JPH0439884A - Heating body having positive resistance temperature coefficient - Google Patents
Heating body having positive resistance temperature coefficientInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0439884A JPH0439884A JP14783290A JP14783290A JPH0439884A JP H0439884 A JPH0439884 A JP H0439884A JP 14783290 A JP14783290 A JP 14783290A JP 14783290 A JP14783290 A JP 14783290A JP H0439884 A JPH0439884 A JP H0439884A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- resistor
- electrode wire
- temperature coefficient
- conductive
- resistance temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は採暖器具および一般の加熱装置として利用され
る正抵抗温度係数をもつ発熱体に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention relates to a heating element with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance that is used as a warming appliance and a general heating device.
従来の技術 従来のチューブ状の正抵抗温度係数をもつ（Ｊ：、Ｊ。Conventional technology It has a conventional tubular positive temperature coefficient of resistance (J:, J.
下ＰＴＣと称す）発熱体は、一対の電極線間に設けたＰ
ＴＣ抵抗体のＰＴＣ特性により適宜な温度に自己制御さ
れている。しかし、特に大きな電力密度か要求される場
合においては、発熱体の温度分布を一様にするため、一
対の電極線間方向の温度分布を良好にすることか不可欠
であり、その解決策として、一対の電極線間の距離を互
いに接近させて構成する方法が講しられてきた。The heating element (referred to as lower PTC) is a PTC installed between a pair of electrode wires.
The temperature is self-controlled to an appropriate level by the PTC characteristics of the TC resistor. However, in cases where particularly high power density is required, it is essential to improve the temperature distribution in the direction between the pair of electrode wires in order to make the temperature distribution of the heating element uniform. A method has been proposed in which the distance between a pair of electrode wires is made closer to each other.
第２図において、電極線７及び電極線９は互いに接近し
て設けられた同芯軸状の金属電極であり、この間にＰＴ
Ｃ抵抗体８を配することにより高出力のＰＴＣ発熱体を
現出している。In FIG. 2, the electrode wire 7 and the electrode wire 9 are concentric metal electrodes provided close to each other, and between them, the PT
By arranging the C resistor 8, a high output PTC heating element appears.
発明が解決しようとする課題
一般にこうしたＰＴＣ発熱体は、長期的な使用によりヒ
ータ全体が高抵抗化して発熱温度が低下するという欠点
を有していた。特に高分子組成物か架橋物を細粉化した
導電性粉末を混合したタイプのＰＴＣ抵抗体は導電性粉
末とバインダーとしての高分子との間で海島構造を有し
ているため安全性と加工安定性に優れている反面、発熱
分布の均一性が得にくいため、上記のような傾向が顕著
にみられた。これは主として、架橋された導電性粉末と
バインダーとしての未架橋高分子との間に熱膨脹差に起
因する界面クラックが生じて、導電パスが寸断されるた
めであり特に粒径分布のうち比較的大きな導電粒子の近
傍にはこの傾向が顕著である。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In general, such PTC heating elements have the disadvantage that, with long-term use, the resistance of the entire heater increases and the heat generation temperature decreases. In particular, PTC resistors that are mixed with a conductive powder made of a finely divided polymer composition or a crosslinked material have a sea-island structure between the conductive powder and the polymer as a binder, which improves safety and processing. Although it has excellent stability, it is difficult to obtain uniform heat generation distribution, so the above-mentioned tendency was noticeable. This is mainly because interfacial cracks occur due to the difference in thermal expansion between the crosslinked conductive powder and the uncrosslinked polymer as a binder, and the conductive path is severed. This tendency is remarkable near large conductive particles.
本発明の目的は上記問題点を改善するもので、安全で且
つ長期使用に酎えるＰＴＣ発熱体を提供しようとするも
のである。An object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a PTC heating element that is safe and can be used for a long period of time.
課題を解決するための手段
本発明は上記目的を達成するため、結晶性高分子組成物
中に導電性微粉末を分散させてなる導電性組成物を主成
分とする長尺のチューブ状の正抵抗温度係数をもつ抵抗
体と、前記抵抗体に包囲された電極線と、前記抵抗体の
外殼側に対峙し且つ全周にわたって被覆された電極線と
、この電極線を外装する電気絶縁体とを備えた正抵抗温
度係数をもつ発熱体とし、また導電性組成物として、電
子線あるいは有機過酸化物等の架橋剤により架橋した後
、これを細粉化して粒子状導電性組成物とし、これを結
晶性高分子組成物に混合分散して形成された導電性組成
物を用いる正抵抗温度係数をもつ発熱体とした。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a long tube-shaped positive electrode whose main component is a conductive composition obtained by dispersing conductive fine powder in a crystalline polymer composition. A resistor having a temperature coefficient of resistance, an electrode wire surrounded by the resistor, an electrode wire facing the outer shell side of the resistor and covered over the entire circumference, and an electrical insulator sheathing the electrode wire. A heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and a conductive composition that is crosslinked with an electron beam or a crosslinking agent such as an organic peroxide, and then pulverized to form a particulate conductive composition, This was used as a heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance using a conductive composition formed by mixing and dispersing it in a crystalline polymer composition.
作用
上記構成において、高分子組成物中の導電粉末の粒径が
１００ｖの間欠時の低抗値変化率に及ぼす影響について
検討した結果を第３図に示す。第３図から明らかなよう
に、導電性粉末の最大粒径と低抗値変化率の間には密接
な関係が存在することがわかる。特に最大粒径が１００
μｍ以下では抵抗値の変化が極度に安定化される。これ
は導電性粉末とバインダーとしての高分子物質の間に熱
膨脹差があり、発熱通電の繰り返しにより、特に大きな
粉末を中心として界面クラックを生しるが、本発明では
最大粒径を１００μｍ以下に微粒子することにより、導
電パスの形成と応力ムラ均等化されることにより、界面
クラックの発生を極度にくい止める機構が形成されるの
で、発熱体の通電による高抵抗化が改善でき、長寿命化
か可能となる。Effect In the above configuration, the effect of the particle size of the conductive powder in the polymer composition on the low resistance value change rate during intermittent 100V operation is investigated and the results are shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 3, it can be seen that there is a close relationship between the maximum particle size of the conductive powder and the low resistance value change rate. Especially when the maximum particle size is 100
Below μm, the change in resistance value is extremely stabilized. This is because there is a difference in thermal expansion between the conductive powder and the polymer material as a binder, and repeated heat generation and energization will cause interface cracks, especially in large powders.However, in the present invention, the maximum particle size is reduced to 100 μm or less. The fine particles form a conductive path and equalize stress unevenness, creating a mechanism that prevents the occurrence of interface cracks to an extremely low level. This improves the high resistance caused by energization of the heating element and extends the product's lifespan. It becomes possible.
実施例
以下、本発明の一実施例として示したＰＴＣ発極線２（
外径０．１＋ｎｍの銅線を１６本撚りしたもの）と前記
ＰＴＣ抵抗体１の外殼側を被覆した電極線３（外径０．
１順の銅線を編んだもの）か設けられている。さらに前
記全体を絶縁体６（ポリ環化ビニル等）で被覆してＰＴ
Ｃ発熱体としている。Example Below, PTC polarization wire 2 (
(16 twisted copper wires with an outer diameter of 0.1+ nm) and an electrode wire 3 (outer diameter 0.1 nm) covering the outer shell side of the PTC resistor 1.
(1) Braided copper wire is provided. Furthermore, the entire area is covered with an insulator 6 (polycyclized vinyl, etc.) and PT.
C heating element.
なお、前記実施例では、ＰＴＣ抵抗体は下記組成物から
成る。結晶性高分子組成物としてポリエチレンを用い、
導電性微粉末として、４０重量％のファーネスブラック
を含む低密度ポリエチレン混線物１００重量部に架橋剤
としてジクミルパーオキサイドを３．５重量部配合した
ものを１８０℃で１時間熱処理を施すことにより得た架
橋物を冷凍粉砕によって粒径０．５〜３５μｍかつ平均
粒子径１５μｍの粒子状導電性組成物を作成した。その
後、この粒子状導電性組成物を結晶性高分子組成物とし
ての（１ａ）を低密度ポリエチレン中に導電性微粉末と
してカーホンブラックを組成比２８重量％混練したもの
を用いた。なお、この正抵抗温度係数をもつ低抗体は３
゜２Ｘ１０’Ω口の体積固有抵抗値を示した。さらにＡ
Ｃ１００■で通電すると約６２℃の飽和温度を示した。In the above examples, the PTC resistor is made of the following composition. Using polyethylene as a crystalline polymer composition,
As a conductive fine powder, 100 parts by weight of a low-density polyethylene mixed wire containing 40% by weight of furnace black was mixed with 3.5 parts by weight of dicumyl peroxide as a crosslinking agent, and the mixture was heat-treated at 180°C for 1 hour. A particulate conductive composition having a particle size of 0.5 to 35 μm and an average particle size of 15 μm was prepared by freeze-pulverizing the obtained crosslinked product. Thereafter, this particulate conductive composition was prepared by kneading (1a) as a crystalline polymer composition into low density polyethylene and carbon black as a conductive fine powder at a composition ratio of 28% by weight. Note that this low antibody with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance is 3
The volume resistivity value of ゜2×10'Ω mouth is shown. Further A
When current was applied at C100■, a saturation temperature of about 62°C was exhibited.
上記の粒径か０．５〜３５μｍの導電性組成物を用いた
本発明の実施例と一１粒径が０．５〜３００μｍの導電
性粒子を用いたサンプルとの対比のため、雰囲気温度１
００°Ｃ１印加電圧２００Ｖの連続通電耐久試験を行っ
た。低抗値変化率か５０％に達する時間として、後者は
２１００時間であったか、前者の実施例では６０００時
間経過するも未だ到達していないことから通電耐久性が
優れている。In order to compare the above-mentioned examples of the present invention using conductive compositions with a particle size of 0.5 to 35 μm and samples using conductive particles with a particle size of 0.5 to 300 μm, the atmospheric temperature 1
A continuous current durability test was conducted at 00°C and an applied voltage of 200V. The time required for the low resistance change rate to reach 50% was 2,100 hours for the latter example, and the former example had not yet reached this point even after 6,000 hours had passed, indicating excellent current-carrying durability.
なお、前記実施例ではヘースとしての結晶性高分子組成
物として低密度ポリエチレンを示したが、ポリアミド、
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリル酸やマレイン
酸等のグラフト重合体ポリプロピレン等であってもよい
。In addition, although low density polyethylene was shown as the crystalline polymer composition as a haze in the above example, polyamide,
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, graft polymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, etc., polypropylene, and the like may also be used.
発明の効果
上記のように本発明の正抵抗温度係数をもつ発熱体によ
れば、極めて微粒子化された導電性粒子から構成されて
いるために、通電時の導電パスの形成と発熱による熱膨
張差に起因する最大粒径導電粒子バインダーとの間に多
発する界面クランクが生じにくいための劣化が防止でき
、極めて長寿命の発熱体が実現できる。また、抵抗値変
化率が従来例と比較して大きく向上され、極めて高信頼
度のある安全な自己温度制御作用を有する発熱体を実現
することができる等の効果がある。Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance of the present invention, since it is composed of extremely fine conductive particles, it is difficult to form a conductive path when electricity is applied and to thermal expansion due to heat generation. It is possible to prevent deterioration due to the frequent occurrence of interfacial cranks between the conductive particles and the conductive particle binder due to the difference in maximum particle size, and it is possible to realize a heating element with an extremely long life. Further, the rate of change in resistance value is greatly improved compared to the conventional example, and it is possible to realize a heating element having an extremely reliable and safe self-temperature control function.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示すＰＴＣ発熱体の断面図
、第２図は従来のＰＴＣ発熱体の断面て示す特性図であ
る。
１・・・・・・ＰＴＣ抵抗体、２．３・・・・・・電極
線、４・・・・・・絶縁体。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 粟野重孝 ほか１２第
図
／ −−−Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ麹 凱 惇２ｊ−−−ｌｉ
ｔ Ｌ を陽像
４−−− 給線 俸
第
図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a PTC heating element showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a cross-section of a conventional PTC heating element. 1... PTC resistor, 2.3... Electrode wire, 4... Insulator. Name of agent Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano et al.
Positive image of t L 4--- Feeding line Salary diagram
Claims (1)
線あるいは有機過酸化物等の架橋剤により架橋した後、
これを細粉化して０．５〜１００μｍの粒径をもつ粒子
状導電性組成物とし、これを結晶性高分子組成物に混合
分散して形成された導電性組成物を主成分とする長尺の
チューブ状の正抵抗温度係数をもつ抵抗体と、前記抵抗
体に包囲された電極線と、前記抵抗体の外殼側に対峙し
且つ全周にわたって被覆された電極線と、この電極線を
外装する電気絶縁体とを備えたことを特徴とする正抵抗
温度係数をもつ発熱体。After dispersing conductive fine powder in a crystalline polymer composition and crosslinking it with an electron beam or a crosslinking agent such as an organic peroxide,
This is finely powdered to form a particulate conductive composition having a particle size of 0.5 to 100 μm, and this is mixed and dispersed in a crystalline polymer composition to form a conductive composition as a main component. A resistor having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance in the form of a long tube, an electrode wire surrounded by the resistor, an electrode wire facing the outer shell side of the resistor and covered over the entire circumference, and this electrode wire. A heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, characterized in that it is equipped with an exterior electrical insulator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14783290A JPH0439884A (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Heating body having positive resistance temperature coefficient |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14783290A JPH0439884A (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Heating body having positive resistance temperature coefficient |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0439884A true JPH0439884A (en) | 1992-02-10 |
Family
ID=15439256
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14783290A Pending JPH0439884A (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1990-06-06 | Heating body having positive resistance temperature coefficient |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0439884A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58212090A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1983-12-09 | 日立電線株式会社 | Self-temperature controllable heater |
| JPS60136194A (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1985-07-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Method of producing heat generator |
| JPS647493A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Heater with positive temperature coefficient of resistance |
| JPH01166479A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1989-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Exothermic body having positive resistance temperature coefficient |
| JPH0217609A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Positive resistance temperature coefficient heating element |
| JPH0218902A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1990-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Positive temperature coefficient heater |
-
1990
- 1990-06-06 JP JP14783290A patent/JPH0439884A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58212090A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1983-12-09 | 日立電線株式会社 | Self-temperature controllable heater |
| JPS60136194A (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1985-07-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Method of producing heat generator |
| JPS647493A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Heater with positive temperature coefficient of resistance |
| JPH01166479A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1989-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Exothermic body having positive resistance temperature coefficient |
| JPH0217609A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Positive resistance temperature coefficient heating element |
| JPH0218902A (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1990-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Positive temperature coefficient heater |
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