JPH05253426A - Dust collector for high temperature pressurized gas - Google Patents
Dust collector for high temperature pressurized gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05253426A JPH05253426A JP4086206A JP8620692A JPH05253426A JP H05253426 A JPH05253426 A JP H05253426A JP 4086206 A JP4086206 A JP 4086206A JP 8620692 A JP8620692 A JP 8620692A JP H05253426 A JPH05253426 A JP H05253426A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dust
- gas
- containing gas
- filter tube
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 220
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002925 low-level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はムライト質、コージライ
ト質、炭化珪素質などのセラミックスあるいは２０Ｃｒ
５Ａｌステンレス鋼などの耐熱合金の多孔質材からなる
有底のフィルタ管が組み込まれた、逆洗によってフィル
タ機能の再生が行われる除塵装置であって、加圧流動床
ボイラ、石炭直接燃焼装置（Ｃｏａｌ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔ
Ｆｉｒｉｎｇ）、石炭ガス化プラントなどにおいて排出
される高温加圧ガスの除塵に好適なキャンドル型の除塵
装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to ceramics such as mullite, cordierite and silicon carbide, or 20Cr.
A dust remover in which a bottomed filter tube made of a porous material of a heat-resistant alloy such as 5Al stainless steel is incorporated and whose filter function is regenerated by backwashing. A pressurized fluidized bed boiler, direct coal combustion apparatus ( Coal Direct
The present invention relates to a candle-type dust removing device suitable for removing dust from high-temperature pressurized gas discharged from a fuel gas plant, a coal gasification plant, and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】セラミックスフィルタが組み込まれたキ
ャンドル型除塵装置は、低レベルの放射性廃棄物の焼却
炉の燃焼排ガスの高温除塵に実用化されているが、この
燃焼排ガスは塵の濃度が小さく燃焼負荷の変動も極めて
僅かであり、いわば極めて限られた用途に実用化されて
いるにすぎない。2. Description of the Related Art A candle type dust remover incorporating a ceramics filter has been put to practical use for high temperature dust removal of combustion exhaust gas from an incinerator of low-level radioactive waste. The fluctuation of the load is extremely small, and so to speak, it has been put to practical use in very limited applications.
【０００３】しかし一方において、セラミックスフィル
タが組み込まれた除塵装置は、石炭を燃料とする次世代
のクリーン（排出される燃焼排ガスが低ＮＯX 、低ＳＯ
X であるもの）発電プラントを構成する石炭ガス化プラ
ントや加圧流動床ボイラを実用化するための鍵となる要
素技術と考えられており、現在世界各国で実用化に向け
て懸命の努力が払われている。On the other hand, however, a dust remover incorporating a ceramics filter is a next-generation clean system that uses coal as a fuel (combustion exhaust gas discharged has low NOx, low SO).
It is considered to be a key elemental technology for practical application of the coal gasification plant and the pressurized fluidized bed boiler that make up the power generation plant, and hard work is currently underway in various countries around the world. Have been paid.
【０００４】セラミックスフィルタが組み込まれた除塵
装置を発電プラント等の排ガスの除塵に使用する場合、
プラント全体の運転状態の変動に柔軟に対応できるもの
でなければならない。特に、石炭を燃料とする加圧流動
床ボイラの燃焼排ガスの除塵では、ボイラの負荷を増す
操作を行うと、ボイラ中の酸素濃度が不足ぎみになって
煤をはじめとする多量の未燃焼成分が排出される。When a dust remover incorporating a ceramics filter is used to remove exhaust gas from a power plant or the like,
It must be able to flexibly respond to changes in the operating conditions of the entire plant. In particular, in dust removal from combustion exhaust gas from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler that uses coal as a fuel, when the operation to increase the load on the boiler is performed, the oxygen concentration in the boiler becomes insufficient and a large amount of unburned components such as soot are burned out. Is discharged.
【０００５】バブリングベッド型流動床ボイラの場合、
流動層の層高が低い低負荷運転時においてボイラ燃焼負
荷の変動がなされると、燃焼排ガス中の酸素濃度が高い
場合にも多量の未燃焼成分が燃焼排ガス中に排出され、
燃焼排ガス中には煤の他に１０００ｐｐｍを超える一酸
化炭素が含まれる場合もしばしばである。このような状
況下で、燃焼排ガス中の塵の濃度は定常時の５〜１０倍
に増え、塵に含まれる未燃焼成分の割合が３０％以上に
なることがある。In the case of a bubbling bed type fluidized bed boiler,
When the boiler combustion load is changed during low load operation when the bed height of the fluidized bed is low, a large amount of unburned components are discharged into the combustion exhaust gas even when the oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is high,
Frequently, the flue gas contains carbon monoxide in excess of 1000 ppm in addition to soot. Under such circumstances, the concentration of dust in the combustion exhaust gas may increase to 5 to 10 times that in the steady state, and the proportion of unburned components contained in the dust may reach 30% or more.
【０００６】加圧流動床ボイラの燃焼排ガスの除塵にお
いては、サイクロンにより粗除塵された燃焼排ガスをセ
ラミックスフィルタが組み込まれた除塵装置に導入する
システムが指向されているが、サイクロンは燃焼排ガス
中の塵の濃度が急増するような過渡的状態において有効
な除塵機能を発揮し得ない。In dust removal of combustion exhaust gas from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, a system for introducing the combustion exhaust gas roughly removed by a cyclone into a dust removing device incorporating a ceramics filter has been proposed. It cannot exert an effective dust removal function in a transient state where the dust concentration rapidly increases.
【０００７】この場合サイクロンを素通りした多量の未
燃焼成分を含む塵は、除塵装置に組み込まれたセラミッ
クスフィルタに到達する。このとき、燃焼排ガス中の塵
の濃度が定常時の５〜１０倍に増えるため、フィルタの
差圧の増加勾配も定常時の５〜１０倍に増える。その結
果、除塵装置の運転状態が不安定になって遂には除塵機
能が発揮されなくなるという問題が生じる。In this case, the dust containing a large amount of unburned components passing through the cyclone reaches the ceramic filter incorporated in the dust removing device. At this time, since the dust concentration in the combustion exhaust gas increases 5 to 10 times that in the steady state, the increasing gradient of the differential pressure of the filter also increases 5 to 10 times that in the steady state. As a result, the operation state of the dust removing device becomes unstable, and finally the dust removing function cannot be exhibited.
【０００８】また、加圧流動床ボイラの運転停止時に燃
料パージが行われると、燃料供給管に残った燃料（石炭
の粉）がボイラ内に吹き込まれる。とりわけこの操作が
低負荷運転の直後に行われると、瞬時に多量の石炭の粉
が流動床ボイラ中を吹き抜け、サイクロンを素通りして
除塵装置のセラミックスフィルタに到達し、含塵ガス中
の塵の濃度が通常時の１００〜３００倍にも達する。Further, when the fuel purging is performed when the operation of the pressurized fluidized bed boiler is stopped, the fuel (coal dust) remaining in the fuel supply pipe is blown into the boiler. In particular, if this operation is performed immediately after low-load operation, a large amount of coal powder instantaneously blows through the fluidized-bed boiler, passes through the cyclone, and reaches the ceramic filter of the dust remover to remove dust in the dust-containing gas. The concentration reaches 100 to 300 times as much as usual.
【０００９】これまで、加圧流動床ボイラの燃焼排ガス
の除塵に試用された除塵装置の多くは、ボイラ負荷の変
動のほとんどない条件下でのみ評価がされてきた。それ
はボイラ負荷の変動に伴って排出される未燃焼成分を含
む高濃度の塵によってフィルタ差圧が上昇したり、突発
的に起きる未燃焼成分の急速な燃焼に起因する温度変動
にセラミックスフィルタと除塵装置の構造が耐えられな
かったためである。Up to now, most of the dust removers that have been used for dust removal of combustion exhaust gas from the pressurized fluidized bed boiler have been evaluated only under the condition that there is almost no change in boiler load. This is because the filter differential pressure rises due to high-concentration dust containing unburned components that is discharged as the boiler load fluctuates, and temperature fluctuations caused by sudden combustion of unburned components suddenly occur This is because the structure of the device was unbearable.
【００１０】例えば図３に示すようなキャンドル型除塵
装置では、セラミックスからなる有底フィルタ管を耐熱
合金製の管板にキャンドル（ロウソク立て）状に取り付
けている構造に問題があり、強い逆洗を行うとフィルタ
管が遊動してフィルタ管がしばしば破損し、フィルタ管
が破損すると含塵ガスが清浄ガス側に漏れ出して除塵装
置が使用不能となるので、逆洗の条件が要求される逆洗
の強さによって決められるのではなく、多くの場合除塵
装置の構造上の制約により決められていた。For example, in a candle type dust remover as shown in FIG. 3, there is a problem in a structure in which a bottomed filter tube made of ceramics is attached to a tube plate made of a heat-resistant alloy in a candle (candle stand) shape. If the filter tube moves, the filter tube often breaks, and if the filter tube is damaged, the dust-containing gas leaks to the clean gas side and the dust remover becomes unusable. It was not determined by the strength of washing, but was often determined by the structural restrictions of the dust removing device.
【００１１】逆洗の強さが不充分であるとフィルタ差圧
（除塵装置における含塵ガス側と清浄ガス側の差圧）が
徐々に増え、遂にはフィルタ差圧が大きくなって除塵不
能に陥ることになる。If the strength of backwashing is insufficient, the filter pressure difference (the pressure difference between the dust-containing gas side and the clean gas side in the dust remover) gradually increases, and finally the filter pressure difference becomes so large that dust cannot be removed. You will fall.
【００１２】キャンドル型除塵装置で大きなフィルタ差
圧が許容されないもう一つの理由として、管板が無冷却
であることが挙げられる。発電を目的とする加圧流動床
ボイラから排出される燃焼排ガスの除塵の場合、その温
度が８００〜９５０℃の範囲にあるため、耐熱合金製の
管板であってもフィルタ差圧が大きくなると管板のクリ
ープが問題となるからである。Another reason why the candle type dust remover does not allow a large filter differential pressure is that the tube sheet is uncooled. In the case of dust removal of combustion exhaust gas discharged from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for the purpose of power generation, since the temperature is in the range of 800 to 950 ° C, the filter pressure difference becomes large even with a heat-resistant alloy tube sheet. This is because the tube sheet creep becomes a problem.
【００１３】また、未燃焼成分を含む多量の塵の発生に
対しては、フィルタ管の含塵ガス側を下降流とすること
が難しいため、塵がフィルタ管の表面に常時多量に付着
している傾向があり、何らかのきっかけにより未燃焼成
分を含む塵に着火して燃焼が開始されると、フィルタ管
が致命的な損傷を受けることになる。Further, in order to generate a large amount of dust containing unburned components, it is difficult to make a downward flow on the dust-containing gas side of the filter tube. Therefore, a large amount of dust is always attached to the surface of the filter tube. If the dust containing unburned components is ignited and combustion is started by some trigger, the filter tube will be fatally damaged.
【００１４】図３は従来のキャンドル型除塵装置の内部
における含塵ガスの流れ方向を矢印で示す。図３におい
て、１はキャンドル型除塵装置、２は内部に断熱材４が
施工された圧力容器、５は含塵ガス側と清浄ガス側の空
間を仕切る管板、３は管板５に設けられた円形穴を通し
てその首部が管板に支持された有底のフィルタ管、６は
ガス導入口、９はガス導入口６から流入する含塵ガスの
流れ方向をフィルタ管に沿った下降流とするための案内
筒、７はホッパ、１０は清浄ガスの出口、１１は逆洗ノ
ズル、１２は捕集された塵の排出口である。FIG. 3 shows by arrows the flow direction of the dust-containing gas in the conventional candle-type dust remover. In FIG. 3, 1 is a candle type dust remover, 2 is a pressure vessel in which a heat insulating material 4 is applied, 5 is a tube plate that divides the space between the dust-containing gas side and the clean gas side, and 3 is provided on the tube plate 5. A bottomed filter tube whose neck portion is supported by a tube plate through a circular hole, 6 is a gas inlet, and 9 is a downward flow along the filter tube in the flow direction of the dust-containing gas flowing from the gas inlet 6. Is a guide cylinder, 7 is a hopper, 10 is an outlet for clean gas, 11 is a backwash nozzle, and 12 is an outlet for the collected dust.
【００１５】含塵ガスの温度が高いと、熱放散によって
流れている含塵ガスとホッパ７内などに滞留している含
塵ガスとの間の温度差が大きくなる。特に導入される含
塵ガスのエネルギー負荷を増加している時にはこの差は
さらに大きくなる。この含塵ガスの温度差の存在によっ
て、含塵ガスの流動部と滞留部の境界付近では含塵ガス
の複雑な流動が起き、フィルタ管の下端部においてフィ
ルタ管の軸方向および円周方向に温度差が生じてフィル
タ管を破損する熱応力の原因となる。When the temperature of the dust-containing gas is high, the temperature difference between the dust-containing gas flowing due to heat dissipation and the dust-containing gas staying in the hopper 7 or the like becomes large. This difference becomes even greater when the energy load of the dust-containing gas introduced is increasing. Due to the existence of this temperature difference of the dust-containing gas, a complicated flow of the dust-containing gas occurs near the boundary between the flow portion and the retention portion of the dust-containing gas, and the lower end portion of the filter pipe is axially and circumferentially This causes a thermal stress that causes a temperature difference and damages the filter tube.
【００１６】また、被処理含塵ガスが加圧された高温の
ガスであると、特に除塵装置に導入されるガスの温度が
４００℃以上で、ガス圧力が５ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以上である
と、除塵装置内の含塵ガスの滞留部と流動部の境界付近
においてガスの不安定な流動がより活発になる。これ
は、除塵装置に流入するガス圧の変動が被処理含塵ガス
量の増大とともに大きくなることと、流入する含塵ガス
の温度が高くなれば除塵装置内におけるガス温度の位置
による温度偏差が大きくなることとが重なるためで、被
処理含塵ガス量の増減や逆洗などの外乱要因によって不
安定な流動が容易に触発される。Further, when the dust-containing gas to be treated is a pressurized high temperature gas, especially when the temperature of the gas introduced into the dust removing device is 400 ° C. or more and the gas pressure is 5 kg / cm 2 or more, dust removal is performed. The unstable flow of gas becomes more active in the vicinity of the boundary between the retention part and the flow part of the dust-containing gas in the device. This is because the fluctuation of the gas pressure flowing into the dust remover increases with an increase in the amount of dust-containing gas to be processed, and if the temperature of the inflowing dust-containing gas becomes higher, the temperature deviation due to the position of the gas temperature in the dust remover will increase. Since it becomes larger and larger, an unstable flow is easily triggered by disturbance factors such as an increase or decrease in the amount of dust-containing gas to be treated and backwashing.
【００１７】加圧流動床ボイラや、石炭ガス化プラント
などから排出される加圧された高温の含塵ガスを除塵処
理する場合には、このような現象が顕著に現れ、各フィ
ルタ管の通気圧損の差や含塵ガスの流れの乱れによっ
て、フィルタ管の間の空間においても、複雑な含塵ガス
の流れが生じることになる。When depressurizing the pressurized high temperature dust-containing gas discharged from the pressurized fluidized bed boiler or the coal gasification plant, such a phenomenon is conspicuous, and the ventilation of each filter tube is increased. Due to the difference in pressure loss and the turbulence of the flow of the dust-containing gas, a complicated flow of the dust-containing gas is generated even in the space between the filter tubes.
【００１８】キャンドル型除塵装置では、一般的にフィ
ルタ管と他のフィルタ管との間の空間が、フィルタ管毎
もしくは少数のフィルタ管のグループ毎に仕切られてい
ないので、フィルタ管付近を流れる含塵ガスは必ずしも
下降流となっておらず、図３のＡの部分に示されている
類の渦流が常時存在し、フィルタ管の一部には下方から
渦流によってガスが吹き付けられている状態となってい
る。このような渦流は被処理含塵ガス量に変動がない場
合にも存在するが、被処理含塵ガス量に変動があるとそ
の位置と強度が大きく変化する。In the candle type dust remover, the space between the filter tube and another filter tube is not generally divided for each filter tube or for each group of a small number of filter tubes. The dust gas is not necessarily a downward flow, and a vortex of the kind shown in the portion A of FIG. 3 is always present, and a part of the filter tube is blown by the vortex from below. Is becoming Such a vortex exists even when there is no change in the amount of dust-containing gas to be processed, but if the amount of dust-containing gas to be processed changes, its position and intensity change significantly.
【００１９】また、いわゆるＴｉｅｒｅｄ型の除塵装置
や米国特許第４９０４２８７号に示されている除塵装置
のように横方向および上下方向に複数のフィルタ管群
（一つの管板に固定されているフィルタ群を指す）が並
べられ、導入される含塵ガスの案内筒が圧力容器の壁面
に沿って設けられていて、含塵ガスが上段のフィルタ管
群から順次下段のフィルタ管群へ流下するように構成さ
れている場合にも、フィルタ管群の間のガスの流れと、
各フィルタ管の周囲の含塵ガスの流れは必ずしも下降流
となっていない。Further, as in the so-called Tiered type dust remover and the dust remover shown in US Pat. No. 4,904,287, a plurality of filter tube groups (laterally and vertically) (filter groups fixed to one tube plate are provided. Is installed along the wall surface of the pressure vessel, so that the dust-containing gas flows down from the upper filter tube group to the lower filter tube group in sequence. The gas flow between the filter tubes even when configured,
The flow of dust-containing gas around each filter tube is not necessarily a downward flow.
【００２０】このような除塵装置では、含塵ガスは先ず
大きな空隙に沿って流れ、次に水平方向に流れて各フィ
ルタ管の間に流れ込む。また、ガスの下降速度がほとん
どゼロになる下段のフィルタ管群の下端付近において
は、図３に示されているのと同様の渦流が存在してい
る。In such a dust remover, the dust-containing gas first flows along the large gap, then horizontally and flows between the filter tubes. Further, near the lower end of the lower filter tube group where the descending velocity of gas is almost zero, the same eddy current as shown in FIG. 3 exists.
【００２１】このような渦流は、相対的に温度が低く塵
の濃度が大きい含塵ガスをホッパ内から巻き上げ、この
流れがフィルタの表面に到達するとフィルタ差圧を増大
させるとともにフィルタ管を部分的に冷却することにな
る。Such an eddy current causes dust-containing gas having a relatively low temperature and a high dust concentration to be rolled up from within the hopper, and when this flow reaches the surface of the filter, the filter differential pressure is increased and the filter tube is partially Will be cooled to.
【００２２】また、各フィルタ管群の間には通気圧損の
差（フィルタ材料自体の通気性のバラツキの他、表面へ
の塵の堆積の程度の相違による）があって、一部の通気
圧損の小さいフィルタ管群に含塵ガスが周囲から流れ込
むことになり、フィルタ管中に複雑な温度分布が生じ、
温度分布に伴う熱応力が発生する。Further, there is a difference in the ventilation pressure loss between the filter tube groups (due to the variation in the air permeability of the filter material itself and the difference in the degree of dust accumulation on the surface), and a part of the ventilation pressure loss is caused. Dust-containing gas will flow into the filter tube group of small size from the surroundings, and a complicated temperature distribution will occur in the filter tube.
Thermal stress is generated due to the temperature distribution.
【００２３】このような状態において、未燃焼成分（主
に煤）を多く含む塵がフィルタ管の表面に堆積した状
態、あるいはフィルタ管の表面付近に漂っている状態で
燃焼が始まると、たちまちフィルタ管が熱応力で破損す
ることになる。In such a state, when the dust containing a large amount of unburned components (mainly soot) is deposited on the surface of the filter tube or when the dust starts to float near the surface of the filter tube, the filter is immediately started. The tube will be damaged by thermal stress.
【００２４】また、強い渦流は単にホッパ内の低温のガ
スを巻き上げるだけでなくカルマン渦を伴うことがあ
り、これがボイラに燃焼用加圧空気を送入するコンプレ
ッサーや流動床の流動媒体（ベッド材、通常は砂が使わ
れる）の動きによるガスの脈動などと共振すると、フィ
ルタ管が強く横方向に揺すられることになり、フィルタ
管の取付部（首部）に強い曲げ応力が加わってフィルタ
管が破損する。フィルタ管が破損しない場合でも、フィ
ルタ管の取付部に設けたパッキン材が飛散して含塵ガス
が清浄ガス側に漏れたりする。Further, the strong vortex may not only wind up the low temperature gas in the hopper but may also be accompanied by a Karman vortex, which causes a compressor for feeding the compressed air for combustion to the boiler or a fluid medium (bed material) of the fluidized bed. , Usually sand is used) Resonating with the pulsation of gas due to the movement of the filter tube, the filter tube will be strongly shaken in the lateral direction, and a strong bending stress is applied to the mounting part (neck part) of the filter tube, causing the filter tube to move. fall into disrepair. Even if the filter tube is not damaged, the packing material provided at the mounting part of the filter tube scatters and the dust-containing gas leaks to the clean gas side.
【００２５】加圧された高温ガスである加圧流動床ボイ
ラからの燃焼排ガスをキャンドル型除塵装置で除塵処理
する場合を考えてみる。ボイラの負荷を急速に増やす
と、このキャンドル型除塵装置に導入される含塵ガス中
の酸素濃度が急速に減少し、多量の固形未燃焼成分
（煤）と一酸化炭素がフィルタ管に到達する。Consider a case where combustion exhaust gas from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, which is pressurized high-temperature gas, is subjected to dust removal processing by a candle type dust remover. When the load of the boiler is rapidly increased, the oxygen concentration in the dust-containing gas introduced into this candle-type dust remover decreases rapidly, and a large amount of solid unburned components (soot) and carbon monoxide reach the filter tube. ..
【００２６】ガス温度が高いとガスの粘性が大きいの
で、飛来する塵中の固形未燃焼成分は下のホッパにほと
んど落ちることなく含塵ガス空間に滞留し、ガス温度が
４００℃以上あれば酸素濃度の回復に伴って容易に発火
し、４００℃から５００℃付近の温度では未燃焼成分が
ほとんど爆発に近い燃焼を起こすことがある。When the gas temperature is high, the viscosity of the gas is large, so that the solid unburned components in the flying dust stay in the dust-containing gas space with almost no drop in the lower hopper, and if the gas temperature is 400 ° C. or higher, oxygen is released. It easily ignites as the concentration recovers, and at temperatures near 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., unburned components may burn almost like an explosion.
【００２７】含塵ガスの流れが完全下降流であるチュー
ブ型除塵装置（フィルタ管の内側を上下に貫通する含塵
ガス流路を有し、ガスがフィルタ管の内側から外側に向
かって流れて濾過されることによりガスの除塵をするタ
イプの除塵装置）では、特公平３−２４２５１にフィル
タ管下端部を流れる含塵ガスに一定以上の下降速度を与
えることによりフィルタ管に捕捉される塵のフィルタ管
表面への堆積を抑制してフィルタ差圧の増加を少なくし
た、逆洗の頻度が少なくできる除塵装置が提案されてい
る。A tube type dust remover in which the flow of the dust-containing gas is a completely downward flow (having a dust-containing gas passage vertically passing through the inside of the filter tube and allowing the gas to flow from the inside to the outside of the filter tube). In a dust remover of a type that removes gas by filtering, dust is trapped in the filter tube by applying a descending speed above a certain level to the dust-containing gas flowing through the lower end of the filter tube in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-24251. A dust remover has been proposed which can reduce the frequency of backwashing by suppressing the increase in the filter differential pressure by suppressing the accumulation on the filter tube surface.
【００２８】しかしこの発明では、未燃焼成分が塵とと
もに多量に飛来したり、フィルタ管の近傍で未燃焼成分
が燃え、フィルタに熱損傷を与えたり、ホッパ内に冷え
たガスを巻き込む渦流などの乱れた含塵ガス流が発生
し、フィルタ管の破損の原因となる大きい熱応力が生じ
ることについては示唆していない。However, in the present invention, a large amount of unburned components fly with dust, the unburned components burn in the vicinity of the filter tube, causing thermal damage to the filter, and a vortex flow that entrains cold gas in the hopper. It does not suggest that a turbulent dust-containing gas flow is generated, which causes a large thermal stress that causes damage to the filter tube.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上述の従来
技術による除塵装置の問題点を解消し、加圧流動床ボイ
ラ、石炭直接燃焼装置、流動接触分解装置など加圧され
た高温の燃焼ガスを扱うプラントや、石炭ガス化プラン
トの合成ガスの除塵などに使用しても、フィルタが熱応
力による破損を被ることなく使用できる、信頼性の優れ
た高温加圧ガス用除塵装置を提供しようとするものであ
る。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the dust remover according to the prior art, and pressurizes high temperature combustion such as a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, a coal direct combustion device, a fluid catalytic cracking device. Let's provide a highly reliable high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover that can be used without damaging the filter due to thermal stress even when used to remove gas from plants that handle gas or from coal gasification plants. It is what
【００３０】[0030]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は前述の課題を達
成すべくなされたものであり、本発明の高温加圧ガス用
除塵装置は、底部がホッパとされている圧力容器の内部
に、管板が概ね水平方向に取り付けられ、管板に設けら
れた複数の穴のそれぞれに有底のフィルタ管の開口端が
固定されて管板の下側に各フィルタ管が概ね垂直に取り
付けられ、各フィルタ管の外側に含塵ガスが流れる空間
を有し、かつ逆洗によりフィルタ機能の再生が行われる
除塵装置であって、フィルタ管とフィルタ管の間を横切
る含塵ガスを垂直方向に流すための概ね垂直な仕切りが
設けられ、かつ含塵ガス空間中の含塵ガスの導入口から
隔たった箇所に含塵ガスを吸い込む吸入口が設けられて
いることを特徴とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, and a dust remover for high temperature pressurized gas of the present invention has a bottom portion which is a hopper inside a pressure vessel. The tube plate is attached in a substantially horizontal direction, the open end of the bottomed filter tube is fixed to each of a plurality of holes provided in the tube sheet, and each filter tube is attached substantially vertically to the lower side of the tube sheet, A dust remover that has a space through which dust-containing gas flows outside each filter tube, and the filter function is regenerated by backwashing, and the dust-containing gas that flows between filter tubes flows vertically. Is provided with a substantially vertical partition, and a suction port for sucking the dust-containing gas is provided at a location apart from the dust-containing gas introduction port in the dust-containing gas space.
【００３１】ここで有底フィルタ管の底は、フィルタと
一体に形成されたものであってもよいし、管の部分がセ
ラミックスからなり、底に金属製の蓋が取り付けられて
いるものであってもよい。また、フィルタ管は上端のみ
でなく下で支持されていても構わない。圧力容器中に収
納されているフィルタ管群は一群のみである小容量の除
塵装置であってもよいし、複数のフィルタ管群が横およ
び縦方向に並んでいる大型の除塵装置であってもよい。Here, the bottom of the bottomed filter tube may be formed integrally with the filter, or the tube portion is made of ceramics and has a metal lid attached to the bottom. May be. Further, the filter tube may be supported not only at the upper end but also at the lower part. The filter tube group housed in the pressure vessel may be a small-capacity dust removing apparatus having only one group, or a large dust removing apparatus having a plurality of filter tube groups arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions. Good.
【００３２】本発明の除塵装置では、フィルタ管とフィ
ルタ管、および／またはフィルタ管群とフィルタ管群の
間を横切る、含塵ガスを垂直方向に流すための概ね垂直
な仕切りを設けることによって、フィルタ管の間、また
はフィルタ管群の間に乱れた流れの発生が抑制され、さ
らに含塵ガス空間の含塵ガスの流入部から隔たった箇所
に含塵ガスを吸い込んで低圧にする吸入口を設けること
によって、フィルタ管の表面付近の含塵ガスの流れを常
に確保し、フィルタ管の間に含塵ガスが停滞する箇所を
なくし、これによってホッパ内を含めて含塵ガス側の空
間に温度が低く含塵ガスが滞留している領域が形成され
るのを抑制している。In the dust remover of the present invention, by providing the filter tube and the filter tube, and / or the filter tube group and the filter tube group, a generally vertical partition for vertically flowing the dust-containing gas, The occurrence of turbulent flow between the filter tubes or between the filter tube groups is suppressed, and the suction port that sucks the dust-containing gas into a place separated from the dust-containing gas inflow part in the dust-containing gas space to lower the pressure is provided. By providing the filter, the flow of dust-containing gas near the surface of the filter tube is always secured, and there is no place where the dust-containing gas is stagnant between the filter tubes. It suppresses the formation of a region in which the dust-containing gas remains low.
【００３３】言い換えれば、上記の構成とすることによ
って本発明の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置では、圧力容器中
の含塵ガス空間に含塵ガスが滞留する箇所をなくすこと
ができ、含塵ガス空間中において含塵ガスの流れが常に
確保され、これによって塵が異常に偏在する箇所や、ガ
ス温度が異常に低い箇所が生じるのを避けることがで
き、含塵ガスの温度差に起因する渦流のなどの乱れたガ
ス流の発生が抑制され、冷えた含塵ガスが渦流に巻き込
まれてフィルタ管を冷却する現象や、未燃焼成分を含む
塵が高濃度に滞留あるいは、一部分のフィルタ管の表面
に堆積して発火し、燃焼してフィルタ管が急加熱されて
熱応力で破損する現象を回避できる。In other words, with the above-mentioned configuration, in the high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the portion where the dust-containing gas stays in the dust-containing gas space in the pressure vessel, and to remove the dust-containing gas. The flow of dust-containing gas is always ensured in the space, so that it is possible to avoid places where dust is abnormally unevenly distributed and places where the gas temperature is abnormally low. The generation of turbulent gas flow such as that is suppressed, the phenomenon that cool dust-containing gas is entrained in the vortex and cools the filter tube, dust containing unburned components stays at high concentration, or part of the filter tube It is possible to avoid a phenomenon in which the filter tube is heated on its surface, ignited, burned, and rapidly heated to be damaged by thermal stress.
【００３４】本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵装置が好
適に使用されるのは、含塵ガスの温度が４００℃以上、
その圧力が５ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以上の場合である。The high temperature pressurized gas dust remover according to the present invention is preferably used when the temperature of the dust-containing gas is 400 ° C. or higher,
This is the case when the pressure is 5 kg / cm 2 or more.
【００３５】本発明の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の好まし
い態様では、フィルタ管の周囲にある含塵ガスが上方か
ら下方に流れる構成となっているので、逆洗によってフ
ィルタ管の表面から剥離された塵がガスの流れに逆らわ
ないでホッパへと移動することができる。In a preferred embodiment of the high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover of the present invention, since the dust-containing gas around the filter tube flows downward from above, it is separated from the surface of the filter tube by backwashing. Dust can move to the hopper without going against the gas flow.
【００３６】本発明の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の他の好
ましい態様では、圧力容器の内部にある死空間（意味の
ない無駄な空間）を囲む仕切りを設けているので、この
囲まれた死空間の中を含塵ガスは流れることができず、
その結果含塵ガスの流路断面積が大幅に小さくなり、含
塵ガスがフィルタ管の表面付近を流れる流速が大きくな
り、含塵ガスのフィルタ管の近傍における滞留傾向をさ
らに少なくできる。この死空間で囲まれた構成は、圧力
容器中に死空間が相対的に多くある複数のフィルタ管群
を収容している大型の除塵装置においてその効果が特に
顕著である。In another preferred embodiment of the high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover of the present invention, a partition for surrounding a dead space (a meaningless and useless space) inside the pressure vessel is provided. Dust-containing gas cannot flow in the space,
As a result, the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the dust-containing gas is significantly reduced, the flow velocity of the dust-containing gas flowing near the surface of the filter tube is increased, and the retention tendency of the dust-containing gas near the filter tube can be further reduced. The effect surrounded by the dead space is particularly remarkable in a large-sized dust removing device that accommodates a plurality of filter tube groups having relatively many dead spaces in the pressure vessel.
【００３７】フィルタ管の表面を流れる含塵ガスの流速
は、最も遅い部分で１０ｃｍ／秒以上確保すると効果が
現れ、好ましくは３０ｃｍ／秒以上とする。含塵ガスを
吸い込んで低圧にする駆動力としてはエゼクタやファン
の使用が可能であり、圧力容器中から含塵ガス自体の圧
力を利用してホッパの下の塵の排出口の部分から捕集さ
れた塵とともに外系に抜き出すことも可能である。The flow velocity of the dust-containing gas flowing on the surface of the filter tube is effective when securing 10 cm / sec or more in the slowest portion, and preferably 30 cm / sec or more. An ejector or a fan can be used as a driving force for sucking the dust-containing gas to lower the pressure, and the pressure of the dust-containing gas itself is used from the pressure vessel to collect it from the dust outlet under the hopper. It is also possible to extract it to the external system together with the dust.
【００３８】本発明の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の他の好
ましい態様では、含塵ガスを吸い込んで低圧にする手段
が加圧ガスによって作動されるエゼクタが組み込まれた
配管であり、この配管が圧力容器の内部に配置され、吸
い込まれた含塵ガスがこの配管を通って含塵ガス空間の
上流側に送られる構成となっている。ここで含塵ガスを
送るのにエゼクタが使用されるのは、塵が含まれていて
も支障なく送れるからであり、加圧ガスを配管によって
送り込むことで作動できるので圧力容器の内部に配置す
ることが容易であり、エゼクタは耐熱性に問題がなく、
その占める容積が少ないからである。In another preferred embodiment of the high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover of the present invention, the means for sucking the dust-containing gas to lower the pressure is a pipe incorporating an ejector operated by the pressurized gas. It is arranged inside the pressure vessel, and the sucked dust-containing gas is sent to the upstream side of the dust-containing gas space through this pipe. The ejector is used to send the dust-containing gas because it can be sent without any trouble even if it contains dust.It can be operated by sending pressurized gas through the pipe, so it is placed inside the pressure vessel. It is easy to do, the ejector has no problem with heat resistance,
This is because the volume it occupies is small.
【００３９】また、配管が圧力容器の内部を通っている
ことにより、配管の長さを必要最小限に短くでき、含塵
ガスを送るのに要するエネルギーが少なくて済み、さら
に冷却される表面を増やさないで済むので、配管の表面
からの熱放散によるエネルギー損失を気にする必要もな
い。Further, since the pipe passes through the inside of the pressure vessel, the length of the pipe can be shortened to the necessary minimum, the energy required to send the dust-containing gas can be reduced, and the surface to be cooled can be further reduced. Since it does not need to be increased, there is no need to worry about energy loss due to heat dissipation from the surface of the pipe.
【００４０】[0040]
【実施例】以下本発明を実施例によってさらに詳しく説
明するが本発明はこれらの実施例によってなんら限定さ
れるものではない。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
【００４１】図１は、本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵
装置（キャンドル型）の一例を示す。図１で１は除塵装
置、２は内部に断熱材４をライニングされた圧力容器、
５は含塵ガス側と清浄ガス側を仕切る管板、３は管板に
設けられた円形の穴に通されて首部を管板に支持された
有底のフィルタ管、８はフィルタ管の軸と平行な方向、
つまり垂直方向に配置されたフィルタ管とフィルタ管の
間の仕切り、１１は各フィルタ管の開口に挿入されてい
る逆洗ノズル、９はガス導入口６から流入する含塵ガス
の流れ方向をフィルタ管に沿った下降流とする案内筒、
７は塵の排出口１２を有する漏斗状のホッパである。FIG. 1 shows an example of a high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover (candle type) according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a dust remover, 2 is a pressure vessel having a heat insulating material 4 lined therein,
Reference numeral 5 is a tube plate that separates the dust-containing gas side from the clean gas side, 3 is a bottomed filter tube whose neck portion is supported by the tube sheet through a circular hole provided in the tube sheet, and 8 is an axis of the filter tube. Direction parallel to,
That is, a partition between filter tubes arranged in the vertical direction, 11 is a backwash nozzle inserted in the opening of each filter tube, and 9 is a filter for controlling the flow direction of the dust-containing gas flowing from the gas introduction port 6. A guide tube with a downward flow along the pipe,
7 is a funnel-shaped hopper having a dust outlet 12.
【００４２】管板５は、チューブ型除塵装置の場合のよ
うに冷却が施されていないことから通常耐熱合金で作ら
れている。図１には示されていないが、フィルタ管の首
部と管板５の間には塵が含塵ガス側から清浄ガス側に洩
れないようにセラミックファイバ等からなるパッキン材
が充填されている。The tube sheet 5 is usually made of a heat-resistant alloy because it is not cooled as in the case of the tube type dust remover. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a packing material made of ceramic fiber or the like is filled between the neck portion of the filter tube and the tube plate 5 so that dust does not leak from the dust-containing gas side to the clean gas side.
【００４３】図２は図１のＡ−Ａ断面図であり、図から
分かるようにこの例では仕切り８は正六角形のハニカム
構造となっており、案内筒９に溶接されている。図１に
おいて、含塵ガスはガス導入口６から流入し、案内筒９
によって矢印の方向に進み、上方で転向して含塵ガス側
のフィルタ管群の上部に流入して広がり、降下して各フ
ィルタ管と仕切り８との間の隙間に流入し、大部分のガ
スはフィルタ管３の外表面で濾過され清浄ガスとなって
フィルタ管の内側に流入する。FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. As can be seen from the drawing, the partition 8 has a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure and is welded to the guide tube 9. In FIG. 1, the dust-containing gas flows in through the gas inlet 6 and the guide tube 9
By the direction of the arrow, turning upward, flowing into the upper part of the filter tube group on the dust-containing gas side, spreading, descending and flowing into the gap between each filter tube and the partition 8, Is filtered by the outer surface of the filter tube 3 to become clean gas and flows into the inside of the filter tube.
【００４４】清浄ガスはフィルタ管３内を上昇して管板
上部の清浄ガス室１３に流入した後清浄ガス出口１０か
ら排出される。フィルタ管の外側を流れる含塵ガスの下
降速度は次第に小さくなるが、塵の排出口１２から塵と
ともにガスを抜き出し、仕切り８の下端から含塵ガスが
３５ｃｍ／秒の速度で下降するように設定された。The clean gas rises in the filter tube 3, flows into the clean gas chamber 13 at the upper part of the tube sheet, and is then discharged from the clean gas outlet 10. The descending speed of the dust-containing gas flowing outside the filter tube gradually decreases, but the dust-containing gas is extracted together with the dust from the dust outlet 12 and set so that the dust-containing gas descends from the lower end of the partition 8 at a speed of 35 cm / sec. Was done.
【００４５】このため、除塵装置では高温の加圧ガスを
除塵する場合にもフィルタ管３とフィルタ管３の間にお
いて水平方向のガスの流れはなく、含塵ガス側の下降速
度が最小となるフィルタ管３の下端部においてもガス流
れの滞留は認められない。Therefore, in the dust remover, even when removing high-temperature pressurized gas, there is no horizontal gas flow between the filter tubes 3 and the descending speed on the dust-containing gas side becomes the minimum. No gas flow retention is observed at the lower end of the filter tube 3.
【００４６】例えば加圧流動床ボイラを使用する発電プ
ラントに本発明の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置を適用する例
を考えると、未燃焼成分が塵とともに多量排出される場
合には、抜き出された含塵ガスは全量ボイラに還流させ
て燃やすのがプラントの効率の点で好ましい。圧縮空気
を駆動力とするエゼクタにより含塵ガスをボイラに還流
させると、未燃焼成分は還流の過程で完全に燃焼するの
で発電のエネルギー効率はこの分向上する。Considering an example in which the high temperature pressurized gas dust remover of the present invention is applied to a power plant using a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, for example, when a large amount of unburned components are discharged together with dust, they are extracted. It is preferable from the standpoint of plant efficiency that all the dust-containing gas be returned to the boiler and burned. When the dust-containing gas is recirculated to the boiler by an ejector that uses compressed air as a driving force, the unburned components are completely combusted in the process of recirculation, so the energy efficiency of power generation is improved by this amount.
【００４７】逆洗は逆洗ノズル１１から圧縮空気を噴出
させてフィルタ管内の圧力を含塵ガス側の圧力より高
め、ガスをフィルタ管３の壁を通して逆流させ、フィル
タ管３の表面に堆積している塵の層を剥離せしめてホッ
パ７に落下せしめることによりなされる。In backwashing, compressed air is jetted from the backwash nozzle 11 to raise the pressure in the filter tube above the pressure on the dust-containing gas side, and the gas is caused to flow back through the wall of the filter tube 3 and is deposited on the surface of the filter tube 3. This is done by peeling off the dust layer and dropping it on the hopper 7.
【００４８】圧縮空気の噴出は圧縮空気タンク（図示せ
ず）と接続された逆洗ノズル１１の配管に取り付けられ
た制御弁（図示せず）を順次開閉して行い、通常開弁時
間（全閉、全開、全閉に要する時間）は０．１〜０．５
秒に設定される。The jetting of compressed air is performed by sequentially opening and closing a control valve (not shown) attached to the pipe of the backwash nozzle 11 connected to the compressed air tank (not shown), and normally opening time (total The time required for closing, fully opening, and fully closing) is 0.1 to 0.5.
Set to seconds.
【００４９】図４は、本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵
装置の他の一例を示す断面図であり、図５は図４におけ
るＸ−Ｘ断面図で、図４は図５のＹ−Ｙ断面図となって
いる。この例ではフィルタ管群が上下２段、水平方向に
２列、合計４組のフィルタ管群から構成されたいわゆる
Ｔｉｅｒｅｄ型除塵装置の構成であって、含塵ガスが上
方から順に各段のフィルタ管群に下降するようになって
いる。FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another example of the high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 4, and FIG. 4 is taken along line YY of FIG. It is a sectional view. In this example, there is a so-called Tiered type dust remover in which the filter tube group is composed of two upper and lower rows, two rows in the horizontal direction, and a total of four filter tube groups. It is designed to descend into a tube group.
【００５０】図４と図５において、１は除塵装置、６は
ガス導入口、１０は清浄ガスの出口、２は圧力容器、３
はフィルタ管、８はキャンドル群の間に設けられている
仕切り、９はガス導入口６から流入する含塵ガスの流れ
方向をフィルタ管３に沿った下降流とする案内筒、７は
塵の排出口１２を有するホッパー、１４は内部にフィル
タ管３とこれに相応する数の逆洗ノズル（いずれも図示
せず）を有する下側が管板となっている清浄ガスヘッ
ダ、１６はそれぞれ上段２組および下段２組のフィルタ
管群の下端付近の空間を他の部分に比して低圧とする手
段のガス吸入口、１８はそれぞれ図５に示す大きい死空
間１９を含塵ガスが流れないように各フィルタ管群の間
に設けられた仕切り８の上端と案内筒９の上端部の間、
および仕切り８の下端と案内筒９の下端の間に設けた囲
いである。4 and 5, 1 is a dust remover, 6 is a gas inlet, 10 is a clean gas outlet, 2 is a pressure vessel, 3
Is a filter tube, 8 is a partition provided between the candle groups, 9 is a guide tube for making the flow direction of the dust-containing gas flowing in from the gas inlet 6 a downward flow along the filter tube 3, and 7 is a dust tube. A hopper having a discharge port 12, a clean gas header 14 having a filter tube 3 and a corresponding number of backwashing nozzles (neither of which are shown) in the bottom is a tube plate, and 16 are two sets of upper stages, respectively. And a gas suction port of a means for making the space near the lower end of the lower two sets of filter tube groups to have a lower pressure than the other parts, and 18 respectively prevent the dust-containing gas from flowing through the large dead space 19 shown in FIG. Between the upper end of the partition 8 and the upper end of the guide tube 9 provided between the filter tube groups,
And the enclosure provided between the lower end of the partition 8 and the lower end of the guide tube 9.
【００５１】清浄ガスヘッダ１４はガス集合管２０に接
続され、その重量を管板２１に保持されている。圧力容
器２にはその内部に断熱材が施工されているが図４では
省略されている。The clean gas header 14 is connected to the gas collecting pipe 20 and its weight is held by the tube sheet 21. A heat insulating material is applied to the inside of the pressure vessel 2, but it is omitted in FIG.
【００５２】図４において、含塵ガスはガス導入口６よ
り流入し、案内筒９によって矢印のように上方に流れ、
囲い１８の上を通過して仕切り８の上部で向きを変え、
上段のフィルタ管群の上方からフィルタ管３の間に流入
する。含塵ガスは上段の２組のフィルタ管群の各フィル
タ管３に沿ってフィルタ管の表面付近を下降する。In FIG. 4, the dust-containing gas flows in from the gas inlet 6 and flows upward by the guide tube 9 as shown by the arrow.
Pass over the enclosure 18 and change direction at the top of the partition 8,
The gas flows into the space between the filter tubes 3 from above the upper filter tube group. The dust-containing gas descends near the surface of the filter tube along each filter tube 3 of the upper two filter tube groups.
【００５３】この間大部分のガスはフィルタ管３の壁を
通過して清浄ガスヘッダに入り、ガス集合管２０を経て
配管１０へと送り出される。一部の含塵ガスは、ガスを
吸い込んで低圧にする手段の吸入口１６から抜き取ら
れ、残りの含塵ガスは下段の２組のフィルタ管群のフィ
ルタ管３の表面に沿って下降し、フィルタ管群の下端付
近でさらに一部の含塵ガスはガスを吸い込んで低圧にす
る手段の吸入口１６から抜き取られる。During this time, most of the gas passes through the wall of the filter pipe 3 and enters the clean gas header, and is sent out to the pipe 10 through the gas collecting pipe 20. Part of the dust-containing gas is taken out from the suction port 16 of the means for sucking the gas to make the pressure low, and the rest of the dust-containing gas descends along the surface of the filter tube 3 of the lower two filter tube groups, In the vicinity of the lower end of the filter tube group, a part of the dust-containing gas is taken out from the suction port 16 of the means for sucking the gas to lower the pressure.
【００５４】フィルタ管群とフィルタ管の周囲の流れを
より完全な下降流とするため、含塵ガスの吸入口１６の
配置はフィルタ管群のフィルタ管３の間の流れを充分考
慮して行い、上方の吸入口１６からの含塵ガスの抜き出
し量は下方の吸入口１６からのに含塵ガスの抜き出し量
より少なくする方が好ましい。In order to make the flow around the filter tube group and the filter tube a more complete downward flow, the intake port 16 for the dust-containing gas should be arranged in consideration of the flow between the filter tubes 3 of the filter tube group. It is preferable that the amount of the dust-containing gas extracted from the upper suction port 16 is smaller than the amount of the dust-containing gas extracted from the lower suction port 16.
【００５５】含塵ガスの下降速度は含塵ガスが下降する
につれて次第に小さくなるが、下段のフィルタ管群を囲
んでいる仕切り８の下端部から３５ｃｍ／秒程度の速度
で排出される。このため、図２と図３に示された例と同
様にこの除塵装置では、仕切り８の働きによって、加圧
された高温含塵ガスの除塵を行う場合に、フィルタ管群
の間の水平方向のガス流れが阻止され、各フィルタ管の
間の水平方向のガス流れも抑制されて大きくならない。The descending speed of the dust-containing gas gradually decreases as the dust-containing gas descends, but is discharged from the lower end of the partition 8 surrounding the lower filter tube group at a speed of about 35 cm / sec. Therefore, in the same manner as in the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the dust removing device, when the pressurized hot dust-containing gas is removed by the function of the partition 8, the horizontal direction between the filter tube groups is increased. Gas flow is blocked, and the horizontal gas flow between the filter tubes is also suppressed and does not increase.
【００５６】また、含塵ガスが吸入口１６から吸い込ま
れることによって含塵ガスの下降速度が最小となる下段
のフィルタ管群のフィルタ管の下端部付近においても含
塵ガスの流が停滞しない。Further, the flow of the dust-containing gas is not stopped even in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the filter tube of the lower filter tube group where the descending speed of the dust-containing gas is minimized by the suction of the dust-containing gas from the suction port 16.
【００５７】また、仕切り８によって各々のフィルタ管
群の間を仕切っているので、上段右側のフィルタ管群を
逆洗した時、払い落とされる塵が左側のフィルタ管群の
フィルタ管に再度付着することはない。上段のフィルタ
管群から払い落とされた塵は上部空間に滞留することな
くガスの流れに運ばれて下方に移動し、一部下段のフィ
ルタ管群で捕捉されはするが大半は落下してホッパ７に
捕集される。Further, since the partition 8 separates the filter tube groups from each other, when the upper right filter tube group is backwashed, the dust to be removed adheres again to the filter tube of the left filter tube group. There is no such thing. The dust blown off from the upper filter tube group does not stay in the upper space and is carried by the gas flow and moves downward.Most of the dust is trapped by the lower filter tube group but mostly falls and falls into the hopper. Collected in 7.
【００５８】左右いずれかの列のフィルタ管群について
の逆洗を行うと、そのフィルタ管群のフィルタ管の表面
から逆洗ガスが噴出し、その大半は下向きに流れてホッ
パ７内のガスを反対側フィルタ管群に向けて押し上げる
逆流が生じるが、含塵ガスが吸入口１６から抜き出され
ているため直ちに元の下降流に復帰する。When backwashing is performed on the filter tube group in either the left or right row, the backwash gas is ejected from the surface of the filter tube group of the filter tube group, and most of the backwash gas flows downward to remove the gas in the hopper 7. A backflow is generated that pushes up toward the filter tube group on the opposite side, but immediately returns to the original downflow because the dust-containing gas is extracted from the suction port 16.
【００５９】この場合、例えホッパ７内から含塵ガスが
押し上げられることがあっても、ホッパ７内にある含塵
ガスの温度は、滞留している含塵ガスではないので流れ
ている含塵ガスの温度とほとんど同一であり、反対側の
列のフィルタ管群のフィルタ管に熱衝撃を与えることは
ない。In this case, even if the dust-containing gas is pushed up from the hopper 7, the temperature of the dust-containing gas in the hopper 7 is not the retained dust-containing gas, and therefore the flowing dust-containing gas is present. It is almost the same as the temperature of the gas and does not give a thermal shock to the filter tubes of the filter tube group on the opposite side.
【００６０】仕切り８と含塵ガスを吸い込んで低圧にす
る手段および死空間１９の囲い１８がない場合（従来の
Ｔｉｅｒｅｄ型）には、上段右側のフィルタ管群を逆洗
するとき、払い落とされた塵が左側のフィルタ管群に再
度堆積したり、大きい死空間１９中に生じている渦流に
巻き込まれ、容易にホッパ７には落下しない。If the partition 8 and the means for sucking dust-containing gas to lower the pressure and the dead space 19 have no enclosure 18 (conventional Tiered type), they are blown off when backwashing the upper right filter tube group. Dust does not deposit on the left filter tube group again or is caught in the vortex generated in the large dead space 19 and does not easily fall into the hopper 7.
【００６１】濾過された清浄ガスはフィルタ管３内を上
昇して清浄ガスヘッダ１４に流入した後、ガス集合管２
０を経て清浄ガス室１３に集められ、清浄ガスの出口１
０に送られる。The filtered clean gas rises in the filter pipe 3 and flows into the clean gas header 14, and then the gas collecting pipe 2
After being collected in the clean gas chamber 13 through 0, the clean gas outlet 1
Sent to 0.
【００６２】図５に示すように、ガス吸入口１６から吸
入された含塵ガスは、配管で圧力容器２の外へ取り出し
ても良いが、好ましくは配管によって圧力容器の上部の
含塵ガスの空間に導く。その好ましい構成は、図６のよ
うに死空間１９の内部を通過するエゼクタを取り付けた
配管を設け、この配管によって吸入口１６から吸入した
含塵ガスを含塵ガス空間の上部に還流させる。配管を圧
力容器外に導かないで含塵ガスを移送することによって
含塵ガスが冷却する恐れがなく、配管が短くて済むので
消費されるエネルギー量（例えば圧縮空気の量）が少な
くて済む。As shown in FIG. 5, the dust-containing gas sucked from the gas suction port 16 may be taken out of the pressure vessel 2 by a pipe, but preferably the dust-containing gas in the upper part of the pressure vessel is piped. Lead to space. As a preferable configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, a pipe provided with an ejector passing through the inside of the dead space 19 is provided, and the dust-containing gas sucked from the suction port 16 is returned to the upper part of the dust-containing gas space by this pipe. By transferring the dust-containing gas without guiding the pipe to the outside of the pressure vessel, there is no risk of cooling the dust-containing gas, and the pipe can be short, so that the amount of energy consumed (for example, the amount of compressed air) can be small.
【００６３】図６において、２２はガスをホッパ７に設
置されたガス吸入口１６から吸い込むためのエゼクタ、
２３はエゼクタを駆動する圧縮空気管、２４は配管、２
５は配管の出口である。エゼクタ２２と配管２４は囲い
１８および仕切り８に囲まれた死空間１９の内部にあ
り、ガス吸入口１６および配管２２はそれぞれ囲い１８
を横切っている。In FIG. 6, 22 is an ejector for sucking gas from the gas suction port 16 installed in the hopper 7,
Reference numeral 23 is a compressed air pipe for driving the ejector, 24 is a pipe, 2
Reference numeral 5 is an outlet of the pipe. The ejector 22 and the pipe 24 are inside the dead space 19 surrounded by the enclosure 18 and the partition 8, and the gas suction port 16 and the pipe 22 are respectively provided in the enclosure 18.
Across.
【００６４】吸入された含塵ガスを圧力容器の内部で循
環する方法は熱損失がなく、配管が低圧配管ですむため
経済的に有利である。The method of circulating the sucked dust-containing gas inside the pressure vessel is economically advantageous because there is no heat loss and only low-pressure piping is required.
【００６５】上記の例ではフィルタ管が収容されている
空間中の流れはいずれも下降流とされているが、本発明
は含塵ガスが上昇流となる除塵装置においても適用は可
能である。In the above example, the flow in the space in which the filter tube is housed is all a downward flow, but the present invention is also applicable to a dust remover in which the dust-containing gas is an upward flow.
【００６６】[0066]
【発明の効果】本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵装置を
石炭を燃料とする加圧流動床ボイラーによる発電プラン
ト等の燃焼排ガスの除塵に使用すれば、燃焼排ガス中に
灰以外に煤のような未燃焼成分が多量に排出されること
があっても、フィルタ管の近傍に多量の塵が滞留するこ
とがないのでフィルタ管を塵中の未燃焼成分の燃焼によ
って過熱し、フィルタを熱応力で損傷することなく安全
に使用できるため、これらクリーンな石炭利用エネルギ
ー技術の本格的な実用化時期を大幅に早められるので、
エネルギー産業に与える影響は多大である。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION When the dust remover for high-temperature pressurized gas according to the present invention is used for dust removal of combustion exhaust gas from a power plant or the like by a pressurized fluidized bed boiler using coal as a fuel, it is possible to obtain soot in the combustion exhaust gas in addition to soot. Even if a large amount of unburned components are discharged, a large amount of dust does not stay near the filter tube, so the filter tube is overheated by the combustion of unburned components in the dust, and the filter is exposed to thermal stress. Since it can be safely used without being damaged by, it is possible to greatly accelerate the time for commercialization of these clean coal-based energy technologies.
The impact on the energy industry is enormous.
【図１】本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の一例を
示す断面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a high temperature pressurized gas dust remover according to the present invention.
【図２】図１のＡ−Ａ断面図。FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
【図３】従来の高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の例を示す断面
図。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional high temperature pressurized gas dust remover.
【図４】本発明による高温加圧ガス用除塵装置の他の例
を示す断面図。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the dust remover for hot pressurized gas according to the present invention.
【図５】図４のＸ−Ｘ断面図。5 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.
【図６】図４と図５に示された実施例において使用され
る含塵ガスを吸い込んで低圧にする手段の例を説明する
部分断面図。FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an example of means for sucking dust-containing gas to lower the pressure, which is used in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
１：除塵装置 ２：圧力容器 ３：フィルタ管 ４：断熱材 ５：管板 ６：ガス導入口 ７：ホッパ ８：仕切り ９：案内筒 １０：清浄ガス出口 １１：逆洗ノズル １２：塵の排出口 １３：清浄ガス室 １４：清浄ガスヘッダ １６：含塵ガス吸入口 １８：囲い １９：死空間 ２０：集合管 ２１：ガス用除塵装置の概念図 ２２：エゼクタ ２３：圧縮空気配管 ２４：配管 ２５：配管出口 1: Dust remover 2: Pressure vessel 3: Filter tube 4: Heat insulating material 5: Tube plate 6: Gas inlet 7: Hopper 8: Partition 9: Guide tube 10: Clean gas outlet 11: Backwash nozzle 12: Dust exhaust Outlet 13: Clean gas chamber 14: Clean gas header 16: Dust-containing gas inlet 18: Enclosure 19: Dead space 20: Collecting pipe 21: Conceptual diagram of gas dust remover 22: Ejector 23: Compressed air pipe 24: Pipe 25: Pipe outlet
Claims (4)
に、管板が概ね水平方向に取り付けられ、管板に設けら
れた複数の穴のそれぞれに有底のフィルタ管の開口端が
固定されて管板の下側に各フィルタ管が概ね垂直に取り
付けられ、各フィルタ管の外側に含塵ガスが流れる空間
を有し、かつ逆洗によりフィルタ機能の再生が行われる
除塵装置であって、フィルタ管とフィルタ管の間を横切
る含塵ガスを垂直方向に流すための概ね垂直な仕切りが
設けられ、かつ含塵ガス空間中の含塵ガスの導入口から
隔たった箇所に含塵ガスを吸い込む吸入口が設けられて
いることを特徴とする高温加圧ガス用除塵装置。1. A pressure vessel having a bottom as a hopper, in which a tube plate is mounted in a substantially horizontal direction, and an open end of a bottomed filter tube is fixed to each of a plurality of holes provided in the tube plate. Each filter tube is installed almost vertically on the lower side of the tube plate, and there is a space in which dust-containing gas flows outside each filter tube, and the filter function is regenerated by backwashing. , A generally vertical partition is provided to vertically pass the dust-containing gas passing between the filter pipes, and the dust-containing gas is separated from the dust-containing gas inlet in the dust-containing gas space. A dust remover for high-temperature pressurized gas, which is provided with a suction port for sucking.
る含塵ガスが上方から下方へと流れる構成となっている
高温加圧ガス用除塵装置。2. The dust remover for high-temperature pressurized gas according to claim 1, wherein the dust-containing gas around the filter tube flows from the upper side to the lower side.
部にある死空間を囲む仕切りが設けられ、死空間内を含
塵ガスが流れないように構成されている高温加圧ガス用
除塵装置。3. The dust remover for high-temperature pressurized gas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a partition surrounding a dead space inside the pressure vessel is provided so that dust-containing gas does not flow in the dead space. ..
塵ガスを吸い込む吸入口が加圧ガスによって作動するエ
ゼクタが組み込まれた配管と接続され、この配管が圧力
容器の内部を通り、吸い込まれた含塵ガスがこの配管を
通って含塵ガスの流れの上流側の空間に送られる構成と
されている高温加圧ガス用除塵装置。4. The suction port according to claim 1, wherein the suction port for sucking the dust-containing gas is connected to a pipe incorporating an ejector operated by a pressurized gas, and the pipe passes through the inside of the pressure vessel. A high-temperature pressurized gas dust remover configured such that the sucked dust-containing gas is sent to the space upstream of the flow of the dust-containing gas through this pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086206A JPH05253426A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1992-03-10 | Dust collector for high temperature pressurized gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086206A JPH05253426A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1992-03-10 | Dust collector for high temperature pressurized gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05253426A true JPH05253426A (en) | 1993-10-05 |
Family
ID=13880306
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086206A Withdrawn JPH05253426A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1992-03-10 | Dust collector for high temperature pressurized gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05253426A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07180826A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method and device for removing unburned carbon in coal ash |
| JP2009142813A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2009-07-02 | Sintokogio Ltd | Dust collector |
| CN109107324A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-01 | 贵州大学 | A kind of inorganic film tube dust-extraction unit |
| CN115318440A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏仕邦柔性电子研究院有限公司 | Filtering equipment for process residual gas for atomic layer deposition equipment |
| CN115487620A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-20 | 浙江艾卡蒙特环保科技有限公司 | Waste gas treatment deodorizing device |
-
1992
- 1992-03-10 JP JP4086206A patent/JPH05253426A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07180826A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method and device for removing unburned carbon in coal ash |
| JP2009142813A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2009-07-02 | Sintokogio Ltd | Dust collector |
| CN109107324A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-01 | 贵州大学 | A kind of inorganic film tube dust-extraction unit |
| CN109107324B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2024-02-09 | 贵州大学 | Inorganic membrane pipe dust collector |
| CN115318440A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏仕邦柔性电子研究院有限公司 | Filtering equipment for process residual gas for atomic layer deposition equipment |
| CN115487620A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-20 | 浙江艾卡蒙特环保科技有限公司 | Waste gas treatment deodorizing device |
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