JPS63139364A - Electrostatic charge image developing toner - Google Patents
Electrostatic charge image developing tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63139364A JPS63139364A JP61221969A JP22196986A JPS63139364A JP S63139364 A JPS63139364 A JP S63139364A JP 61221969 A JP61221969 A JP 61221969A JP 22196986 A JP22196986 A JP 22196986A JP S63139364 A JPS63139364 A JP S63139364A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- styrene
- fixing
- surface area
- specific surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 magnetism oxide Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940099800 pigment red 48 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYHIFXGFKVJNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O IYHIFXGFKVJNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000276331 Citrus maxima Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001890 Novodur Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WXLFIFHRGFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L azophloxine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=C2C(NC(=O)C)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 WXLFIFHRGFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCWZHTGDXLRULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-dienylbenzene styrene Chemical compound C(=C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PCWZHTGDXLRULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2138372 Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M crystal violet Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004180 red 2G Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012739 red 2G Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09725—Silicon-oxides; Silicates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［技術分野］
本発明は、電子写真法、静電印刷法などに用いられる静
電荷像現像用トナーに関し、特に熱ロール定着に用いら
れる正荷電性トナーに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a toner for developing electrostatic images used in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, etc., and particularly to a positively charged toner used for hot roll fixing.
［従来技術］
従来、電子写真法としては米国特許第
２、２９７．６９１号明細書等、多数の方法か知られて
いる。[Prior Art] Conventionally, many electrophotographic methods are known, such as those disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,297,691.
電気的潜像を現像剤（一般にトナー）を用いて可禍化す
る現像方法は、例えば、米国特許第２、８７４．０６３
号明細書、同２，６１８，５５２月明細書、同２，２２
１，７７６号明細書、同３．９０９．２５８号明細書等
に記載されている如く、種々知られている。A developing method in which an electrical latent image is made obsolete using a developer (generally toner) is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,874.063.
No. 2,618,55 February specification, No. 2,22
Various methods are known, as described in Japanese Patent No. 1,776, Japanese Patent Application No. 3,909,258, and the like.
これらの現像法に適用するトナーとしては、従来、天然
あるいは合成樹脂中に染料、顔料を分散させた微粉末が
使用されている。例えば、ポリスチレンなどの結着樹脂
中に着色剤を分散させたものを１〜３０μ程度に微粉砕
した粒子がトナーとして用いられている。磁性トナーと
してはマグネタイトなどの磁性体粒子を含有せしめたも
のが用いられている。いわゆる二成分現像剤を用いる方
式の場合には、トナーは通常ガラスピーズ、鉄粉などの
キャリア粒子と混合されて用いられる。As toners applied to these developing methods, fine powders in which dyes and pigments are dispersed in natural or synthetic resins have conventionally been used. For example, particles obtained by dispersing a colorant in a binder resin such as polystyrene and pulverizing the particles to about 1 to 30 μm are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the toner is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.
このトナー像の定着法としては、種々知られたもののう
ち、加熱定着法が多くの点て実利的で必り、特に加熱ロ
ーラ一定着器による接触加熱定着法は、熱効率が高くて
比較的低温の熱源を用い得ること、定着を高速度で達成
し得ることから広く慣用されている。Among the various methods known for fixing this toner image, the heat fixing method is practical in many respects and is essential.In particular, the contact heat fixing method using a constant heat roller fixer has high thermal efficiency and a relatively low temperature. It is widely used because it can use a heat source and achieve fixing at a high speed.
然るに接触加熱定着法においては、加熱ローラー等の加
熱体の表面がトナーに接触してこれを溶融せしめること
により定着が行なわれるため、加熱体の表面に溶融した
トナー或いは半溶融のトナーが付着して後続の転写紙等
に転写されるいわゆるオフセット現象が生じ易い。この
オフセット現象は、加熱によって溶融したトナーの粘弾
性が適当ではなくて過小のときに生ずるものである。However, in the contact heating fixing method, fixing is performed by the surface of a heating body such as a heating roller coming into contact with the toner and melting it, so that molten toner or semi-molten toner does not adhere to the surface of the heating body. The so-called offset phenomenon in which the image is transferred onto subsequent transfer paper or the like is likely to occur. This offset phenomenon occurs when the viscoelasticity of the toner melted by heating is inappropriate and too small.
一方、トナーは現像に供されるに際して激しい機械的な
衝撃、圧縮を受ける。これは当該トナーを帯電せしめる
ためであるが、この衝撃等によりトナー粒子が破砕され
るようになり、生じた微粉体が例えばトナーと共に攪拌
されるキャリアの表面に付着すること等により現像剤と
しての特性が劣化し、或いは静電荷像支持体に付着して
これが所謂地汚れの原因となる等、良好な可視画像の形
成が阻害される。On the other hand, toner is subjected to severe mechanical impact and compression when subjected to development. This is to charge the toner, but the toner particles are crushed by this impact, and the resulting fine powder adheres to the surface of the carrier that is stirred with the toner, so that it cannot be used as a developer. The formation of a good visible image is hindered, such as by deterioration of characteristics or by adhesion to the electrostatic image support, which causes so-called background smearing.
以上の如きオフセット現象が生じないような非オフセッ
ト性、並びに攪拌等の機械的衝撃に耐える耐衝撃性を有
するトナーを得るためには、当該トナーの構成成分であ
る重合体を架橋重合体とすることが有効であり、更にト
ナーとして好ましい耐久性、保存性も同時に得られる、
と考えられる。In order to obtain a toner that has non-offset properties that do not cause the above-mentioned offset phenomenon and has impact resistance that can withstand mechanical impacts such as agitation, the polymer that is a constituent component of the toner is a crosslinked polymer. This is effective, and also provides desirable durability and storage stability as a toner.
it is conceivable that.
而して従来、静電荷像現像用トナーは、軟質重合体と着
色剤とを溶融混練せしめて重合体中に着色剤を分散せし
め、この着色剤分散重合体を微粉砕することにより製造
されるが、重合体として架橋重合体を用いると、溶融混
練において大きな剪断力を加えなければならず、しかも
この剪断力によって架橋重合体の分子鎖が切断されるよ
うになって架橋重合体を用いる効果が減殺され、又均質
な着色剤分散重合体が得られたとしても、その重合体が
架橋重合体であるため、当然のことながら、かなり強靭
であってトナーとして要求される粒径（通常１〜５０μ
の範囲内）の微粒子に粉砕することが非常に困難となる
。即ち、上述の如き、溶融混練及び粉砕工程を含む方法
によって架橋重合体より成るトナーを製造することは困
難である。その上、当該製造方法によって１ｑられる微
粉体の粒径分布は非常に広くて実用に供し得るトナーを
１ｑるためには更に分級工程に付さなければならず、結
局工程が複層［でコストが高い、という当該方法自体の
欠点もある。Conventionally, toners for developing electrostatic images are manufactured by melt-kneading a soft polymer and a colorant to disperse the colorant in the polymer, and then finely pulverizing the colorant-dispersed polymer. However, when a crosslinked polymer is used as the polymer, a large shearing force must be applied during melt-kneading, and this shearing force breaks the molecular chains of the crosslinked polymer, reducing the effectiveness of using the crosslinked polymer. Even if a homogeneous colorant-dispersed polymer is obtained, since the polymer is a crosslinked polymer, it will naturally be quite tough and have a particle size smaller than the required particle size for toner (usually 1. ~50μ
(within the range of That is, it is difficult to produce a toner made of a crosslinked polymer by a method including melt-kneading and pulverization steps as described above. Furthermore, the particle size distribution of the fine powder produced by 1 q of this manufacturing method is very wide, and in order to produce 1 q of toner that can be used for practical purposes, it must be further subjected to a classification process, and as a result, the process is multi-layered and costly. There is also a drawback of this method itself, that is, that the
一方、粉砕工程を含まずに直接的に重合体微粒子を得る
方法として、重合性単量体を水中に分散懸濁せしめて懸
濁重合を行なう方法がある。On the other hand, as a method for directly obtaining polymer fine particles without a pulverization step, there is a method in which a polymerizable monomer is dispersed and suspended in water and suspension polymerization is performed.
しかしこの方法も製造工程は簡単だが、その制御は極め
て煩雑である。また、荷電制御剤や着色剤の分散も均一
とは言えず作成されたトナーも帯電性が不均一で実用に
十分供し冑ない。However, although this method also has a simple manufacturing process, its control is extremely complicated. Furthermore, the dispersion of the charge control agent and colorant is not uniform, and the resulting toner has non-uniform charging properties and is not suitable for practical use.
又、ワックスと５μ以下の炭酸マグネシウムや酸化マグ
ネシウムの如き充填剤を含有する磁性トナー（特開昭５
２−１０４９２９号公報等参照）やカオリンまたは炭酸
カルシウムと結着樹脂とイエロー、マゼンタおよびシア
ン用台着色剤を含有するカラートナー（特開昭５５−１
６６６５２号公報等参照）などが知られているが、前者
は圧力定着性トナーに限られ、又後者は極性が負のカラ
ートナーに限られる。In addition, magnetic toner containing wax and a filler such as magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide with a particle size of 5μ or less (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
2-104929, etc.) and a color toner containing kaolin or calcium carbonate, a binder resin, and a base coloring agent for yellow, magenta, and cyan (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-1
66652, etc.), but the former is limited to pressure fixable toners, and the latter is limited to color toners with negative polarity.
［目 的］
本発明は以上の如き実状に鑑みなされたもので、トナー
の非オフセット性、耐衝撃性を向上させ、しかも、トナ
ー粒子間またはトナーとキャリア間、−成分現像の場合
のトナーと現像スリーブあるいはブレードの如き帯電付
与部材どの摩擦帯電が安定で、ざらに容易かつ安価に製
造できる静電荷現像用トナーを提供することを目的とす
る。[Objective] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it improves the non-offset property and impact resistance of toner, and also improves the non-offset property and impact resistance of toner, and furthermore, improves the non-offset property and impact resistance of toner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a toner for electrostatic charge development that has stable triboelectric charging of a charge imparting member such as a developing sleeve or a blade, and can be produced easily and inexpensively.
［構 成］
本発明は結着樹脂と着色剤からなるトナー粒子ニ、平均
粒子径０．１〜５．０ ｕｍ 、ＢＥＴ比表面積２０
ｍ’ ／ｇ以下の粒状である炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグ
ネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、二攻化ケイ素、ケイ酸
アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、ケイ酸ジルコニウ
ムのうちの少なくとも１種以上を含有することを特徴と
する静電荷像現像用トナーである。[Structure] The present invention has toner particles consisting of a binder resin and a colorant, an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 um, and a BET specific surface area of 20.
It is characterized by containing at least one or more of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, double-layered silicon, aluminum silicate, aluminum hydroxide, and zirconium silicate in the form of particles of m' / g or less. This is a toner for developing electrostatic images.
すなわち、トナーに無機充填剤を適吊加え、適度な補強
効果をもたせて目的を達成するものである。That is, the purpose is achieved by adding an appropriate amount of inorganic filler to the toner to give it an appropriate reinforcing effect.
この発明で用いられる炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグネシウ
ム、水酸化マグネシウムは軽質、重質、微粒子等の種類
があるが、特に微粒子のものが混練、加工性が良く、バ
インダー樹脂への分散性が良く、正荷電性がよい。又、
二酸化ケイ素、ケイ酸アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウ
ム、ケイ酸ジルコニウムは負荷電性がよい。しかし、そ
の平均粒径が０．１μｍ未満では均一に分散することが
困難で、長時間の複写操作を繰返すと、地かぶり、画像
濃度低下等の問題が発生する。また、５．０μｍを越え
ると、トナーの定着性が不十分となり、画像上に白扱け
が発生し、貧弱な画像となる。よってその平均粒径はｏ
、ｉ〜５．０μｍが良く、ざらに好ましくは０．５〜３
．０ ｇｍが良い。There are various types of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium hydroxide used in this invention, such as light, heavy, and fine particles, but fine particles have particularly good kneading and processability, good dispersibility in binder resin, and fine particles. Good chargeability. or,
Silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, aluminum hydroxide, and zirconium silicate have good negative chargeability. However, if the average particle size is less than 0.1 μm, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the particles, and if copying operations are repeated for a long time, problems such as background fogging and reduction in image density will occur. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.0 μm, the fixing properties of the toner will be insufficient and white spots will appear on the image, resulting in a poor image. Therefore, the average particle size is o
, i ~ 5.0 μm is good, and roughness is preferably 0.5 ~ 3
．． 0 gm is good.
また、その粒子形状は板状、針状であるとバインダー樹
脂への補強効果が大きくなり、定着可能温度が上昇し、
定着性が不良となる。また、球状であると補強効果が少
なく、耐衝撃性が不十分となる。よって不規則な形状が
良い。In addition, if the particle shape is plate-like or needle-like, the reinforcing effect on the binder resin will be greater, and the fixing temperature will increase.
Fixability becomes poor. Moreover, if it is spherical, the reinforcing effect will be small and the impact resistance will be insufficient. Therefore, an irregular shape is better.
ざらにそのＢＥＴ比表面積は２０ ｍ２／（］以下がよ
く、２０ ｍ’ １０を越えると、その粒子の多孔質化
が進み、形状の場合と同様にバインダー樹脂への補強効
果が大きくなり、定着不良をもたらす。Roughly speaking, the BET specific surface area is preferably 20 m2/(] or less; if it exceeds 20 m'10, the particles become porous, and as with the shape, the reinforcing effect on the binder resin increases, making it difficult to fix. bring about defects.
また、その配合量はトナー中に５〜７０重量％が良く、
５重岨％未満では十分な補強効果が得られず、７０重量
％を越えると定着性及び帯電性が不良となる。In addition, the blending amount is preferably 5 to 70% by weight in the toner.
If it is less than 5% by weight, a sufficient reinforcing effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 70% by weight, fixing properties and charging properties will be poor.
本発明に用いられるトナーのバインダー樹脂としては、
従来から電子写真用トナーとして広く用いられていた樹
脂類、例えばポリスチレン、ポリロークロルスチレン、
ポリビニルトルエンなどのスチレン及びその置換体の単
重合体；スチレン−Ｐ−クロルスチレン共重合体、スチ
レン−プロピレン共重合体、スチレン−ビニルトルエン
共重合体、スチレン−ビニルナフタリン共重合体、スチ
レン−アクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル
酸エチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合
体、スチレン−アクリル酸オクチル共重合体、スチレン
−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル
酸エチル共重合体、スチレンーメククリル酸ブチル共重
合体、スチレン−αクロルメタクリル酸メチル共重合体
、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ビ
ニルメチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルエチル
エーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルメチルケトン共重
合体、スヂレンーブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−イソ
プレン共手合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル−インデ
ン共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン
−マレイン酸エステル共重合体などのスチレン系共重合
体；ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレ
−１・、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニルネ、ポリエチ
レン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、
ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポ
リアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂
、フェノール樹脂、脂肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳
香族系石油樹脂、塩素化パラフィン、パラフィンワック
スなどが単独或いは混合して使用できる。As the binder resin of the toner used in the present invention,
Resins that have traditionally been widely used as electrophotographic toners, such as polystyrene, polychlorostyrene,
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polyvinyltoluene; styrene-P-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid methyl copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer , styrene-butyl meccrylate copolymer, styrene-alpha chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinylethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl Styrene such as methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymer System copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate-1, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane,
Polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax, etc. alone or Can be used in combination.
本発明のトナーにおいては、一般に定着下限温度が高ま
るという傾向におり、そのた゛めに低ガラス転移点（３
５〜５０℃）のスチレン系およびアクリル系の樹脂を用
いることが好ましい。The toner of the present invention generally tends to have a higher minimum fixing temperature, and therefore has a lower glass transition point (3
It is preferable to use styrenic and acrylic resins having a temperature of 5 to 50°C.
また、静電荷像現像用トナーを調整する場合は上記のよ
うな樹脂成分に従来トナーに使用されている着色剤顔料
を添加することは勿論のことで、具体的にはカーボンブ
ラック、ニグロシン染料、ランプ黒、スーダンブラック
ＳＭ、ファースト・エロー０１ベンジジン・エロー、ピ
グメント・エロー、インドファースト・オレンジ、イル
ガジン・レッド、バラニトロアニリン・レッド、トルイ
ジン・レッド、カーミンＦＢ。In addition, when preparing a toner for developing electrostatic images, it goes without saying that colorant pigments conventionally used in toners may be added to the above-mentioned resin components. Specifically, carbon black, nigrosine dye, Lamp Black, Sudan Black SM, First Yellow 01 Benzidine Yellow, Pigment Yellow, Indo First Orange, Irgazine Red, Valanitroaniline Red, Toluidine Red, Carmine FB.
パーマネント・ボルドーＦＲＲ，ピグメント・オレンジ
Ｒ１リソール・レッド２Ｇ、レーキ・レッドＣ、ローダ
ミンＦＢ、ローダミンＢレーキ、メチル・バイオレッド
Ｂレーキ、フタロシアニンブルー、ピグメントブルー、
プリリャント・グリーンＢ１フタロシアニングリーン、
オイルイエローＧＧ、ザポン・フ７−スｌ−イエローＣ
ＧＧ、カヤセットＹ９６３、カヤセットＹＧ１スミプラ
スト・エロー〇Ｇ、ザポンファーストオレンジＲＲ，オ
イル・スカーレット、スミプラストオレンジＧ１オラゾ
ール・ブラウンＢ、ザボンファーストスカーレットＣＧ
、ノフイゼンスピロン・レッド・ＢＥＨ，オイルピンク
ＯＰなどがある。Permanent Bordeaux FRR, Pigment Orange R1 Resole Red 2G, Lake Red C, Rhodamine FB, Rhodamine B Lake, Methyl Violet B Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, Pigment Blue,
Prilliant Green B1 Phthalocyanine Green,
Oil Yellow GG, Zapon F7-Sl-Yellow C
GG, Kayaset Y963, Kayaset YG1 Sumiplast Yellow G, Zapon First Orange RR, Oil Scarlet, Sumiplast Orange G1 Orazole Brown B, Pomelo First Scarlet CG
, Nohuizenspiron Red BEH, Oil Pink OP, etc.
また、本発明のトナーを磁性トナーとして用いるために
、磁性粉を含有せしめても良い。このような磁性粉とし
ては磁場の中に置かれで磁化される物質が用いられ、鉄
、コバルト、ニラゲルなどの強磁性金属の粉末もしくは
マグネタイ１〜、ヘマタイト、フェライトなどの合金や
化合物がある。この磁性粉の含有量はトナー重量に対し
て１５−．７０重ｎ％である。Further, in order to use the toner of the present invention as a magnetic toner, it may contain magnetic powder. As such magnetic powder, a substance that is magnetized when placed in a magnetic field is used, and examples include powders of ferromagnetic metals such as iron, cobalt, and niragel, and alloys and compounds such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite. The content of this magnetic powder is 15-. It is 70% by weight.
さらに本発明のトナーは、必要に応じて鉄粉、ガラスピ
ーズ、ニッケル粉、フェライト粉などのキャリア粒子と
混合して電気的潜像の現像剤として用いることができる
。Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can be mixed with carrier particles such as iron powder, glass beads, nickel powder, ferrite powder, etc., as required, and used as a developer for electrical latent images.
本発明の現像剤は種々の現像方法に適用されうる。例え
ば、磁気ブラシ現像方法、カスケード現像方法、米国特
許第３．９０９．２５８号明細書に記載された導電性磁
性トナーを用いる方法、特開昭５３−３１１３６号公報
に記載された高抵抗磁性トナーを用いる方法、特開昭５
４−４２１４１号公報、同５５−１８６５６号公報、同
５４−４３０２７号公報などに記載された方法、ファー
ブラシ現像方法、パウダーグラウト法、インプレッショ
ン現像法などがある。The developer of the present invention can be applied to various development methods. For example, a magnetic brush development method, a cascade development method, a method using a conductive magnetic toner described in U.S. Pat. A method using
Examples include the methods described in 4-42141, 55-18656, and 54-43027, fur brush development, powder grouting, and impression development.
又、スリーブ等の現像剤担持体に現像剤を保持させる場
合には、磁力、クーロン力、静電気力、鏡像力、機械的
な力等を利用することが可能である。Further, when the developer is held in a developer carrier such as a sleeve, it is possible to use magnetic force, Coulomb force, electrostatic force, mirror force, mechanical force, etc.
以下に実施例を述べるが、本発明がそれにより何ら制約
されることはない。尚、すべて部数は＠景品である。Examples will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All copies are @prizes.
実施例１
炭酸カルシウム（商品名 ラフトン２２０ｏ備北粉化工
業■ 平均粒径１μｍ
ＢＥＴ比表面積 ５．８ｍ２／ｇ ３５部スチレ
ン−ｎブチルメタクリレート
共重°合体 ６０部４級アンモニ
ウム塩 ５部Ｃ，１，ピグメン１〜ブルー
１５ ５部上記組成の混合物をヘンシエルミキ１
ナー中で十分攪拌、混合した後、ロールミルで１３０・
〜１４０°Ｃの温度で約３０分間加熱溶融し、室温まで
冷却し、）ｑられた混練物を粉砕分級し、５〜１５μｍ
の粒径の青色トナーを１ｑた。Example 1 Calcium carbonate (trade name: Laughton 220o Bihoku Funka Kogyo) Average particle size: 1 μm BET specific surface area: 5.8 m2/g 35 parts Styrene-n-butyl methacrylate copolymer 60 parts Quaternary ammonium salt 5 parts C, 1, Pigmen 1 to Blue 15 5 parts Mixture of the above composition to Hensiel Miki 1
After stirring and mixing thoroughly in a roller mill, the
Melt by heating at a temperature of ~140°C for about 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, and crush and classify the kneaded product to a powder of 5 to 15 μm.
1 q of blue toner with a particle size of .
このトナー３部に対してシリコーン樹脂を被覆した１０
０〜２５０メツシユのフエライ１−キャリア９７部とを
混合し現像剤を得た。10 parts of this toner was coated with silicone resin.
A developer was obtained by mixing 0 to 250 meshes of Ferray 1 with 97 parts of carrier.
次に上記現像剤を有機感光体に８ ８００ＶＤＣ帯電さ
せた■リコーの複写機Ｆｌ” −４０６０にセラＩ〜し
、画像テストを行なったところ、鮮やかな青色を呈する
良好な画像が得られ、その画像は２０万枚画像出し後も
変わらなかった。Next, the above developer was applied to a Ricoh copier Fl''-4060 with an organic photoreceptor charged at 8800 VDC, and an image test was performed. The image did not change even after printing 200,000 images.
また、トナーの帯電量をブローオフ法で測定した。初期
の帯電量は十１６，３μｃ／ｇであり、２０万枚ランニ
ング後におけるトナーの帯電量は＋１５．５μｃ／ｇと
、初期値と殆ど差がなかった。Further, the amount of charge of the toner was measured by a blow-off method. The initial charge amount was 116.3 μc/g, and the charge amount of the toner after running 200,000 sheets was +15.5 μc/g, which was hardly different from the initial value.
ざらに定着性は良く、定着ローラへの°まきつきやオフ
セット現象はみられなかった。The fixing properties were generally good, and no sticking to the fixing roller or offset phenomenon was observed.
比較例１
炭酸カルシウムを平均粒径７．０μｍ ＢＥＴ比表面積
０．８ｍ２／ｇのものにしたことを除いては、実施例１
と同様に行なったところ、定着性は不良で内法けのある
貧弱な画像になった。Comparative Example 1 Example 1 except that the calcium carbonate had an average particle size of 7.0 μm and a BET specific surface area of 0.8 m2/g.
When the same procedure as above was carried out, the fixing properties were poor and a poor image with inner edges was obtained.
比較例２
炭酸カルシウムを平均粒径０．０５μｍ ＢＥＴ比表面
積７４．２ ｍ２１０のものにしたことを除いては、実
施例１と同様に行なったところ、地かぶりのある画像濃
度が０．８６と低い貧弱な画像になった。Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, except that calcium carbonate was used with an average particle size of 0.05 μm and a BET specific surface area of 74.2 m210, and the image density with background fog was 0.86. It became a low and poor image.
実施例２
水酸化マグネシウム（商品名キス７５Ｂ、協和化学工業
（■ 平均粒径０．７μｍＢＥＴ比表面積 ６．０ｍ’
／ｇ） ３０部スチレン−２−エチルへキシルア
クリ
レート共重合体 ７０部ボリエヂレン
５部Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド８
１ ５部Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド４８
３部４級アンモニウム塩 ５部上記
組成の混合物を実施例１と同様に溶融混練俊、粉砕、分
級し、５〜１５μｍの赤色トナーを得た。Example 2 Magnesium hydroxide (trade name Kiss 75B, Kyowa Chemical Industry (■ Average particle size 0.7 μm BET specific surface area 6.0 m')
/g) 30 parts styrene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer 70 parts polyethylene
5 parts C, 1, pigment red 8
1 5 parts C, 1, pigment red 48
3 parts Quaternary ammonium salt 5 parts A mixture having the above composition was melt-kneaded, pulverized and classified in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a red toner with a diameter of 5 to 15 μm.
このトナー１００部に対して炭化珪素（粒径２μｍ）３
部をスピードニーダ−で十分攪拌混合してトナーとした
。For 100 parts of this toner, silicon carbide (particle size 2 μm) 3
The mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed using a speed kneader to prepare a toner.
このトナーを図面に示すような現像装置に装入し、連続
複写を行ない、画像テストを行なつたところ鮮やかな赤
色を呈する良好な画像か得られ、その画像は５万枚画像
出し後も変わらなかった。なお図中１は静電潜像担持体
、２はトナー搬送部材、３は弾性ブレード、４はスポン
ジローラー、５は攪拌羽根、６はトナー、７はトナータ
ンクである。When this toner was loaded into a developing device as shown in the drawing, continuous copying was performed, and an image test was performed, a good image with a bright red color was obtained, and the image did not change even after printing 50,000 copies. There wasn't. In the figure, 1 is an electrostatic latent image carrier, 2 is a toner conveying member, 3 is an elastic blade, 4 is a sponge roller, 5 is a stirring blade, 6 is a toner, and 7 is a toner tank.
本現像方法について説明すると、図面に示すようにトナ
ータンク７に内蔵されているトナー６は攪拌羽根５によ
りスポンジローラ４に強制的に寄せられ、トナーはスポ
ンジローラ４に供給される。そして、スポンジローラ４
に取り込まれたトナーはスポンジローラが矢印方向に回
転することにより、トナー搬送部材２に運ばれ、摩擦さ
れ、静電的あるいは物理的に吸着し、トナー搬送部材２
が矢印方向に強く回転し、スチール製弾性ブレード３に
より均一な１〜ナ一薄層が形成されるとともに摩擦帯電
する。その後、トナー搬送部材２と接触もしくは近接し
ている静電潜像担持体１の表面に運ばれ、潜像か現像さ
れる。To explain this developing method, as shown in the drawing, the toner 6 contained in the toner tank 7 is forcibly brought to the sponge roller 4 by the stirring blade 5, and the toner is supplied to the sponge roller 4. And sponge roller 4
As the sponge roller rotates in the direction of the arrow, the toner taken in is transported to the toner conveying member 2, where it is rubbed, electrostatically or physically attracted, and is transferred to the toner conveying member 2.
is rotated strongly in the direction of the arrow, and a uniform thin layer is formed by the steel elastic blade 3, and is triboelectrically charged. Thereafter, the toner is transported to the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier 1 that is in contact with or in close proximity to the toner transport member 2, and a latent image is developed.
静電潜像は有機感光体にａｏｏｖのｅＤＣ帯電をした後
、露光し、潜像を形成し現像されるのである。The electrostatic latent image is formed by eDC charging the organic photoreceptor to an aoov level, and then exposing the organic photoreceptor to light to form a latent image, which is then developed.
また、定着性は良好で定着ローラへの巻き付きやオフセ
ット現像はみられなかった。Furthermore, the fixing properties were good, and no wrapping around the fixing roller or offset development was observed.
比較例３
水酸化マグネシウムを平均粒径０．０２μｍＢＥＴ比表
面積６７．９ ｍ’ ／ｇのものにしたことを除いては
、実施例１と同様に行なったところ、定着性が不良でオ
フセット現像がみられ、内法けのある貧弱な画像になっ
た。Comparative Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the magnesium hydroxide had an average particle size of 0.02 μm and a BET specific surface area of 67.9 m'/g. This resulted in a poor image with some internal curvature.
実施例３〜６、比較例４〜５
表１に示す現像剤組成で実施例１と同様の方法により１
〜ナーを得た。これらのトナーの画像性、帯電性及び定
着性についても併せて表中にまとめて示した。Examples 3 to 6, Comparative Examples 4 to 5 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the developer composition shown in Table 1.
~ got a na. The image properties, charging properties, and fixing properties of these toners are also summarized in the table.
尚、定着性における定着下限温度及びオフセット発生温
度は次のようにして求めた。定着下限温度については表
層がテフロンで形成した熱ローラと、表層をシリコンゴ
ムで形成した圧着ローラとから成る定着器により、６４
ｇ／ｌＴ１２の転写紙に転写せしめた試料トナーによる
トナー像を線速度１２０ｍｍ／秒で定着せしめる操作を
、熱ローラーの設定表面温度を１１０℃から５℃ずつ段
階的に高くした各温度において繰り返し、形成された定
着画像に対して砂消しゴム摩擦を施し、十分な耐摩擦性
を示す定着画像に係る最低の設定温度をもって定着下限
温度とした。なおここに用いた定着器はシリコンオイル
供給別溝を有ざぬものでおる。The minimum fixing temperature and offset occurrence temperature in terms of fixability were determined as follows. The lower limit temperature for fixing is determined by a fixing device consisting of a heat roller whose surface layer is made of Teflon and a pressure roller whose surface layer is made of silicone rubber.
The operation of fixing the toner image of the sample toner transferred onto the transfer paper of g/lT12 at a linear velocity of 120 mm/sec was repeated at each temperature in which the set surface temperature of the heat roller was raised stepwise by 5 °C from 110 °C. The formed fixed image was rubbed with a sand eraser, and the lowest set temperature for a fixed image that exhibited sufficient friction resistance was defined as the lower limit temperature for fixing. Note that the fixing device used here does not have a separate groove for supplying silicone oil.
またオフセット発生温度の測定は、定着下限温度の測定
に準じて、トナー像を転写して上）ホの定着器により定
着処理を行ない、次いで白紙の転写紙を同様の条件下で
定着器を送ってこれにトナー汚れが生ずるか否かを観察
する操作を、前記定着器の熱ローラの設定温度を順次上
昇させた状態で繰り返し、オフセラ１〜発生温度を求め
た。To measure the offset generation temperature, transfer the toner image and perform the fixing process using the fixing device shown in (a) above, and then send a blank transfer sheet through the fixing device under the same conditions. The operation of observing whether or not toner stains occur was repeated while the set temperature of the heat roller of the fixing device was successively increased, and the temperature at which off-sera 1 to generation occurred was determined.
表１
表１のつづき
実施例７
スチレン−ｎブチルアクリレート共重合体（重量平均分
子量２７０．０００゜
ガラス転移点４６℃） ４０部
スチレン−２エチルへキシル−ｎブチルアクリレート共
重合体（重量平均分
子量２８０．０００．ガラス転移点６０℃）３０部炭酸
カルシウム（平均粒径１μｍ、
ＢＥＴ比表面積５．８ｍ’ ／ｑ） ３０部ニグロシン
１部カーボンブラック
１０部以上のものをよく混合し、ロールミルで
１３０〜１４０℃の湿度で約４５分間加熱溶融し、室温
まで冷却し、得られた混練物を粉砕分級し、５〜２０μ
ｍの粒径の黒色トナーを得た。Table 1 Continued from Table 1 Example 7 Styrene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer (weight average molecular weight 270.000°, glass transition point 46°C) 40 parts Styrene-2-ethylhexyl-n-butyl acrylate copolymer (weight average molecular weight 280.000.Glass transition point 60℃) 30 parts calcium carbonate (average particle size 1 μm, BET specific surface area 5.8 m'/q) 30 parts nigrosine 1 part carbon black
10 parts or more were mixed well, heated and melted in a roll mill at a humidity of 130 to 140°C for about 45 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and the resulting kneaded product was pulverized and classified to form a powder of 5 to 20 μm.
A black toner with a particle size of m was obtained.
このトナー３部に対して、シリコーン樹脂を被覆した１
００〜２５０メツシユのフェライトキャリア９７部とを
混合し現像剤を得た。有ｉ感光体に＜ａａｏｏｖｏｃ帯
電させた当社の複写機ＦＴ−４０６０に、上記現像剤を
セットし、複写テストを行ない、また、定着下限温度、
オフセット発生温度を評価したところ、１２０℃と極め
て低温で定着し、しかも２４０’Ｃまでオフセットが発
生しなかった。また、その画像は２０万枚画像出し後も
変らぬ鮮明さであった。また、トナーの帯電量をブロー
オフ法で測定したところ、初期＋１８．０μＣ／ｇであ
り、２０万枚ランニング後ｂ＋１６．２μｃ／ｇと殆ど
変化しなかった。For 3 parts of this toner, 1 part coated with silicone resin
A developer was obtained by mixing with 97 parts of ferrite carrier having a mesh size of 00 to 250. The above developer was set in our copying machine FT-4060, whose photoconductor was charged <aaoovoc, and a copying test was conducted.
When the temperature at which offset occurred was evaluated, it was found that fixation was achieved at an extremely low temperature of 120° C., and no offset occurred up to 240° C. Furthermore, the image remained as clear even after 200,000 images were printed. Further, when the charge amount of the toner was measured by a blow-off method, it was found to be +18.0 μC/g initially, and after running 200,000 sheets, it was +16.2 μC/g, which was almost unchanged.
実施例８
スチレン−ｎブチルメタアクリレ−１〜（重量平均分子
量１２０．０００゜
ガラス転移点４３°Ｃ） ３０部
ポリエステル樹脂（数平均分子量２５００゜ガラス転移
点５５°Ｃ）５０部
水酸化マグネシウム（平均粒径０．７μｍ、ＢＥＴ比表
面積６、Ｏｍ’ ／ｇ） ２０部４級アンモニウム塩
５部Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド８１
５部Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド４８ ３部
以上のものをよく混合し、実施例７と同様に溶融、混線
後、粉砕、分級し、５〜１５μｍの赤色トナーを得た。Example 8 Styrene-n-butyl methacrylate-1~ (weight average molecular weight 120.000° glass transition point 43°C) 30 parts polyester resin (number average molecular weight 2500° glass transition point 55°C) 50 parts magnesium hydroxide (Average particle size 0.7 μm, BET specific surface area 6, Om'/g) 20 parts quaternary ammonium salt
5 parts C, 1, pigment red 81
5 parts C, 1, 3 parts or more of Pigment Red 48 were thoroughly mixed, melted and mixed in the same manner as in Example 7, and then crushed and classified to obtain a red toner with a diameter of 5 to 15 μm.
このトナー１００部に対して炭化珪素（粒径２μｍ）
３部、コロイダルシリカ０．１部をスピードニーグーで
十分攪拌混合して現像剤を得た。Silicon carbide (particle size 2 μm) per 100 parts of this toner
3 parts of colloidal silica and 0.1 part of colloidal silica were thoroughly stirred and mixed using a speed negotiator to obtain a developer.
このトナーを図面に示すような現像装置に装入し、実施
例２と同様に連続複写を行ない、画像テストを行なった
ところ、鮮やかな赤色を呈する良好な画像が得られ、そ
の画像は５万枚画像出し後も変らなかった。この場合、
静電潜像は有機感光体にθ８００Ｖ ＤＣ帯電をした
俊、露光し、潜像を形成し、現像されるのである。When this toner was loaded into a developing device as shown in the drawing, continuous copying was performed in the same manner as in Example 2, and an image test was performed, a good image with a bright red color was obtained, and the image was rated at 50,000 yen. There was no change even after uploading the images. in this case,
The electrostatic latent image is formed by exposing the organic photoreceptor to a θ800V DC charge, forming a latent image, and developing it.
定着性を評価したところ、１２５℃と低湿で定着し、オ
フセットも２２０℃まで発生しなかった。When the fixability was evaluated, it was fixed at a low humidity of 125°C, and no offset occurred up to 220°C.
実施例９〜１４
表２に示す現像剤組成で、実施例７と同様の方法により
トナーを得た。これらのトナーの画像性、帯電性、定着
性を測定したところ、表２に示すとおりであった。なお
表２中実施例９．１０．１２．１３は負極性トナーのた
め、複写テストではＳｅ感光体を使用し、＠ ７５０
ＶＤＣ帯電して行なった。Examples 9 to 14 Toners were obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 using the developer compositions shown in Table 2. The image properties, charging properties, and fixing properties of these toners were measured and were as shown in Table 2. Note that Examples 9, 10, 12, and 13 in Table 2 are negative polarity toners, so a Se photoreceptor was used in the copying test, and @750
This was done with VDC charging.
表２ 夷９０つづ店 ［効 果］ 本発明によれば下記の諸効果が得られる。Table 2 Ii 90 Tsuzu store [effect] According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）適度な補強効果により熱ロール定着時の非オフセ
ット性が向上する。(1) The non-offset property during hot roll fixing is improved due to the appropriate reinforcing effect.
（２）耐衝撃性が向上する。(2) Impact resistance is improved.
（３）連続複写後も初期画像と同等の品質の画像が得ら
れる。(3) Images with the same quality as the initial image can be obtained even after continuous copying.
（４）正極性の摩擦帯電性が安定に得られる。(4) Positive triboelectrification can be stably obtained.
（５）感光体、現像スリーブ、ブレード等へのトナーの
強固な付着、フィルミング、融着かない。(5) Strong adhesion, filming, and fusion of toner to the photoreceptor, developing sleeve, blade, etc. will not occur.
（６）良好な保存安定性を示す。(6) Shows good storage stability.
（７）経済的である。(7) Economical.
（８）鮮明なカラー画像を維持できる。(8) Clear color images can be maintained.
図は本発明Ｉ・ナーのテストに用いた現象装置の説明図
である。The figure is an explanatory diagram of the phenomenon device used for testing the I-ner of the present invention.
Claims (1)
．１〜５．０μｍ、ＢＥＴ比表面積２０ｍ＾２／ｇ以下
の粒状である炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、水酸
化マグネシウム、二酸化ケイ素、ケイ酸アルミニウム、
水酸化アルミニウム、ケイ酸ジルコニウムのうちの少な
くとも１種以上を含有することを特徴とする静電荷像現
像用トナー。Toner particles consisting of a binder resin and a colorant have an average particle size of 0.
．． Granular calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, with a BET specific surface area of 1 to 5.0 μm and a BET specific surface area of 20 m^2/g or less,
A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising at least one of aluminum hydroxide and zirconium silicate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61-147162 | 1986-06-25 | ||
| JP14716286 | 1986-06-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63139364A true JPS63139364A (en) | 1988-06-11 |
Family
ID=15423991
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61221969A Pending JPS63139364A (en) | 1986-06-25 | 1986-09-22 | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63139364A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7144941B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2006-12-05 | Nabaltec Gmbh | Flame retardant polymer composition |
| JP2014170089A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-18 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner production method |
| EP3770685A1 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, toner accommodating container, developer, developing device, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
-
1986
- 1986-09-22 JP JP61221969A patent/JPS63139364A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7144941B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2006-12-05 | Nabaltec Gmbh | Flame retardant polymer composition |
| JP2014170089A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-18 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner production method |
| EP3770685A1 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, toner accommodating container, developer, developing device, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| US11281118B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2022-03-22 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, toner accommodating container, developer, developing device, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
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