JPH0473788B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0473788B2
JPH0473788B2 JP58195609A JP19560983A JPH0473788B2 JP H0473788 B2 JPH0473788 B2 JP H0473788B2 JP 58195609 A JP58195609 A JP 58195609A JP 19560983 A JP19560983 A JP 19560983A JP H0473788 B2 JPH0473788 B2 JP H0473788B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
magnetic
carrier
image
developing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP58195609A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6087345A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP58195609A priority Critical patent/JPS6087345A/en
Publication of JPS6087345A publication Critical patent/JPS6087345A/en
Publication of JPH0473788B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0473788B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/06Developing
    • G03G13/08Developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、潜像保持体面上に形成された静電潜
像を現像する方法、特にトナー担持体上に薄くて
均一な絶縁性非磁性トナー層を形成して現像する
方法に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of a latent image carrier, and particularly a method for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a toner carrier by forming a thin and uniform insulating nonmagnetic toner layer on a toner carrier. It's about how to do it.

従来、一成分系非磁性もしくは磁性の弱いトナ
ーを用いて現像する方法としては、以下のものが
知られている。
Conventionally, the following methods are known as developing methods using one-component nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic toners.

例えば、潜像保持体に、表面に現像剤を保持し
た現像剤担持体を対向させて、その保持体表面上
の静電像を現像する静電像現像方法において、現
像剤貯蔵手段に蓄えられた現像剤担持体下の現像
剤を現像剤担持体上に汲み上げるに当たり、その
汲み上げ部分の現像剤に振動を与えて活性化さ
せ、現像剤担持体表面に所定の厚さの現像剤層を
形成して現像に供する現像方法がある。
For example, in an electrostatic image development method in which a developer carrier holding a developer on its surface is opposed to a latent image carrier to develop an electrostatic image on the surface of the carrier, the developer is stored in a developer storage means. When the developer under the developer carrier is pumped up onto the developer carrier, vibration is applied to the developer in the pumped-up portion to activate it and form a developer layer of a predetermined thickness on the surface of the developer carrier. There is a developing method in which the film is then subjected to development.

また、一成分系非磁性トナー粒子を帯電するた
めの磁性キヤリアを吸着して磁気ブラシを形成す
る回転可能な磁気ローラーと、該ローラーのトナ
ー粒子を移し取り、静電像保持体上の静電像を現
像するための現像ローラーを有し、現像部に於い
て静電像保持体と現像ローラーとの間〓を保ち、
該間〓長は現像ローラー上のトナー塗布層厚より
も大きく設定し、静電像を現像する方法がある。
In addition, there is a rotatable magnetic roller that adsorbs a magnetic carrier to charge the one-component non-magnetic toner particles to form a magnetic brush, and a rotatable magnetic roller that transfers the toner particles of the roller and charges the electrostatic image carrier on the electrostatic image carrier. It has a developing roller for developing an image, maintains a distance between the electrostatic image holder and the developing roller in the developing section,
There is a method in which the length is set larger than the thickness of the toner coating layer on the developing roller and the electrostatic image is developed.

また、現像剤を担持して搬送し潜像保持体に供
給する可動現像剤担持手段と、現像剤補給手段
と、この現像剤補給手段から現像剤の補給を受け
上記可動現像剤担持手段に現像剤を塗布する可動
塗布手段であつて、表面に現像剤を担持する繊維
ブラシを有し、上記可動現像剤担持手段に当接し
てこの当接部に於いて可動現像剤担持手段と同方
向に可動現像剤担持手段よりも高速で移動する可
動塗布手段で上記可動現像剤担持手段表面にトナ
ーを均一に塗布し、この塗布層を静電潜像部に近
接させることにより現像を行う方法がある。
The movable developer carrying means carries and conveys the developer and supplies it to the latent image holding member, the developer replenishing means, and the movable developer carrying means receives the developer from the developer replenishing means and develops the image on the movable developer carrying means. A movable applicator for applying a developer, which has a fiber brush that carries a developer on its surface, contacts the movable developer carrier, and moves in the same direction as the movable developer carrier at this abutting portion. There is a method in which toner is uniformly applied to the surface of the movable developer carrying means using a movable coating means that moves at a higher speed than the movable developer carrying means, and development is carried out by bringing this coated layer close to the electrostatic latent image area. .

これらの方法は従来の一成分トナーを用いた現
像方法に比べて、トナー担持体にトナーを塗布す
るときに強い圧力がかけられるためにトナーの摩
擦帯電電荷量が高くなりやすく、現像時間と共に
摩擦帯電電荷量が上昇しそれに伴い得られるコピ
ーの画像濃度が時間と共に変化してしまい、コピ
ー品質が一定に保たれないという欠点を有してい
る。
Compared to conventional developing methods using one-component toner, these methods apply strong pressure when applying the toner to the toner carrier, which tends to increase the amount of triboelectric charge on the toner, and the friction increases with development time. This method has the drawback that the image density of the resulting copy changes over time as the amount of electrical charge increases, and the quality of the copy cannot be kept constant.

また、これらの方法は絶縁性非磁性もしくは弱
い磁性を有するトナーを現像部において主に非磁
気力により担持体上に担持し、現像する方法であ
つて、これら方法では現像部周辺においてトナー
担持体上にトナーを担持させる力として主に静電
気的引力及び物理的付着力が支配的であり、その
点、磁性力及び静電気力等によつて担持体上にト
ナーを担持させる従来の絶縁性磁性トナーを用い
る現像方法に比べて種々の問題点が生じる。例え
ば多くのトナーが担持体上に比較的薄く均一に塗
布されない現像が生じる。さらに例えば比較的均
一に塗布されていても非画像部にトナーが付着す
るいわゆる地カブリが生じる。さらに薄く均一に
塗布されていても画像部におけるトナー付着量が
不足し、濃度の低い画像が生じる。さらに多くの
トナーは薄く均一に塗布されていても忠実性が低
く低解像力の極めて貧弱な画像を生じることがあ
る。さらに多くのトナーは繰り返し使用していく
と画像濃度の低下や低品質の画像を生じる。さら
に多くのトナーは、高温高湿や低温低湿などの環
境変化に対してある時は画像濃度の低下をまねい
たり又はある時は地カブリを生じたりするという
ような問題点を有していた。
In addition, these methods are methods in which insulating non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toner is supported on a carrier mainly by non-magnetic force in a developing section and developed. The forces that cause the toner to be supported on the carrier are mainly electrostatic attraction and physical adhesion, and in this respect, conventional insulating magnetic toner that supports the toner on the carrier by magnetic force, electrostatic force, etc. Various problems arise compared to the developing method using . For example, many toners are developed in a relatively thin and uneven manner onto the carrier. Furthermore, for example, even if the toner is applied relatively uniformly, so-called background fog occurs in which toner adheres to non-image areas. Furthermore, even if the toner is applied thinly and uniformly, the amount of toner adhering to the image area is insufficient, resulting in an image with low density. Additionally, many toners, even when applied thinly and evenly, can produce very poor images with low fidelity and low resolution. Furthermore, repeated use of a large amount of toner results in decreased image density and poor quality images. Furthermore, many toners have the problem of sometimes causing a decrease in image density or sometimes causing background fog due to environmental changes such as high temperature and high humidity or low temperature and low humidity.

また一成分磁性トナーを使用する現像方法にお
いては磁性トナー粒子内に磁性粉体を多量に含ん
でいるために、非磁性もしくは弱い磁性を有する
トナーに比して高価となるばかりでなく、美しい
色のカラー化は困難であつた。
In addition, in the development method using one-component magnetic toner, since the magnetic toner particles contain a large amount of magnetic powder, they are not only more expensive than toners that are non-magnetic or weakly magnetic, but also produce beautiful colors. Colorization was difficult.

本発明の目的は、以上のような問題点を改良し
た絶縁性非磁性もしくは弱い磁性を有するトナー
を使用する新規な現像方法を提供することにあ
る。すなわち、本発明の目的は、忠実性が高く画
質の安定した現像方法を提供することである。さ
らには、地カブリ現像を除去し、画像部には均一
で濃度が十分な高解像力画像を与える現像方法を
提供することである。
An object of the present invention is to provide a new developing method using an insulating non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toner which solves the above-mentioned problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a developing method with high fidelity and stable image quality. Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method that eliminates background fog development and provides a high-resolution image that is uniform and has sufficient density in the image area.

本発明の他の目的は、連続使用特性等の耐久性
に優れた絶縁性非磁性トナー使用の現像方法を提
供することである。
Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method using an insulating non-magnetic toner that has excellent durability such as continuous use characteristics.

本発明の他の目的は、高温高湿や低温低湿など
の環境変化に対しても安定である絶縁性非磁性ト
ナー使用の現像方法を提供することである。
Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method using an insulating nonmagnetic toner that is stable against environmental changes such as high temperature and high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity.

本発明の他の目的は鮮明な色相を有する画像を
与える現像方法を提供することにある。
Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method that provides images with sharp hues.

具体的には、本発明は、静電像を表面に保持す
る静電像保持体と、非磁性トナーを表面に担持し
搬送するためのトナー担持体とを現像部において
一定の間〓を設けて配置し、トナー塗布用磁性粒
子と、体積平均粒径が10〜20μm、体積分布で
5.04〜20.2μmが50%以上である真比重1.2以下の
非磁性トナーとを貯蔵する現像剤容器を前記トナ
ー担持体上に配置し、前記現像剤容器のトナー出
口の上流側に前記トナー担持体と接触するように
トナー塗布用磁性粒子による磁気ブラシを形成す
るための固定磁石を前記トナー担持体の内側に配
置し、前記トナー担持体の回動にともなつて前記
トナー塗布用磁性粒子を前記現像剤容器内で循環
させることにより、前記非磁性トナーを取り込み
ながら前記トナー担持体上に前記非磁性トナーの
薄層を該間〓よりも薄く形成し、前記トナー担持
体上の前記非磁性トナーを現像部において前記静
電像保持体に転移させて前記静電像を現像するこ
とを特徴とする現像方法に関する。
Specifically, the present invention provides an electrostatic image holding body that holds an electrostatic image on its surface and a toner carrying body that carries and conveys nonmagnetic toner on its surface, which are separated from each other for a certain period of time in a developing section. The magnetic particles for toner application and the volume average particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm and volume distribution are
A developer container storing non-magnetic toner with a true specific gravity of 1.2 or less and 50% or more of 5.04 to 20.2 μm is disposed on the toner carrier, and the toner carrier is placed on the upstream side of the toner outlet of the developer container. A fixed magnet for forming a magnetic brush made of toner application magnetic particles is disposed inside the toner carrier so as to be in contact with the toner application magnetic particles, and as the toner carrier rotates, the toner application magnetic particles are By circulating the non-magnetic toner in a developer container, a thin layer of the non-magnetic toner is formed on the toner carrier while taking in the non-magnetic toner, and the non-magnetic toner on the toner carrier is The present invention relates to a developing method characterized in that the electrostatic image is developed by transferring the electrostatic image to the electrostatic image holder in a developing section.

上記本発明の現像方法において、必要に応じて
現像部においてトナー担持体と静電像保持体との
間に交流及び/又は直流バイアスを印加するのが
よい。
In the above-mentioned developing method of the present invention, it is preferable to apply an alternating current and/or direct current bias between the toner carrier and the electrostatic image holder in the developing section, if necessary.

本発明者らは、従来知られている非磁性もしく
は弱い磁性を有するトナーを使用し現像方法を
種々検討した結果、前述した問題点を解決するた
めには、磁性トナーを使用する現像方法に比べて
現像部においてトナー担持体上のトナーが有する
静電荷量及び流動性のより精密な制御が重要であ
ることを見出した。例えば電荷量が低いとトナー
担持体上にトナーが均一に塗布されない現像が生
じて均一に現像できず、また電荷量を上げて、た
とえ均一に塗布される状態をつくつてもその値が
適切でない場合は地カブリが生じやすくなり、逆
にその値が高過ぎるとトナー担持体との静電的引
力が強過ぎてトナーが静電像保持体へ転移しにく
くなり、その結果、画像濃度の低下、低品位画像
の出現を引き起こすことになつてしまう。
The present inventors investigated various developing methods using conventionally known non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toners, and found that in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, compared to developing methods using magnetic toners, We have found that it is important to more precisely control the amount of electrostatic charge and fluidity of the toner on the toner carrier in the developing section. For example, if the amount of charge is low, the toner will not be applied uniformly on the toner carrier, and development will not be possible, and even if the amount of charge is increased, even if it is applied evenly, the value will not be appropriate. If the value is too high, the electrostatic attraction with the toner carrier is too strong, making it difficult for the toner to transfer to the electrostatic image carrier, resulting in a decrease in image density. , resulting in the appearance of low-quality images.

又、流動性が悪いと均一に塗布することが困難
であるし、たとえ均一塗布されたとしても順調な
現像ができなくなる。よつて非磁性もしくは比重
が1.2程度しか磁性体を含まない弱い磁性トナー
を充分現像が可能な状態でトナー担持体上に均一
塗布させるためには、トナーの静電荷量及び流動
性を精密に制御することが必要であり、そのため
に、トナーの粒度分布を適切に調整することが必
要との結論を得たものである。一般にトナーの静
電荷量及び流動性がその粒度分布に大きく依存す
ることは言うまでもない。
In addition, if the fluidity is poor, it is difficult to apply uniformly, and even if uniformly applied, smooth development will not be possible. Therefore, in order to uniformly apply a non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toner containing a magnetic material with a specific gravity of only about 1.2 onto a toner carrier in a state where sufficient development is possible, it is necessary to precisely control the amount of electrostatic charge and fluidity of the toner. Therefore, it was concluded that it is necessary to appropriately adjust the particle size distribution of the toner. It goes without saying that, in general, the amount of electrostatic charge and fluidity of toner largely depend on its particle size distribution.

本発明は真比重1.2以下である非磁性もしくは
弱い磁性を有するトナーを、現像部において主に
非磁気力により担持体上に担持し現像する方法に
起因する上記のような必要条件を、トナーの粒度
分布を調整することにより達成するものである。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned requirements due to the method of developing a non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toner with a true specific gravity of 1.2 or less on a carrier mainly by non-magnetic force in the developing section. This is achieved by adjusting the particle size distribution.

本発明のような粒度分布を有する非磁性もしく
は弱い磁性を有するトナーは、後述する塗布方法
によつて、均一に担持体上に塗布され、良好な現
像状態を示した。又、それは、高温高湿、低温低
湿のような環境下や長期間の画像出し後も変わる
ところがなかつた。
The non-magnetic or weakly magnetic toner having the particle size distribution of the present invention was uniformly coated on the carrier by the coating method described below, and exhibited good development. Furthermore, this remained unchanged even under high temperature and high humidity environments, low temperature and low humidity environments, and even after long-term image production.

又、トナーの粒度分布は、一般に市販されてい
る粒度分布測定装置、例えば、パーチクルカウン
ター(パーチクルデーター社)、ハイアツク自動
粒度分布分析器(ハイアツク−ロイコ社)、レー
ザーグラニユロメーター(CILAS社)、マイクロ
トラツク(LEEDS&NORTHRUP)、ミクロン
フオトサイザー(セイシン企業)、ルーゼツクス
(日本レギユレーター社)、コールターカウンター
(コールターエレクトロニクス)等、すべての機
器を用いて測定できる。
The particle size distribution of the toner can be measured using commonly available particle size distribution measuring devices such as a particle counter (Particle Data Co., Ltd.), a Hiatsuku Automatic Particle Size Distribution Analyzer (Hiatsuku Royco Co., Ltd.), a laser granulometer (CILAS Co., Ltd.), Measurements can be made using all types of equipment, including Microtrack (LEEDS & NORTHRUP), Micron Photosizer (Seishin Enterprises), Luzex (Nihon Regulator), and Coulter Counter (Coulter Electronics).

トナーの結着樹脂としては、ポリスチレン、ポ
リp−クロルスチレン、ポリビニルトルエンなど
のスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体;スチレン
−p−クロルスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロ
ピレン共重合体、スチレン−ビニルトルエン共重
合体、スチレン−ビニルナフタリン共重合体、ス
チレン−アクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−
アクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル
酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸オクチ
ル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸メチル共重
合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エチル共重合体、
スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレ
ン−α−クロルメタクリル酸メチル共重合体、ス
チレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−
ビニルメチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニ
ルエチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルメ
チルケトン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重
合体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体、スチレン
−アクリロニトリル−インデン共重合体、スチレ
ン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸
エステル共重合体などのスチレン系共重合体;ポ
リメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレ
ート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエ
チレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル樹脂、ポ
リウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビ
ニルブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、
変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フエノール樹脂、脂
肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹
脂、塩素化パラフイン、パラフインワツクスなど
が単独或いは混合して使用できる。
As the binder resin for the toner, monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polystyrene, poly p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers, and styrene-vinyl Toluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-
Ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer,
Styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-
Vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene- Styrenic copolymers such as maleic acid copolymers and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester resins, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy Resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin,
Modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax, etc. can be used alone or in combination.

トナーに用いる着色材料としては、従来公知の
カーボンブラツク、染料、顔料などが使用でき、
従来公知の正または負の荷電制御剤を本発明で使
用することができる。
As the coloring material used in the toner, conventionally known carbon black, dyes, pigments, etc. can be used.
Conventionally known positive or negative charge control agents can be used in the present invention.

トナーは、鉄粉、ニツケル粉、フエライト粉な
どの磁性粒子と混合され、電気的潜像の現像剤と
して用いられる。
Toner is mixed with magnetic particles such as iron powder, nickel powder, ferrite powder, etc., and used as a developer for electrical latent images.

本発明で用いられる非磁性トナーは、例えば、
従来知られているような混練−粉砕−分級を経る
もの、液相、気相中に分散させて造粒する方法等
で製造される。又、マイクロカプセル化しても良
い。
The non-magnetic toner used in the present invention is, for example,
It is manufactured by the conventionally known methods of kneading, pulverizing, and classifying, or by dispersing it in a liquid phase or gas phase and granulating it. Alternatively, it may be microencapsulated.

以下本発明を実施態様例に基づき図を用いて詳
細に説明する。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below based on embodiment examples using figures.

第1図は絶縁性非磁性トナー及びトナー塗布用
磁性粒子を用いた現像方法の一例を示す図であ
る。第1図に於いて1は静電像保持体、2はトナ
ー担持体、3はホツパー(すなわち、現像剤容
器)、6は現像用バイアス電源、5は非磁性トナ
ー、50は固定磁石、52はトナー塗布用磁性粒
子と非磁性トナーとの混合物による磁気ブラシ、
58はトナー厚規制用ブレードを示す。トナー担
持体2上に形成された磁気ブラシ52をトナー担
持体2を回転させることで循環させ、ホツパー3
中の非磁性トナーを取り込んでトナー担持体2上
に均一に薄層コートさせる。トナー担持体2と静
電像保持体1とをトナー層厚より大きな間〓で対
局させトナー担持体2上の一成分非磁性トナー5
を静電像保持体1上の静電荷像上へと飛翔現像さ
せる。トナー層の電荷量及び厚さは磁気ブラシ5
2の大きさ、及びブラシの循環性の程度等で制御
する。静電像保持体1とトナー担持体2との間〓
はトナー層厚より大きめにとる。現像バイアス電
源6により現像バイアスを印加しても良い。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a developing method using an insulating nonmagnetic toner and magnetic particles for toner application. In FIG. 1, 1 is an electrostatic image carrier, 2 is a toner carrier, 3 is a hopper (that is, a developer container), 6 is a bias power source for development, 5 is a non-magnetic toner, 50 is a fixed magnet, 52 is a magnetic brush made of a mixture of magnetic particles and non-magnetic toner for toner application;
Reference numeral 58 indicates a toner thickness regulating blade. The magnetic brush 52 formed on the toner carrier 2 is circulated by rotating the toner carrier 2, and the hopper 3
The non-magnetic toner inside is taken in and uniformly coated on the toner carrier 2 in a thin layer. The one-component non-magnetic toner 5 on the toner carrier 2 is produced by opposing the toner carrier 2 and the electrostatic image carrier 1 at a distance greater than the toner layer thickness.
is developed by flying onto the electrostatic charge image on the electrostatic image holder 1. The charge amount and thickness of the toner layer are determined by the magnetic brush 5.
This is controlled by the size of the brush and the degree of circulation of the brush. Between the electrostatic image carrier 1 and the toner carrier 2
is set to be larger than the toner layer thickness. The developing bias may be applied by the developing bias power supply 6.

第2図は本発明の実施態様の更に他の一例を示
す図である。第2図において、1は円筒状電子写
真感光体であり矢印a方向に移動する。この感光
体1に対して間〓を介してトナー担持体である非
磁性スリーブ2が設けられている。このスリーブ
2は感光体1の移動とともに矢印b方向に回転移
動する。スリーブ2内には磁界発生手段として固
定された永久磁石(マグネツト)50が設けられ
ている。3は現像剤供給容器としてのホツパーで
あり、スリーブ2と共に非磁性トナー5及び磁性
粒子60を有する現像剤混合体を収容している。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing still another example of the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor that moves in the direction of arrow a. A non-magnetic sleeve 2, which is a toner carrier, is provided with a gap between the photoreceptor 1 and the photoreceptor 1. As shown in FIG. This sleeve 2 rotates in the direction of arrow b as the photoreceptor 1 moves. A fixed permanent magnet 50 is provided within the sleeve 2 as a magnetic field generating means. Reference numeral 3 denotes a hopper as a developer supply container, which, together with the sleeve 2, accommodates a developer mixture containing non-magnetic toner 5 and magnetic particles 60.

マグネツト50の磁極62に対応するスリーブ
2ノズル表面付近では、磁性粒子60による磁気
ブラシが形成されている。スリーブ2を矢印b方
向に回転させた時、磁極62の配置位置と磁性粒
子60の流動性及び磁気特性を適宜選ぶことによ
つて、磁気ブラシは磁極62の付近で矢印c方向
に循環し、循環層66を形成する。
A magnetic brush made of magnetic particles 60 is formed near the nozzle surface of the sleeve 2 corresponding to the magnetic pole 62 of the magnet 50. When the sleeve 2 is rotated in the direction of arrow b, the magnetic brush circulates in the direction of arrow c near the magnetic pole 62 by appropriately selecting the arrangement position of the magnetic pole 62 and the fluidity and magnetic properties of the magnetic particles 60. A circulation layer 66 is formed.

一方、磁極62よりもスリーブ回転方向下流側
の点68の位置では、磁性体よりなる磁性粒子拘
束部材としての磁性ブレード64をスリーブ2と
適切な間隔で、又点68の位置におけるスリーブ
2の法線nに対しブレードの中心線lとの為す角
度δをもたせてスリーブ移動方向下流側に傾けて
配置してある。磁性粒子60は重力と磁気力及び
磁性ブレード64の存在による効果に基づく拘束
力と、スリーブ2の移動方向への搬送力との釣合
によつてスリーブ2表面の点68で拘束され、多
少は動き得るが殆ど不動の静止層65を形成す
る。この循環層66と静止層65とからなる磁性
粒子層がスリーブ2の表面に形成される。磁性粒
子層はトナー5を含んでおり、静止層65の磁性
粒子は前述の拘束力と搬送力との釣合によつてス
リーブ表面上に拘束されるが、トナーは実質的に
非磁性であるため、磁極62の磁界によつては拘
束されず、鏡映力によつてスリーブ表面に均一に
薄くコーテイングされ、スリーブの回転に伴つて
搬送され、感光体1の表面に対面して現像に供さ
れる。
On the other hand, at a point 68 on the downstream side of the magnetic pole 62 in the rotational direction of the sleeve, a magnetic blade 64 as a magnetic particle restraining member made of a magnetic material is placed at an appropriate distance from the sleeve 2. The sleeve is disposed so as to be inclined downstream in the direction of movement of the sleeve, with an angle δ formed between the line n and the center line l of the blade. The magnetic particles 60 are restrained at a point 68 on the surface of the sleeve 2 by a balance between the restraining force based on gravity, magnetic force, and the effect of the presence of the magnetic blade 64, and the conveyance force in the direction of movement of the sleeve 2, and are restrained to some extent. A stationary layer 65 is formed which is movable but mostly immobile. A magnetic particle layer consisting of the circulation layer 66 and the stationary layer 65 is formed on the surface of the sleeve 2. The magnetic particle layer contains toner 5, and the magnetic particles of stationary layer 65 are restrained on the sleeve surface by the aforementioned balance between the restraining force and the conveying force, but the toner is substantially non-magnetic. Therefore, it is not restrained by the magnetic field of the magnetic pole 62, and is coated uniformly and thinly on the sleeve surface by the mirroring force, and is transported as the sleeve rotates, facing the surface of the photoreceptor 1, and subjected to development. be done.

循環層66では重力と磁極による磁気力と摩擦
力及び磁性粒子の流動性(粘性)によつて矢印c
の如く磁気ブラシの循環が行われ、磁気ブラシは
この循環の際に磁性粒子層の上にある現像剤層6
7から非磁性トナー5を取り込んでホツパー3の
下部に戻り、以下この循環を繰返す。磁性ブレー
ド64は直接にはこの循環に関与しない。
In the circulation layer 66, the arrow C
The magnetic brush is circulated as shown in FIG.
The non-magnetic toner 5 is taken in from the hopper 7 and returned to the lower part of the hopper 3, and this cycle is repeated thereafter. The magnetic blade 64 does not directly participate in this circulation.

ここで使用する現像方法としては特公昭58−
32375号公報に記載の方法が好ましい。電子写真
感光体1とトナー担持体2との間にはバイアス電
源6により電圧が印加される。バイアス電源6は
交流でも直流でもよいが、交流に直流を重畳した
ものが好ましい。現像により供される現像剤は循
環層66からトナー担持体2に供給され、循環層
66における不足分は、前述の環境運動により現
像剤層67が供給される。
The developing method used here is
The method described in Publication No. 32375 is preferred. A voltage is applied between the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the toner carrier 2 by a bias power supply 6 . The bias power source 6 may be an alternating current or a direct current, but it is preferably one in which alternating current and direct current are superimposed. The developer provided by the development is supplied to the toner carrier 2 from the circulation layer 66, and the shortage in the circulation layer 66 is supplied to the developer layer 67 by the aforementioned environmental movement.

〔実施例 1〕 スチレン−BMA共重合体 100重量部 フタロシアニン顔料 10重量部 ニグロシン 2重量部 上記材料をブレンダーでよく混合した後150℃
に熱した2本ロールで混練した。混練物を自然放
冷後、カツターミルで粗粉砕した後、ジエツト気
流を用いた微粉砕機を用いて粉砕し、さらに風力
分級機を用いて分級して体積平均粒径13.2μm、
5.04〜20.2μmが82%のトナーを得た(測定はコ
ールターエレクトロニクス社コールターカウンタ
ーTA−によつた。以下の実施例も同様)。真
比重は1.05であつた。
[Example 1] Styrene-BMA copolymer 100 parts by weight Phthalocyanine pigment 10 parts by weight Nigrosine 2 parts by weight The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then heated to 150°C.
The mixture was kneaded using two heated rolls. After the kneaded material was left to cool naturally, it was roughly pulverized with a cutter mill, then pulverized with a pulverizer using a jet air flow, and further classified using an air classifier to obtain a volume average particle size of 13.2 μm.
A toner with a particle diameter of 82% from 5.04 to 20.2 .mu.m was obtained (measurement was carried out using a Coulter Counter TA- manufactured by Coulter Electronics. The same applies to the following examples). The true specific gravity was 1.05.

一方、酸化亜鉛100重量部、スチレン−ブタジ
エン共重合体20重量部、n−ブチルメタクリレー
ト40重量部、トルエン120重量部、ローズベンガ
ル1%メタノール溶液4重量部からなる混合物を
ボールミルにて6時間分散混合した。これを0.05
mm厚さのアルミニウム板に乾燥塗布厚が40μにな
るようにワイヤーバーにて塗布し、温風にて溶剤
を蒸散させ酸化亜鉛バインダー系感光体を作成し
てドラム状とした。この感光体に−6kVのコロナ
放電を行い全面一様に帯電した後、原画像照射を
行い静電潜像を形成した。
Meanwhile, a mixture consisting of 100 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 20 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene copolymer, 40 parts by weight of n-butyl methacrylate, 120 parts by weight of toluene, and 4 parts by weight of 1% rose bengal methanol solution was dispersed in a ball mill for 6 hours. Mixed. This is 0.05
The coating was applied to a mm-thick aluminum plate using a wire bar so that the dry coating thickness was 40 μm, and the solvent was evaporated with hot air to create a zinc oxide binder-based photoreceptor in the form of a drum. This photoreceptor was subjected to -6 kV corona discharge to uniformly charge the entire surface, and then an original image was irradiated to form an electrostatic latent image.

前記正帯電性非磁性トナー20gを予め、鉄粉キ
ヤリア20gと混合し、その混合物を規制ブレード
58とトナー担持体2との間〓が約250μとなる
ように設定した第1図の現像器に投入したとこ
ろ、均一な塗布状態が得られたので、上記形成さ
れた静電潜像を現像した。
20 g of the positively charged non-magnetic toner was mixed in advance with 20 g of iron powder carrier, and the mixture was placed in the developing device shown in FIG. When a uniform coating was obtained, the electrostatic latent image formed above was developed.

トナー担持体2は外径50mmのステンレス製円筒
スリーブとし前記感光ドラム表面−スリーブ表面
間距離0.25mmに設定し、スリーブに400Hz1000V
の交流及び−150Vの直流バイアスを印加した。
The toner carrier 2 is a stainless steel cylindrical sleeve with an outer diameter of 50 mm, the distance between the photosensitive drum surface and the sleeve surface is set to 0.25 mm, and the sleeve is supplied with a voltage of 400 Hz, 1000 V.
An alternating current of 150 V and a direct current bias of -150 V were applied.

次いで転写紙の背面より−7kVの直流コロナを
照射しつつ粉像を転写し、複写画像を得た。定着
は市販の普通紙複写機(商品名、NP−5000、キ
ヤノン製)を用いて行つた。
Next, the powder image was transferred while irradiating -7 kV direct current corona from the back side of the transfer paper to obtain a copy image. Fixing was carried out using a commercially available plain paper copying machine (trade name: NP-5000, manufactured by Canon).

得られた転写画像は濃度が約1.3と充分高く、
カブリも全く無く、画像周辺のトナー飛び散りが
無く、解像力の高い良好な画像であつた。上記ト
ナーを用いて連続して耐久性を調べたが10000枚
後の転写画像も初期の画像と比較して全くそん色
のない画像であつた。
The resulting transferred image has a sufficiently high density of approximately 1.3,
There was no fogging at all, there was no toner scattering around the image, and the image was good with high resolution. Durability was continuously examined using the above toner, and the transferred images after 10,000 sheets were also completely uncolored compared to the initial images.

また、環境条件を35℃、85%としたところ、画
像濃度は常温常湿と殆ど変化のない値であり、カ
ブリや飛び散りもなく鮮明な青色画像が得られ耐
久性も10000枚時までほとんど変化なかつた。次
に10℃、10%の低温低湿度において転写画像を得
たところ画像濃度は高く、ベタ黒部も極めて滑ら
かに現像、転写され飛び散りや中抜けのない優秀
な画像であつた。この環境条件で連続、及び間け
つモードで耐久テストを行つたがやはり10000枚
まで濃度変動は±0.2と、実用上充分であつた。
In addition, when the environmental conditions were set to 35℃ and 85%, the image density was almost the same as normal temperature and humidity, and a clear blue image was obtained without fogging or scattering, and the durability was almost unchanged until 10,000 sheets were printed. Nakatsuta. Next, a transferred image was obtained at a low temperature of 10°C and 10% humidity, and the image density was high, solid black areas were developed and transferred extremely smoothly, and the image was excellent with no scattering or hollow spots. Durability tests were conducted under these environmental conditions in continuous and intermittent modes, and the density fluctuation was ±0.2 up to 10,000 sheets, which was sufficient for practical use.

〔比較例 1〕 実施例1のトナーを、粉砕条件、分級条件を変
更し、体積平均粒径8μm、5.04〜20.2μmが48%
とした。これを実施例1と同様にして保持体上に
塗布させたところ、均一であるが厚めの塗布状態
となり、実施例1と比較して良好な現像ができな
かつた。
[Comparative Example 1] The toner of Example 1 was changed in crushing conditions and classification conditions, and the volume average particle size was 8 μm, and 48% of the particles were 5.04 to 20.2 μm.
And so. When this was coated on a holder in the same manner as in Example 1, the coating was uniform but thicker, and as compared to Example 1, good development could not be achieved.

〔比較例 2〕 実施例1のトナーを、粉砕条件、分級条件を変
更し、体積平均粒径23μm、5.04〜20.2μmが36%
とした。これを実施例1と同様にして保持体上に
塗布させたところ、実施例1と比較して均一な塗
布ができず、現像してもカブリの多い画像であつ
た。
[Comparative Example 2] The toner of Example 1 was changed to different grinding conditions and classification conditions, and the volume average particle size was 23 μm, and 36% of the particles were 5.04 to 20.2 μm.
And so. When this was applied onto a holder in the same manner as in Example 1, the application was not as uniform as in Example 1, and even when developed, the image had a lot of fog.

〔実施例 2〕 実施例1のトナー20gを予め、フエライトキヤ
リア50gと混合して、規制ブレード64とトナー
担持体2との間〓が約300μとなるように設定し
た第2図の現像器に投入し、実施例1と同様に現
像したところ、同様な良好な結果が得られた。
[Example 2] 20 g of the toner of Example 1 was mixed with 50 g of ferrite carrier in advance, and the mixture was placed in the developing device shown in FIG. When the sample was loaded and developed in the same manner as in Example 1, similar good results were obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図及び第2図は夫々本発明の現像方法の実
施に用いる異なる形態の現像装置を示す断面図で
ある。 1……静電像保持体、2……トナー担持体(非
磁性スリーブ)、3……ホツパー(現像剤容器)、
5……一成分非磁性トナー、6……現像バイアス
電源、50……永久磁石、52……磁気ブラシ、
58……規制ブレード、60……磁性粒子、64
……磁性ブレード、66……循環層。
FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing different types of developing devices used to carry out the developing method of the present invention. 1... Electrostatic image holder, 2... Toner carrier (non-magnetic sleeve), 3... Hopper (developer container),
5... One-component non-magnetic toner, 6... Development bias power supply, 50... Permanent magnet, 52... Magnetic brush,
58... Regulation blade, 60... Magnetic particle, 64
...Magnetic blade, 66... Circulating layer.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 静電像を表面に保持する静電像保持体と、非
磁性トナーを表面に担持し搬送するためのトナー
担持体とを現像部において一定の間〓を設けて配
置し、 トナー塗布用磁性粒子と、体積平均粒径が10〜
20μm、体積分布で5.04〜20.2μmが50%以上であ
る真比重1.2以下の非磁性トナーとを貯蔵する現
像剤容器を前記トナー担持体上に配置し、前記現
像剤容器のトナー出口の上流側に前記トナー担持
体と接触するようにトナー塗布用磁性粒子による
磁気ブラシを形成するための固定磁石を前記トナ
ー担持体の内側に配置し、 前記トナー担持体の回動にともなつて前記トナ
ー塗布用磁性粒子を前記現像剤容器内で循環させ
ることにより、前記非磁性トナーを取り込みなが
ら前記トナー担持体上に前記非磁性トナーの薄層
を該間〓よりも薄く形成し、 前記トナー担持体上の前記非磁性トナーを現像
部において前記静電像保持体に転移させて前記静
電像を現像することを特徴とする現像方法。
[Claims] 1. An electrostatic image carrier that holds an electrostatic image on its surface and a toner carrier that carries and conveys non-magnetic toner on its surface are arranged with a certain distance between them in a developing section. and magnetic particles for toner application with a volume average particle size of 10~
A developer container storing non-magnetic toner having a true specific gravity of 1.2 or less and having a diameter of 20 μm and a volume distribution of 5.04 to 20.2 μm for 50% or more is disposed on the toner carrier, and the developer container is placed on the upstream side of the toner outlet of the developer container. A fixed magnet for forming a magnetic brush made of magnetic particles for toner application is disposed inside the toner carrier so as to be in contact with the toner carrier, and the toner is applied as the toner carrier rotates. By circulating magnetic particles in the developer container, a thin layer of the non-magnetic toner is formed on the toner carrier while taking in the non-magnetic toner, and a thin layer of the non-magnetic toner is formed on the toner carrier. A developing method, wherein the electrostatic image is developed by transferring the non-magnetic toner to the electrostatic image holder in a developing section.
JP58195609A 1983-10-19 1983-10-19 Developing method Granted JPS6087345A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58195609A JPS6087345A (en) 1983-10-19 1983-10-19 Developing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58195609A JPS6087345A (en) 1983-10-19 1983-10-19 Developing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6087345A JPS6087345A (en) 1985-05-17
JPH0473788B2 true JPH0473788B2 (en) 1992-11-24

Family

ID=16344003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58195609A Granted JPS6087345A (en) 1983-10-19 1983-10-19 Developing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6087345A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0740144B2 (en) * 1986-06-03 1995-05-01 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Fine toner used in image forming apparatus
JP2958554B2 (en) * 1995-09-25 1999-10-06 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Image forming method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6087345A (en) 1985-05-17

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