JPH05132522A - Production of optical material - Google Patents

Production of optical material

Info

Publication number
JPH05132522A
JPH05132522A JP10300992A JP10300992A JPH05132522A JP H05132522 A JPH05132522 A JP H05132522A JP 10300992 A JP10300992 A JP 10300992A JP 10300992 A JP10300992 A JP 10300992A JP H05132522 A JPH05132522 A JP H05132522A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optical material
polymerization initiator
weight
fumarate
refractive index
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP10300992A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takashige Murata
敬重 村田
Yasuyoshi Koinuma
康美 鯉沼
Naoyuki Amaya
直之 天谷
Takayuki Otsu
隆行 大津
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOF Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Priority to JP10300992A priority Critical patent/JPH05132522A/en
Publication of JPH05132522A publication Critical patent/JPH05132522A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an optical material having excellent heat resistance, weathering resistance, mold release performance, etc., high refractive index and low shrinkage by adding a specified polymerization initiator to a monomer mixture based on a fumaric diester. CONSTITUTION:The objective optical material is obtained by adding an organic peroxide (e.g. benzoyl peroxide) or an azo compound (e.g. azobisisobutyronitrile) having a selected 10hr half-life temperature of 100 deg.C or below as a polymerization initiator to a monomer mixture based on a fumaric diester of the formula (wherein R1 and R2 are each 1-12C alkyl or 3-12C cycloalkyl) (e.g. dimethyl fumarate), pouring the resulting mixture into a desired mold and curing the mixture by heating. According to this process, an optical material having excellent heat resistance and weathering resistance, a markedly improved refractive index, low shrinkage during processing, and excellent mold release performance as compared with conventional optical materials can easily be produced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、特殊なフマル酸ジエス
テルの重合物あるいは当該共重合体からなる光学材料の
製造法に関し、さらに詳しくは、耐熱性、高屈折率、低
収縮性、耐候性、離型性等に優れた光学材料の製造法に
関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing an optical material comprising a special polymer of fumaric acid diester or a copolymer thereof, more specifically, heat resistance, high refractive index, low shrinkage and weather resistance. , A method of manufacturing an optical material having excellent mold releasability.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、プラスチック素材は、その有
する透明性、軽量、安全性、加工性等の優れた特性を生
かし無機ガラスの代替品として使われてきている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a plastic material has been used as a substitute for an inorganic glass by taking advantage of its excellent properties such as transparency, light weight, safety and workability.

【0003】その代表的なものとして、ポリメチルメタ
クリレート、ポリシクロヘキシルメタクリレート、ポリ
ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート、および
ポリスチレン等が挙げられる。
Typical examples thereof include polymethyl methacrylate, polycyclohexyl methacrylate, polydiethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, polystyrene and the like.

【0004】これらプラスチック素材は、無機ガラスに
比して耐傷性、屈折率、耐熱性等において劣っている点
もあるが、前述の優れた特性を生かし広く光学分野で使
用されている。しかし、例えばポリメチルメタクリレー
ト、ポリシクロヘキシルメタクリレートおよびポリジエ
チレングリコールビスアリルカーボネートでは、屈折率
がnD=1.49〜1.50程度と低いため、レンズに
成型した場合無機ガラスに比してかなり厚いものが要求
され、注型成型においてはその熱硬化時の収縮率が10
〜20%と著しく大きいため成型にかなり高度な技術が
必要である他、耐熱性に劣るなどの欠点があった。
Although these plastic materials are inferior in scratch resistance, refractive index, heat resistance and the like to inorganic glass, they are widely used in the optical field by taking advantage of the above-mentioned excellent characteristics. However, for example, polymethylmethacrylate, polycyclohexylmethacrylate, and polydiethyleneglycolbisallylcarbonate have a low refractive index of about nD = 1.49 to 1.50, and therefore when molded into a lens, they are considerably thicker than inorganic glass. Required for casting, the shrinkage rate during thermosetting is 10
Since it is remarkably large at up to 20%, it requires a considerably high level of technology for molding, and also has the drawback of being inferior in heat resistance.

【0005】また、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネートで
は屈折率に関してはnD=1.59程度と高いものの、
耐候性、耐薬品性、耐熱性に欠点を有しており、成型法
については射出成型等の溶融成型によるものが多く、多
種品目生産に有用な注型成型法に適さないなどの欠点が
あった。
Further, although polystyrene and polycarbonate have a high refractive index of about nD = 1.59,
It has weaknesses in weather resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, and many molding methods are by melt molding such as injection molding, which is not suitable for the casting molding method useful for the production of various items. It was

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、耐熱
性、耐候性に優れ、屈折率も大巾に改善され、さらに加
工時の低収縮性、型との離型性にも優れる光学材料を、
容易に製造することが可能な光学用樹脂の製造法を提供
することにある。
The object of the present invention is to provide an optical system which is excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance, has a greatly improved refractive index, has low shrinkage during processing, and is excellent in mold releasability. Material
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an optical resin that can be easily produced.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によれば、一般式
化2
According to the present invention, the general formula 2

【0008】[0008]

【化2】 [Chemical 2]

【0009】(式中R1及びR2は、炭素数1〜12のア
ルキル基又は炭素数3〜12のシクロアルキル基をそれ
ぞれ示す)で示されるフマル酸ジエステルを主成分とす
る原料モノマーに、重合開始剤として選定10時間半減
期温度が100℃以下の有機過酸化物またはアゾ化合物
を配合し、所定の型内に注入して加熱硬化させることを
特徴とする光学材料の製造法が提供される。
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) Provided is a method for producing an optical material, which comprises blending an organic peroxide or an azo compound having a selected 10-hour half-life temperature of 100 ° C. or less as a polymerization initiator, injecting the mixture into a predetermined mold, and curing by heating. It

【0010】本発明に用いる前記一般式化2で示される
フマル酸ジエステルとしては、ジメチルフマレート、ジ
エチルフマレート、ジイソプロピルフマレート、ジター
シャリーブチルフマレート、ジセカンダリーブチルフマ
レート、ジシクロペンチルフマレート、ジシクロヘキシ
ルフマレート、ジシクロヘプチルフマレート、イソプロ
ピル−メチルフマレート、メチル−ターシャリーブチル
フマレート、イソプロピル−シクロヘキシルフマレート
などが挙げられるが、式中のR1,R2のアルキル鎖の少
なくとも一方が、かさ高い枝分れ構造であることが好ま
しく、さらに好ましくは、R1,R2のアルキル鎖の少な
くとも一つがシクロアルキル基を有するフマル酸ジエス
テルである。
The fumaric acid diester represented by the general formula 2 used in the present invention includes dimethyl fumarate, diethyl fumarate, diisopropyl fumarate, ditertiary butyl fumarate, di-secondary butyl fumarate, dicyclopentyl fumarate, Examples thereof include dicyclohexyl fumarate, dicycloheptyl fumarate, isopropyl-methyl fumarate, methyl-tert-butyl fumarate, and isopropyl-cyclohexyl fumarate, where at least one of R 1 and R 2 in the formula is an alkyl chain. It is preferably a bulky branched structure, more preferably a fumaric acid diester in which at least one of the alkyl chains of R 1 and R 2 has a cycloalkyl group.

【0011】本発明の製造法において用いる原料モノマ
ーとしては、上記フマル酸ジエステルの他に、アリル基
を有する架橋性モノマーの1種あるいは2種以上を用い
ることも可能である。
As the raw material monomer used in the production method of the present invention, one or more kinds of crosslinkable monomers having an allyl group can be used in addition to the fumaric acid diester.

【0012】アリル基を有する架橋性モノマーとして
は、ジアリルフマレート、ジアリルマレート、ジアリル
フタレート、アリルアクリレート、アリルメタクリレー
ト、ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート等が
挙げられる。この場合フマル酸ジエステル(A)に対す
るアリル基を有する架橋性モノマー(B)の共重合組成
比としては、任意の組成比で実施可能であるが、好まし
くはA/B(重量比)99/1〜10/90の範囲であ
り(B)が多くなると収縮率が大きくなる傾向となる。
Examples of the crosslinkable monomer having an allyl group include diallyl fumarate, diallyl malate, diallyl phthalate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate and diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate. In this case, the copolymerization composition ratio of the crosslinkable monomer (B) having an allyl group to the fumaric acid diester (A) may be any composition ratio, but preferably A / B (weight ratio) 99/1. It is in the range of 10/90, and the shrinkage ratio tends to increase as the amount of (B) increases.

【0013】さらに、原料モノマーとして上記フマル酸
ジエステルの他に、ラジカル重合性ビニルモノマーの1
種あるいは2種以上を使用することも可能である。この
場合のラジカル重合性ビニルモノマーとしてはスチレ
ン、p−メチルスチレン、p−クロルスチレンジビニル
ベンゼン等の芳香族ビニル化合物、メチルメタクリレー
ト、ブチルメタクリレート等のアルキルメタクリレー
ト、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート等のアル
キルアクリレート、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等
のカルボン酸ビニル、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニ
トリル等が挙げられる。フマル酸ジエステル(A)に対
するラジカル重合性ビニルモノマー(C)の共重合組成
比としてはA/C(重量比)95/5〜70/30の範
囲が好ましい。
Further, in addition to the fumaric acid diester as a raw material monomer, one of radical polymerizable vinyl monomers is used.
It is also possible to use one species or two or more species. In this case, as the radically polymerizable vinyl monomer, aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, p-methylstyrene and p-chlorostyrenedivinylbenzene, alkyl methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, Examples thereof include vinyl acetate, vinyl carboxylate such as vinyl propionate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and the like. The copolymerization composition ratio of the radically polymerizable vinyl monomer (C) to the fumaric acid diester (A) is preferably in the range of A / C (weight ratio) 95/5 to 70/30.

【0014】さらに本発明の製造法では、原料モノマー
として、前記フマル酸ジエステル(A)、アリル基を有
する架橋性モノマー(B)、ラジカル重合性ビニルモノ
マー(C)の異なる3つの群から選ばれるモノマーを使
用することもできる。その共重合組成比としてはA95
〜10、B90〜5、C30〜5の重量%の範囲が好ま
しい。
Further, in the production method of the present invention, the raw material monomer is selected from three different groups of the fumaric acid diester (A), the crosslinkable monomer having an allyl group (B) and the radical polymerizable vinyl monomer (C). It is also possible to use monomers. The copolymer composition ratio is A95.
-10, B90-5, C30-5 weight% range is preferable.

【0015】本発明の製造法において、重合させる際に
用いられる重合開始剤としては、選定10時間半減期温
度が100℃以下の有機過酸化物ないしアゾ化合物の1
種ないし2種以上が使用される。その例として、過酸化
ベンゾイル、ジイソプロピルペルオキシジカーボネー
ト、ターシャリーブチルペルオキシピバレート、ターシ
ャリーブチルペルオキシネオデカノエート、ターシャリ
ーブチルペルオキシジイソブチレート、アゾビスイソブ
チルニトリル等が挙げられる。重合開始剤の使用量とし
ては原料モノマー総重量に対して10重量%以下が好ま
しく、さらに好ましくは5重量%以下である。
In the production method of the present invention, the polymerization initiator used in the polymerization is selected from organic peroxides or azo compounds having a selected 10-hour half-life temperature of 100 ° C. or less.
One kind or two or more kinds are used. Examples thereof include benzoyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, tertiary butyl peroxypivalate, tertiary butyl peroxy neodecanoate, tertiary butyl peroxydiisobutyrate, azobisisobutyl nitrile and the like. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the raw material monomers.

【0016】本発明の製造法において、前記重合あるい
は共重合により光学材料を得るには、当該原料モノマー
に重合開始剤を加えた配合物を直接所望の型内に仕込
み、系を加熱硬化させる方法が好ましく、重合あるいは
共重合させた後の加工は適さない。この場合、適時、重
合系を不活性ガス例えば、窒素、二酸化炭素、ヘリウム
等で置換ないし、雰囲気下にすることが望ましい。ま
た、原料モノマーに重合開始剤を添加後、所定の温度下
(10〜60℃)で前もって若干重合あるいは共重合さ
せておいた後、所望の型内に仕込み、加熱硬化させて重
合を完結させる方法を取ることも可能である。
In the production method of the present invention, in order to obtain an optical material by the above-mentioned polymerization or copolymerization, a compound obtained by adding a polymerization initiator to the raw material monomer is directly charged into a desired mold and the system is heat-cured. However, the processing after polymerization or copolymerization is not suitable. In this case, it is desirable to replace the polymerization system with an inert gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium or the like at appropriate times. Also, after adding the polymerization initiator to the raw material monomers, they are slightly polymerized or copolymerized at a predetermined temperature (10 to 60 ° C.) in advance, then charged into a desired mold and heat-cured to complete the polymerization. It is also possible to take a method.

【0017】なお、前記、加熱硬化させる場合の温度と
しては、使用する重合開始剤により異なるが30〜10
0℃の範囲が好ましく、特に使用重合開始剤の10時間
半減温度程度がさらに好ましい。また、硬化時間の短
縮、未反応モノマー、重合開始剤の処理を目的に適時、
硬化温度を昇温させることも可能である。この場合、硬
化に要する全時間としては10〜48時間程度である。
The temperature for the above-mentioned heat curing varies depending on the polymerization initiator used, but is 30 to 10
The range of 0 ° C. is preferable, and the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator used is particularly preferable. Also, for the purpose of shortening the curing time, treating unreacted monomers and polymerization initiators,
It is also possible to raise the curing temperature. In this case, the total time required for curing is about 10 to 48 hours.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】本発明の製造法では、従来の光学材料に
比して、耐熱性、耐候性に優れ、屈折率も大巾に改善さ
れ、さらに加工時の低収縮性、型との離型性にも優れる
光学材料を、容易に製造することができ、得られる光学
材料は、プラスチックレンズ、プリズム、光ファイバー
等に応用できる。
According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the heat resistance and the weather resistance are superior to those of the conventional optical materials, the refractive index is greatly improved, and the low shrinkage property at the time of processing and the separation from the mold. An optical material having excellent moldability can be easily produced, and the obtained optical material can be applied to plastic lenses, prisms, optical fibers and the like.

【0019】[0019]

【実施例】以下に本発明を実施例により詳細に説明する
が実施例によって本発明が制限されるものでない。
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

【0020】[0020]

【実施例1】40℃に保温したジシクロヘキシルフマレ
ート100重量部に重合開始剤としてジイソプロピルパ
ーオキシジカーボネート2.5重量部および過酸化ベン
ゾイル2.5重量部を仕込み、この混合液を、2枚の2
0cm×20cm硬質ガラス板とシリコンゴムパッキン
で構成された型内に流し込み、窒素雰囲気下40℃のオ
ーブン中に24時間保持した。その後80℃で4時間、
さらに120℃で2時間保持し硬化を完了させた。得ら
れた材料の特性を表1に示した。
Example 1 100 parts by weight of dicyclohexyl fumarate kept at 40 ° C. were charged with 2.5 parts by weight of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate and 2.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator, and 2 parts of this mixed solution were added. Of 2
It was poured into a mold composed of a 0 cm × 20 cm hard glass plate and a silicone rubber packing, and kept in an oven at 40 ° C. for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then at 80 ℃ for 4 hours,
Further, it was kept at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to complete the curing. The characteristics of the obtained material are shown in Table 1.

【0021】なお、硬化後の収縮率は、ガラス板に指標
された目盛りより、重合前と重合後の線収縮の変化より
次式に従って算出した。
The shrinkage rate after curing was calculated according to the following formula from the change in linear shrinkage before and after polymerization on the scale marked on the glass plate.

【0022】 [(重合前の長さ)−(重合後の長さ)]/(重合前の長さ) 屈折率はアッベ屈折計により測定し、耐熱性は、動的粘
弾性測定によるガラス転移温度より、耐候性はサンシャ
インウエザオメーター促進試験により400時間で材料
の黄変、失透、割れが認められないものを合格とした。
離型性は硬化後重合物が無理なくガラス面より離型する
ものを合格とした。
[(Length Before Polymerization)-(Length After Polymerization)] / (Length Before Polymerization) The refractive index was measured by an Abbe refractometer, and the heat resistance was determined by dynamic viscoelasticity glass transition. From the temperature, the weather resistance was judged to be acceptable when no yellowing, devitrification or cracking of the material was observed in 400 hours by the sunshine weatherometer acceleration test.
The mold releasability was determined to be acceptable when the polymer released from the glass surface without difficulty after curing.

【0023】[0023]

【実施例2】ジシクロペンチルフマレート80重量部、
ジアリルフマレート20重量部に重合開始剤として、タ
ーシャリーブチルペルオキシピバレート3重量部を用
い、50℃で24時間重合させた以外は実施例1と全く
同様に行なった。
Example 2 80 parts by weight of dicyclopentyl fumarate,
The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 20 parts by weight of diallyl fumarate and 3 parts by weight of tertiary butyl peroxypivalate were used as a polymerization initiator, and the polymerization was carried out at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.

【0024】[0024]

【実施例3】ジシクロヘキシルフマレート70重量部、
ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート30重量
部に重合開始剤としてジイソプロピルパーオキシジカー
ボネート3重量部を用いた以外実施例1と全く同様に行
なった。
Example 3 70 parts by weight of dicyclohexyl fumarate,
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 30 parts by weight of diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate and 3 parts by weight of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate were used as a polymerization initiator.

【0025】[0025]

【実施例4】イソプロピルシクロヘキシルフマレート8
0重量部、スチレン20重量部に重合開始剤として、ジ
イソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート3重量部を用い
た以外実施例1と全く同様に行なった。
Example 4 Isopropylcyclohexyl fumarate 8
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 0 part by weight, 20 parts by weight of styrene, and 3 parts by weight of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate were used as a polymerization initiator.

【0026】[0026]

【実施例5】ジシクロヘキシルフマレート60重量部、
ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート30重量
部、メチルメタクリレート10重量部に重合開始剤とし
てターシャリ−ブチルペルオキシネオデカノエート3重
量部を加え、45℃で24時間重合させた以外は実施例
1と全く同様に行なった。
Example 5 60 parts by weight of dicyclohexyl fumarate,
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 30 parts by weight of diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate and 10 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate were mixed with 3 parts by weight of tert-butyl peroxyneodecanoate as a polymerization initiator and polymerized at 45 ° C. for 24 hours. It was

【0027】[0027]

【比較例1〜3】スチレン、メチルメタクリレート、ジ
エチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネートの各々単独
モノマー100重量部に重合開始剤としてジイソプロピ
ルパーオキシジカーボネート3重量部を加え、実施例1
と全く同様に重合を行い比較例とした。
[Comparative Examples 1 to 3] 3 parts by weight of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate as a polymerization initiator was added to 100 parts by weight of each monomer of styrene, methyl methacrylate and diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, and Example 1 was added.
Polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Comparative Example.

【0028】以上の結果を表1に示す。The above results are shown in Table 1.

【0029】[0029]

【表1】 [Table 1]

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 一般式化1 【化1】 (式中R1及びR2は、炭素数1〜12のアルキル基又は
炭素数3〜12のシクロアルキル基をそれぞれ示す)で
示されるフマル酸ジエステルを主成分とする原料モノマ
ーに、重合開始剤として選定10時間半減期温度が10
0℃以下の有機過酸化物またはアゾ化合物を配合し、所
定の型内に注入して加熱硬化させることを特徴とする光
学材料の製造法。
1. A general formula 1 (Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively), and a polymerization initiator is added to a raw material monomer containing a fumaric acid diester as a main component. Selected as 10 hours half-life temperature is 10
A method for producing an optical material, which comprises blending an organic peroxide or an azo compound at 0 ° C. or lower, injecting the mixture into a predetermined mold, and curing by heating.
JP10300992A 1992-04-22 1992-04-22 Production of optical material Pending JPH05132522A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10300992A JPH05132522A (en) 1992-04-22 1992-04-22 Production of optical material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10300992A JPH05132522A (en) 1992-04-22 1992-04-22 Production of optical material

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14864584A Division JPS6128513A (en) 1984-07-19 1984-07-19 Optical resin and its production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05132522A true JPH05132522A (en) 1993-05-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10300992A Pending JPH05132522A (en) 1992-04-22 1992-04-22 Production of optical material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05132522A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030073312A (en) * 2002-03-09 2003-09-19 서동학 Fluorinated or/and Chlorinated Fumaric Monomers, their Polymers and Copolymers for Optical Communuications

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58201814A (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-24 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Synthesis of novel copolymer
JPS59117513A (en) * 1982-12-25 1984-07-06 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Novel copolymer of styrene

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58201814A (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-24 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Synthesis of novel copolymer
JPS59117513A (en) * 1982-12-25 1984-07-06 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Novel copolymer of styrene

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030073312A (en) * 2002-03-09 2003-09-19 서동학 Fluorinated or/and Chlorinated Fumaric Monomers, their Polymers and Copolymers for Optical Communuications

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