JPH0446173B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0446173B2 JPH0446173B2 JP60180986A JP18098685A JPH0446173B2 JP H0446173 B2 JPH0446173 B2 JP H0446173B2 JP 60180986 A JP60180986 A JP 60180986A JP 18098685 A JP18098685 A JP 18098685A JP H0446173 B2 JPH0446173 B2 JP H0446173B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas separation
- water vapor
- separation membrane
- diamino
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 288
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 aromatic tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- MHDWQCSVXCLPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C(N)C(N)=CC=C3SC2=C1 MHDWQCSVXCLPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006159 dianhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDNSGQZNKVQWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-methyl-5,5-dioxophenothiazine-3,7-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2N(C)C3=CC=C(N)C=C3S(=O)(=O)C2=C1 FDNSGQZNKVQWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(C)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=CC(N)=C(C)C=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MILSYCKGLDDVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MILSYCKGLDDVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNJLAZQWIJQCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethyldibenzothiophene-2,8-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=CC(C)=C(N)C=C2C2=C1C=C(C)C(N)=C2 YNJLAZQWIJQCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBAUUNCGSMAPFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O NBAUUNCGSMAPFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXJLFVRAWOOQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LXJLFVRAWOOQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(CC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVXYMCJCMDTSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(3-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 DVXYMCJCMDTSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICNFHJVPAJKPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Thiodianiline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ICNFHJVPAJKPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMXURHNQSDPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[2-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfanylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AEMXURHNQSDPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZXUWLRHYSLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[2-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfonylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 RHZXUWLRHYSLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDRQHCHNCBCGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-thioxanthene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=C(N)C(N)=CC=C3SC2=C1 GDRQHCHNCBCGST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KLPIAMYYFDMYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene-2,7-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2SC3=CC(N)=CC=C3SC2=C1 KLPIAMYYFDMYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNWFDIBPEXDQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene-2,8-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2SC3=CC(N)=CC=C3SC2=C1 PNWFDIBPEXDQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60180986A JPS6242723A (ja) | 1985-08-20 | 1985-08-20 | 混合ガスの除湿方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60180986A JPS6242723A (ja) | 1985-08-20 | 1985-08-20 | 混合ガスの除湿方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6242723A JPS6242723A (ja) | 1987-02-24 |
JPH0446173B2 true JPH0446173B2 (ko) | 1992-07-29 |
Family
ID=16092740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60180986A Granted JPS6242723A (ja) | 1985-08-20 | 1985-08-20 | 混合ガスの除湿方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6242723A (ko) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0331702B1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1992-06-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Apparatus for drying a wet gas |
JPH01143625A (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-06 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガスの脱湿方法 |
JPH0667449B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1994-08-31 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ガスの脱湿法 |
JPH01143624A (ja) * | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-06 | Ube Ind Ltd | 計装用又は駆動装置用のガスの脱湿方法 |
US4783201A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1988-11-08 | Rice Arthur W | Gas dehydration membrane apparatus |
JPH01176425A (ja) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-07-12 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガスの脱湿方法 |
EP0326083B1 (en) * | 1988-01-26 | 1994-06-01 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Vapor permselective membrane |
JPH01194927A (ja) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-04 | Japan Gore Tex Inc | 水蒸気選択透過膜 |
JPH01224029A (ja) * | 1988-03-04 | 1989-09-07 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガスの脱湿方法 |
JPH0270717U (ko) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-29 | ||
JPH0641629Y2 (ja) * | 1988-11-21 | 1994-11-02 | シーケーディ株式会社 | 除湿装置 |
US4931070A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-06-05 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process and system for the production of dry, high purity nitrogen |
US4952219A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1990-08-28 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Membrane drying of gas feeds to low temperature units |
US5118327A (en) * | 1989-10-05 | 1992-06-02 | Andrew Corporation | Dehumidifier for supplying gas having controlled dew point |
JPH0822365B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-14 | 1996-03-06 | シーケーディ株式会社 | 除湿装置 |
US5205842A (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-04-27 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Two stage membrane dryer |
US5762690A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1998-06-09 | Andrew Corporation | Dehumidifier for supplying air using variable flow rate and variable pressure in a membrane dryer |
US5681368A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-10-28 | Andrew Corporation | Dehumidifier system using membrane cartridge |
US5759237A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-06-02 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et, L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and system for selective abatement of reactive gases and recovery of perfluorocompound gases |
JP3816289B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-18 | 2006-08-30 | ナブテスコ株式会社 | 中空糸膜式除湿装置 |
JP4690530B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-18 | 2011-06-01 | 新コスモス電機株式会社 | 吸引式ガス検出システム |
JP2014091766A (ja) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-19 | Ube Ind Ltd | バイオガス利用システムおよびバイオガス除湿方法 |
-
1985
- 1985-08-20 JP JP60180986A patent/JPS6242723A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6242723A (ja) | 1987-02-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |