flash pyrolysis of 1 part of pyrolysis liquid concentrate and 0.25 to 25 parts by weight of water were collected and then A method that involves separating the non-aqueous phase obtained from the aqueous phase constituting the desired liquid temperature solution. provide law.

本発明の更に別の具体化は、褐色化度対フェノール比が8.9対1より高い液温 溶液を生成するのに十分な水を加える方法を提供する。Yet another embodiment of the invention provides that the degree of browning to phenol ratio is higher than 8.9 to 1 at a liquor temperature. Provides a method for adding enough water to form a solution.

常法で生成される液温溶液とは異なり、急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解液体は水を 加えずに生成されるので、それは単−相よりなる。極めて急速な加熱速度及び短 い滞留時間の故に、かかる溶液はベンゾ[alピレン含分が本質的に低い、しか しながら、そのレベルは、従来の液温で生成されるより少なくとも一桁低いが、 それでもなお、多くの国での消費には高すぎる。それ故、ベンゾ[alピレンを O,5ppb未満に低めるには、相分離を惹起する水の添加が必要である。従っ て、本発明は迅速熱分解生成物の可食性水溶性部分を含む。Unlike liquid-temperature solutions produced by conventional methods, rapid or flash pyrolysis liquids require water Since it is produced without addition, it consists of a single phase. Extremely rapid heating rate and short Because of the long residence time, such solutions have essentially low benzo[alpyrene content, but only However, the levels are at least an order of magnitude lower than those produced at conventional liquid temperatures; Still, it is too expensive for consumption in many countries. Therefore, benzo[alpyrene] To lower O, below 5 ppb, it is necessary to add water which causes phase separation. follow Thus, the present invention includes an edible water-soluble portion of the rapid pyrolysis product.

液塩フレーバー付与工業における、この特定液体の使用によって、従来法のい( つかの欠点を排除し同時に高められた収率及びより良質の生成物をもたらすはる かに改良されだ液温がもたらされる。The use of this particular liquid in the liquid salt flavoring industry has improved the conventional method ( It eliminates certain drawbacks and at the same time results in increased yields and better quality products. Improved liquid temperature is provided.

急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解方法を用いるとき、液体生成物の約80重量%まで の収率を実現することができる。作業パラメーターが適切なら、チャー収率は約 6%となり、生成物の残り部分は気体性質である。所望なら、チャー収率を1% 以下に低下させることができる。When using rapid or flash pyrolysis methods, up to about 80% by weight of the liquid product It is possible to achieve a yield of . If the operating parameters are suitable, the char yield is approximately 6% and the remainder of the product is gaseous in nature. If desired, reduce char yield to 1% It can be lowered below.

急速熱分解方法により製造された液温は、高められた全カルボニル、フェノール 及び駿を示し、しかもはるかに高められた褐色化度を有する。The liquid temperature produced by rapid pyrolysis method has increased total carbonyl, phenol and browning, yet with a much higher degree of browning.

商用液燻及び本発明に従った生成物の代表的試料の全水溶性カルボニル、フェノ ール、酸及び褐色化度を下記表1に掲載する。Total water soluble carbonyl, phenol The alcohol, acid and degree of browning are listed in Table 1 below.

表1: 水溶性液体の分析 木材からの収率 褐色化度/ 全カルボニル 全フェノール 多酸 long 無水試料給m (% Ill/ W) (% W/l) (% W/W)木材1、流動床 22.2 1.6 6 .9 2877(500℃、0.5秒) 2、迅速熱処理 20.7−26.01.3−2.06.2−7.32390− 3400(600℃、0.2秒) 3、商用液燻 6.0 0.7 5.3 518%W/W−水溶性部分で測定し たときの乾燥木材供給原料からの生成物収率の重量%。Table 1: Analysis of water-soluble liquids Yield from wood Browning degree/ Total carbonyl, total phenol, polyacid, long anhydrous sample supply m (% Ill/ W) (% W/l) (% W/W) Wood 1, fluidized bed 22.2 1.6 6 .. 9 2877 (500℃, 0.5 seconds) 2. Rapid heat treatment 20.7-26.01.3-2.06.2-7.32390- 3400 (600℃, 0.2 seconds) 3. Commercial liquid smoke 6.0 0.7 5.3 518% W/W - measured in water-soluble part Weight percent product yield from dry wood feedstock.

表1から注目しつる如く、カルボニル収率は、商用液燻を上回る迅速熱分解方法 で製造した液体を用いるとき商用液燻より約3倍高いのに対し、フェノール収率 は酸敗率に倍する以上に改良され、そして褐色化度は約6倍以上高い。As can be noticed from Table 1, the carbonyl yield of the rapid thermal decomposition method exceeds that of commercial liquid smoking. The phenol yield is about 3 times higher than commercial liquid smoke when using liquid manufactured by The rate of rancidity is improved by more than double, and the degree of browning is about 6 times higher.

希釈及び相分離削急速熱分解液体におけるベンゾ[al ピレンのレベルは、既 知の工業的方法で製造した液体より少なくとも一桁低い。ベンゾ[a]ピレンの このより低いレベルはより濃厚な生成物を製造しつる。Dilution and Phase Separation The level of benzo[alpyrene] in the rapid pyrolysis fluid has been At least an order of magnitude lower than liquids produced by known industrial methods. benzo[a]pyrene This lower level produces a more concentrated product.

慣用熱分解からの全濃厚物は約750ppbのベンゾ[al とレンを含有する 。The total concentrate from conventional pyrolysis contains approximately 750 ppb benzo[al] and ren. .

急速熱分解からの全濃厚物中のベンゾ[a]ピレンレベルは5〜50ppbであ る。The benzo[a]pyrene level in the total concentrate from rapid pyrolysis is 5-50 ppb. Ru.

急速熱分解を用いるとき、希釈ないし相分離後、カルボニル対フェノール比はよ り高く、これはフレーバ量に対する高い褐色化ポテンシャルを示す、加えて、気 体及び固体チャーの望ましくない副生物はより少なく、それに呼応して処分コス トも低い。When using rapid pyrolysis, after dilution or phase separation, the carbonyl to phenol ratio is much lower. This indicates a high browning potential relative to the amount of flavor; body and solid char are less desirable by-products, correspondingly reducing disposal costs. It is also low.

未濃縮商用液温は3.0〜13範囲の褐色化度を有する。25までの褐色化度を 達成すべ(液温を濃縮する方法は有効であるが、未濃縮液燻は約13の実用的上 限を有する。なぜなら、ベンゾ[a]ピレンレベルは、もし液温が水収集浴中こ のレベル以上に濃縮し続けることが許容されるなら、過剰になるからである。Unconcentrated commercial liquor temperatures have browning degrees ranging from 3.0 to 13. Browning degree up to 25 (The method of concentrating the liquid temperature is effective, but unconcentrated liquid smoking has about 13 practical problems.) Limited. Because the benzo[a]pyrene level will decrease if the liquid temperature is This is because if it were allowed to continue concentrating above the level of , it would become excessive.

急速熱分解方法を用いることにより、45までの褐色化度が、濃縮工程を何ら用 いずに0.5ppb以下のベンゾ[a]ピレンレベルを以て達成することができ る。By using the rapid pyrolysis method, browning degrees up to 45 can be obtained without any concentration step. benzo[a]pyrene levels of less than 0.5 ppb without Ru.

ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒドの存在は、液体の値を評価する指標として燻し着色 応用に有用である。急速ないしフラッシュ熱分解方法によるこの化合物の収率は 900から500℃への温度低下及び滞留時間の短縮を伴って増大する。8質量 %を越えるヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率は、550もしくは600℃の反応 温度及び100ミリ秒の蒸気滞留時間で得ることができる。The presence of hydroxyacetaldehyde can be used as an indicator to evaluate the value of liquids, giving them a smoky coloration. Useful for applications. The yield of this compound by rapid or flash pyrolysis method is It increases with a decrease in temperature from 900 to 500° C. and a decrease in residence time. 8 mass Hydroxyacetaldehyde yields in excess of 550 or 600°C temperature and a vapor residence time of 100 milliseconds.

ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率は急速熱分解方法によるとき、はるかに高い、 二つの急速熱分解方法と部用液温からのヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率の比較 を表2に掲載する。注目しうる如(、急速熱分解を用いて最高約4倍を上回る収 率が得られる。The hydroxyacetaldehyde yield is much higher when using the rapid pyrolysis method, Comparison of hydroxyacetaldehyde yield from two rapid pyrolysis methods and liquid temperature are listed in Table 2. Remarkable results (up to about 4 times higher yield using rapid pyrolysis) rate is obtained.

ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒドは、木材熱分解液体での一つの主要カルボニルであ り、それ故液体のポテンシャルを評価する指標として液温応用で用いられる。Hydroxyacetaldehyde is one major carbonyl in wood pyrolysis fluids. Therefore, it is used in liquid temperature applications as an index to evaluate the potential of a liquid.

表 2: 熱分解液体の化学分析 (ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率) ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率 試料給源 %W/W 1、流動床 7.5〜8.5 (450〜550℃、0.5秒) 2、迅速熱処理 7,0〜8.0 (550〜700℃、0.2秒) 3、商用液温 2未満 ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド(グリコアルデヒド)及びアセトール(l−ヒドロ キシ−2−プロパノン)は熱分解液体ウニつの主要カルボニルである。ヒドロキ シアセトアルデヒドは褐色化に関しはるかに反応性が高(、その存在は液体の褐 色化能力の優れた指標である。Table 2: Chemical analysis of pyrolysis liquid (Hydroxyacetaldehyde yield) Hydroxyacetaldehyde yield Sample source %W/W 1. Fluidized bed 7.5-8.5 (450-550℃, 0.5 seconds) 2. Rapid heat treatment 7.0-8.0 (550-700℃, 0.2 seconds) 3. Commercial liquid temperature less than 2 Hydroxyacetaldehyde (glycoaldehyde) and acetol (l-hydro xy-2-propanone) is the main carbonyl of pyrolysis liquids. hydroki Cyacetaldehyde is much more reactive with respect to browning (and its presence will increase the browning of the liquid). It is an excellent indicator of coloring ability.

アセトールは劣った褐色化剤である。それ故、ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド対ア セトール比は褐色化能力に関し液体中のカルボニル効力の指標として用いること ができる。Acetol is a poor browning agent. Therefore, hydroxyacetaldehyde vs. Cetol ratio can be used as an indicator of carbonyl potency in liquids with respect to browning ability. Can be done.

分析は、慣用液温中のヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド対アセトール比が代表的には 1.0未満であることを示す。しかしながら、ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド/ア セトールの平均比(4試料)は約6 (5,9)であり、その最大測定比は7. 2である。実際上、急速熱分解時より多くのカルボニルが生成する(すなわち、 収率がより高い)のみならず、生成したカルボニルはより効果的な褐色化剤であ る。The analysis is typically performed using the hydroxyacetaldehyde to acetol ratio at conventional liquid temperatures. Indicates that it is less than 1.0. However, hydroxyacetaldehyde/a The average ratio of setol (4 samples) is approximately 6 (5,9), and the maximum measured ratio is 7. It is 2. In practice, more carbonyls are produced than during rapid pyrolysis (i.e. Not only is the yield higher), but the carbonyl produced is a more effective browning agent. Ru.

演壇としての使用に適する液体生成物を生成する任意の急速熱分解方法において 最適化すべきパラメーターに下記のものが包含される: 1)木材供給原料の早い加熱速度(>1000℃/秒); 2)約0.15秒より長く且つ約1秒(好ましくは約0.6秒)より短い蒸気滞 留時間(すなわち気体/蒸気相が反応器に滞留する平均時間); 3)約400〜800℃範囲の恒温反応器温度;4)高い液体収率保持のために 約0.6秒以内で温度約300℃未満への気体/蒸気生成物の急冷。In any rapid pyrolysis process that produces a liquid product suitable for use as a rostrum. Parameters to be optimized include: 1) Fast heating rate of wood feedstock (>1000°C/sec); 2) a vapor dwell greater than about 0.15 seconds and less than about 1 second (preferably about 0.6 seconds); residence time (i.e. the average time that the gas/vapor phase resides in the reactor); 3) Isothermal reactor temperature in the range of approximately 400-800°C; 4) For high liquid yield retention Rapid cooling of the gas/vapor product to a temperature below about 300° C. within about 0.6 seconds.

減圧熱分解装置を用いるとき、木材ないしセルロースの加熱速度は迅速熱処理装 置もしくは流動床反応器と比較してはるかに緩徐である。しかしながら、二次的 熱分解反応は、−次的熱分解蒸気を速やかに除去し且つ冷却することにより減少 せしめられる。従って、迅速加熱速度は、副反応が限定される限り不可欠でない 。When using a vacuum pyrolysis device, the heating rate of wood or cellulose is lower than that of a rapid heat treatment device. It is much slower than a stationary or fluidized bed reactor. However, secondary Pyrolysis reactions are reduced by rapid removal and cooling of secondary pyrolysis vapors. I am forced to do it. Therefore, rapid heating rates are not essential as long as side reactions are limited. .

急速熱分解プロセスの主要成分は、最低限の時間内で非常に高い温度を達成し且 つ、木材ないしセルロースの熱分解を実施するのに、その時間で比較的短い滞留 時間を有するべ(企図される。高温での短い滞留時間はいくつかの系により達成 されてきた。一つの系は、減圧条件下反応器から一次的生成物を、それが更に反 応して二次的熱分解生成物を生じる機会を有する前に引出しつるという原理に基 づ(減圧熱分解である。この方法は、Fundamentals of The rmo−Chemical Biomass Conversion、 R,P 、0verrend等(編集者)、Elsevier Publishers。The key components of the rapid pyrolysis process are those that achieve very high temperatures within a minimal amount of time and A relatively short residence time is required to perform the pyrolysis of wood or cellulose. Short residence times at high temperatures can be achieved by some systems. It has been. One system removes the primary product from the reactor under reduced pressure, where it is further reacted. Accordingly, it is based on the principle of withdrawal before it has had a chance to generate secondary pyrolysis products. (This is vacuum pyrolysis. This method is described in the Fundamentals of The rmo-Chemical Biomass Conversion, R,P , 0verrend et al. (editors), Elsevier Publishers.

f1985)に (:hristian Roy、 Bruno da Cau mia、 DoIIliniqueBrouillard及びHughes M enardがrPyrolysis underVacuum of Aspe n Poplar4 と題する記事に記載しているので、その内容を援用する。f1985) (: hristian Roy, Bruno da Cau mia, DoIIlinique Brouillard and Hughes M. enard is rPyrolysis under Vacuum of Aspe Since it is described in an article entitled ``n Poplar4 , its contents are cited here.

固体木材供給原料は、完全に反応するまで反応器に残留する。全木材供給原料の 68〜74重量%範囲の総液体収率が450℃の反応温度、10℃/分の固体加 熱速度及び2秒までの滞留時間で報告されている。約2.0秒の蒸気滞留時間で は、チャー収率は木材供給原料の質量の16〜20重量%であった。The solid wood feedstock remains in the reactor until completely reacted. of whole wood feedstock The total liquid yield in the range of 68-74 wt% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 450 °C, solid addition of 10 °C/min Thermal rates and residence times of up to 2 seconds have been reported. With a steam residence time of approximately 2.0 seconds The char yield was 16-20% by weight of the weight of the wood feedstock.

急速熱分解を得るための別の方法は、400〜650℃の温度で作動する流動床 反応器系を用いた「フラッシュ」熱分解である。木材供給原料の60〜70%範 囲の総液体収率は0.5秒の平均蒸気滞留時間で得られている。チャー収率は典 型的には木材質量の10〜20%範囲であった。3.0秒までの滞留時間を達成 することができる。(例えば、D、 S、 5cott及びJ。Another method for obtaining rapid pyrolysis is a fluidized bed operating at temperatures between 400 and 650 °C. It is a "flash" pyrolysis using a reactor system. 60-70% range of wood feedstock A total liquid yield of 0.5 seconds has been obtained with an average vapor residence time of 0.5 seconds. The char yield is In terms of type, it was in the range of 10 to 20% of the wood mass. Achieved residence time of up to 3.0 seconds can do. (For example, D, S, 5cott and J.

Piskorz等、rProduction of Liquids fro+ w Biomassby Continuous Fast Pyrolysi s4. Bioener 84、■01゜3、Biomass Convers ionを参照のこと。)三つ目の方法は、反応器系内のチャー素質供給原料に熱 を迅速移動させるのに熱い粒子状固体及び(または)不活性気体を用いる急速熱 分解(迅速熱処理)である。このプロセスは、反応器条件に依存してバイオマス から非常に高い気体または液体収率をもたらす、チャー収率は、供給原料、反応 器温度及び滞留温度に依存して0〜6%である。最大限の気体収率は900℃で 供給原料質量の90%であり得、最大限の液体収率は600〜650℃で供給原 料質量の約85%である。この装置は、滞留時間を0.030〜3.0秒範囲と して350〜1000℃範囲の温度で作動しつる。迅速熱処理装置は、111i noLs州Rose+wontで1986年5月12日〜15日に開催されたP ower and Bulk 5olids Confer−enCeで、 B erg等により rcharacterization of SolidsM ixing In An Ultra−Rapid Fluidized Re actorJに報告されている。Piskorz et al., rProduction of Liquids fro+ w Biomassby Continuous Fast Pyrolysi s4. Bioener 84, ■01゜3, Biomass Convers See ion. ) The third method is to apply heat to the char feedstock in the reactor system. Rapid heating using hot particulate solids and/or inert gases to rapidly move Decomposition (rapid heat treatment). This process depends on the reactor conditions to The char yield, resulting in very high gas or liquid yields from the feedstock, reaction 0-6% depending on vessel temperature and residence temperature. Maximum gas yield is at 900℃ 90% of the feed mass, with maximum liquid yield at 600-650°C. It is about 85% of the amount of material. This device has a residence time in the range of 0.030 to 3.0 seconds. It operates at temperatures ranging from 350 to 1000°C. Rapid heat treatment equipment is 111i P held from May 12th to 15th, 1986 in Rose+wont, no.Ls. ower and Bulk 5olids Confer-enCe, B Characterization of SolidsM by erg et al. ixing In An Ultra-Rapid Fluidized Re ActorJ.

これらの急速熱分解方法の各々は、適用しつる場合慣用熱分解系よりはるかに改 良された収率及び品質の液体生成物ないし気体生成物をもたらす。Each of these rapid pyrolysis methods, when applied, is far more modified than conventional pyrolysis systems. Provides liquid or gaseous products of improved yield and quality.

の な 本発明の具体化の詳細は添付図への言及により説明される。Of Details of the implementation of the invention are explained with reference to the attached figures.

第1図は、迅速熱処理として知られている一つの急速熱分解流れ系の概略図であ る。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one rapid pyrolysis flow system known as rapid heat treatment. Ru.

第2図は第1図の熱分解装置の反応器の上部平面図である。2 is a top plan view of the reactor of the pyrolysis apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG.

第3図は第2図のラインIII−IIIにおける断面図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III--III in FIG. 2.

第4図は、滞留時間、ミリ秒を関数とした生成物収率、質量%のグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph of product yield, mass %, as a function of residence time, milliseconds.

第5図は、反応器温度を関数としたヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率のグラフで ある。Figure 5 is a graph of hydroxyacetaldehyde yield as a function of reactor temperature. be.

第6図は、異なる温度での滞留時間を関数としたヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収 率のグラフである。Figure 6 shows the hydroxyacetaldehyde yield as a function of residence time at different temperatures. This is a graph of the rate.

い の・ な!日 下記説明において、図面の各数字で示される対応要素に同じ参照番号を付す。Ino-na! Day In the following description, corresponding elements indicated by respective numerals in the drawings are given the same reference numerals.

添付図ないし説明で、迅速熱処理方法に言及するけれども、減圧ないしフラッシ ュ熱分解系並びに、限定滞留時間を以て高温をもたらす他の系を用いても同様の 生成物が達成されつる。Although the accompanying diagrams or explanations refer to rapid heat treatment methods, vacuum or flash Similar results can be obtained using pyrolysis systems as well as other systems that produce high temperatures with limited residence times. The product is achieved.

迅速熱処理の主な要素を第1図に例示する。迅速混合ないし伝熱を二つの容器で 実施する。最初の容器(1)または熱混合器は、熱粒状固体または、気体窒素よ りなりつる不活性気体、懸濁粒状固体或は三者の組合せ物から木材に伝熱せしめ つる。第二の容器(2)、急冷器は、初期熱分解生成物の副反応を低めるべく生 成物の急速な冷却を許容する。The main elements of rapid heat treatment are illustrated in FIG. Rapid mixing or heat transfer in two containers implement. The first vessel (1) or thermal mixer contains hot granular solids or gaseous nitrogen. Transfer heat to wood from a flowing inert gas, suspended particulate solids, or a combination of the three. Vine. The second container (2), the quencher, is used to reduce the side reactions of the initial pyrolysis products. Allows rapid cooling of the product.

第2図ないし3図に示す如く、熱混合器(1)は、固体熱担体用の対向収束入口 (3)を有する。この系は熱担体の半径方向の勢いを効果的に乱して激しい乱流 をもたらす。次いで、粉末木材供給原料は熱混合器(1)の頂部から冷却管(4 )を経て乱流領域へと注入され、そこで混合が30ミリ秒9内で生じる。As shown in Figures 2 to 3, the thermal mixer (1) has opposed converging inlets for the solid heat carrier. (3). This system effectively disturbs the radial momentum of the heat carrier and creates a highly turbulent flow. bring about. The powdered wood feedstock then passes from the top of the thermal mixer (1) to the cooling pipe (4). ) into the turbulent region where mixing occurs within 30 milliseconds9.

加熱及び混合が生じた後、木材ないしセルロース及び主要熱分解蒸気は、初期生 成物に依存して0.03〜2.0秒間反応温度に保持される。木材ないしセルロ ースが熱分解反応の開始に十分なまで加熱されるやいなや主要熱分解蒸気が生成 する。After heating and mixing occurs, the wood or cellulose and the primary pyrolysis vapors are The reaction temperature is maintained for 0.03-2.0 seconds depending on the composition. wood or cellulose The primary pyrolysis vapors are formed as soon as the base is heated enough to initiate the pyrolysis reaction. do.

熱気体生成物は、極低温窒素(5)の単一接線流れの注入により迅速に(すなわ ち30ミリ秒以内で)冷却される。木材を反応器系に供給するのに機械的テーブ ルフィーダーが用いられる。固体は、密封したホッパー(6)(木材ないし粒状 固体の十分な在庫量を有する)から二重1斗系を通り、それによって回転テーブ ル上に計量される0回転テーブルの表面近傍に二つの固定武具が着座し、固体を 鋤いて外周を落とす0次いで、テーブルから、固体を円錐形チャンバー内に落し 入れ、それをピックアップし、窒素担体ガスによって輸送ラインに搬送する。バ イオマス及び粒状固体の総合的供給速度範囲は、より低い濾斗とテーブルとの間 隙を設定することによって制御される。厳正な制御はテーブルの回転速度により 作動される。The hot gaseous product is rapidly (i.e. (within 30 milliseconds). Mechanical table for feeding wood into reactor system A feeder is used. Solids are stored in a sealed hopper (6) (wood or granular). with sufficient stock of solids) through a double 1D system, thereby turning the rotating table Two fixed weapons are seated near the surface of the zero-rotary table that weighs solids. Remove the outer circumference by plowing.Then, drop the solid from the table into the conical chamber. put in, pick it up and convey it to the transport line by nitrogen carrier gas. Ba The overall feed rate range for iomas and particulate solids is between the lower funnel and the table. Controlled by setting the gap. Strict control is achieved by the table rotation speed. activated.

プロセスに熱供給するのに粒状固体が要求されるとき、フィーダー(7)は熱粒 状固体を、反応温度で作動する非機械的高温バルブへと送り込む。次いで、この 熱固体は熱混合器(1)上に送られる。When granular solids are required to supply heat to the process, the feeder (7) solids into a non-mechanical hot valve operating at the reaction temperature. Then this The hot solids are sent onto the thermal mixer (1).

次いで、固体粒状チャー素質供給原料(または噴霧化チャー素質液体)は水ない し空気冷却管(4)を通り軸線方向で反応器(1)内の乱流領域に注入され、そ こで効果的混合及び少なくとも400℃への迅速加熱が0.10秒以内好ましく は0.03秒以内で生じる。The solid particulate char feedstock (or atomized char stock liquid) is then water-free. The air is injected into the turbulent region inside the reactor (1) in the axial direction through the air cooling pipe (4), and its Effective mixing and rapid heating to at least 400°C preferably within 0.10 seconds. occurs within 0.03 seconds.

木材の迅速熱分解は熱混合器(1)内で開始され、輸送反応器(9)内で続行さ れる。輸送反応器は、電気的オーバー(10)内にハウジングされたパイプ長尺 物である。熱気体とバイオマスとの混合物は熱混合器(1)から輸送反応器(9 )を経て急冷器(2)及び固体分離器(23)に通る0反応器容量の調節を以て 、また熱担体/バイオマス流量を調節することにより、滞留時間は0.03〜3 .0秒範囲で変化しつる0反応器温度は400〜1000℃範囲で設定しつる。Rapid pyrolysis of the wood is initiated in the thermal mixer (1) and continues in the transport reactor (9). It will be done. The transport reactor consists of a length of pipe housed in an electrical overlay (10). It is a thing. The mixture of hot gas and biomass is transported from the thermal mixer (1) to the transport reactor (9). ) to the quencher (2) and the solid separator (23) by adjusting the reactor capacity. , and by adjusting the heat carrier/biomass flow rate, the residence time can be adjusted from 0.03 to 3. .. The reactor temperature was set in the range of 400 to 1000°C.

好ましい反応器温度は400〜800℃、より好ましくは500〜600℃範囲 である。この装置で達成しうる加熱速度は10.000℃/秒を越える。The preferred reactor temperature is 400-800°C, more preferably 500-600°C. It is. The heating rates that can be achieved with this device exceed 10,000° C./sec.

回収液体生成物の収率を高めるのに効率的なサイクロン式濃縮器(25)が用い られる。加えて、追加的液体生成物を回収すべ(下流気体ラインに静電式集塵機 (24)を統合させることがでできる。An efficient cyclone concentrator (25) is used to increase the yield of recovered liquid product. It will be done. In addition, additional liquid product should be collected (electrostatic precipitator in the downstream gas line). (24) can be integrated.

例え本明細書で迅速熱処理装置のみを記載しているとしでも、後記請求項で定義 される本発明は、迅速熱分解方法の生成物の、液塩フレーバー付与としてのいか なる用途をも網羅するものとする。Even if only the rapid heat treatment device is described in this specification, it will be defined in the following claims. The present invention is directed to the use of liquid salts to flavor the products of rapid pyrolysis processes. It shall also cover all uses.

木材供給原料は任意の適当な木材製品でありうるが、しかし好ましくはレッドメ ープルである。供給原料は微細な100〜500μ粉末に粉砕し次いで、熱分解 供給原料として使用する前に乾燥すべきである。The wood feedstock can be any suitable wood product, but is preferably a redwood product. It is a pull. The feedstock is ground into a fine 100-500μ powder and then pyrolyzed. It should be dried before use as feedstock.

濃縮物の収集後、水を加えることにより相分離を生じさせてベンゾ[al ピレ ン及びタールを減少させる。After collection of the concentrate, phase separation is caused by adding water to form benzo[al]pyrenate. Reduces carbon and tar.

効果的相分離の達成に必要な置を越える水の添加量は好みの問題である。水の添 加量が多いほど、より高い分子量の成分がより多く沈殿する。所望レベルの褐色 化度を達成すべく水を相分離以上の所望される任意程度に添加することができる 。The amount of water added beyond that necessary to achieve effective phase separation is a matter of preference. with water The higher the loading, the more of the higher molecular weight components will precipitate. desired level of brown Water can be added to any desired degree above phase separation to achieve a degree of separation. .

ウィンナ−への適用で、望ましい燻しフレーバー付与ないし着色製品を製造する 際、褐色化度が最低約3までの溶液が有用である。濃褐色の高度燻し製品が好ま れるいくつかの市場で、褐色化度が少な(とも20の水塩フレーバー付与用溶液 が日常用いられる。Application to Vienna sausages to produce desired smoky flavor or colored products Solutions with a browning degree of at least about 3 are useful. I prefer dark brown highly smoked products. In some markets where there is a low degree of browning (both 20% and is used on a daily basis.

噴霧が好ましい適用方法であるとき、獣肉上に十分な燻し着色を得るのは時折困 難である。かかる状況では、褐色化度が最大限約30の燻しフレーバー付与用溶 液が有益である。獣肉ないし他の食品への応用に適した溶液を生成するのに本発 明の濃縮物に加えられる水の量は、加工業者によってめられる効果を関数とする 。It is sometimes difficult to obtain sufficient smoke coloring on meat when spraying is the preferred application method. It is difficult. In such situations, a smoky flavoring solution with a maximum browning degree of about 30 may be used. liquid is beneficial. This invention can be used to produce solutions suitable for meat or other food applications. The amount of water added to the light concentrate is a function of the effect desired by the processor. .

市販の液温は最低3〜実用的上限約30範囲の褐色化度を有する。この上限は従 来の液燻製造方法の制限の結果である。従来方法は概ね水浴中に水溶性濃縮物を 収集し、ベンゾ[alピレン濃度を低めるべく褐色化度を13以下に保つことが 望まれる。而して、13を上回る褐色化度は濃縮により達成される。その結果、 13を上回る褐色化度を有する液温を生成することは益々難しく且つコスト高と なる。濃縮の問題及び出費によって、実用的上限3oが設定され、それ以上にな ると溶液が有用でな(なる限度とは対照的である。これに反し、褐色化度30な いしそれ以上の溶液が容易に入手されるなら、それは米国特許第4,504,5 01号明細書に記載の如きケーシングへの適用で出発物質として或は噴霧で特に 有用である0本発明の濃縮物に水をほとんどないし全く加えないことにより、非 常に高い褐色化度溶液が後続濃縮を必要とせず或はその出費なしで生成すること ができる。Commercial liquor temperatures have browning degrees ranging from a minimum of 3 to a practical upper limit of about 30. This upper limit This is a result of the limitations of current liquid smoke production methods. Conventional methods generally involve placing water-soluble concentrates in a water bath. The browning degree can be kept below 13 to reduce the benzo[alpyrene concentration. desired. A degree of browning above 13 is thus achieved by concentration. the result, Producing liquid temperatures with browning degrees greater than 13 is becoming increasingly difficult and costly. Become. Enrichment issues and expense have set a practical upper limit of 3o, beyond which In contrast, when the browning degree is 30, the solution is no longer useful. If one or more solutions are readily available, it is Particularly as a starting material or as a spray in application to casings as described in No. 01 By adding little or no water to the concentrates of the present invention, useful Consistently high browning solutions are produced without the need or expense of subsequent concentration. Can be done.

医−−1 急速熱装置を使用し、レッドメイブル供給原料及びヒートキャリヤーとして窒素 を用いた急速熱プロセス装置を650〜800℃で使用して行なった高速熱分解 の結果の全体的概要を表3に示す、これらの結果に関して使用した装置は供給原 料300 g / h rを定格と定めるものである。チャー及び気体に関する 収率は直接測定値を表わし、液体に関する収率は差による。しかし、この液体収 率値は、物質収支によって立証される如(実際の液体収率に極めて近似している 。表3における収率、質量%はすべで、無水供給原料を基準として表わされる。Medicine--1 Using rapid heating equipment, red mabel feedstock and nitrogen as heat carrier Fast pyrolysis using a rapid thermal process device at 650-800℃ A general summary of the results is shown in Table 3; the equipment used for these results was The rating is set at 300g/hr. Regarding char and gas Yields represent direct measurements; yields with respect to liquids are due to differences. However, this liquid collection The rate values are as evidenced by mass balance (very close to the actual liquid yield). . All yields and weight percentages in Table 3 are expressed on anhydrous feedstock.

結果から、チャー及び液体収率は従来の低速熱分解プロセスからの対応収率に比 べ、前者が有意に低く且つ後者が有意に高いことは明らかである。The results show that the char and liquid yields are comparable to the corresponding yields from conventional slow pyrolysis processes. It is clear that the former is significantly lower and the latter is significantly higher.

表3.レッドメイプル熱分解物質収支実験のまとめRA−2165023424 ,18−−−−70,525,97100,67RA−2265021722, 87−−−−67,895,9696,72RA−2465039223,69 22,1842,007,7995,67RA−2565019419,831 9,6945,759,6994,96RA−26650105233,473 1,3427,516,619g、92RA−170011029,1816, 9145,653,5095,24RA−270015231,9517,03 3B、74 3.93 91.65RA−370024135,6415,11 ! 43,01 4.1g 911.01RA−570033840,8712 ,8741,322,6497,71RA−670033943,6018,0 532,22,6296,48RA−770015139,5616,4740 ,292,2998,62RA−87006925,6219,894g、32  4.21 9g、04RA−970022630,9816,1044,39 4,7996,30RA−197006821,79−−−−72,111,4 295,32RA−2770071843,7319,732g、91 3.8 8 96.24RA−1075035153,8813,7615,483,7 58G、88RA−1175015043,2514,2539,383,00 99,88RA−127507439,2917,8536,922,759B 、81RA−137507139,5513,8440,202,1695,7 5RA−1475015343,1415,0733,9g 3.11 95. 17RA−1575034854,0219,019,364,3096,68 RA−1680032958,229,8031,594,03103,6RA −1780016056,06−−−−37,173,7296,95RA−1 88007641,81−−−−52,191,6895,69注二 −コンデ ンサー液を示さない(値を報告していない)場合、残留液は全液体サンプルを表 わす。Table 3. Summary of red maple pyrolysis mass balance experiment RA-2165023424 ,18----70,525,97100,67RA-2265021722, 87----67,895,9696,72RA-2465039223,69 22,1842,007,7995,67RA-2565019419,831 9,6945,759,6994,96RA-26650105233,473 1,3427,516,619g, 92RA-170011029,1816, 9145,653,5095,24RA-270015231,9517,03 3B, 74 3.93 91.65RA-370024135,6415,11 ! 43,01 4.1g 911.01RA-570033840,8712 ,8741,322,6497,71RA-670033943,6018,0 532, 22, 6296, 48RA-770015139, 5616, 4740 ,292,2998,62RA-87006925,6219,894g,32 4.21 9g, 04RA-970022630,9816,1044,39 4,7996,30RA-197006821,79---72,111,4 295,32RA-2770071843,7319,732g, 91 3.8 8 96.24RA-1075035153,8813,7615,483,7 58G, 88RA-1175015043,2514,2539,383,00 99,88RA-127507439,2917,8536,922,759B , 81RA-137507139, 5513, 8440, 202, 1695, 7 5RA-1475015343,1415,0733,9g 3.11 95. 17RA-1575034854,0219,019,364,3096,68 RA-1680032958,229,8031,594,03103,6RA -1780016056,06---37,173,7296,95RA-1 88007641, 81---52, 191, 6895, 69 Note 2 - Conde If no sample liquid is indicated (no value reported), residual liquid represents the total liquid sample. Was.

−これらの結果は「供給されたまま」を基準にする。-These results are on an “as supplied” basis.

医−一旦 急 軌プロセス び [之j二lニ ー 約300μに粉砕したポプラの木を用いて実験を行った。Medicine - once rapid process and [No. - An experiment was conducted using poplar wood crushed to about 300μ.

−木材水分は約1%(湿量基準)であった。- Wood moisture was approximately 1% (wet basis).

−木材を速度3〜5kg/hrの範囲で供給した。- Wood was fed at a rate ranging from 3 to 5 kg/hr.

−反応温度は400〜650’Cの範囲であった。- The reaction temperature ranged from 400 to 650'C.

−蒸気滞留時間は600〜1200ミリ秒(ms)の範囲が代表的であった ー ヒートキャリヤーは平均粒径約150μを有するシリカ砂から成り、不活性 窒素ガスで輸送した。-Vapor residence times were typically in the range of 600-1200 milliseconds (ms) - The heat carrier consists of silica sand with an average particle size of about 150μ and is inert. Transported with nitrogen gas.

雪 び : 高温粒状砂を熱源として用いた図1.2及び3に示すタイプの急速熱加工装置を 採用して液薫を生成した。Snow: A rapid thermal processing device of the type shown in Figures 1.2 and 3 using high-temperature granular sand as a heat source was used. It was adopted to produce liquid smoke.

装置は供給原料5kg/hrで公称定格されている。3つのヒートキャリヤーフ ィーダーを用いて砂ヒートキャリヤーの温度を高くし、それを輸送管路に送出す る。各々のフィーダーは長さ約1.2m、外直径150mmであり、シリカ砂3 0kgを保育することができる。最大供給速度は約60kg/hr(各々のフィ ーダーについて)であり、ヒートキャリヤーの最高温度は1100℃である。フ ィーダー調節はスパージャ−チューブ及び非機械的高温rJJバルブによって行 う。The equipment is nominally rated at 5 kg/hr of feedstock. 3 heat carriers A feeder is used to raise the temperature of the sand heat carrier and send it to the transport pipe. Ru. Each feeder is approximately 1.2 m long, has an outer diameter of 150 mm, and is made of 3 silica sand. Can take care of 0kg. The maximum feeding rate is approximately 60 kg/hr (each feed rate ), and the maximum temperature of the heat carrier is 1100°C. centre Feeder adjustment is performed by a sparger tube and non-mechanical high temperature rJJ valve. cormorant.

ポプラの木を風乾し、微粉砕し、分級して平均粒径約300μにし、次いでオー ブン乾燥した後にバイオマスフィーダーに充填する。バイオマスフィーダーは約 4kgのインベントリ−を有する。供給速度は0〜10k g / h rで変 えることができ、輸送ガス流量及び固体キャリヤー流量に関係しない。Poplar wood is air-dried, pulverized, classified to an average particle size of approximately 300 microns, and then After drying, fill it into a biomass feeder. The biomass feeder is approx. It has an inventory of 4 kg. Supply speed varies from 0 to 10kg/hr independent of transport gas flow rate and solid carrier flow rate.

木材供給材料は「バイオマスフィーダー」から反応装置の頂部に吐出され、そこ で乱流高温固形分の埋置の中に注入される。供給原料と高温砂粒子とが急速且つ 十分に混合されるにつれて、供給材料の極めて速い加熱が達成される。速(、緊 密な混合が完了した後に、供給原料及び固体ヒートキャリヤーは、長さが加工滞 留時間を調節するために調整されるチューブラ−輸送反応装置を通る0反応装置 系は急速熱混合機及び2本の輸送反応装置から成る。これらの構成成分の各々は 、独立温度調節を有するそれ自体のオーブン中に収容される。供給原料と急速熱 混合機に入れた固体ヒートキャリヤー(すなわち砂)との急速な混合を行ない、 次いで輸送反応装置セクションにおいて化学反応を進行させる。第1反応装置は 長さ1.2mであり、第2反応装置は長さ0.6mである1反応装置系構成成分 はSch 40 Inconel 601 (内直径40mm/公称1.5in )で造られれる。The wood feed material is discharged from the “biomass feeder” to the top of the reactor where it is The turbulent high temperature solids are injected into the burial chamber. The feedstock and hot sand particles are rapidly and Very rapid heating of the feedstock is achieved as it is thoroughly mixed. fast (, urgent) After the intimate mixing is complete, the feedstock and solid heat carrier are 0 reactor through tubular transport reactor adjusted to adjust residence time The system consists of a rapid thermal mixer and two transport reactors. Each of these components is , housed in its own oven with independent temperature control. Feedstock and rapid heat rapid mixing with a solid heat carrier (i.e. sand) in a mixer; The chemical reaction is then allowed to proceed in the transport reactor section. The first reactor is One reactor system component having a length of 1.2 m and a second reactor having a length of 0.6 m. is Sch 40 Inconel 601 (inner diameter 40mm/nominal 1.5in ).

生成物は、高温固形分(チャー/砂)が固形分「キャッチポット」或はドロップ アウト容器において除かれた後に、トランスファー管路において急速に冷却され る。更に冷却が第一(水冷却)及び第二(ドライアイス/アセトン冷却)コンデ ンサーにおいて行なわれ、コンデンサーでは、蒸気の凝縮及び液体の回収も行な われる。固形分キャッチポットはステンレススチールで造られた内部分離装置で あり、高温固形公約100kgを保有することができる。ガスと固形分との分離 は、気体/蒸気生成物の運動量が(高温砂に比べて)小さいことに基づき、かか る生成物は固形分に比べて方向を一層容易に変え、トランスファー管路に逃散し て窒素ガスにより直接急冷されることができる。The product is a solids "catch pot" or drop where the hot solids (char/sand) After being removed in the out container, it is rapidly cooled in the transfer line. Ru. Furthermore, cooling is performed by the first (water cooling) and second (dry ice/acetone cooling) condensers. The condenser also condenses the vapor and recovers the liquid. be exposed. The solids catchpot is an internal separator made of stainless steel. It can hold about 100kg of high temperature solids. Separation of gas and solids is based on the small momentum of the gas/steam products (compared to hot sand). Products that change direction more easily than solids and escape into the transfer line. It can be directly quenched with nitrogen gas.

第一コンデンサーは耐化学薬品性ペイントのライニングを施した水ジャケット付 きカーボンスチールバイブ(内部及び外部の両方の水ジャケットを有する)であ る、冷却水は約19℃で入って生成物を冷却して約35℃にする。The first condenser has a water jacket lined with chemical resistant paint. carbon steel vibrator (with both internal and external water jacket) The cooling water enters at about 19°C to cool the product to about 35°C.

第二コンデンサーもまたライニングを施したカーボンスチールバイブであり、こ れをジャケットを付けず。The second condenser is also a lined carbon steel vibe; This is without a jacket.

直接断熱したアセトン/ドライアイス浴に入れる。第二コンデンサーは接線方向 のガス/蒸気入口を有して生成物をコンデンサー壁に押し進め、そこで効率的な 熱伝達が行なわれる。第二ユニットはガス出口温度約−5℃を生ずる。Place directly in an insulated acetone/dry ice bath. The second capacitor is tangential gas/steam inlets to force the product to the condenser wall where it is efficiently Heat transfer takes place. The second unit produces a gas outlet temperature of about -5°C.

平行フィルターを使用して存続するエーロゾルを収集し、清浄な気体を次いでオ リフィスメーターに方向づけ、物質収支クロージヤーに関する流量をはかる。生 成物気体の僅量を主流から試料バッグへと連続流出させ、次いで分析する。3つ の平行フィルターはステンレス鋼で造られ、細孔寸法0.5μを有し、単一フィ ルター容器に収容される。これらのユニットの各々は直径(外側)約50mm且 つ長さ約0.5mである。A parallel filter is used to collect the surviving aerosol and the clean gas is then Orient to the refice meter and measure the flow rate with respect to the mass balance closure. Living A small amount of product gas is allowed to flow continuously from the main stream into the sample bag and then analyzed. three The parallel filter is made of stainless steel, has a pore size of 0.5μ, and has a single filtration It is housed in a Luther container. Each of these units has a diameter (outside) of approximately 50 mm and The length is approximately 0.5m.

ランした後、コンデンサー、フィルター及び輸送管路をアセトンで洗浄し、溶液 をろ過し、アセトンを減圧下で蒸発させて液体生成物を生ずる。固形分分離装置 から回収したチャー/砂混合物のいくつかの代表的試料を灰化してチャーをめる 。ガスは標準ガスクロマトグラフィー技法により分析する。いくつかの代表的ラ ンの結果を表4に例示する。After the run, clean the condenser, filter and transport lines with acetone and is filtered and the acetone is evaporated under reduced pressure to yield a liquid product. Solid content separator Ash and char some representative samples of char/sand mixtures recovered from . Gases are analyzed by standard gas chromatography techniques. some representative la The results are shown in Table 4.

表4.ポプラの水熱分解物質収支実験の概要9 660 800 32.9 6 0.3 6.810 525 1135 14.9 78.0 7.011 4 65 1215 7.0 86.0 7.012 590 960 20.5  71.8 7.7び 流動床運転: 1に二差二lニ ー 約595μ(30メツシユ)に粉砕したポプラの木を用いて実験を行った。Table 4. Summary of poplar hydrothermal decomposition mass balance experiment 9 660 800 32.9 6 0.3 6.810 525 1135 14.9 78.0 7.011 4 65 1215 7.0 86.0 7.012 590 960 20.5 71.8 7.7bi Fluidized bed operation: 1 and 2 difference 2 l ni - Experiments were conducted using poplar wood crushed to about 595μ (30 mesh).

−木材水分は約6%(製雪基準)であった。- Wood moisture was approximately 6% (snowmaking standards).

−木材を速度1〜2.5kg/時間で供給した。- Wood was fed at a rate of 1-2.5 kg/hour.

−反応温度(床内)は400〜650℃の範囲であった。- The reaction temperature (in the bed) was in the range 400-650°C.

−蒸気滞留時間は500〜700ミリ秒(ms)の範囲が代表的であった。- Steam residence times were typically in the range of 500-700 milliseconds (ms).

−流動床は平均粒径約720μを有するシリカ砂から成るものであった。- The fluidized bed consisted of silica sand with an average particle size of about 720μ.

−循環生成物ガス(主にC01cot 、CH,)を用いて砂を流動化させ且つ 木材供給原料を反応装置に輸送ポプラの木(他の木材種、麦わら或は泥炭)を風 乾し、微粉砕し、篩分けして粒径的595μにする。- fluidize the sand using circulating product gases (mainly C01cot, CH,) and Transport the wood feedstock to the reactor. Poplar wood (other wood species, wheat straw or peat) Dry, mill and sieve to a particle size of 595μ.

調製した木材はホッパーから変速二軸フィーダーに運ばれ、循環生成物ガスの流 れの中に吐出される。木材は次いで流動床反応装置の流動床領域に直接運ばれる 。The prepared wood is conveyed from the hopper to a variable speed twin-shaft feeder where a stream of circulating product gas It is discharged into the water. The wood is then conveyed directly to the fluidized bed area of the fluidized bed reactor .

反応装置床は平均粒径約720μmを有する球形度の高いオタワシリ力から成る 。The reactor bed consists of highly spherical Ottawa-Silicon particles with an average particle size of approximately 720 μm. .

流動用ガス(主にCo、Cot 、CH4)は流入管路において電気加熱器で予 備加熱され、最小流動化速度の1.2〜2倍に等しい速度でステンレススチール 多孔板を通って床に入る。Fluidizing gas (mainly Co, Cot, CH4) is preheated with an electric heater in the inflow pipe. Preheated stainless steel at a rate equal to 1.2 to 2 times the minimum fluidization rate. Enter the floor through the perforated plate.

反応装置を補充加熱すべく加熱コイルで巻(。The reactor is wound with a heating coil for supplementary heating.

熱分解生成物及び循環ガスは反応装置の頂部からサイクロンに運び去られ、そこ で乾燥チャーが気体/蒸気相から取り除かれる。気体及び蒸気を次いで2つのコ ンデンサーに通し、最終的に一連のフィルターに通す。Pyrolysis products and cycle gas are carried away from the top of the reactor into a cyclone where they are The dry char is removed from the gas/vapor phase. The gas and steam are then transferred to two into a capacitor and finally through a series of filters.

第1コンデンサーは通常20”Cで作動させ、第2コンデンサーは約O℃に保つ 。The first condenser is normally operated at 20”C and the second condenser is kept at approximately 0°C. .

フィルタートレインはインライン5μメツシユスクリーンの後グラスウール充填 フィルター容器が続く。Filter train is filled with glass wool after in-line 5μ mesh screen Next comes the filter container.

ランした後、コンデンサーをアセトンで洗浄し、溶液をろ過し、アセトンを減圧 下で蒸発させて液体生成物を生ずる。フィルターを実験の前後に秤量し、量が有 意であれば内容物を回収する。チャーをチャーボット(サイクロン出口にある) で収集し、これを秤量する。気体は標準気体クロマトグラフィー技法により分析 する。温度範囲425〜625℃にわたるいくつかのランの結果を表5に例示す る。After the run, clean the condenser with acetone, filter the solution, and remove the acetone under vacuum. Evaporate under water to yield a liquid product. Weigh the filter before and after the experiment and check the volume. Collect the contents if you wish. Charbot (at the cyclone exit) Collect it and weigh it. Gases are analyzed using standard gas chromatography techniques do. The results of several runs spanning the temperature range 425-625°C are illustrated in Table 5. Ru.

表5.流動床結果:ボブラの木の急速熱分解425 616 6.0 59.6 (55,9) 30.5 96450 6g9 8.6 61.1+55.8)  25.5 95465 584 8.6 72.7(67,211g、9 1 00500 550 12.5 75.1(65,8112,210O5on  550 12.1 77.8(71,2) 11.2’ 101500 600  11.9 70.1(65,8) 13.2 95541 539 21.2  71.1(63,7+ 9.O1ot541 539 19.1 69.8( 62,119,7995505551g、6 67.3(62,0) 10.6  96625 520 36.7 44.4(40,317,899括弧内の値 は全有機液(すなわち、水分の存在しない)。差は液体試料中の水分(水)であ る。Table 5. Fluidized bed results: Rapid pyrolysis of Bobula wood 425 616 6.0 59.6 (55,9) 30.5 96450 6g9 8.6 61.1+55.8) 25.5 95465 584 8.6 72.7 (67,211g, 9 1 00500 550 12.5 75.1 (65,8112,210O5on 550 12.1 77.8 (71,2) 11.2' 101500 600 11.9 70.1 (65,8) 13.2 95541 539 21.2 71.1 (63,7 + 9.O1ot541 539 19.1 69.8 ( 62,119,7995505551g, 6 67.3 (62,0) 10.6 96625 520 36.7 44.4 (40,317,899 value in parentheses is total organic liquid (i.e., no water present). The difference is the moisture (water) in the liquid sample. Ru.

同様の実験をメイブル及びスプルースに関して行い、チャー、気体及び液の同様 の総括収率な有していた。Similar experiments were carried out on mabel and spruce, and similar experiments were carried out on char, gas and liquid. It had an overall yield of .

表3.4及び5のデータから明らかな如く、好ましい作業温度は低い方の範囲で あり、滞留時間は300〜600ミリ秒と比較的短(する。しかし、良好な収率 は急速熱加工設備の作業範囲全体にわたり且つ種々の滞留時間にわたって達成さ れる0図4に示される如く、達成することのできる滞留時間が短い程、好ましい 液体生成物の収率は高くなる。As is clear from the data in Tables 3.4 and 5, the preferred working temperature is in the lower range. Yes, the residence time is relatively short (300-600 ms), but good yields is achieved over the entire working range of rapid thermal processing equipment and for various residence times. As shown in Figure 4, the shorter the residence time that can be achieved, the better. The yield of liquid product is higher.

上述の如(、ヒドロキシアセトアルデヒドの収率は液態の褐色化能力の良好な指 橿になる。この化合物の収率対反応装置温度及び滞留時間を図5及び6に示す。As mentioned above, the yield of hydroxyacetaldehyde is a good indicator of the browning ability of the liquid. Become a sword. The yield of this compound versus reactor temperature and residence time is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

図5は木材の高速熱分解のヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド収率の温度に対するグラ フである。Figure 5 shows the graph of hydroxyacetaldehyde yield versus temperature in fast pyrolysis of wood. It is f.

図5は、最適反応温度が500〜600℃であることを確認する。図6もまた最 適条件が500〜600℃で、短い滞留時間であることを確認する。Figure 5 confirms that the optimal reaction temperature is 500-600°C. Figure 6 is also the most Confirm that the suitable conditions are 500-600°C and short residence time.

乳−A 例3で言及した流動床反応装置液体熱分解生成物の試料を下記割合に従って水で 希釈した。水溶性部分を分離し、これを分析した。Milk-A A sample of the fluidized bed reactor liquid pyrolysis product mentioned in Example 3 was added with water according to the proportions below. Diluted. The water-soluble portion was separated and analyzed.

表6.高速熱分解液の希釈 85 9.1 3.75 29.2 46、I! 1.201 14.080  8.7 3.31 26.6 45.6 1.182 3.670 7.9 2 .42 21.4 35.8 1.148 0.565 7.5 2.1,0  20.2 33.8 1.120 <0.560 6.5 1.65 1?、5  31.5 1.112 <0.540 4.1 0.820 10.3 1g 、2 1.065 <0.520 2.8 0.430 5.4 12.2 1 .028 0.510 1.3 0.230 4.9 5.6 1.011 0 .5これらの結果は、十分な水を加え十分な相分離を引起こしてベンゾピレン含 量を減少させ0.5ppbより少なくすることの利点を示す。下記表7及び8か ら理解しつる如く、得られた溶液は、低速熱分解により製造された市販溶液に比 べ、実質上高いカルボニル濃度対フェノール濃度比及び褐色化度対フェノール濃 度比を存する。Table 6. Dilution of fast pyrolysis liquid 85 9.1 3.75 29.2 46, I! 1.201 14.080 8.7 3.31 26.6 45.6 1.182 3.670 7.9 2 .. 42 21.4 35.8 1.148 0.565 7.5 2.1,0 20.2 33.8 1.120 <0.560 6.5 1.65 1? , 5 31.5 1.112 <0.540 4.1 0.820 10.3 1g , 2 1.065 < 0.520 2.8 0.430 5.4 12.2 1 .. 028 0.510 1.3 0.230 4.9 5.6 1.011 0 .. 5 These results indicate that the benzopyrene-containing Demonstrates the benefits of reducing the amount to less than 0.5 ppb. Tables 7 and 8 below As can be seen, the resulting solution is comparable to commercially available solutions produced by slow pyrolysis. substantially higher carbonyl concentration to phenol concentration ratio and degree of browning to phenol concentration. There is a degree ratio.

表7.フェノールに対するカルボニル及び褐色化度の比 100 49.0 5.90 8.9185 46.8 7.79 12.5 80 45.6 8.04 13. +170 35.8 g、84 14.8 65 33.8 9.62 16.1 60 31.5 10.6 19゜1 40 18、2 12.6 22.2 表8.低速熱分解薫液溶液からの代表的な10個の比の平均 1.1.S 9.8 6.47 5.766.2 5.3 7.78 6.17 表7及び8の両方に見られる如(、比は、希薄な溶液程大きくなる。これは、カ ルボニルの溶解度が濃度にかかわらず同じであるのに対し、フェノールは希薄な 溶液程溶解度が小さくなるからである。これより、高速熱分解に水を添加するこ との利点は、濃褐色化能力を維持しながらフェノールを減少させ、それでフレー バーを減少させ、且つベンゾ[al ピレン溶解度を減少させて0、 5 pp bより少なくするのに役立つ。Table 7. Ratio of carbonyl and browning degree to phenol 100 49.0 5.90 8.9185 46.8 7.79 12.5 80 45.6 8.04 13. +170 35.8 g, 84 14.8 65 33.8 9.62 16.1 60 31.5 10.6 19゜1 40 18, 2 12.6 22.2 Table 8. Average of 10 representative ratios from slow pyrolysis smoke solution 1.1. S 9.8 6.47 5.766.2 5.3 7.78 6.17 As can be seen in both Tables 7 and 8, the ratio is larger for dilute solutions. Whereas the solubility of rubonyl is the same regardless of concentration, phenol has a dilute This is because the solubility decreases as the solution increases. From this, it is possible to add water to fast pyrolysis. The advantage of this is that it reduces phenol while maintaining deep browning ability, thus reducing flavor. 0, 5 pp by decreasing bar and decreasing benzo[al pyrene solubility] It helps to make it less than b.

表7及び8のデータを比較して分かる通り、同等の褐色化度において、カルボニ ル対フェノール及び褐色化度対フェノールの比は、従来の液態に比べ高速熱分解 を用いるとき有意に高い。高速熱分解に関し、所定フレーバーレベルで、比が大 きい程、生成物は色が濃くなる。As can be seen by comparing the data in Tables 7 and 8, at the same degree of browning, carbon The ratio of phenol to phenol and the degree of browning to phenol is faster thermal decomposition compared to conventional liquid form. significantly higher when using Regarding fast pyrolysis, at a given flavor level, the ratio is large. The higher the temperature, the darker the product.

これは薫製風フレーバーを少なくして食品の着色を可能にし或は別法として匹敵 し得るフレーバー強度において一層色の濃い生成物を達成することを可能にする 。This allows for food coloring with less smokey flavor or alternatively comparable making it possible to achieve a more intensely colored product at the highest possible flavor intensity. .

肉を燻製するのに用いられる最低褐色化度は約3.0である。この褐色化度は食 品に直接適用するのに用いられる。上記の結果に基づけば、高速熱分解生成物は 約(3,1w/w%に希釈して依然3.0を越える褐色化度を有することができ る。The minimum degree of browning used to smoke meat is about 3.0. This degree of browning is used for direct application to products. Based on the above results, the fast pyrolysis products are Can be diluted to about (3.1 w/w% and still have a degree of browning greater than 3.0) Ru.

九−1 効 ゛をウィンナ−へ た 1、 ; パネル Cher−Make Sausage Co、(ライスコンシン、マニトバク) から入手したスキンレスウィンナ−のストランド約2.51b(1,1kg)を 下記に60秒間浸漬した:A、水(対照) B、高速熱分解液(流動床)の10%(w/w)溶液ウィンナ−を下記のスケジ ュールに従い煮沸して内部温度70℃にしたニ ー43.3℃で10分間 −60,0℃で45分間 −71,1℃で25分間 −82,2℃で内部温度が70℃になるまで。9-1 Changed the effect to wiener 1. Panel Cher-Make Sausage Co, (Rice Consin, Manitoba) Approximately 2.51b (1.1kg) of skinless wiener strands obtained from Soaked for 60 seconds in: A, water (control) B. 10% (w/w) solution wieners of fast pyrolysis liquid (fluidized bed) according to the following schedule. Nii boiled to an internal temperature of 70℃ according to the -43.3℃ for 10 minutes -60,0℃ for 45 minutes -71,1℃ for 25 minutes -82.2℃ until the internal temperature reaches 70℃.

煮沸後、ウィンナ−を4.4℃のクーラーに一晩入れ、次いで評価及び試験した 。After boiling, the sausages were placed in a cooler at 4.4°C overnight and then evaluated and tested. .

翌日、ウィンナ−を剥離し、9人の観測者のパネルにどの組が最も感じの良いな 褐色を有するかを示すように頼んだ。9人はすべて、試料Bが水に浸漬した対照 に比べて著しく褐色である(従って感じの良い)ことを示した。The next day, the wiener was peeled off and a panel of nine observers asked which pair felt the best. I asked them to indicate if they have brown color. All 9 people were the controls where sample B was immersed in water. It was shown to be noticeably browner (and therefore more pleasant) than .

結果は、高速熱分解液の水溶液が肉表面と反応して所望の燻製外観をもたらすこ とができることを示す。The result is that an aqueous solution of fast pyrolysis fluid reacts with the meat surface to produce the desired smoked appearance. Show that you can.

2、 − パネル Cher−Make Sausage Co、(ライスコンシン、マニトバク) から入手したスキンレスウィンナ−のストランド約2 、5 lb (1、1k g)を下記に60秒間浸漬した:A、高速熱分解液(流動床)の10%(w/w )溶液B、米国特許3,106,473号に従って作成した低速熱分解液態の溶 液、該溶液の褐色化度は3.9であった。2, − Panel Cher-Make Sausage Co, (Rice Consin, Manitoba) Approximately 2.5 lb (1.1 k) strands of skinless wiener obtained from g) was immersed for 60 seconds in: A, 10% (w/w) of fast pyrolysis liquid (fluidized bed); ) Solution B, a slow pyrolysis liquid solution prepared according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,106,473. The degree of browning of the solution was 3.9.

ウィンナ−を下記スケジュールに従い煮沸して内部温度70℃にした; −43,3℃で10分間 −60,0℃で45分間 −71,1℃で25分間 −82,2℃で内部温度が70℃になるまで。Boil the wiener according to the schedule below to reach an internal temperature of 70°C; -43.3℃ for 10 minutes -60,0℃ for 45 minutes -71,1℃ for 25 minutes -82.2℃ until the internal temperature reaches 70℃.

翌日、9人のパネルに、剥離し且つ49℃に暖めたウィンナ−の味をみるように 頼んだ、三角法(すなわち、同じ処理をした2つと他の処理をした1つとの3つ の試料を用いる)を用いてパネリストが2つの処理を区別し得るかどうかをめた 。The next day, a panel of nine people was asked to taste the wiener that had been peeled and heated to 49℃. I asked for trigonometry (i.e., two with the same process and one with a different process) sample) to determine whether panelists could distinguish between the two treatments. .

結果は、9人のパネルメンバーの内の1人だけが高速熱分解液の水溶液と従来の 燻しフレーバーを、ウィンナ−に適用した場合に、それらの間の差異を決めるこ とができたことを示した。これは満足すべき程に有意でなく、肉を燻製する前者 の有用性が示される。The results showed that only one of the nine panel members compared the fast pyrolysis liquid aqueous solution with the conventional one. Determining the difference between smoked flavors when applied to Wieners It was shown that this was possible. This is not satisfactorily significant, and the former smoked meat The usefulness of is shown.

FIG、 1 FIG、 2 FIG、 3 滞留時間 1rnsl FIG、4 急速熱分解 (6父°C):生成物収率対滞留時間反応装厘 温度  (@C) 滞留時間 (ffi$) 国際調査報告FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG.3 Residence time 1rnsl FIG. 4 Rapid pyrolysis (6 °C): Product yield vs. residence time Reactor temperature (@C) Residence time (ffi$) international search report

Claims (10)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1.1)粉砕した木材ないしセルロースを1.0秒以内で400〜650℃に加 熱し、 2)該木材ないしセルロースをこれらから生成された熱分解生成物と一緒に40 0〜650℃で0.03〜2.0秒間保持し、 3)熱分解生成物の温度を0.6秒以内で350℃以下に低下させて液体抽出物 を得、そして4)液体抽出物を単離すること を含む、食料品用水燻溶液の製造方法。1.1) Heat crushed wood or cellulose to 400-650℃ within 1.0 seconds. heat it up, 2) 40% of the wood or cellulose together with the pyrolysis products produced therefrom. Hold at 0 to 650°C for 0.03 to 2.0 seconds, 3) Reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis product to 350°C or less within 0.6 seconds to obtain a liquid extract. and 4) isolating the liquid extract. A method for producing a water smoke solution for foodstuffs, comprising: 2.木材ないしセルロース並びにこれらの熱分解生成物が400〜650℃で0 .03〜0.06秒間保持される、請求項1の方法。2. Wood or cellulose and their thermal decomposition products are .. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hold is between 0.03 and 0.06 seconds. 3.液体抽出物が5.5対1より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド濃度対アセト ール濃度比を有する、請求項1の方法。3. The liquid extract has a hydroxyacetaldehyde concentration higher than 5.5 to 1 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: 4.液体抽出物が8.9対1より高い褐色化度対フェノール濃度比及び1.0対 1より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド濃度対アセトール濃度比を有する、請求 項1の方法。4. The liquid extract has a browning degree to phenol concentration ratio higher than 8.9 to 1 and 1.0 to 1. Claims having a hydroxyacetaldehyde concentration to acetol concentration ratio greater than 1 Method of item 1. 5.1)粉砕した木材ないしセルロースを1.0秒以内で少なくとも400℃に 加熱し、 2)該木材ないしセルロースと、これらから生成された熱分解生成物とを少なく とも400℃の温度で0.03〜2.0秒間保持し、 3)熱分解生成物の温度を0.6秒以内で少なくとも300℃に低下させて液体 抽出物を得、4)液体抽出物を単離し、そして 5)食料に該液体抽出物を接触させることを含む、可食性食料品のフレーバー付 与ないし着色方法。5.1) Heat the crushed wood or cellulose to at least 400°C within 1.0 seconds. Heat, 2) Reduce the amount of the wood or cellulose and the pyrolysis products generated from them. Both were held at a temperature of 400°C for 0.03 to 2.0 seconds, 3) Reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis product to at least 300°C within 0.6 seconds to turn it into a liquid obtaining an extract; 4) isolating a liquid extract; and 5) Flavoring an edible food product, comprising contacting the food product with the liquid extract. Coloring method. 6.液体抽出物が0.5ppb未満のベンゾ(a)ピレン濃度を有する、請求項 5の方法。6. Claim wherein the liquid extract has a benzo(a)pyrene concentration of less than 0.5 ppb. Method 5. 7.請求項1の方法による作られる液体抽出物でフレーバー付与された、蛋白質 食料基質よりなる可食性食料品。7. Protein flavored with a liquid extract made by the method of claim 1. An edible food product consisting of a food matrix. 8.食料基質が獣肉、家禽肉及び魚肉よりなる群から選ばれる、請求項7の可食 性食料品。8. The edible food of claim 7, wherein the food substrate is selected from the group consisting of animal meat, poultry meat and fish meat. sexual food products. 9.1)木材ないしセルロースを酸素の不存在において1.0秒以内で400〜 650℃に加熱し、2)該木材ないしセルロースを熱分解生成物と一緒に400 〜650℃で0.03〜0.60秒間保持し、 3)熱分解生成物の温度を0.6秒以内で350℃以下に低下させて液体抽出物 を得、 4)液体抽出物を単離収集し、そして 5)液体抽出物を水で希釈して部分的相分離を達成し且つ1.0ppb未満のベ ンゾ(a)ピレン濃度、8.9対1より高い褐色化度対フェノール濃度比及び5 .5対1より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド濃度対アセトール濃度比を有する 水溶液を得ることを含む、可食性食料品のフレーバー付与ないし着色方法。9.1) wood or cellulose in the absence of oxygen from 400 to 400 in less than 1.0 seconds 2) heat the wood or cellulose together with the pyrolysis products to 400°C; Hold at ~650°C for 0.03-0.60 seconds, 3) Reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis product to 350°C or less within 0.6 seconds to obtain a liquid extract. obtained, 4) Isolate and collect the liquid extract, and 5) Dilute the liquid extract with water to achieve partial phase separation and less than 1.0 ppb (a) pyrene concentration, browning degree to phenol concentration ratio higher than 8.9 to 1 and 5 .. Has a hydroxyacetaldehyde concentration to acetol concentration ratio greater than 5 to 1 A method for flavoring or coloring an edible food product comprising obtaining an aqueous solution. 10.0.5ppb未満のベンゾ(a)ピレン濃度、8.9対1より高い褐色化 度対フェノール濃度比及び5.5対1より高いヒドロキシアセトアルデヒド濃度 対アセトール濃度比を有する水溶液を含む急速熱分解液燻溶液。10. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration less than 0.5 ppb, browning greater than 8.9 to 1 degree to phenol concentration ratio and hydroxyacetaldehyde concentration higher than 5.5 to 1. A rapid pyrolysis liquid smoke solution containing an aqueous solution having a concentration ratio of acetol to acetol.
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