JPH05151988A - Sealed type lead acid battery - Google Patents
Sealed type lead acid batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05151988A JPH05151988A JP3339603A JP33960391A JPH05151988A JP H05151988 A JPH05151988 A JP H05151988A JP 3339603 A JP3339603 A JP 3339603A JP 33960391 A JP33960391 A JP 33960391A JP H05151988 A JPH05151988 A JP H05151988A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- powder
- electrode plate
- performance
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/08—Selection of materials as electrolytes
- H01M10/10—Immobilising of electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は密閉形鉛蓄電池の改良に
関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved sealed lead acid battery.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術とその課題】電池の充電中に発生する酸素
ガスを負極で吸収させるタイプの密閉形鉛蓄電池にはリ
テーナ式とゲル式の２種類がある。リテーナ式は正極と
負極との間に微細ガラス繊維を主体とするマット状のセ
パレータ（ガラスセパレータ）を挿入し、これによって
放電に必要な硫酸電解液の保持と両極の隔離を行ってお
り、無保守、無漏液、ポジションフリー等の特徴を生か
して、近年、ポータブル機器やコンピュウータのバック
アップ電源として広く用いられている。2. Description of the Related Art There are two types of sealed lead-acid batteries, a retainer type and a gel type, in which a negative electrode absorbs oxygen gas generated during battery charging. The retainer type inserts a mat-shaped separator (glass separator) mainly composed of fine glass fibers between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which holds the sulfuric acid electrolyte necessary for discharge and separates both electrodes. In recent years, it has been widely used as a backup power source for portable devices and computers, taking advantage of its features such as maintenance, no leakage, and position-free.
【０００３】しかし、ガラスセパレータは特殊な方法で
製造される直径１ミクロン前後の微細ガラス繊維を抄造
してマット状としたもので、一般的に用いられる鉛蓄電
池用のセパレータに比べ、かなり高価なことや、安定し
た電池性能を得るために極板群を強く圧迫して組み込ま
なければならないので電池の組立が困難となり、必然的
に電池の製造コストが高くなるという欠点があった。However, the glass separator is made of a fine glass fiber having a diameter of about 1 micron manufactured by a special method into a mat-like shape, which is considerably more expensive than a commonly used separator for a lead storage battery. In addition, in order to obtain stable battery performance, the electrode plate group must be strongly pressed and assembled, which makes it difficult to assemble the battery, which inevitably increases the manufacturing cost of the battery.
【０００４】また、硫酸電解液を保持させることができ
るのは、正、負極板間に挿入したガラスセパレータだけ
であって、開放形の液式鉛蓄電池のように極板群の周囲
に電解液を配置できないので、電池反応が電解液量で制
限され、液式電池よりも電池性能が劣るという欠点があ
った。Further, the sulfuric acid electrolyte can be held only by the glass separator inserted between the positive and negative electrode plates, and the electrolytic solution is placed around the electrode plate group like an open type lead acid battery. Therefore, the battery reaction is limited by the amount of the electrolytic solution, and the battery performance is inferior to that of the liquid battery.
【０００５】一方、ゲル式はリテーナ式よりも安価であ
るが、電池性能がリテーナ式より劣り、使用中に硫酸ゲ
ルから電解液が離しょうするために寿命性能が良くない
という欠点があった。そこでこれらの欠点を解消するた
めに、微細ガラス繊維を用いるリテーナ式でもなく、ゲ
ル状の電解液を用いるゲル式でもない密閉形鉛蓄電池が
提案されている。On the other hand, although the gel type is less expensive than the retainer type, it has a drawback that the battery performance is inferior to the retainer type and the life performance is not good because the electrolytic solution separates from the sulfuric acid gel during use. Therefore, in order to solve these drawbacks, a sealed lead acid battery has been proposed which is neither a retainer type using fine glass fibers nor a gel type using a gel electrolyte.
【０００６】すなわち、電解液保持材として高い多孔度
と大きい比表面積を有する粉体、たとえばシリカ粉体を
使用するもので、正極板と負極板との間隙および極板群
の周囲に上記粉体を充填した構成の密閉形鉛蓄電池であ
る。シリカ粉体は大量に生産、販売されている安価な材
料であり、耐酸性や電解液の保持力も優れているので、
このタイプの密閉形鉛蓄電池の電解液保持材に用いる粉
体として優れた素材であるといえる。That is, a powder having a high porosity and a large specific surface area, for example, silica powder, is used as an electrolyte solution holding material, and the above-mentioned powder is provided in the gap between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate and around the electrode plate group. It is a sealed lead-acid battery with a structure filled with. Silica powder is an inexpensive material that is mass produced and sold, and because it has excellent acid resistance and electrolyte retention,
It can be said that it is an excellent material as a powder used for the electrolyte holding material of this type of sealed lead-acid battery.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、シリカ粉体を
密閉形鉛蓄電池の電解液保持体として用いる場合、シリ
カ粉体の充填密度が電池性能および寿命特性に大きな影
響を及ぼすことが問題になってきた。However, when silica powder is used as an electrolyte holder for a sealed lead-acid battery, there is a problem that the packing density of the silica powder has a great influence on battery performance and life characteristics. Came.
【０００８】シリカ粉体の充填密度が低すぎる場合、シ
リカ粉体二次粒子間に隙間が多くなるために、電解液の
注液時に粉体が凝集しガス溜りが発生したり、電槽化成
を行った際、充電中に発生したガスがガス溜りとして粉
体間に固定されたりして空隙が発生する。このような現
象が起こると極板の反応が不均一になり、安定かつ充分
な電池性能および寿命性能が得られない。また、粉体の
充填密度が高すぎる場合、電池内の空孔が少なくなる
分、電解液の注液量が少なくなり、電池の反応が電解液
量で制限され、充分な電池性能が得られない。If the packing density of the silica powder is too low, the gaps between the secondary particles of the silica powder will be large, and the powder will agglomerate during the injection of the electrolytic solution to cause gas accumulation, and the battery case formation. At the time of carrying out, the gas generated during charging is fixed between the powders as a gas reservoir to generate voids. When such a phenomenon occurs, the reaction of the electrode plate becomes non-uniform, and stable and sufficient battery performance and life performance cannot be obtained. Further, if the packing density of the powder is too high, the number of pores in the battery is reduced, the injection amount of the electrolytic solution is reduced, the reaction of the battery is limited by the electrolytic solution amount, and sufficient battery performance can be obtained. Absent.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、正極板と負極
板との間隙および極板群の周囲に高い多孔度および大き
い比表面積を有する粉体を充填し、電池の充放電に必
要、充分な量の硫酸電解液を実質的にこれらの粉体およ
び極板群に含浸保持させた密閉形鉛蓄電池において、粉
体の充填密度を限定することによって、電池性能および
寿命性能において優れた性能を安定して有する鉛蓄電池
を提供するものである。The present invention fills a gap between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate and the periphery of an electrode plate with powder having high porosity and a large specific surface area, and is necessary for charging and discharging a battery. In a sealed lead-acid battery in which a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid electrolyte is substantially impregnated and held in these powder and electrode plate group, by limiting the packing density of the powder, excellent performance in battery performance and life performance is achieved. The present invention provides a lead-acid battery having a stable condition.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】以下に本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below based on examples.
【００１１】図１は本発明密閉形鉛蓄電池の一実施例を
示す模式図、図２は本発明電池の要部断面模式図で、電
槽１には正極板２、負極板３および隔離体４とで構成さ
れた極板群が挿入され、正極板２と負極板３との間隙お
よび極板群の周囲に耐酸、耐酸化性を持ちかつ高い多孔
度および大きな比表面積を有する粉体５が充填されてい
る。本実施例においてはこの粉体にはシリカ粉体を用い
た。正極板２および負極板３には一般的な鉛ーカルシウ
ム系合金からなる鋳造格子を用いた。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the essential parts of the battery of the present invention. The battery case 1 has a positive electrode plate 2, a negative electrode plate 3 and a separator. 4 is inserted, and the powder 5 having acid resistance, oxidation resistance, high porosity, and large specific surface area around the gap between the positive electrode plate 2 and the negative electrode plate 3 and around the electrode plate group 5 is inserted. Is filled. In this example, silica powder was used as the powder. For the positive electrode plate 2 and the negative electrode plate 3, a casting grid made of a general lead-calcium alloy was used.
【００１２】シリカ粉体の充填密度は、表１に示すよう
に粉体の水分量、充填方法、多孔度を変化させることに
よって調節した。シリカ粉体の多孔度は水分を完全に取
り除いた状態で測定した値である。The packing density of silica powder was adjusted by changing the water content, packing method and porosity of the powder as shown in Table 1. The porosity of the silica powder is a value measured with the water completely removed.
【００１３】電池Ａ〜Ｈは粉体の多孔度を変化させるこ
とによって、電池Ｉ〜Ｎは粉体の水分量を変化させるこ
とによって、電池Ｏ〜Ｑは電池内に粉体を充填する際の
振動機による振動時間を変化させることによって、それ
ぞれ粉体の充填密度を変えたものである。電池Ｉ〜Ｎに
ついては粉体の保存状態が悪く湿気を帯びてしまった場
合を想定して作製した電池である。水分量が３０％の粉
体を用いたものは充填密度が理論値より低くなった。こ
れは、粉体が湿りすぎているためセパレータ、極板、電
槽等に付着し易くなったため粉体が充填しにくくなった
ためと思われる。The batteries A to H change the porosity of the powder, the batteries I to N change the water content of the powder, and the batteries O to Q change the porosity of the powder. The packing density of the powder is changed by changing the vibration time of the vibrator. The batteries I to N are batteries prepared assuming that the powder is not stored well and is moistened. The packing density of the powder having a water content of 30% was lower than the theoretical value. It is considered that this is because the powder was too moist so that it easily adhered to the separator, the electrode plate, the battery case, and the like, which made it difficult to fill the powder.
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 次に作製した密閉形鉛蓄電池の電池試験を行った。容量
試験およびSAE 寿命試験結果を表２に示す。使用した電
池は２７Ａｈ（５ｈＲ)/１２Ｖである。なお、比較のた
めにリテーナ式電池を作製し、同様の試験を行った。[Table 1] Next, a battery test was performed on the produced sealed lead-acid battery. Table 2 shows the results of the capacity test and SAE life test. The battery used is 27Ah (5hR) / 12V. For comparison, a retainer battery was manufactured and the same test was conducted.
【００１５】[0015]
【表２】 表２より充填密度が０．２０〜０．３０ｇ／cm3 電池
（電池Ｂ〜Ｅ，Ｑ）はすべてリテーナ式とほぼ同等かそ
れを上回る電池性能を示し、寿命性能においてはリテー
ナ式電池のそれをはるかに上回った。充填密度が０．２
０ｇ／cm3 より低い電池（電池Ａ，Ｏ，Ｐ）および充填
密度が０．２８ｇ／cm3 より高い電池（電池Ｆ，Ｇ，
Ｈ）は電池性能および寿命性能がリテーナ式を下回っ
た。[Table 2] From Table 2, all of the batteries having a packing density of 0.20 to 0.30 g / cm 3 (Batteries B to E and Q) show the battery performance which is almost equal to or higher than that of the retainer type, and the life performance of that of the retainer type battery. Far exceeded. Packing density is 0.2
0 g / cm 3 lower than cell (cell A, O, P) and packing density higher than 0.28 g / cm 3 batteries (batteries F, G,
In H), the battery performance and life performance were lower than those of the retainer type.
【００１６】電池Ａ，Ｐについては電槽化成時にガス溜
りによる空隙が発生していた。また電池Ｏは注液時に粉
体が凝集してしまい、ガス溜りが発生していた。With respect to the batteries A and P, voids were generated due to gas accumulation during formation of the battery case. Further, in the battery O, powder was aggregated at the time of injecting the liquid, and a gas pool was generated.
【００１７】充填密度が０．２０ｇ／cm3 より低い電池
は、これらのことが原因で電池性能および寿命性能が悪
くなったと考えられる。また、電池Ｆ，Ｇ，Ｈについて
は電解液が必要量注液できなかったために電池反応が電
解液量で制限され、充分な電池性能が得られなくなった
と考えられる。また、寿命性能が悪くなった原因につい
ては電解液量が必要量注液されていないために充電時に
水が分解してしまった分だんだん電池内の粉体が乾燥し
てしまい電解液が絶対的に足らなくなった状態、いわゆ
るドライアップと言われる状態となったものと考えられ
る。It is considered that the battery performance and life performance of the battery having a packing density lower than 0.20 g / cm 3 are deteriorated due to these factors. It is also considered that the batteries F, G, and H could not be injected with the required amount of the electrolytic solution, so the battery reaction was limited by the amount of the electrolytic solution, and sufficient battery performance could not be obtained. Regarding the cause of poor life performance, the required amount of electrolyte was not injected, so the water in the battery was decomposed during charging and the powder in the battery gradually dried and the electrolyte was absolutely It is considered that the condition has become insufficient, so-called dry-up.
【００１８】表３に粉体の水分量を変えた電池の充填密
度と０．２Ｃ放電時間、SAE 寿命試験結果を示す。Table 3 shows the packing density, 0.2 C discharge time, and SAE life test results of the batteries having different powder water contents.
【００１９】[0019]
【表３】 電池Ｉを除いて、寿命性能は満足する結果が得られたが
電池性能は水分量１２％の粉体を用いた電池に比べると
低くなった。これは、水分量１２％の粉体を用いた電池
と同一比重の硫酸を注液したため粉体の水分量が多い分
電解液の比重が下がってしまったことが原因として考え
られる。そこで注液比重を電池内での電解液比重が１．
３００になるように調節し、電池を作製したところ電池
Ｊ〜Ｏの電池は良好な電池性能を示した。[Table 3] Except for the battery I, the result that the life performance was satisfied was obtained, but the battery performance was lower than that of the battery using the powder having the water content of 12%. It is considered that this is because the sulfuric acid having the same specific gravity as that of the battery using the powder having the water content of 12% was injected, and the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution was lowered due to the large water content of the powder. Therefore, the specific gravity of the electrolyte is 1.
When batteries were prepared by adjusting to 300, the batteries of batteries J to O showed good battery performance.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、
正極板と負極板の間隙および極板群の周囲に高い多孔度
および大きい比表面積を有する粉体を充填し、電池の充
放電に必要、充分な量の硫酸電解液を実質的に該粉体お
よび極板群に含浸保持させた密閉形鉛蓄電池において、
粉体の充填密度を限定することにより、電池性能および
寿命性能の優れた性能を有する鉛蓄電池を安定して提供
することができ、工業的価値は非常に大きい。As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
A powder having a high porosity and a large specific surface area is filled in the gap between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate and around the electrode plate group, and a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid electrolytic solution necessary for charging and discharging the battery is substantially added to the powder. And in a sealed lead-acid battery impregnated and held in the electrode plate group,
By limiting the packing density of the powder, a lead storage battery having excellent battery performance and life performance can be stably provided, and its industrial value is very large.
【図１】本発明密閉形鉛蓄電池の一実施例を示す模式図FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention.
【図２】本発明密閉形鉛蓄電池の要部断面模式図FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a main part of the sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention.
１ 電槽 ２ 正極板 ３ 負極板 ４ 隔離体 ５ 粉体 1 battery case 2 positive electrode plate 3 negative electrode plate 4 separator 5 powder
Claims (1)
周囲に耐酸、耐酸化性が高くかつ高い多孔度と大きい比
表面積を有する粉体を充填し、電池の充放電に必要、充
分な量の硫酸電解液を実質的に該粉体および極板群に含
浸保持させた密閉形鉛蓄電池において、該粉体の充填密
度を０．２０〜０．３０ｇ／cm3としたことを特徴とす
る密閉形鉛蓄電池。1. A powder required for charging and discharging a battery is filled in a space between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate and around the electrode plate with a powder having high acid resistance and oxidation resistance, high porosity and a large specific surface area, In a sealed lead-acid battery in which a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid electrolyte is substantially impregnated and held in the powder and the electrode plate group, the packing density of the powder is set to 0.20 to 0.30 g / cm 3. Characteristic sealed lead acid battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3339603A JPH05151988A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Sealed type lead acid battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3339603A JPH05151988A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Sealed type lead acid battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05151988A true JPH05151988A (en) | 1993-06-18 |
Family
ID=18329051
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3339603A Pending JPH05151988A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Sealed type lead acid battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05151988A (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-11-27 JP JP3339603A patent/JPH05151988A/en active Pending
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