JPH0368506B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0368506B2
JPH0368506B2 JP57048873A JP4887382A JPH0368506B2 JP H0368506 B2 JPH0368506 B2 JP H0368506B2 JP 57048873 A JP57048873 A JP 57048873A JP 4887382 A JP4887382 A JP 4887382A JP H0368506 B2 JPH0368506 B2 JP H0368506B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
fes
organic solvent
battery
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57048873A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58166633A (en
Inventor
Takahisa Oosaki
Shuji Yamada
Juichi Sato
Tsutomu Takamura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP57048873A priority Critical patent/JPS58166633A/en
Publication of JPS58166633A publication Critical patent/JPS58166633A/en
Publication of JPH0368506B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0368506B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [発明の属する技術分野] 本発明は有機溶媒電池用正極に係り、特に
1.5V系有機溶媒電池の放電特性、とりわけ放
電々圧の平坦性を向上せしめる正極用活物質に関
する。
[Detailed description of the invention] [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a positive electrode for an organic solvent battery, and in particular to a positive electrode for an organic solvent battery.
This invention relates to active materials for positive electrodes that improve the discharge characteristics of 1.5V organic solvent batteries, particularly the flatness of discharge voltage.

[従来技術とその問題点] 負極活物質としてリチウム、ナトリウム等の軽
金属を用いた有機溶媒電池は、エネルギー密度が
高く、広い温度領域で使用することができ、また
その貯蔵特性にもすぐれる、などの理由によつ
て、電卓、時計、メモリのバツクアツプ電源とし
て汎用されている。
[Prior art and its problems] Organic solvent batteries that use light metals such as lithium and sodium as negative electrode active materials have high energy density, can be used in a wide temperature range, and have excellent storage characteristics. For these reasons, it is commonly used as a backup power source for calculators, watches, and memory.

この有機溶媒電池の発電要素は、負極、電解
液、正極から構成されており、一般に負極として
はリチウム、ナトリウム等の軽金属が用いられ、
また電解液として、プロピレンカーボネート、γ
−プチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタンなどの有機
溶媒中に、過塩素酸リチウム、ホウフツ化リチウ
ムなどの電解質を溶解して成る溶液が用いられて
いる。
The power generation element of this organic solvent battery is composed of a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode. Generally, light metals such as lithium and sodium are used as the negative electrode.
In addition, propylene carbonate, γ
- A solution is used in which an electrolyte such as lithium perchlorate or lithium borofluoride is dissolved in an organic solvent such as butyrolactone or dimethoxyethane.

この有機溶媒電池において、その正極活物質と
しては、3V系では二酸化マンガン(MnO2)、フ
ツ化炭素[(CFx)n];また、1.5V系にあつて
は酸化ビスマス(Bi2O3)、酸化銅(CuO)、硫化
鉄(FeS)、二酸化鉄(FeS2)などが知られてい
る。
In this organic solvent battery, the positive electrode active materials include manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) and carbon fluoride [(CFx)n] in the 3V system; and bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) in the 1.5V system. Known examples include copper oxide (CuO), iron sulfide (FeS), and iron dioxide (FeS 2 ).

一方、1.5V系電池としては、酸化銀電池、ア
ルカリマンガン電池が小型機器に広く用いられて
いる。しかしながら、酸化銀電池はその放電特性
が優れている反面価格が高く、またアルカリマン
ガン電池は連続放電時その放電々圧の平坦性が劣
るという問題点がある。
On the other hand, as 1.5V batteries, silver oxide batteries and alkaline manganese batteries are widely used in small devices. However, although silver oxide batteries have excellent discharge characteristics, they are expensive, and alkaline manganese batteries have a problem in that the flatness of the discharge voltage during continuous discharge is poor.

したがつて、エネルギー密度が高く、放電特性
に優れ、かつ安価な1.5V系の有機溶媒電池の開
発が強く望まれている。
Therefore, there is a strong desire to develop a 1.5V organic solvent battery that has high energy density, excellent discharge characteristics, and is inexpensive.

さて、上記した正極活物質を含む正極とリチウ
ム負極とを組合せた1.5V系有機溶媒電池のうち、
正極活物質がCuO、FeSのものはその放電々圧が
1.2〜1.4Vと1.5Vよりやや低く、Bi2O3のものは
放電々圧は高いが、電圧平坦性に劣りかつ高価で
ある。これらに比較してFeS2は理論的な放電容
量が大きいため注目を集めている。
Now, among the 1.5V organic solvent batteries that combine a positive electrode containing the above-mentioned positive electrode active material and a lithium negative electrode,
When the positive electrode active material is CuO or FeS, the discharge pressure is
1.2 to 1.4V, which is slightly lower than 1.5V, and Bi 2 O 3 has a high discharge voltage, but has poor voltage flatness and is expensive. Compared to these, FeS 2 is attracting attention because it has a large theoretical discharge capacity.

しかしながら、FeS2を正極活物質とする有機
溶媒電池は、その放電々圧が一般に1.5Vより高
く、また放電の進行とともに、放電々圧が2段階
に変化してその放電平坦性に劣るという欠点があ
る。
However, organic solvent batteries using FeS 2 as the positive electrode active material have the disadvantage that the discharge voltage is generally higher than 1.5V, and as the discharge progresses, the discharge voltage changes in two stages, resulting in poor discharge flatness. There is.

[発明の目的] この発明は上記のような欠点を解決するために
なされたもので、放電々圧の平坦性にすぐれ、か
つ容量密度も大きい、有機溶媒電池用正極を提供
する事を目的とする。
[Object of the invention] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to provide a positive electrode for organic solvent batteries that has excellent flatness of discharge voltage and high capacity density. do.

[発明の概要] 本発明の正極は、表面の少なくとも一部が硫酸
鉄である二硫化鉄粉末を含む活物質を用いたこと
を特徴とする。
[Summary of the Invention] The positive electrode of the present invention is characterized by using an active material containing iron disulfide powder whose surface is at least partially iron sulfate.

本発明にかかる正極活物質は、従来から活物質
として用いられているFeS2の粉末を硫酸鉄の水
溶液に懸濁し、その後粉末を乾燥することにより
FeS2表面の一部に硫酸鉄を付着させる方法;又
は、FeS2の粉末を空気又は酸素ガス中で熱処理
してFeS2の表面の一部を分解して硫酸鉄にする
方法などによつて調製することができるが、調製
の容易さという点からして後者の方法が好んで適
用される。後者の方法にあつては、用いるFeS2
粉末の粒度、熱処理温度、熱処理時間などによつ
て、FeS2の表面に生成する硫酸鉄の量(FeS2
末表面への硫酸鉄の被覆面積、厚み等)が変動す
るので、これら条件は一義的には定まらない。例
えば、平均粒径10〜50μのFeS2粉末を空気中で熱
処理する場合には、常温よりゆつくり昇温して
250〜350℃の温度で4〜5時間程度熱処理を施す
ことが好ましい。いずれにしても、本発明にかか
る活物質は、FeS2粉末の表面の一部分、好まし
くは過半部分が硫酸鉄で覆われていることが必要
である。なお活物質としては表面の少なくとも一
部が硫酸鉄である二硫化鉄粉末のみでもよいが、
又さらに酸化銅(CuO)、硫化銅(Cu2S)、酸化
ビスマス(Bi2O3)等を混合して用いることもで
きる。
The positive electrode active material according to the present invention is produced by suspending FeS 2 powder, which has been conventionally used as an active material, in an aqueous solution of iron sulfate, and then drying the powder.
By attaching iron sulfate to a part of the FeS 2 surface; or by heat treating FeS 2 powder in air or oxygen gas to decompose part of the FeS 2 surface into iron sulfate. However, the latter method is preferred in terms of ease of preparation. For the latter method, the FeS 2 used
The amount of iron sulfate generated on the surface of FeS 2 (coverage area and thickness of iron sulfate on the surface of FeS 2 powder, etc.) varies depending on the particle size of the powder, heat treatment temperature, heat treatment time, etc., so these conditions are not unique. It is not determined exactly. For example, when heat-treating FeS 2 powder with an average particle size of 10 to 50μ in air, the temperature should be slowly raised from room temperature.
It is preferable to perform heat treatment at a temperature of 250 to 350°C for about 4 to 5 hours. In any case, the active material according to the present invention requires that a portion of the surface of the FeS 2 powder, preferably a majority portion, be covered with iron sulfate. Note that the active material may be iron disulfide powder whose surface is at least partially composed of iron sulfate, but
Further, a mixture of copper oxide (CuO), copper sulfide (Cu 2 S), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), etc. can also be used.

本発明の正極は、上記のようにして調製された
活物質を、黒鉛、アセチレンブラツク等の常用の
導電材と、ポリテトラフロロエチレン、ポリエチ
レン等の結着材とともに混合した後、所定形状
(例えばペレツト)に成形して得ることができる。
The positive electrode of the present invention is produced by mixing the active material prepared as described above with a commonly used conductive material such as graphite or acetylene black, and a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene, and then mixing the active material into a predetermined shape (e.g. It can be obtained by forming into pellets.

[発明の効果] このようにして得た正極を用いることによつ
て、放電々圧の平坦性にすぐれ、かつ放電容量も
大きい1.5V系の有機溶媒電池を提供することが
できる。
[Effects of the Invention] By using the positive electrode thus obtained, it is possible to provide a 1.5V organic solvent battery with excellent flatness of discharge voltage and large discharge capacity.

[発明の実施例] 以下に、本発明を第1図に示した構造の有機溶
媒電池に則して更に詳しく説明する。
[Embodiments of the Invention] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an organic solvent battery having the structure shown in FIG.

実施例 市販のFeS2粉末(平均粒径30μ)を空気中にて
毎分5℃の速度で300℃まで昇温し、300℃に保つ
たまま5時間熱処理を行つた。処理後の粉末表面
には硫酸鉄が生成していることをX線回折、
ESCAによつて確認した。得られたFeS2粉末を
90.6%、黒鉛粉末7.4重量%及びポリテトラフロ
ロエチレン粉末2.0重量%を秤量し、Vミキサー
で混合後直径15mmφ、厚さ0.4mmに成形して正極
1を造つた。
Example Commercially available FeS 2 powder (average particle size: 30μ) was heated to 300°C at a rate of 5°C per minute in air, and heat-treated for 5 hours while being maintained at 300°C. X-ray diffraction revealed that iron sulfate was formed on the powder surface after treatment.
Confirmed by ESCA. The obtained FeS 2 powder
90.6%, graphite powder, 7.4% by weight, and polytetrafluoroethylene powder, 2.0% by weight, were mixed in a V-mixer and then molded to a diameter of 15 mmφ and a thickness of 0.4 mm to produce positive electrode 1.

次いで第1図に示す如く上記方法で得た正極1
と金属リチウム円板よりなる負極2とを1モル濃
度の過塩素酸リチウムが溶解されたプロピレンカ
ーボネートと1,2−ジメトキシエタンとの混合
電解液を含浸させたセパレータ3を介して当接さ
せ、これらをステンレス製の電池ケース4に装填
した後、電池ケース4に負極端子を兼ねる負極封
口板5を端部周縁に設けたガスケツト6を介して
設置し、さらに電池ケース4の開口部を内方向に
折り曲げて封口し直径20mm、総高1.6mmの有機溶
媒電池を組立てた。これを電池Aとした。
Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the positive electrode 1 obtained by the above method
and a negative electrode 2 made of a metallic lithium disk are brought into contact via a separator 3 impregnated with a mixed electrolyte of propylene carbonate and 1,2-dimethoxyethane in which 1 molar concentration of lithium perchlorate is dissolved, After loading these into a stainless steel battery case 4, a negative electrode sealing plate 5, which also serves as a negative electrode terminal, is installed on the battery case 4 via a gasket 6 provided around the edge of the end, and the opening of the battery case 4 is further opened inward. The material was bent and sealed to assemble an organic solvent battery with a diameter of 20 mm and a total height of 1.6 mm. This was called battery A.

比較のため上記した熱処理を施さないFeS2
用いたことを除いては実施例と同様の電池を作製
した。
For comparison, a battery similar to that of the example was produced except that FeS 2 without the above heat treatment was used.

これら2個の電池につき常温13KΩの定負荷放
電特性を測定したところ第2図に示した結果が得
られた。図中、Aは実施例の電池Aの放電曲線、
Bは電池Bの放電曲線をそれぞれ表わす。
When the constant load discharge characteristics of these two batteries at room temperature of 13KΩ were measured, the results shown in FIG. 2 were obtained. In the figure, A is the discharge curve of battery A of the example,
B represents the discharge curve of battery B, respectively.

図から明らかなように、本発明の正極を用いた
電池Aは、活物質表面が硫酸鉄なつていない
FeS2を用いた電池Bに比べて放電々圧の平坦性
が改善され、しかもその放電持続時間も長い。ま
た前述の実施例において、活物質としてさらに酸
化銅、硫化銅、酸化ビスマス等を混合した活物質
を用いた場合にも同様の効果が確認された。
As is clear from the figure, in battery A using the positive electrode of the present invention, the surface of the active material is not coated with iron sulfate.
Compared to battery B using FeS 2 , the flatness of the discharge pressure is improved, and the discharge duration is also longer. Further, in the above-mentioned examples, similar effects were confirmed when an active material in which copper oxide, copper sulfide, bismuth oxide, etc. were further mixed was used as the active material.

以上にように本発明の正極を用いると、放電特
性にすぐれた1.5V系有機溶媒電池を製造するこ
とができ、その工業的価値は極めて大である。
As described above, when the positive electrode of the present invention is used, a 1.5V organic solvent battery with excellent discharge characteristics can be manufactured, and its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明を説明するための有機溶媒電池
の1例の縦断面図、第2図は電池A、電池Bの連
続放電特性を示す曲線である。 1……正極、2……負極(リチウム円板)、3
……セパレータ(有機電解液を含浸保持)、4…
…電池ケース、5……負極封口板、6……ガスケ
ツト。
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of an organic solvent battery for explaining the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a curve showing continuous discharge characteristics of batteries A and B. 1...Positive electrode, 2...Negative electrode (lithium disk), 3
...Separator (impregnated and held with organic electrolyte), 4...
...Battery case, 5...Negative electrode sealing plate, 6...Gasket.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 表面の少なくとも一部が硫酸鉄である二硫化
鉄粉末を含む活物質を用いた事を特徴とした有機
溶媒電池用正極。
1. A positive electrode for an organic solvent battery characterized by using an active material containing iron disulfide powder whose surface is at least partially iron sulfate.
JP57048873A 1982-03-29 1982-03-29 Positive electrode for organic solvent cell Granted JPS58166633A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57048873A JPS58166633A (en) 1982-03-29 1982-03-29 Positive electrode for organic solvent cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57048873A JPS58166633A (en) 1982-03-29 1982-03-29 Positive electrode for organic solvent cell

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58166633A JPS58166633A (en) 1983-10-01
JPH0368506B2 true JPH0368506B2 (en) 1991-10-28

Family

ID=12815402

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57048873A Granted JPS58166633A (en) 1982-03-29 1982-03-29 Positive electrode for organic solvent cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58166633A (en)

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