JPH0424645A - Electrostatic latent image developing toner - Google Patents
Electrostatic latent image developing tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0424645A JPH0424645A JP2129971A JP12997190A JPH0424645A JP H0424645 A JPH0424645 A JP H0424645A JP 2129971 A JP2129971 A JP 2129971A JP 12997190 A JP12997190 A JP 12997190A JP H0424645 A JPH0424645 A JP H0424645A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- resin
- core particles
- core
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- QTSNFLIDNYOATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-n-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O QTSNFLIDNYOATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2138372 Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、静電潜像現像用トナーに関する。さらに詳し
くは、三色分解露光と減色法三原色(あるいは黒を含む
4色)のカラートナーの組合せに依って、原画の色再現
を図るいわゆるフルカラーコピー用の透光性カラートナ
ーに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to toners for developing electrostatic latent images. More specifically, the present invention relates to a translucent color toner for so-called full-color copying that reproduces the colors of an original image by a combination of three-color separation exposure and subtractive color toner of three primary colors (or four colors including black).
本発明のトナーは、上記手法を用いた多色カラープリン
ター用トナーとして、指定部の色を変更できる多色カラ
ーPPC用トナーとして、または、オーバーヘッドプロ
ジェクタ−(○HP)などのような光学投影装置を用い
た投影画像において彩色性を示すカラートナー等として
使用することができる。The toner of the present invention can be used as a toner for a multicolor printer using the above method, as a toner for a multicolor PPC that can change the color of a designated area, or as a toner for an optical projection device such as an overhead projector (○HP). It can be used as a color toner etc. that exhibits chromaticity in projected images using.
従来技術
電子写真はrpc、プリンター等に幅広く用いられてお
り、複数色のカラートナーを重ね合わせることにより多
色を再現するカラー画像形成方式が採用されるに至って
いる。BACKGROUND ART Electrophotography is widely used in RPCs, printers, etc., and a color image forming method that reproduces multiple colors by overlapping color toners of multiple colors has come to be adopted.
カラーの複写画像は、着色剤が結S樹脂中に分散された
形態で形成されており、画像の色再現は、樹脂中に分散
する着色剤に対する光の反射により行われる。原稿のカ
ラー画像を忠実に再現するためには、複写画像の着色剤
以外の部分が透明度の高いものであること、多色積層構
成で色を出す場合は、層間の密着性がよく、眉間で光が
屈折散乱しないことが、基本的特性として要求されるこ
とに加え、複写画像中に着色剤が均一に分散されている
ことが要求される。樹脂分散性に関しては、定着前のト
ナー中においても、着色剤が凝集することなく均一に分
散していることが必要とされるし、さらに定着時の樹脂
溶融過程中における着色剤の溶融樹脂中での凝集による
色調変化が生じないことが要求される。A color copy image is formed with a colorant dispersed in an S resin, and the color reproduction of the image is performed by the reflection of light on the colorant dispersed in the resin. In order to faithfully reproduce the color image of the original, the parts of the copied image other than the coloring agent must be highly transparent, and when producing color with a multicolor laminated structure, the adhesion between the layers is good and the area between the eyebrows must be high. In addition to the basic property that light is not refracted and scattered, it is also required that the colorant be uniformly dispersed in the reproduced image. Regarding resin dispersibility, it is necessary that the colorant is uniformly dispersed in the toner before fixing without agglomeration, and that the colorant is dispersed evenly in the molten resin during the resin melting process during fixing. It is required that no change in color tone occurs due to aggregation.
一方、トナーを構成する結蒼樹脂は、着色剤を分散する
バインダーとして機能しなければならないと同時に、ト
ナーを定着する機能を有さなければならない。分散性に
ついては、樹脂として、低粘度のものを使用すると、混
練工程においてシェアストレスを与えることが難しく、
着色剤を解砕、分散させることが困難となり、色調が暗
くなりやすい。また定着機能の観点からは、定着時に溶
融性の高いもの、すなわち軟化点が低く、分子量分布が
狭いものが使用される。しかし、このような樹脂は一般
に、脆く、トナー製造工程における粉砕、分級工程にお
いて多量の微粉が発生する。このことは、製造効率を悪
くするだけでなく、分級によって除去しきれない微粉を
残すことになり、使用中にトナー帯電量の変化や、画像
の下地カブリ、感光体等のクリーニング不良、キャリア
劣化、感光体汚染などの多くのトラブルの原因となる。On the other hand, the binder resin constituting the toner must function as a binder for dispersing the colorant and at the same time must have the function of fixing the toner. Regarding dispersibility, if a resin with low viscosity is used, it is difficult to apply shear stress during the kneading process.
It becomes difficult to crush and disperse the colorant, and the color tone tends to become dark. In addition, from the viewpoint of fixing function, a material having high melting property during fixing, that is, a material having a low softening point and a narrow molecular weight distribution is used. However, such resins are generally brittle, and a large amount of fine powder is generated during the pulverization and classification steps in the toner manufacturing process. This not only reduces manufacturing efficiency, but also leaves behind fine particles that cannot be removed by classification, resulting in changes in toner charge amount during use, fogging of the image base, poor cleaning of photoreceptors, etc., and carrier deterioration. , which can cause many problems such as photoconductor contamination.
さらに現像器中でキャリア粒子とトナー粒子との混合に
より着色剤が遊離しやすく、その遊離着色剤によりトナ
ー帯電量の低下、感光体汚染の原因となったりする。Furthermore, the colorant is likely to be liberated due to the mixing of the carrier particles and toner particles in the developing device, and the liberated colorant may cause a decrease in the amount of toner charge and contamination of the photoreceptor.
発明が解決しようとする課題
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、透光
性、色調(重ね合わせによる色調)に優れ、また分散不
良による色調変化、微粉による帯電不良、感光体汚染等
の問題の生じないトナーを提供することを目的とする。Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has excellent translucency and color tone (color tone due to superimposition), and also has color change due to poor dispersion, poor charging due to fine powder, and photoreceptor. The purpose is to provide a toner that does not cause problems such as contamination.
課題を解決するだめの手段
すなわち、本発明は少なくとも芯粒子および外殻樹脂層
よりなるトナーにおいて、芯粒子を構成する樹脂の軟化
点が外殻樹脂層を構成する樹脂の軟化点に対して、5°
C以上高く、かつ芯粒子に着色剤を含有する静電潜像現
像用トナーに関する。As a means to solve the problem, the present invention provides a toner comprising at least core particles and an outer shell resin layer, in which the softening point of the resin constituting the core particles is lower than the softening point of the resin constituting the outer shell resin layer. 5°
The present invention relates to a toner for developing electrostatic latent images that has a high C or higher and contains a colorant in the core particles.
本発明のトナーは少なくとも芯粒子および外殻樹脂層よ
り構成される。The toner of the present invention is composed of at least core particles and an outer shell resin layer.
芯粒子は反射光による色再現の役割を担うもので、少な
くとも樹脂成分と着色剤とからなる。The core particles play a role in color reproduction by reflected light and are composed of at least a resin component and a colorant.
芯粒子を構成する樹脂成分としては、熱可塑性樹脂、例
えばポリスチレン、スチレン−アクリル共重合樹脂等の
スチレン系共重合樹脂、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポ
リブタジェンメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢
酸ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステ
ル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビ
ニルブチラール、ポリアマイド、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、
ロジン、変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、
脂肪族または脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂等
を単独あるいは混合して使用でき、軟化点が200°C
以下、好ましくは160°C以下であり、トナ一定着が
、外殻樹脂層を構成する樹脂の軟化点より高く、芯粒子
を構成する樹脂の軟化点より低い温度で定着することが
できるように構成できる種類のものであれば特に制限さ
れるものでない。そうすることにより、芯粒子はトナー
定着時に溶融することはなく、外殻樹脂層と相溶するこ
ともない。従って、トナーの定着時には、着色剤の凝集
という問題は生じない。そして、芯粒子は、定着時には
溶融しないが、やや軟化し、多色の複写画像を重ね合わ
せたとき、各色の着色剤成分の粒子が同一平面内に高充
填されるように変形することが望ましいので、芯粒子は
溶融しない範囲で、できるだけ軟化点が定着温度に近い
もので構成されていることが好ましい。あまり定着温度
から離れた高い軟化点を有するものはこのような効果を
期待するのは難しい。以上のような観点から、具体的に
は、芯粒子は外殻樹脂被覆層を構成する樹脂の軟化点よ
り5°C〜50℃高いもので構成される。そして軟化点
自体が、あまり高いものを使用すると、後述するように
着色剤を芯粒子に含有させたり、その表面に付着させた
りすることが困難となるため、軟化点としては200°
C以下、より好ましくは160°C以下のものを使用す
ることが望ましい。The resin component constituting the core particles includes thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene, styrene copolymer resins such as styrene-acrylic copolymer resins, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutadiene methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide, polyacrylic acid resin,
Rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin,
Aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic petroleum resins, etc. can be used alone or in combination, and the softening point is 200°C.
The temperature below is preferably 160°C or less, so that the toner can be fixed at a temperature higher than the softening point of the resin constituting the outer shell resin layer and lower than the softening point of the resin constituting the core particle. There is no particular restriction as long as it is of a type that can be configured. By doing so, the core particles will not melt during toner fixation and will not be compatible with the outer shell resin layer. Therefore, when fixing the toner, the problem of colorant aggregation does not occur. The core particles do not melt during fixing, but they do soften a little, and when multicolor copies are superimposed, it is desirable that they deform so that the particles of each color's colorant component are highly packed in the same plane. Therefore, it is preferable that the core particles be made of a material whose softening point is as close to the fixing temperature as possible without melting. It is difficult to expect such an effect from a material that has a high softening point far from the fixing temperature. From the above point of view, specifically, the core particles are composed of particles whose softening point is 5°C to 50°C higher than the softening point of the resin constituting the outer shell resin coating layer. If a material with a softening point itself that is too high is used, it will be difficult to incorporate the coloring agent into the core particle or attach it to the surface of the core particle, as described below.
It is desirable to use a temperature below 160°C, more preferably below 160°C.
本発明の静電潜像現像用トナーにおいて、芯粒子として
用いられる上記したような熱可塑性樹脂を主成分として
なる樹脂粒子は、粉砕法によるもの、乳化重合、懸濁重
合などの造粒重合法によるもの、懸濁法、スプレードラ
イ法などの湿式造粒法によるものなどトナー粒子の製法
として公知の方法によって得られるものであればいずれ
でもよいが、芯粒子としての樹脂粒子は、望ましくは球
形度の高い粒子であることが好ましく、乳化重合、懸濁
重合などの造粒重合法により得られるものが好ましい。In the electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention, the resin particles mainly composed of the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin used as the core particles may be obtained by a pulverization method, or by a granulation polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization. The resin particles as the core particles are preferably spherical. It is preferable that the particles have a high degree of strength, and those obtained by a granulation polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization are preferable.
特に、このような造粒重合法のうち、シード重合として
知られる方法を用いて造粒すると、容易に球形度の高く
粒径分布の狭いものが得られ、かつ重合度の制御も容易
であることから極めて望ましい樹脂粒子となるものであ
る。このシード重合とは、特公昭57−24369号公
報などに示されるように、重合性モノマーの一部と重合
開始剤を水系媒体あるいは乳化剤を添加してなる水系媒
体中に添加して撹拌乳化し、その後重合性上ツマー残部
を徐々に滴下して微小な粒子を得、この粒子を種として
、重合性上ツマー液滴中で混合を行なうものである。In particular, among these granulation polymerization methods, when granulation is performed using a method known as seed polymerization, particles with high sphericity and narrow particle size distribution can be easily obtained, and the degree of polymerization can also be easily controlled. Therefore, it becomes an extremely desirable resin particle. As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-24369, seed polymerization is a method in which a part of a polymerizable monomer and a polymerization initiator are added to an aqueous medium or an aqueous medium with an emulsifier added thereto, and emulsified by stirring. Thereafter, the remaining part of the polymerizable upper layer is gradually added dropwise to obtain minute particles, and these particles are used as seeds for mixing in the polymerizable upper layer droplets.
本発明においては芯粒子に着色剤が含有される。In the present invention, the core particles contain a coloring agent.
なお、本発明においては、着色剤を含有する芯粒子を着
色芯粒子ということとする。In the present invention, core particles containing a coloring agent are referred to as colored core particles.
着色剤は芯粒子に分散させることにより、または芯粒子
表面に着色剤層を形成することにより含有させてよい。The coloring agent may be contained by dispersing it in the core particles or by forming a coloring agent layer on the surface of the core particles.
そして、さらにこの着色剤層は、着色剤のみからなる着
色剤層としてもよいし、熱可塑性樹脂中に分散した構成
としてもよい。Furthermore, this coloring agent layer may be a coloring agent layer consisting only of a coloring agent, or may have a structure in which the coloring agent is dispersed in a thermoplastic resin.
着色剤を芯粒子中に分散させる場合には、本発明におい
ては、分散の際に粘度の高い樹脂を使用できるために高
ストレスを与えることができ、着色剤を凝集なく分散さ
せることが容易である。該芯粒子を混練、粉砕法で製造
する場合にも、大量の微粉を発生することもなく、製造
効率も低下しない。また、本発明のトナーは、着色剤分
散領域を透過する事による発色よりも、着色芯粒子の表
面反射を主として用いるため、芯粒子表面に形成した着
色剤層による反射を用いた方が効率が高い。When dispersing the colorant in the core particles, in the present invention, a resin with high viscosity can be used during dispersion, so high stress can be applied, and the colorant can be easily dispersed without agglomeration. be. Even when the core particles are produced by kneading and pulverizing methods, a large amount of fine powder is not generated and the production efficiency is not reduced. In addition, since the toner of the present invention mainly uses surface reflection of the colored core particles rather than color development by passing through the colorant dispersion region, it is more efficient to use reflection by the colorant layer formed on the surface of the core particles. expensive.
着色剤を分散した芯粒子を用いると、定薯時に生じやす
い着色剤分散性の変化による色調の変化(暗色化)、ま
た、入射光の一部の粒子内部への侵入散乱による反射光
量(○HPでは透過光量)の減少等の恐れがあるが、芯
粒子表面に着色剤層を有する構成の場合、このような心
配がない。製造工程においては、着色剤層形成工程のみ
分けることで多色のトナーに対応できるので、製造コス
トを下げることもできる。When using core particles with a colorant dispersed in them, changes in color tone (darkening) due to changes in colorant dispersibility that tend to occur during baking, as well as changes in the amount of reflected light (○ With HP, there is a risk of a decrease in the amount of transmitted light, etc., but in the case of a structure having a coloring agent layer on the surface of the core particle, there is no such concern. In the manufacturing process, by separating only the colorant layer forming process, it is possible to handle toners of multiple colors, and therefore manufacturing costs can be reduced.
芯粒子の表面に着色剤を含む着色剤層を形成する方法と
しては、特に限定されるものではなく、芯粒子表面に、
着色剤のみを湿式あるいは乾式的にファンデルワールス
力および静電気力の作用により付着させた後、熱あるい
は機械的衝撃力などにより母体芯粒子に付着固定化させ
る方法、あるいはまた着色剤を熱可塑性樹脂微粒子とと
もに付着固定化させる方法ないしは着色剤を含有する合
成樹脂微粒子を付着固定化させる方法等を挙げることが
できる。また着色剤として染料を用いることも可能であ
る。The method of forming a coloring agent layer containing a coloring agent on the surface of the core particle is not particularly limited.
A method in which only the colorant is attached wet or dry by the action of van der Waals force and electrostatic force, and then it is attached and fixed to the base core particles by heat or mechanical impact force, or alternatively, the colorant is attached to the base core particle by applying heat or mechanical impact force, or the colorant is attached to a thermoplastic resin. Examples include a method of adhering and immobilizing the particles together with the fine particles, a method of adhering and immobilizing the synthetic resin fine particles containing a coloring agent, and the like. It is also possible to use dyes as colorants.
ここで使用される樹脂微粒子は、具体的には平均粒径が
0.05〜30μm1好ましくは0.1〜1μmのもの
が使用される。平均粒径が0.05μmより小さい粉体
は製造がむずかしく、また3μmより大きいと芯粒子の
表面を均一に被覆することが難しくなる。Specifically, the fine resin particles used here have an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 30 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm. Powders with an average particle diameter smaller than 0.05 μm are difficult to manufacture, and powders with an average particle diameter larger than 3 μm make it difficult to uniformly coat the surface of the core particles.
着色剤層は、上述したように着色剤のみから、あるいは
着色剤と樹脂微粒子とから構成されるが、樹脂微粒子を
併用して着色剤層を形成する際の樹脂微粒子の使用量は
、芯粒子全重量の示す100重量部に対して50重量部
以下、好ましくは20重量部以下である。50重量部よ
り多いと着色剤濃度が低下し、芯粒子表面に着色剤層を
形成する効果が損なわれる。As mentioned above, the colorant layer is composed of the colorant alone or the colorant and the resin particles, but when the colorant layer is formed using resin particles in combination, the amount of resin particles used is the same as that of the core particles. The amount is 50 parts by weight or less, preferably 20 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight. When the amount is more than 50 parts by weight, the colorant concentration decreases, and the effect of forming a colorant layer on the surface of the core particle is impaired.
このような方法によると、芯粒子の形状および粒径分布
を実質的に変化させることなく、容易に芯粒子の外表面
を実質的に完全に覆う着色剤層を形成できるものである
。According to such a method, a colorant layer that substantially completely covers the outer surface of the core particles can be easily formed without substantially changing the shape and particle size distribution of the core particles.
着色剤層に用いられる着色剤としては、以下に示すよう
な、各種、各色の顔料、染料が使用可能である。As the colorant used in the colorant layer, various pigments and dyes of various colors as shown below can be used.
黄色顔料としては、c、 1、10316(ナフトー
ルエローS)、C,1,11710(ハンザエロー10
G)、C,1,11660(ハンザエロー5G)、c、
r、11670(ハンザエロー3G)、C,1,116
80(ハンザエロー〇)、C,I。Yellow pigments include C, 1, 10316 (Naphthol Yellow S), C, 1, 11710 (Hansa Yellow 10
G), C, 1, 11660 (Hansa Yellow 5G), c,
r, 11670 (Hansa Yellow 3G), C, 1,116
80 (Hansa Yellow), C, I.
11730(ハンザエローGR)、C,1,11735
(ハンザエローA)、C,1,11740(ハンザx
o −RN)、C−r−12710(/’ンザエローR
)、C,1,12720(ピグメントエローL)、C,
1,21090(ベンジジンエロー)、C,1,121
095(ベンジジンエローG)、C81,21100(
ベンジジンエローGR)、C,1゜20040(パーマ
ネント二ロ−NCG)、C,1゜21220(パルカン
ファストエロー5)、C,I。11730 (Hansa Yellow GR), C, 1, 11735
(Hansa Yellow A), C, 1, 11740 (Hansa x
o -RN), C-r-12710(/'Nzaero R
), C, 1, 12720 (Pigment Yellow L), C,
1,21090 (benzidine yellow), C, 1,121
095 (Benzidine Yellow G), C81, 21100 (
Benzidine Yellow GR), C, 1° 20040 (Permanent Niro-NCG), C, 1° 21220 (Palcan Fast Yellow 5), C, I.
21135(パルカンファストエローR)なトカする。21135 (Palkant Fast Yellow R) Toka.
赤色系顔料としては、c、 1、12055(スター
リンf)、c、r、12075(パーマネントオレンジ
)、C,1,12175(リソールファストオレンジ3
GL)、C,1,12305(パーマネントオレンジG
TR)、c、 1、11725(ハンザエロー3R)
、c、r、21165(ハンザファストオレンジGG)
、C,1,21110(ベンジジンオレンジG)、C,
1,12120(パーマネントレッド4R)、C,1,
1270(バラレッド)、C,1,12085(ファイ
ヤーレッド)、C11,12315(ブリリアントファ
ストスカーレット)、c、r、12310(パーマネン
トレッドF2R)、C,1,12335(パーマネント
レッドF4R)、c、 1、12440(パーマネン
トレッドFRL)、C,1,12460(パーマネント
レッドFRLL)、c、 1、12420(パーマネ
ントレッドF4RH)、C,1,12450(ライトフ
ァストレッドトーナーB)、C,1,12490(パー
マネントオレンジ
リリアントカーミン6B)などがある。また青色顔料と
しては、C,I−74100(無金属7りロシアニンブ
ルー)、C,1,7415Q(7タロシアニンブルー)
、C,1,74180(ファーストスカイブルー)など
がある。Red pigments include C, 1, 12055 (Stalin F), C, R, 12075 (Permanent Orange), C, 1, 12175 (Lysol Fast Orange 3).
GL), C, 1, 12305 (Permanent Orange G
TR), c, 1, 11725 (Hansa Yellow 3R)
, c, r, 21165 (Hansa Fast Orange GG)
, C, 1,21110 (benzidine orange G), C,
1,12120 (Permanent Red 4R), C,1,
1270 (rose red), C, 1, 12085 (fire red), C 11, 12315 (brilliant fast scarlet), c, r, 12310 (permanent red F2R), C, 1, 12335 (permanent red F4R), c, 1 , 12440 (Permanent Red FRL), C, 1, 12460 (Permanent Red FRLL), C, 1, 12420 (Permanent Red F4RH), C, 1, 12450 (Light Fast Red Toner B), C, 1, 12490 (Permanent Orange Liliant Carmine 6B). In addition, as blue pigments, C,I-74100 (metal-free 7-thalocyanine blue), C,1,7415Q (7-talocyanine blue)
, C, 1,74180 (first sky blue), etc.
これらの着色剤は、単独であるいは複数組合せて用いる
ことができる。These colorants can be used alone or in combination.
着色剤を芯粒子中に分散させる場合、その添加量は、芯
粒子構成樹脂100重量部に対して2〜50重量部、好
ましくは3〜12重量部である。When the colorant is dispersed in the core particles, the amount added is 2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin constituting the core particles.
50重量部より多いと階調性が得られず、2重量部より
少ないと画像濃度が得られない。If it is more than 50 parts by weight, gradation cannot be obtained, and if it is less than 2 parts by weight, image density cannot be obtained.
芯粒子表面に着色剤を分散した樹脂層を形成する場合は
、着色剤が30vt%以上、好ましくは50wt%以上
含まれるように形成する。30wt%より少ないと高濃
度の着色剤層を形成する十分な効果が得られない。When forming a resin layer in which a colorant is dispersed on the surface of the core particle, the resin layer is formed so that the colorant is contained in an amount of 30 wt% or more, preferably 50 wt% or more. If it is less than 30 wt%, a sufficient effect of forming a highly concentrated colorant layer cannot be obtained.
しかして、芯粒子としては平均粒径が1〜20μm1好
ましくは3〜15μm1より好ましくは5〜10μmの
大きさの樹脂粒子として形成される。Therefore, the core particles are formed as resin particles having an average particle size of 1 to 20 μm, preferably 3 to 15 μm, and more preferably 5 to 10 μm.
本発明においては、さらに芯粒子の形状係数を150以
下、好ましくは、130以下であることが望ましい。In the present invention, it is further desirable that the shape factor of the core particle is 150 or less, preferably 130 or less.
形状係数とは、粒子の長径/短径の差(歪み性)を示す
パラメータとして使用され、一般に粉体粒子の球形度を
示すものであって、以下に示されるような式により定義
され、トナー粒子の形状が真#L−:Fr+、s I$
V ? /7’+$305&M/ilf礒CI l
’l n I−%+ %aとなるものである。The shape factor is used as a parameter to indicate the difference (distortion) between the major axis and minor axis of particles, and generally indicates the sphericity of powder particles, and is defined by the formula shown below. Particle shape is true #L-: Fr+, s I$
V? /7'+$305&M/ilf 礒CI l
'l n I-%+%a.
(式中、面積とは粉体の投影面積の平均値を示し、最大
長とは粉体の投影像における最大長の平均値を示す。)
本発明のトナーは、定着後に透明な樹脂層の内部に、数
μmの着色芯粒子が分散し、入射光がこれに反射するこ
とによって色再現を行うものである。このとき、着色芯
粒子が(粉砕型トナーのような)非球形であると、トナ
ー層内部の散乱が多くなり、幾層にも重ね合わせた際に
、下層の色再現性がやや悪くなる傾向にある。また、○
HPシート上に定着した場合、透過率が落ちるので、全
体に暗くなりやすい。このような問題が形状係数を規定
された芯粒子を使用することにより解決される。(In the formula, the area indicates the average value of the projected area of the powder, and the maximum length indicates the average value of the maximum length in the projected image of the powder.) The toner of the present invention has a transparent resin layer after fixing. Colored core particles several micrometers in size are dispersed inside, and color reproduction is achieved by reflecting incident light onto them. At this time, if the colored core particles are non-spherical (such as in pulverized toner), scattering inside the toner layer increases, and when stacked in multiple layers, the color reproducibility of the lower layer tends to be slightly worse. It is in. Also, ○
When fixed on a HP sheet, the transmittance decreases, so the entire surface tends to become dark. Such problems are solved by using core particles with a defined shape factor.
粉砕型で得られた不定型の芯粒子等は、球形化処理、例
えば加熱処理、機械的混合、高速気流中衝撃法等を施す
ことにより上記形状係数を有する粒子とすることができ
る。なお本明細書に示される各個はイメージアナライザ
ー(日本レギュレータ社製、ルーゼックス5000)に
よって測定されたものであるが、一般に球形度の測定に
おいては、機種によって大きな差は認められないので、
特に上記機種で測定されなければならないことを意味す
るものではない。The amorphous core particles etc. obtained by the pulverization type can be made into particles having the above-mentioned shape factor by subjecting them to spheroidization treatment, such as heat treatment, mechanical mixing, high-speed air impact method, etc. Each of the items shown in this specification was measured using an image analyzer (Luzex 5000, manufactured by Nippon Regulator Co., Ltd.), but generally speaking, there is not a large difference in the measurement of sphericity depending on the model, so
This does not mean that the measurement must be performed with the above-mentioned model in particular.
以上のようにして得られた芯粒子は、外殻樹脂層で被覆
する。The core particles obtained as described above are covered with an outer shell resin layer.
外殻樹脂層はトナ一定着、トナー面の平滑化の役割を担
い、透光性の良好なもので構成すればよい。具体的には
、芯粒子と同様の熱可塑性樹脂で形成することができる
が、透光性を確保する観点からゲル化成分が実質的に含
まないものを使用する。実質的に含まないとは、ゲル化
成分が多くとも1wt%を越えないということである。The outer shell resin layer plays the role of fixing the toner and smoothing the toner surface, and may be made of a material with good translucency. Specifically, it can be formed from the same thermoplastic resin as the core particles, but from the viewpoint of ensuring translucency, one that does not substantially contain a gelling component is used. Substantially free means that the gelling component does not exceed 1 wt% at most.
軟化点については芯粒子の構成樹脂と前記した関係にあ
るものを使用する。芯粒子の表面に外殻樹脂層を形成す
る方法としては、特に限定されるものではない。Regarding the softening point, those having the above-mentioned relationship with the constituent resin of the core particles are used. The method for forming the outer shell resin layer on the surface of the core particle is not particularly limited.
例えば芯粒子と該芯粒子に対して小粒径、より具体的に
は約115以下の微小樹脂粒子を適当な配合比で機械的
に混合し、ファンデルワールス力および静電気力の作用
により前記芯粒子の周囲に均一に微小樹脂粒子を付着さ
せI;後、微小樹脂粒子を例えば衝撃力などにより生じ
る局部的温度上昇により微小樹脂粒子を軟化させ成膜す
る方法が好ましく上げられる。なお、ここで使用される
外殻樹脂層形成用微小樹脂粒子は、平均粒径が0゜05
〜3μm1好ましくは0.1〜1μmであり、平均粒径
が0.05μmより小さい粉体は製造上むずかしくまた
3μmより大きいと、芯粒子の表面を被覆成膜化するこ
とが難しくなる。For example, by mechanically mixing core particles and micro resin particles with a small particle size, more specifically, about 115 or less, in an appropriate blending ratio, the core particles are Preferred is a method in which fine resin particles are uniformly attached around the particles, and then the fine resin particles are softened by a local temperature rise caused by, for example, an impact force to form a film. The fine resin particles for forming the outer shell resin layer used here have an average particle diameter of 0°05.
~3 μm 1 Preferably 0.1 to 1 μm. Powders with an average particle size smaller than 0.05 μm are difficult to manufacture, and powders with an average particle size larger than 3 μm make it difficult to coat the surface of the core particles with a film.
また外殻樹脂層を形成する際の微小樹脂粒子の使用量は
、芯粒子全重量の示す100重量部に対して5〜50重
量部、好ましくは10〜30重量部である。すなわち、
外殻樹脂層を形成する樹脂の量が5重量部より少ないと
芯粒子を完全に外殻樹脂層により覆うことが困難となる
。The amount of fine resin particles used in forming the outer shell resin layer is 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the core particles. That is,
If the amount of resin forming the outer shell resin layer is less than 5 parts by weight, it will be difficult to completely cover the core particles with the outer shell resin layer.
一方50重量部を越えて使用すると均一な外殻樹脂層を
形成することができない。On the other hand, if more than 50 parts by weight is used, a uniform outer shell resin layer cannot be formed.
以上のようにして、芯粒子表面上に膜厚0.1〜2μm
1好ましくは0.3〜1μmの外殻樹脂層が形成される
。このような方法によると、芯粒子の形状および粒径分
布を実質的に変化させることなく、容易に芯粒子の外表
面を実質的に完全に覆う外殻樹脂層を形成できるもので
ある。またこのようにして得られるトナー粒子の表面性
状は芯粒子および外殻樹脂層形成粒子の組成、物性(粒
径、熱的特性およびゲル化成分等)を選ぶことにより、
さらに処理条件、処理回数を適宜選択することにより平
滑性・表面粗度を変化させることができる。As described above, a film with a thickness of 0.1 to 2 μm was formed on the surface of the core particle.
1. An outer shell resin layer preferably having a thickness of 0.3 to 1 μm is formed. According to such a method, it is possible to easily form an outer shell resin layer that substantially completely covers the outer surface of the core particle without substantially changing the shape and particle size distribution of the core particle. The surface properties of the toner particles thus obtained can be determined by selecting the composition and physical properties (particle size, thermal properties, gelling components, etc.) of the core particles and outer resin layer forming particles.
Furthermore, the smoothness and surface roughness can be changed by appropriately selecting the processing conditions and the number of processing times.
トナー粒子の流動性、クリーニング性および帯電性など
の特性の面から球状でかつその表面に微小な凹凸を有す
る形態が望ましい。From the viewpoint of properties such as fluidity, cleanability, and chargeability of the toner particles, it is desirable that the toner particles be spherical and have minute irregularities on the surface.
なお、このような外殻樹脂層形成方法において好適に用
いられ得る装置としては、高速気流中衝撃法を応用した
ハイブリダイゼーションシステム(奈良機械製作所製)
、オングミル(ホンカワミクロン社製)、メカノミル(
開田精工社製)などがあしかしながら、熱可塑性樹脂被
覆層の形成方法としては、上記のごとき方法に何ら限定
されるものではなく、湿式コート、スプレードライ法等
公知の手法を用いることができる。In addition, as a device that can be suitably used in such an outer shell resin layer forming method, a hybridization system (manufactured by Nara Kikai Seisakusho) that applies a high-speed air flow impact method is a device that can be suitably used.
, Ong Mill (manufactured by Honkawa Micron), Mechano Mill (
However, the method of forming the thermoplastic resin coating layer is not limited to the above-mentioned methods, and known methods such as wet coating and spray drying can be used.
本構成のトナーは、表面に着色剤を露出させないので、
着色剤の環境変動に起因する帯電性の変化や、低粘度樹
脂より遊離して感光体やキャリア粒子に付着することに
より発生するトラブルを引き起こすこともない。また、
着色剤の異なるトナーを製造しても、一般に強い帯電性
を示す着色剤が、トナー粒子としての帯電に寄与しない
ために、帯電性をそろえることが容易である。Since the toner with this configuration does not expose the colorant on the surface,
It does not cause troubles caused by changes in the chargeability of the colorant due to environmental changes or by the colorant being released from the low-viscosity resin and adhering to the photoreceptor or carrier particles. Also,
Even if toners with different colorants are manufactured, it is easy to make the chargeability uniform since the colorant, which generally exhibits strong chargeability, does not contribute to the chargeability of toner particles.
本発明の静電潜像現像用トナーにおいては、外殻樹脂層
に荷電制御剤を添加してもよい。In the toner for developing electrostatic latent images of the present invention, a charge control agent may be added to the outer shell resin layer.
この場合、荷電制御剤は、トナー粒子の表面部に局在さ
せることができるために、極めて少量の荷電制御剤にて
より有効な荷電制御を行なえ、使用する機械の帯電特性
に対して、外殻樹脂層の調節たけで対応することができ
、有色の荷電制御剤を用いてもカラー画像として鮮明で
色の濁りもなく、また例えば、高画質化に伴いより小粒
径のものとしても十分な帯電性を付与することができる
ものである。また、このように荷電制御剤を用いて帯電
性を付与した場合、帯電量の立ち上がりが速くこのIこ
め撹拌時間の違いに左右されることなく、安定した帯電
量分布を得ることができ、画質の向上により有利である
。なお、荷電制御剤は、外殻樹脂層を構成する際に微小
樹脂粒子に混在させることも、外殻樹脂層表面部に存在
させることも、あるいはまたその両方に存在させること
もできるが、外殻樹脂層表面部のみに局在化させること
が好ましい。荷電制御剤を外殻樹脂層の表面部に付着さ
せる態様においては、前記したような方法により上記の
ごとく形成された外殻樹脂表面に付着させた後、機械的
衝撃力などにより固着させればよい。しかしながら、も
ちろんこのような方法に限定されるものではない。In this case, since the charge control agent can be localized on the surface of the toner particles, more effective charge control can be performed with a very small amount of the charge control agent, and the charging characteristics of the machine used can be affected by the charge control agent. This can be achieved simply by adjusting the shell resin layer, and even if a colored charge control agent is used, the color image will be clear and there will be no color turbidity, and for example, it is sufficient to use a smaller particle size as the image quality increases. It is capable of imparting excellent charging properties. In addition, when a charge control agent is used to impart chargeability, the charge builds up rapidly and is not affected by differences in stirring time, making it possible to obtain a stable charge distribution and improve image quality. This is advantageous due to the improvement in Note that the charge control agent can be mixed with the minute resin particles when forming the outer shell resin layer, be present on the surface of the outer shell resin layer, or be present in both; It is preferable to localize it only on the surface of the shell resin layer. In the embodiment in which the charge control agent is attached to the surface of the outer shell resin layer, the charge control agent may be attached to the outer shell resin surface formed as described above by the method described above, and then fixed by mechanical impact force or the like. good. However, it is of course not limited to this method.
また、使用される荷電制御剤としては、摩擦帯電により
正または負の荷電を与え得るものであれば、特に限定さ
れず有機あるいは無機の各種のものが用いられ得る。Further, the charge control agent to be used is not particularly limited, and various organic or inorganic ones can be used as long as it can impart positive or negative charge through triboelectric charging.
以下に本発明を寅施例を用いて説明する。The present invention will be explained below using examples.
芯粒子の製造例(a)
区−盆 重量部スチレン−
n−プチルメタクIルート利吋脂
100(ガラス転移点、60℃、Mn :800
0、Mw/Mn+21、軟化点128℃)
フタロシアニン顔料 3(C1,74
160)
上記材料をボールミルで充分混合した後、140°Cで
加熱した3本のロール上で混練した。混練物を放置冷却
後、フェザ−ミルを用いて粗粉砕し、さらにジェットミ
ルで微粉砕した。つぎIこ、風力分級し、平均粒径8.
8μm1形状係数163である粒子を得た。Example of manufacturing core particles (a) Part by weight Styrene
n-butyl methac I root fat
100 (glass transition point, 60°C, Mn: 800
0, Mw/Mn+21, softening point 128°C) Phthalocyanine pigment 3 (C1,74
160) The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a ball mill and then kneaded on three rolls heated at 140°C. After the kneaded material was left to cool, it was coarsely ground using a feather mill, and further finely ground using a jet mill. Next, air classification was performed, and the average particle size was 8.
Particles having a size of 8 μm and a shape factor of 163 were obtained.
得られた粒子を芯粒子(a)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (a).
芯粒子の製造例(b)
芯粒子の製造例(a)により得られた粒子を熱気流中に
おいて加熱球状化処理を施すことによって平均粒径:
8.2μ量
形状係数: 121
の粒子を得た。Production Example of Core Particles (b) The particles obtained in Core Particle Production Example (a) are subjected to heating spheroidization treatment in a hot air flow to obtain an average particle size of:
Particles with a size of 8.2μ and a shape factor of 121 were obtained.
得られた粒子を芯粒子(b)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (b).
芯粒子の製造例(C)
芯粒子の製造例(a)において、フタロシアニン顔料を
除く以外は同様の組成、製造方法を用いて平均粒径:
8.4μ寵
形状係数: 168
の粒子を得た。(この段階での粒子をコア粒子(I)と
する。Production example of core particles (C) In production example (a) of core particles, the average particle size was obtained using the same composition and production method except for the phthalocyanine pigment.
Particles with a shape factor of 8.4μ: 168 were obtained. (The particles at this stage are referred to as core particles (I).
こうして得たコア粒子に7りロシアニン顔料(C1,7
4160)3重量部をヘンシェルミキサーで混合しく1
500rpm、 2分間)、さらに奈良機械ハイブリダ
イゼーションシステムを用いてコア粒子表面に顔料を固
定化(NH5−1ffi、900Qrpm、 3分間)
することによって1色芯粒子を得l;。The core particles obtained in this way contain 7-cyanine pigment (C1,7
4160) 3 parts by weight were mixed in a Henschel mixer.
500 rpm, 2 minutes), and then fix the pigment on the core particle surface using the Nara machine hybridization system (NH5-1ffi, 900Q rpm, 3 minutes)
By doing this, one-color core particles are obtained.
平均粒径: 8.6μm 形状係数= 139 得られた粒子を芯粒子(c)とする。Average particle size: 8.6μm Shape factor = 139 The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (c).
芯粒子の製造例(d)
芯粒子の製造例(C)において、コア粒子(1)を熱気
流中において加熱球状化処理を施した後着色剤の固定化
を行うことによって、
平均粒径: 8.7μm
形状係数= 129
の粒子を得た。Production Example of Core Particles (d) In Production Example of Core Particles (C), the core particles (1) are subjected to heat spheroidization treatment in a hot air flow, and then the colorant is fixed, so that the average particle size: Particles of 8.7 μm shape factor=129 were obtained.
得られた粒子を芯粒子(d)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (d).
芯粒子の製造例(e)
芯粒子の製造例(C)において、シード重合法により得
られた単分散、球状のスチレン−n−ブチルアクリレー
トの共重合体ポリマー(平均粒径:8゜0μm1形状係
数=108、ガラス転移温度:54°C1ゲル化成分量
:12wt%、軟化点温度131°C1数平均分子量M
n:1000、分子量分布Mw/Mn:25)の粒子(
コア粒子(II)とする)をコア粒子(I)に代える以
外は同様の組成、製造方法を用いて
平均粒径: 8.2μm
形状係数: 126
の粒子を得た。Core particle production example (e) In core particle production example (C), monodisperse, spherical styrene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer polymer obtained by seed polymerization method (average particle size: 8° 0 μm 1 shape) Coefficient = 108, glass transition temperature: 54°C1 gelling component amount: 12wt%, softening point temperature 131°C1 number average molecular weight M
n: 1000, molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn: 25) particles (
Particles having an average particle diameter of 8.2 μm and a shape factor of 126 were obtained using the same composition and production method except that core particles (referred to as core particles (II)) were replaced with core particles (I).
得られた粒子を芯粒子(e)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (e).
芯粒子の製造例(f)
芯粒子の製造例(e)において、着色剤をベンジジンイ
エロー(C1,21090)3重量部に代える以外は同
様の組成、製造方法を用いて平均粒径: 8.2μm
形状係数: 127
の粒子を得た。Production example (f) of core particles In production example (e) of core particles, the same composition and production method were used except that the colorant was replaced with 3 parts by weight of benzidine yellow (C1, 21090), and the average particle size: 8. Particles of 2 μm shape factor: 127 were obtained.
得られた粒子を芯粒子(f)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (f).
芯粒子の製造例(g)
芯粒子の製造例(e)において、コア粒子(II)に対
して着色剤を付着、固定化する工程において、顔料3重
量部に加えて、後記の子粒子(ii)10重量部を同時
に処理することによって
平均粒径: 8.7μm
形状係数= 131
の粒子を得た。Core particle production example (g) In the core particle production example (e), in the step of attaching and fixing the colorant to the core particle (II), in addition to 3 parts by weight of the pigment, child particles ( ii) Particles having an average particle size of 8.7 μm and a shape factor of 131 were obtained by simultaneously processing 10 parts by weight.
得られた粒子を芯粒子(g)とする。The obtained particles are referred to as core particles (g).
芯粒子の製造例(h)
芯粒子の製造例(d)において、コア粒子の材料として
樹脂をガラス転移点=48°(!SMn: 6000、
Mw/Mn=6.7、軟化点温度:108℃の物性を有
するものに代える以外は、同様の製造方法を用いて
平均粒径: 8.4μm
形状係数: 130
の粒子を得た。Core particle manufacturing example (h) In the core particle manufacturing example (d), a resin with a glass transition point of 48° (!SMn: 6000,
Particles having an average particle diameter of 8.4 μm and a shape factor of 130 were obtained using the same manufacturing method except that the physical properties were changed to those having Mw/Mn=6.7 and a softening point temperature of 108° C.
子粒子の製造例(i)
撹拌機、コンデンサー、不活性ガス導入管、温度計を取
り付けた3Qの四つロフラスコ中において、分散液とし
て、スチレンモノマー70重量部、n−ブチルメタクリ
レート25重量部、n−ブチルアクリレート5重量部に
重合開始剤、過酸化ベンゾイル1.5重量部を用い、分
散媒としては蒸溜水1000ccに適量の完全ケン化ポ
リビニルアルコール(重合度約1000)2%およびド
デシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ1%を加えたものを用
いて、それらを液槽に調合し、混合分散手段とじて特殊
機化工業社製rTKオートホモミクサー」を用いて、タ
ービンを1500rpmから段階的に回転数を上昇させ
なから1200Orpmで混合分散を行なった。この分
散混合液を最終回転数で撹拌を継続しながら、80°C
で4時間加熱し重合を行なっtこ。Production example of child particles (i) In a 3Q four-bottle flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, an inert gas inlet tube, and a thermometer, as a dispersion, 70 parts by weight of styrene monomer, 25 parts by weight of n-butyl methacrylate, A polymerization initiator and 1.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide are used in 5 parts by weight of n-butyl acrylate, and as a dispersion medium, an appropriate amount of 2% fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization about 1000) and dodecylbenzenesulfone are added to 1000 cc of distilled water. Added 1% acid soda, mix them in a liquid tank, and use Tokushu Kika Kogyo's rTK Auto Homo Mixer as a mixing and dispersing means to gradually increase the rotation speed of the turbine from 1500 rpm. Mixing and dispersion was carried out at 1200 rpm without increasing the speed. The dispersion mixture was heated to 80°C while continuing to stir at the final rotation speed.
Polymerization was carried out by heating for 4 hours.
重合終了後、遠心脱水機で濾過し、純水で8回洗浄後、
真空乾燥し解砕し、数平均分子量Mn7000、分子量
分布My/Mn=2.3、ガラス転移点65℃、軟化点
120℃の粒径0.5μmのスチレン・アクリル樹脂微
小粒子を得た。After polymerization, it was filtered with a centrifugal dehydrator and washed 8 times with pure water.
The mixture was vacuum dried and crushed to obtain styrene/acrylic resin microparticles with a number average molecular weight Mn of 7000, a molecular weight distribution My/Mn=2.3, a glass transition point of 65° C., a softening point of 120° C., and a particle size of 0.5 μm.
得られた微小樹脂粒子を子粒子(i)とする。The obtained fine resin particles are referred to as child particles (i).
子粒子の製造例(i+)
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計を備えた重合反応器中に
おいて、イオン交換水lQに3%の完全ケン化ポリビニ
ルアルコール(重合度約1000)および1%のドデシ
ルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダを加えたものにメチルメタ
クリレート70重量部、n−ブチルメタクリレート20
重量部、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート2重量部
、ステアリン酸メタクリレート5重量部、および重合開
始剤:過酸化ベンゾイル0.05重量部を溶解し、混合
分散手段として特殊機化工業社製TKオートホモミクサ
ーを用いて、タービンを11000rpから段階的に回
転数を上昇させながら、100010000rp℃で5
時間加熱し重合を行なった。Production example of child particles (i+) In a polymerization reactor equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, and a thermometer, 3% fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization about 1000) and 1% dodecylbenzenesulfone were added to ion-exchanged water 1Q. 70 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 20 parts by weight of n-butyl methacrylate to which sodium acid was added.
Parts by weight, 2 parts by weight of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 5 parts by weight of stearic acid methacrylate, and 0.05 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator were dissolved, and a TK autohomo mixer manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as a mixing and dispersing means. The rotation speed of the turbine was gradually increased from 11,000 rpm using
Polymerization was carried out by heating for a period of time.
重合終了後、遠心脱水機で濾過し、純水で7〜8回洗浄
し、真空乾燥した後、解砕・分級して、ガラス転移点T
g=63℃、軟化点Tm−134°C1ゲル化成分量3
%の平均粒径1.0μmの熱可塑性樹脂微粒子を得た。After the polymerization is completed, it is filtered with a centrifugal dehydrator, washed 7 to 8 times with pure water, vacuum dried, and then crushed and classified to obtain the glass transition point T.
g = 63°C, softening point Tm - 134°C1 gelling component amount 3
% thermoplastic resin fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm were obtained.
得られた微小樹脂粒子を子粒子(Li)とする。The obtained fine resin particles are referred to as child particles (Li).
子粒子の製造例(ml)
子粒子の製造例(ii)において、n−ブチルメタクリ
レート、ステアリン酸メタクリレート、エチレングリコ
ールジメタクリレートを用いない以外は同様の組成、製
造方法を用いてガラス転移点Tg=81”c、軟化点T
m=165℃、gel化成分量0%、平均粒径0.9μ
m1の熱可塑性樹脂微粒子を得た。Production example of child particles (ml) In production example (ii) of child particles, the same composition and production method were used except that n-butyl methacrylate, stearic acid methacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were not used, and the glass transition point Tg = 81”c, softening point T
m=165℃, gelling component amount 0%, average particle size 0.9μ
1 m of thermoplastic resin fine particles were obtained.
得られた微小樹脂粒子を子粒子(i)とする。The obtained fine resin particles are referred to as child particles (i).
キャリアの製造例
以下に述べる実施例において製造されるトナー粒子と混
合されて現像剤を達成するキャリアは、バインダー型キ
ャリアで以下のようにして得られたものである。Example of Preparation of Carrier The carrier that is mixed with toner particles to form a developer in the Examples described below is a binder type carrier obtained in the following manner.
成 分 重量部マグタイト
200(S L −S P、
チタン工業社製)スチレン−アクリル共重合樹脂
100(プライオライドACL、グフドイヤーケミカル
社製)シリカ#200 2(日本
アエロジル社製)
以上の成分をスーパーミキサーで十分混合して一軸押出
混練機で混練後、冷却粗粉砕し、ハンマーミルで平均粒
径35μに粉砕し、風力分級機で粗粉・微粉を分級し、
平均33μmのキャリアを得た。比重を測定すると2.
4g/cm3であった。Ingredients: Magtite by weight
200 (SL-SP,
(manufactured by Titan Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Styrene-acrylic copolymer resin
100 (Prioride ACL, manufactured by Goufdeyer Chemical Co., Ltd.) Silica #200 2 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) The above ingredients were thoroughly mixed in a super mixer, kneaded in a single screw extrusion kneader, cooled and coarsely ground, and then crushed in a hammer mill. Grind to an average particle size of 35μ, classify coarse powder and fine powder with a wind classifier,
Carriers with an average size of 33 μm were obtained. Measuring specific gravity 2.
It was 4g/cm3.
実施例1〜8
芯粒子の製造例(a)で得た芯粒子(a)100重量部
に対し、子粒子の製造例(i)で得た子粒子(1)30
重量部、負の荷電制御剤クロム錯塩型染料E81(オリ
エント化学工業社製)1重量部を、芯粒子の製造例(c
)Jこおいてコア粒子に着色剤層を設けるのに用いたの
と同様の処理にかけ、芯粒子(a)の表面に外殻樹脂層
を設け、平均粒径9.9μmのトナー(A)(実施例1
)を得た。Examples 1 to 8 For 100 parts by weight of the core particle (a) obtained in the production example (a) of the core particle, 30 parts by weight of the child particle (1) obtained in the production example (i) of the child particle
1 part by weight of negative charge control agent chromium complex dye E81 (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the core particle production example (c
) A toner (A) with an average particle size of 9.9 μm in which an outer resin layer was provided on the surface of the core particle (a) by applying the same treatment as that used to provide the colorant layer on the core particle in J. (Example 1
) was obtained.
下記表の芯粒子、子粒子を用いて、トナー(A)と同様
にして、トナー(B)〜(H)を得た。Toners (B) to (H) were obtained in the same manner as toner (A) using the core particles and child particles shown in the table below.
表1
比較例1
芯粒子の製造例(a)において、材料としてさらに負の
荷電制御剤クロム錯塩型染料E−81を3重量部加える
ことにより、平均粒径9.0μmのトナー(1)を得た
。こうして得たトナーに対し、実施例で行った耐刷時の
微粉蓄積評価を行った。Table 1 Comparative Example 1 In core particle production example (a), toner (1) with an average particle size of 9.0 μm was prepared by adding 3 parts by weight of a negative charge control agent chromium complex dye E-81 as a material. Obtained. The thus obtained toner was subjected to the evaluation of fine powder accumulation during continuous printing as in the examples.
比較例2〜6
下記表2の芯粒子、子粒子を用いて、トナー(A)と同
様にして、表2中に記載した平均粒径を有するトナー(
J)〜(N)を得た。Comparative Examples 2 to 6 Using the core particles and child particles shown in Table 2 below, a toner (
J) to (N) were obtained.
表2
以上、実施例1〜8および比較例1〜6で得られたトナ
ー(A)〜(N)調製に用いt;芯粒子および子粒子の
物性を表3中にまとめた。Table 2 The physical properties of the core particles and child particles used in the preparation of toners (A) to (N) obtained in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 3.
(以下、余白)
なお、表中のゲル化成分量とは、トルエンに対して溶け
ない樹脂成分を示すものであり、本明細書に示される各
個は以下の測定方法によるものである。すなわち、測定
する熱可塑性樹脂(Ms)[g]をグラスフィルター(
G−3)を用いてソックスレー抽出器によって抽出する
。こうして樹脂中のトルエン可溶成分を取除き、不溶成
分(Mr)の重量[gコを乾燥後測定する。このように
して得られた不溶成分の重量パーセントをゲル化成分量
とした。(Hereinafter, blank space) Note that the amount of gelling component in the table indicates a resin component that is insoluble in toluene, and each amount shown in this specification is determined by the following measurement method. That is, the thermoplastic resin (Ms) [g] to be measured was filtered through a glass filter (
G-3) using a Soxhlet extractor. In this way, the toluene soluble components in the resin are removed, and the weight [g] of the insoluble components (Mr) is measured after drying. The weight percent of the insoluble component thus obtained was defined as the amount of gelled component.
ゲル化成分量−(Mr/Ms)X 100軟化点(Tm
)は、転球式測定法を用いて得られたものである。Amount of gelling component - (Mr/Ms) x 100 Softening point (Tm
) were obtained using the rolling ball measurement method.
カラス転移点(Tg)は、セイコー電子社製DSCを用
いて測定されたものである。The glass transition point (Tg) was measured using a DSC manufactured by Seiko Electronics.
粒子の平均径は、レーザー散乱式粒度分布測定装置5A
LD−1100(高滓製作所社製)を用いた体積平均径
である。The average diameter of the particles was measured using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer 5A.
This is the volume average diameter using LD-1100 (manufactured by Takasugi Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
こうして得たトナー(A)〜(N)に対し、コロイダル
ンリカR−972(日本アエロジル社製)を0゜1 [
wt%]添加混合して得られたトナーと前記製造法に基
づくキャリアとを
トナー/キャリアー7/93(重量比)の割合で混合し
、2成分現像剤を調整した。この現像剤に対し、EP−
5400(ミノルタカメラ社製)の定着器をオイル塗布
方式に改良したテスト器を用いて紙とOHPシート上に
初期画像を得、次の評価を行った。To the toners (A) to (N) thus obtained, Colloidal Runrica R-972 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was added at 0°1 [
wt%] The toner obtained by addition and mixing and the carrier based on the above manufacturing method were mixed at a ratio of toner/carrier of 7/93 (weight ratio) to prepare a two-component developer. For this developer, EP-
Initial images were obtained on paper and an OHP sheet using a test device in which the fixing device of 5400 (manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.) was modified to an oil coating method, and the following evaluations were performed.
Φ 定着強度
紙とOHPシート上の各画像に対し、砂消しゴムを用い
て20回こすり、両画像の乱れを目視評価し、下記に基
づき5段階にランク付けを行った。結果を表4に示した
。Φ Fixing strength Each image on the paper and the OHP sheet was rubbed 20 times using a sand eraser, and the disturbances in both images were visually evaluated and ranked in five stages based on the following. The results are shown in Table 4.
5・・・両画像に乱れが認められない。5...No disturbance is observed in both images.
4・・・どちらか一方の画像の濃度がやや薄くなってい
る。4...The density of one of the images is slightly lighter.
3・・・両画像にやや乱れが認められる。3: Slight disturbance is observed in both images.
2・・・どちらか一方の画像が、大きく乱れている。2...One of the images is greatly distorted.
1・・・両画像が大きく乱れている。1...Both images are greatly distorted.
■ 透過光量
OHPシート上の画像を、オーバーへラドプロジェクタ
−にて投影した際の、投影像の光量を目視評価し、5段
階にランク付けを行った。結果を表4に示した。ランク
3以上で使用可能であるが4以上が好ましい。(2) Amount of transmitted light When the image on the OHP sheet was projected using an over-the-air projector, the amount of light of the projected image was visually evaluated and ranked in five levels. The results are shown in Table 4. It can be used with rank 3 or higher, but rank 4 or higher is preferable.
■ 透過画像色調
OHPシート上の画像を、オーバーヘッドプロジェクタ
−にて投影した際の、投影像の色調の明るさを目視評価
し、5段階にランク付けを行った。(2) Transmitted image color tone When the image on the OHP sheet was projected using an overhead projector, the brightness of the color tone of the projected image was visually evaluated and ranked in five levels.
結果を表4に示した。ランク3以上で使用可能であるが
、4以上が好ましい。The results are shown in Table 4. It can be used with rank 3 or higher, but rank 4 or higher is preferable.
■ 重ね合わせ時の色調
紙上の画像に対し、更にトナー(F)を用いて画像を構
成し、トナーが重なり会って定着した部分の色調の明る
さを目視により評価し、5段階にランク付けを行った。■ Construct the image using toner (F) for the image on the toned paper when overlapping, visually evaluate the brightness of the color tone in the area where the toner overlaps and is fixed, and rank it in 5 stages. went.
結果を表4に示した。ランク3以上で使用可能であるが
4以上が好ましい。The results are shown in Table 4. It can be used with rank 3 or higher, but rank 4 or higher is preferable.
慴 耐刷時の微粉蓄積
初期評価後、耐刷評価を行い、1万毎コピー後の現像剤
に対して微粉の蓄積量を測定した。測定は、現像剤を少
量ビーカーにサンプリングし、界面活性剤を含む溶媒に
超音波を用いて分散させ、分散液中に永久磁石を投入す
ることによりキャリア粒子を付着させた状態で上澄み液
をレーザー散乱式粒度分布測定装置5ALD−1100
(高滓製作所社製)に投入して行った。After the initial evaluation of fine powder accumulation during printing, a printing durability evaluation was performed, and the amount of accumulated fine powder was measured for the developer after every 10,000 copies. The measurement is carried out by sampling a small amount of developer into a beaker, dispersing it in a solvent containing a surfactant using ultrasonic waves, and inserting a permanent magnet into the dispersion to attach the carrier particles. Scattering particle size distribution measuring device 5ALD-1100
(manufactured by Takasu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
測定結果に於いて、3μm以下の体積平均粒度分布によ
って、5段階にランク付けを行った。結果を表4に示し
た。The measurement results were ranked into five levels based on the volume average particle size distribution of 3 μm or less. The results are shown in Table 4.
5・・・0 、3 [wt%]以下
4・・・0.3〜1 、0 [wt%13・・・1.0
〜3 、0 [wt%]2・・・3.0〜5 、0 [
wt%]l−・5.0[wt%]以上
(以下、余白)
表4
本発明のトナーは、微粉の発生が少なく、重ね合わせに
よる複写画像の下層色再現性lこすぐれ、また透過光に
よる色再現性に優れる。5...0, 3 [wt%] or less 4...0.3 to 1, 0 [wt%13...1.0
~3,0 [wt%]2...3.0~5,0 [
wt%] l-・5.0 [wt%] or more (hereinafter referred to as margin) Table 4 The toner of the present invention has a low generation of fine powder, poor color reproducibility of the lower layer of the copied image by overlaying, and transmitted light. Excellent color reproducibility.
特許出願人 ミノルタカメラ株式会社 代理 人弁理士青 山 葆 はか1名Patent applicant: Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. Acting patent attorney Aoyama Haka (1 person)
Claims (1)
成トナーにおいて、芯粒子を構成する樹脂の軟化点が外
殻樹脂層を構成する樹脂の軟化点に対して、5℃以上高
く、かつ芯粒子に着色剤を含有する静電潜像現像用トナ
ー。1. In a toner with a laminated structure consisting of at least a core particle and an outer shell resin layer, the softening point of the resin constituting the core particle is 5° C. or more higher than the softening point of the resin constituting the outer shell resin layer, and the core particle A toner for developing electrostatic latent images containing a colorant.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2129971A JPH0424645A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1990-05-18 | Electrostatic latent image developing toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2129971A JPH0424645A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1990-05-18 | Electrostatic latent image developing toner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0424645A true JPH0424645A (en) | 1992-01-28 |
Family
ID=15022965
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2129971A Pending JPH0424645A (en) | 1990-05-18 | 1990-05-18 | Electrostatic latent image developing toner |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0424645A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014026166A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-06 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Toner for electrostatic latent image development |
-
1990
- 1990-05-18 JP JP2129971A patent/JPH0424645A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014026166A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-06 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Toner for electrostatic latent image development |
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