JPH0339125B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0339125B2 JPH0339125B2 JP9918085A JP9918085A JPH0339125B2 JP H0339125 B2 JPH0339125 B2 JP H0339125B2 JP 9918085 A JP9918085 A JP 9918085A JP 9918085 A JP9918085 A JP 9918085A JP H0339125 B2 JPH0339125 B2 JP H0339125B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wave
- breaking
- bottom plate
- plate
- waves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、法面を階段状に被覆し、この階段平
面に小堤体ともいえる砕波板を配設し、海岸に打
寄せる波浪のエネルギーを減衰させ、同時に打寄
せた海水を砕波板内に一時的に貯溜し、反射波の
流れを定常流に近づけることにより堤体前面の洗
掘及び吸出し現象を防止し、海岸線の浸食を防止
し、むしろ陸地部分を増大させる護岸方法に関す
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention covers a slope in the form of steps, and arranges wave-breaking plates, which can be called small embankments, on the plane of the steps to absorb the energy of waves hitting the coast. At the same time, the incoming seawater is temporarily stored in the breaking wave board, and the flow of reflected waves is brought closer to a steady flow, thereby preventing scouring and suction phenomena in the front of the embankment body, and preventing erosion of the coastline. Rather, it concerns a seawall method for increasing the land area.
従来から海岸侵食を防止するため砂浜上に設置
されてきた護岸堤が破損する事故が多発してい
る。これは強い反射波による堤体基礎前面の洗
掘、及び堤体コンクリート面を射流となつて流下
する強い反射波が僅かな堤体間隙、或いは亀裂か
ら、土砂を伴いながら堤内間隙水を吸出す、いわ
ゆる吸出し現象によるものであることを経験的に
知られている。
There have been many accidents in which seawalls, which have traditionally been built on sandy beaches to prevent coastal erosion, are damaged. This is due to strong reflected waves scouring the front of the embankment foundation, and strong reflected waves that flow down the concrete surface of the embankment as jets, sucking out pore water within the embankment from small gaps or cracks in the embankment, accompanied by earth and sand. It is empirically known that this is due to the so-called suction phenomenon.
そこで、多少の吸出しにも耐え、背面土砂が多
少流出しても自立して何とか効用を発揮し続ける
ことができる扶壁式の表のり被覆工法が採用され
た。扶壁式とは堤体前面洗掘に耐えるべく底板を
広くとり、勾配を１：0.5程度にかなり大きくと
つたものである。しかしながら、この扶壁式護岸
堤においては、反射波のエネルギーがあまり減衰
せず砂浜の後退が著しく、反射波による前面の洗
掘及び吸出し現象により依然として破損倒壊事故
が絶えない現状である。 Therefore, a method of covering the front wall with glue was adopted, which can withstand some amount of suction and can stand on its own and continue to function even if some soil flows out from the back. The butt wall type has a wide bottom plate and a fairly large slope of about 1:0.5 in order to withstand scouring in front of the levee body. However, in this buttress-type seawall, the energy of the reflected waves is not attenuated very much, causing the beach to recede significantly, and damage and collapse accidents continue to occur due to scouring and suction of the front surface by the reflected waves.
これら護岸堤はいずれも強固なコンクリートで
固められているが、多大のエネルギーをもつて海
岸に打寄せる波浪はコンクリート壁に激突した
後、強い反射流となつて堤体基礎を洗掘する。し
たがつて、法面をコンクリートブロツクにより階
段状に隈なく被覆すると共に、一時的に海水を貯
溜する能力のある砕波板を複数段設けるならば、
打寄せる波浪は砕波板内に貯溜された分だけ、水
量が減少し堤体を遡上する力が弱まる。また、波
が引くときには、海水が砕波板に挟まれた狭い排
水路を通過するため、一時に流下できずエネルギ
ーの小さい定常流に近ずき、堤体基礎を洗掘しな
いとの知見を得て、本発明を完成したものであ
る。
All of these seawalls are made of strong concrete, but the waves that hit the shore with a lot of energy crash into the concrete walls and turn into strong reflected currents that scour the foundations of the levee bodies. Therefore, if the slope is thoroughly covered with concrete blocks in a step-like manner, and multiple levels of wave-breaking plates capable of temporarily storing seawater are installed,
The amount of water that crashes into the dam is stored within the wave breaker plate, reducing the amount of water and the ability to move up the levee body. In addition, when the waves recede, the seawater passes through narrow drainage channels sandwiched between breaking wave plates, so it cannot flow down all at once and becomes a steady flow with low energy, which prevents it from scouring the embankment foundation. Thus, the present invention has been completed.
〔問題解決の解決の手段〕及び〔作用〕
本発明は、底板の後端縁部より後壁を延出した
コンクリートブロツクを用いて、法面を隈なく階
段状に被覆し、該コンクリートブロツクに、打寄
せる波浪を減衰させ、打寄せた海水を一時的に貯
溜する機能を有する砕波板を設けると共に、砕波
板と砕波板との間に、一時的に貯溜された海水の
ほぼ全量を次の波までに排出できる排水路を設け
ることを特徴とする。[Means for solving the problem] and [Operation] The present invention uses a concrete block whose rear wall extends from the rear end edge of the bottom plate to cover the entire slope in a step-like manner. In addition to installing wave-breaking plates that have the function of attenuating the waves that hit the waves and temporarily storing the seawater that hits the beach, almost all of the temporarily stored seawater is removed between the wave-breaking plates as follows: It is characterized by having a drainage channel that can drain water before the waves.
本発明は、波浪による堤体からの土砂の吸出し
を防止するため、法面をコンクリートを用いて階
段状に隈なく被覆する。法面全体にコンクリート
を階段状に打設してもよいが、底板の前部に海洋
側に向かつて砕波板を有し、底板の後端縁部より
後壁を延出したコンクリートブロツクを密に敷設
してもよい。後壁は階段状の堤体を保護するに足
る強度を要し、必ずしも底板と直角な必要はな
く、底板から鈍角をなして延出していてもよい。 In the present invention, in order to prevent earth and sand from being sucked out from the embankment body by waves, the slope is thoroughly covered with concrete in a step-like manner. Concrete may be poured in steps over the entire slope, but concrete blocks with a wave-breaking plate facing the ocean side at the front of the bottom plate and a rear wall extending from the rear edge of the bottom plate may be placed tightly. It may be installed in The rear wall must have sufficient strength to protect the stepped embankment, and does not necessarily have to be perpendicular to the bottom plate, but may extend from the bottom plate at an obtuse angle.
砕波板は、海岸線とほぼ平行に設けられ、打寄
せる波浪と激突して波浪のエネルギーを減衰させ
るに足る強度を有することが必要である。更に重
要なことは、打寄せた海水を一時的に貯溜する機
能を有することである。そのためには、砕波板は
底板前端縁部に設け、底板方向に多少傾斜してい
ることが望ましい。ま、海水が容易に流下しない
ようにある程度の長さを有するか、自由な流れを
防止するために砕波板から堰板を延出してもよ
い。砕波板は各各段毎に設けることが望ましい
が、場合によつては、各段毎に設けなくともよ
い。 The wave-breaking plate must be provided approximately parallel to the shoreline and must have sufficient strength to collide with the waves that are hitting the shore and attenuate the energy of the waves. More importantly, it has the ability to temporarily store seawater that has washed over it. For this purpose, it is desirable that the wave breaking plate be provided at the front edge of the bottom plate and be somewhat inclined toward the bottom plate. Alternatively, the weir plate may have a certain length so that seawater does not easily flow down, or a weir plate may be extended from the wave breaking plate to prevent free flow. It is desirable to provide a wave breaking plate for each stage, but in some cases, it is not necessary to provide a wave breaking plate for each stage.
なお、砕波板としては、多数の突起を有し空隙
率の高いコンクリートブロツクを底板の前面に埋
設してもよい。この場合は、砕波板自体に砕波能
力に加えるに、一時的な貯水能力と排水路を併有
させることができる。 As the wave breaking plate, a concrete block having a large number of protrusions and a high porosity may be buried in the front surface of the bottom plate. In this case, the wave-breaking plate itself can have a temporary water storage capacity and a drainage channel in addition to its wave-breaking ability.
砕波板と砕波板との間には排水路を設ける。排
水路は、打寄せた海水の自由な流下を妨げる隘路
であると共に、貝類、海草類等の生物の付着によ
り閉塞するおそれのない幅、少なくとも70mm、望
ましくは100mm以上を要する。 A drainage channel is provided between the wave breaking plates. Drainage channels must be at least 70 mm wide, preferably at least 100 mm wide, so that they are not only a bottleneck that prevents the free flow of seawater, but are also free from being blocked by organisms such as shellfish and seaweeds.
このようにして、法面をコンクリートで階段状
に隈なく被覆し、砕波板を配列し、砕波板と砕波
板との間に排水路を形成する。打寄せる波浪は砕
波板を下から順次越えてくるためにエネルギー及
び海水量を減少し、堤体上部まで遡上しない。引
く際には砕波板にせき止められて狭い排水路を通
過して順次流れ落ちる。したがつて砕波板による
砕波効果とあいまつて反射波のエネルギーは著し
く減衰し、定常流のような緩やかな流れとなり、
堤体基礎を洗掘しない。水は次の波浪を打寄せる
前に流れきり、次の波浪に備えることができる。
本発明は海岸に限らず、湖岸、川岸などのいずれ
の堤防にも実施できる。 In this way, the slope is thoroughly covered with concrete in a step-like manner, the wave-breaking plates are arranged, and a drainage channel is formed between the wave-breaking plates. The waves that hit the dam reduce their energy and seawater volume because they pass over the breaking plates one after another from below, and do not run up to the upper part of the dam body. When it is pulled, it is blocked by a wave breaking plate and flows down one by one through a narrow drainage channel. Therefore, combined with the wave-breaking effect of the wave-breaking plate, the energy of the reflected waves is significantly attenuated, resulting in a gentle flow similar to a steady flow.
Do not scour the embankment foundation. The water drains away before the next wave hits, allowing you to prepare for the next wave.
The present invention is not limited to the coast, but can be implemented on any embankment such as a lakeshore or a riverbank.
法面を階段状に隈なく被覆し、砕波板を排水路
を残して配設した本発明により、海岸に打寄せる
波浪のエネルギーを減衰させ、同時に打寄せた海
水を砕波板内に一時的に貯溜し、反射波の流れを
定常流に近づけることができ、堤体前面の洗掘及
び吸出し現象や海岸線の浸食を防止し、むしろ陸
地部分を増大させることができる。
The present invention, which covers the entire slope in a step-like manner and arranges the wave-breaking plates leaving drainage channels, attenuates the energy of waves hitting the shore, and at the same time temporarily stores the seawater that hits the shore inside the wave-breaking plates. It is possible to store and make the flow of reflected waves close to a steady flow, prevent scouring and suction phenomena on the front of the embankment body and erosion of the coastline, and rather increase the land area.
以下、図面を参照し、実施例を挙げて本発明を
詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明に係るコンクリートブロツクの
斜視図である。１は底板であつて、後壁２が後端
縁部３から砕波板４が前端縁部５から一体に打設
されている。値の２方の端縁部には何も植設され
ていないため、同形のコンクリートブロツクを密
接して並置すると、互いに底板１が連接し無限に
延長する断面Ｌ字形のコンンクリート面を形成す
ることができる。砕波板４の一方の端縁部には排
水路６を設けた。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a concrete block according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a bottom plate, on which a rear wall 2 is integrally cast from a rear edge 3 and a wave breaking plate 4 is cast from a front edge 5. Since nothing is planted on the two edges of the wall, if concrete blocks of the same shape are placed closely together, the bottom plates 1 will connect with each other, forming a concrete surface with an L-shaped cross section that extends infinitely. be able to. A drainage channel 6 was provided at one end edge of the wave breaking plate 4.
第３図は護岸堤の一部の平面図であり、第４図
は第３図の−線断面図である。前述のブロツ
クを砕波板４を海洋側に向けて密着させて同一水
平面上に配列すると底板１が海岸線とほぼ平行な
長い水平面を形成する。次いで、後壁背面に土砂
或いは砕石等を後壁の高さになるまで積上げ、前
端縁部５が後壁２の上に重なるようにに底板１を
密着させて配列する。このような方法で順次コン
クリートブロツクを積上げると第４図に示すよう
な階段状の護岸堤が形成される。７はコンクリー
トブロツクの背面基盤であり、海洋に面した先端
部に根固め工８を施工した。第１段のコンクリー
トブロツク９ａを一列に水平に設置し、後壁２の
背後に砕石、玉石、砂利、土砂等を後壁２の高さ
に盛り、その上に第２段のコンクリートブロツク
９ｂを一列に水平に設置した。このようにして順
次第３段、第４段……と所定の高さに積み上げ
た。この際、後壁２は土留板の機能を有し、場合
によつては後壁を後方に傾斜させれば、堤体をよ
り安定化することができる。 FIG. 3 is a plan view of a part of the seawall, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line -- in FIG. 3. When the aforementioned blocks are arranged on the same horizontal plane with the wave-breaking plates 4 facing toward the ocean side in close contact with each other, the bottom plate 1 forms a long horizontal plane substantially parallel to the coastline. Next, earth and sand, crushed stones, etc. are piled up on the back wall of the rear wall until it reaches the height of the rear wall, and the bottom plates 1 are arranged in close contact with each other so that the front edge 5 overlaps the rear wall 2. By stacking concrete blocks one after another in this manner, a stepped sea wall as shown in FIG. 4 will be formed. 7 is the back foundation of the concrete block, and foot protection work 8 was constructed at the tip facing the ocean. The first stage concrete blocks 9a are installed horizontally in a row, crushed stones, cobblestones, gravel, earth and sand are piled up behind the rear wall 2 to the height of the rear wall 2, and the second stage concrete blocks 9b are placed on top of it. They were placed horizontally in a row. In this way, they were stacked one after the other to a predetermined height, 3rd, 4th, etc. At this time, the rear wall 2 has the function of a retaining plate, and if the rear wall is tilted rearward in some cases, the embankment body can be made more stable.
８は海洋側に施工した根固め工でああり、第１
段のコンクリートブロツク９ａ、第２段のコンク
リートブロツク９ｂ、第３段のコンクリートブロ
ツク９ｃ、第２段のコンクリートブロツク９ｄと
順次積み上げていく。海洋から打寄せる波浪は第
３図の矢印に示すように、第１段のブロツク９ａ
の砕波板４と後壁２との間に形成される貯水部１
０を充たし、残余の海水は第２段のブロツクの貯
水部を充たす。このようにして次第に海水量が減
少して波浪のエネルギーは激減する。砕波板４に
は排水路６が設けられているが、砕波板にせきと
められて排水路６から落ちる海水の量は少ない。
波が引くときは各段のブロツクの排水路６から反
射波が流下するが、砕波板に阻まれてその勢いが
減少し、堤体前面を洗掘する力はない。特に、第
３図及び第４図に示すように各段毎に排水路の位
置をずらす配置をとると、矢印に示すように反射
波が更に迂回を強要され、そのエネルギーを減少
し、堤体を安定化する。 8 is the foot protection work constructed on the ocean side, and the first
The first step concrete blocks 9a, the second step concrete blocks 9b, the third step concrete blocks 9c, and the second step concrete blocks 9d are stacked one after another. As shown by the arrow in Figure 3, the waves coming from the ocean flow into block 9a of the first stage.
A water storage section 1 formed between the wave breaking plate 4 and the rear wall 2 of
0, and the remaining seawater fills the water storage section of the second stage block. In this way, the amount of seawater gradually decreases, and the energy of waves decreases dramatically. Although the wave breaking plate 4 is provided with a drainage channel 6, the amount of seawater that is blocked by the wave breaking plate and falling from the drainage channel 6 is small.
When the waves recede, reflected waves flow down from the drainage channels 6 of the blocks at each stage, but their momentum is reduced by being blocked by the wave-breaking plates, and there is no force to scour the front surface of the embankment body. In particular, if the position of the drainage channel is shifted from stage to stage as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the reflected waves will be forced to take a further detour as shown by the arrows, reducing their energy and stabilize.
第２図に示すものはコンクリートブロツクの他
の実施例であり、砕波板４を曲面とし底板１側に
向かつて傾斜弯曲させ、波浪から受ける衝撃を多
方向に散乱させ、波浪エネルギーの一層の減衰効
果を企図したものである。更に、排水路６を前端
縁部５の一端に設けず、両端に設けた。施工後は
互いに隣隣接するブロツクの排水路が連接し、１
個の排水路を設けたのと同一の結果になる。 The concrete block shown in Fig. 2 is another embodiment of the concrete block, in which the wave-breaking plate 4 is curved and curved at an angle toward the bottom plate 1, scattering the impact received from waves in multiple directions, and further attenuating the wave energy. It is intended to be effective. Furthermore, the drainage channel 6 is not provided at one end of the front edge portion 5, but is provided at both ends. After construction, the drainage channels of adjacent blocks will be connected, and 1
The result is the same as if there were two drainage channels.
この他砕波板を前端縁部５の両端から植設し、
排水路６は前端縁部５の中間部に設けてもよい。
排水路６を流下する水の流速は大きくなり、底板
の連接部から吸出し現象が生じがちであるが、こ
の場合には、この連接部を避けて排水路を設けて
あるため吸出しのおそれがない。また、排水路を
有する砕波板を平行に２列に設け前列のものを後
壁より低く、後列のものを後壁とほぼ同等にした
もの等も使用できる。更に、底板１の前端縁部底
面と後壁２とが互いに嵌合するような凹凸をもう
けると堤体が安定する。 In addition, wave breaking plates are planted from both ends of the front edge 5,
The drainage channel 6 may be provided in the middle of the front edge 5.
The flow rate of water flowing down the drain channel 6 increases, which tends to cause suction from the connecting portion of the bottom plate, but in this case, there is no risk of suction because the drain is provided avoiding this connecting portion. . Furthermore, it is also possible to use a structure in which wave breaking plates having drainage channels are arranged in two parallel rows, the front row being lower than the rear wall, and the rear row being approximately equal to the rear wall. Furthermore, if the bottom surface of the front edge of the bottom plate 1 and the rear wall 2 are provided with unevenness so that they fit into each other, the embankment body becomes stable.
図面は本発明の実施例を示し、第１図及び第２
図はコンクリートブロツクの斜視図、第３図は護
岸堤の一部を示す平面図、第４図は第３図の−
線断面図である。
図面中、符号１は底板、２は後壁、３は後端縁
部、４は砕波板、５は前端縁部、６は排水路、７
は背面基盤、８は根固め工、９はコンクリートブ
ロツク、１０は中央部である。
The drawings show embodiments of the invention, FIGS. 1 and 2.
The figure is a perspective view of the concrete block, Figure 3 is a plan view showing a part of the seawall, and Figure 4 is the same as in Figure 3.
FIG. In the drawings, 1 is a bottom plate, 2 is a rear wall, 3 is a rear edge, 4 is a wave breaking plate, 5 is a front edge, 6 is a drainage channel, and 7
8 is the back foundation, 8 is the foot protection work, 9 is the concrete block, and 10 is the center part.
Claims (1)
端縁部に底板面に向かつて傾斜させて延出し、底
板の幅よりも狭い砕波板を有し、打寄せる波浪を
減衰させ、打寄せた海水を一時的に貯溜する機能
を有するコンクリートブロツクを複数段用いて法
面を段階状に隈なく被覆し、砕波板と砕波板との
間に、一時的に貯溜された海水のほぼ全量を次の
波までに排出できる排水路を設けたことを特徴と
する堤体を保護する方法。1. A rear wall extends from the rear edge of the bottom plate, and a wave breaking plate extends from the front edge of the bottom plate at an angle toward the bottom plate surface, and has a wave-breaking plate narrower than the width of the bottom plate to attenuate the waves that strike. Multiple stages of concrete blocks, which have the function of temporarily storing seawater, are used to cover the entire slope in stages, and between the wave-breaking plates, most of the temporarily stored seawater is removed. A method of protecting an embankment body characterized by providing a drainage channel that can drain the entire amount before the next wave.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9918085A JPS60261816A (en) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-05-10 | Method of protecting weir body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9918085A JPS60261816A (en) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-05-10 | Method of protecting weir body |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2196484A Division JPS60168806A (en) | 1984-02-10 | 1984-02-10 | U-shaped block and stepped revetment levee employing said block |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60261816A JPS60261816A (en) | 1985-12-25 |
| JPH0339125B2 true JPH0339125B2 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
Family
ID=14240453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9918085A Granted JPS60261816A (en) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-05-10 | Method of protecting weir body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60261816A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6345833U (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-03-28 |
-
1985
- 1985-05-10 JP JP9918085A patent/JPS60261816A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60261816A (en) | 1985-12-25 |
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