JPH03103861A - Magnetic toner - Google Patents
Magnetic tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03103861A JPH03103861A JP1240838A JP24083889A JPH03103861A JP H03103861 A JPH03103861 A JP H03103861A JP 1240838 A JP1240838 A JP 1240838A JP 24083889 A JP24083889 A JP 24083889A JP H03103861 A JPH03103861 A JP H03103861A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- polysilane
- resin
- charge control
- good
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 metal complex salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000037062 Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical class [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014366 other mixer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006249 styrenic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は電子写真、静電記録及び静電印刷等における静
電荷像を現像するための新規な磁性トナーに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a novel magnetic toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.
［従来の技術］
従来、電子写真法としては米国特許第２，２９７，６９
１号明細書、特公昭４２−２３９１０号公報（米国特許
第３，６６６，３６３号明細書）及び特公昭４３−２４
７４８号公報（米国特許第４，０７１，３６１号明細書
）等に記載されている如く、多数の方法が知られている
が、般には光導電性物質を利用し、種々の手段により感
光体上に電気的潜像を形成し、次いで該潜像をトナーで
現像を行なって可視像とし、必要に応じて、紙等の転写
材にトナー画像を転写した後、加熱、圧力等により定着
し、複写物を得るものである。[Prior Art] Conventionally, as an electrophotographic method, U.S. Patent No. 2,297,69
Specification No. 1, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910 (U.S. Patent No. 3,666,363), and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24
A number of methods are known, such as those described in U.S. Pat. An electrical latent image is formed on the body, and then the latent image is developed with toner to become a visible image, and if necessary, after the toner image is transferred to a transfer material such as paper, it is transferred by heat, pressure, etc. It is fixed and a copy is obtained.
静電潜像をトナーを用いて可視像化する現像方法も種々
知られている。例えば米国特許第２，８７４，０６３号
明細書に記載されている磁気ブラシ法、同第２，６１８
，５５２号明細書に記載されているカスケード現像法及
び同第２，２２１，７７６号明細書に記載されているパ
ウダークラウド法、ファーブラシ現像法、液体現像法等
、多数の現像法が知られている。これらの現像法におい
て、特にトナー及びキャリアを主体とする現像剤を用い
る磁気ブラシ法、カスケード法、液体現像法などが広く
実用化されている。これらの方法はいずれも比較的安定
に良画像の得られる優れた方法であるが、反面キャリア
の劣化、トナーとキャリアの混合比の変動という２成分
系現像剤にまつわる共通の欠点を有する。Various developing methods are also known in which an electrostatic latent image is visualized using toner. For example, the magnetic brush method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,874,063;
A large number of development methods are known, such as the cascade development method described in No. 2,221,776, the powder cloud method, the fur brush development method, and the liquid development method. ing. Among these development methods, the magnetic brush method, cascade method, liquid development method, etc., which use a developer mainly consisting of toner and carrier, are in particular widely put into practical use. All of these methods are excellent methods in which good images can be obtained relatively stably, but on the other hand, they have common drawbacks associated with two-component developers, such as deterioration of the carrier and fluctuations in the mixing ratio of toner and carrier.
係る欠点を回避するため、トナーのみよりなる１成分系
現像剤を用いる現像方法が各ｆｆｆｌ提案されているが
、中でも、磁性を有するトナー粒子より成る現像剤を用
いる方法に優れたものが多い。In order to avoid such drawbacks, development methods using a one-component developer made only of toner have been proposed, but among these, many methods using a developer made of magnetic toner particles are superior.
従来、これらトナーには現像される静電潜像の極性に応
じて予め正又は負の電荷が与えられる。Conventionally, these toners are previously given a positive or negative charge depending on the polarity of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.
トナーに電荷を付与するためには、トナーの成分である
樹脂の摩擦帯電性のみを利用することも出来るが、この
方法ではトナーの帯電性が小さいので、現像によって得
られる画像はカブリ易く、不鮮明なものとなる。そこで
、所望の摩擦帯電性をトナーに付与するために、帯電性
を強化する染料、顔料等をはじめとする電荷制御剤を添
加することが行われている。In order to charge the toner, it is also possible to use only the triboelectricity of the resin that is a component of the toner, but with this method, the toner's chargeability is small, so the image obtained by development is prone to fogging and is unclear. Become something. Therefore, in order to impart desired triboelectric charging properties to the toner, charge control agents such as dyes and pigments that enhance the charging properties are added.
今日、当該技術分野で知られている電荷制御剤としては
、ニグロシン染料、アジン系染料（特公昭４２−１６２
７号公報）、モノアゾ染料の金属錯塩、サリチル酸、ナ
フトエ酸、ダイカルポン酸の金属錯塩、銅フタロシアニ
ン顔料などがある。これら染顔料から派生したものは、
優れた電荷制御特性を示す。Charge control agents known in the art today include nigrosine dyes, azine dyes (Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-162
7), metal complex salts of monoazo dyes, metal complex salts of salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, and dicarponic acid, and copper phthalocyanine pigments. Those derived from these dyes and pigments are
Shows excellent charge control properties.
しかし、今後、オフィスにおける情報量の増加に伴う複
写枚数の増大、しかるに複写機の複写速度の高速化に伴
って、複写機の高信頼性が望まれる。そのためトナーと
して更に安定化することが要求される。However, in the future, as the amount of information in offices increases, the number of copies to be made will increase, and as the copying speed of copying machines increases, high reliability of copying machines will be desired. Therefore, it is required to further stabilize the toner.
このような情況のもとで、トナーを更に安定化させる上
で電荷制御剤の分散性は重大な役割を持つ。ここで、染
顔料系の電荷制御剤は自己凝集力が強いため、現在用い
られている染顔料系電荷制御剤は更に分散性を向上する
必要がある。Under these circumstances, the dispersibility of the charge control agent plays an important role in further stabilizing the toner. Here, since dye and pigment charge control agents have a strong self-cohesive force, it is necessary to further improve the dispersibility of the dye and pigment charge control agents currently used.
又、最近、樹脂との相溶性を高める目的で、電荷制御剤
として、アミノ基を含有するビニル系ボリマー、アミノ
基を含有する縮合系ボリマーなどのポリアミンなどが提
案されているが、これらの電荷制御剤は、親水性のもの
が多く、特に、高湿下で摩擦’ＩＩＦ ？［！ ｆｆｉ
が低下する。又、高温条件下で摩擦帯電量が低下しない
ものは、低湿条件下で、摩擦−ｌｌｌ：電量が異常に烟
加する。このような摩擦ｆ電量が湿度により著しく変動
する電荷制御剤を含有したトナーを用いると、温湿度の
変化により画質が変化してしまい、常に良好な品質の画
像を提供することが極めて困難になる。Recently, polyamines such as vinyl polymers containing amino groups and condensation polymers containing amino groups have been proposed as charge control agents for the purpose of increasing compatibility with resins. Many of the control agents are hydrophilic, especially in friction 'IIF' under high humidity conditions. [! ffi
decreases. In addition, if the amount of frictional charge does not decrease under high temperature conditions, the amount of frictional charge will abnormally increase under low humidity conditions. If a toner containing a charge control agent whose triboelectric charge varies significantly depending on humidity is used, the image quality will change due to changes in temperature and humidity, making it extremely difficult to consistently provide images of good quality. .
従って、今後、複写の高速化に伴って、トナー帯電量の
温・湿度依存性により厳しい条件が要求されると共に、
電荷制御剤の樹脂との分散性も考慮した上での帯電能の
温・湿度依存性も厳しい条件が要求され、このような理
由から樹脂との相溶性が良好な温・湿度依存性が少ない
電荷制御剤の開発が強く要請されている。Therefore, as copying speeds increase in the future, stricter conditions will be required for the dependence of toner charge on temperature and humidity.
Strict conditions are required for the temperature/humidity dependence of charging ability, taking into consideration the dispersibility of the charge control agent with the resin.For these reasons, a material with good compatibility with the resin and low temperature/humidity dependence is required. There is a strong demand for the development of charge control agents.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
本発明の目的は、かかる問題点を解決した磁性トナーを
提供することにある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner that solves these problems.
即ち本発明の目的は、樹脂と電荷制御剤の分散性が良好
で、かつトナーとスリーブの如きトナー担持体との間等
の摩擦帯電量が温度、湿度の変化を受けずに安定で、環
境条件の変化に影響され難い安定した画像を再現し得る
磁性トナーの提供にある。That is, an object of the present invention is to ensure that the dispersibility of the resin and the charge control agent is good, and that the amount of triboelectric charge between the toner and the toner carrier such as a sleeve is stable without being affected by changes in temperature and humidity, and that the charge control agent is stable in the environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner capable of reproducing stable images that are not easily affected by changes in conditions.
更に、本発明の目的は、正又は負の良好な摩擦帝電性を
有する磁性トナーの提供にある。A further object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner having good positive or negative triboelectric properties.
又、本発明の目的は、耐久性に優れカブリのない鮮明な
画像を得る磁性トナーの提供にある。Another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner that has excellent durability and provides clear images without fogging.
［課題を解決するための手段及び作用コ本発明者は前記
の目的を達戊する為、鋭意検討した結果、少なくとも一
般式（１）で表され重量平均分子量が２，０００−１，
０００，０００であるポリシラン系ブロックポリマー
（式中、Ｒ．， Ｒ２， Ｉｔ．及びＲ４は、アルキル
、アリール、置換アルキル、置換アリール及びアルコキ
シから成る群から選ばれ、いずれも同じであっても或は
異なってもよい。Ａはビニル系モノマーを示す。ｎ，ｍ
及びｐはポリマー中の総モノマーに対するそれぞれのモ
ノマー数の割合を示すモル比であり、ｎ 十ｍ ＋ ｐ
＝ １となりＯ＜ｎ＜ １、０≦ｍ＜１、Ｏ＜ｐ＜１
である。）
を含有する磁性トナーにより本発明は達成される。[Means and effects for solving the problem] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor has made extensive studies and found that at least a compound represented by the general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000-1,
000,000 (wherein R., R2, It. and R4 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl and alkoxy, and may be the same or may be different. A represents a vinyl monomer. n, m
and p is the molar ratio indicating the proportion of the number of each monomer to the total monomers in the polymer, n m + p
= 1, O<n<1, 0≦m<1, O<p<1
It is. ) The present invention is achieved by a magnetic toner containing the following.
即ち、本発明は重合度の異なるポリシラン系プロックポ
リマー及び磁性体を含有することにより、樹脂との相溶
性に優れ、正又は負の良好な摩擦帯電性を有した磁性ト
ナーに関する。That is, the present invention relates to a magnetic toner that contains polysilane-based block polymers having different degrees of polymerization and a magnetic material, thereby exhibiting excellent compatibility with resins and good positive or negative triboelectrification properties.
ポリシランは主鎖のσ一結合の軌道準位が高く、共役に
よってσ電子が非局在化（フィジカル・レビューＢ ３
０ ５８７１ ＰＰ （１９８４）） Ｌて半導体的な
特性を示す。又、Ｓｔ主鎖が長くなる、つまり分子量が
大きくなるとイオン化ポテンシャルが小さくなる。（ジ
ャーナル・オブ・アメリカン・ケミカル・ソサエティー
， ９２， ５１９ ＰＰ （１９７０））これにより
、ポリシランの分子量を調節することにより低分子量ポ
リシランは負’ＩＩＦＩｉ性トナーの電荷制御剤として
、又高分子量ポリシランは、正帯電性トナーの電荷制御
剤として用いることが可能であると考えられる。又、局
在したπ一軌道を有する側鎖基は、主鎖のσ一軌道と相
互作用を及ぼし、結果的にイオン化ポテンシャルを小せ
しめるため、側鎖基としてフェニル基など置換したポリ
シリコンで高分子量のものは正の電荷制御剤として有用
であると考えられる。Polysilane has a high orbital level of the σ-bond in the main chain, and σ electrons are delocalized due to conjugation (Physical Review B 3
0 5871 PP (1984)) L exhibits semiconductor-like characteristics. Furthermore, as the St main chain becomes longer, that is, the molecular weight becomes larger, the ionization potential becomes smaller. (Journal of the American Chemical Society, 92, 519 PP (1970)) As a result, by adjusting the molecular weight of polysilane, low molecular weight polysilane can be used as a charge control agent for negative 'IIFIi toners, and high molecular weight polysilane can be used as a charge control agent for negative 'IIFIi toners. , it is considered possible to use it as a charge control agent for positively chargeable toner. In addition, side chain groups with a localized π-one orbital interact with the σ-one orbital of the main chain, resulting in a reduction in the ionization potential. Those of molecular weight are considered useful as positive charge control agents.
又、ポリシラン及びビニル系ボリマーより成るブロック
ポリマーは機械的特性に優れ、靭性があり、接着性が良
く又、ビニル系ボリマーはトナー主成分である樹脂との
相溶性に優れるために、ポリシラン系ブロックポリマー
を用いると現在の電荷制御剤に比べ、より分散性に優れ
るため良好な電荷制御が可能となり又、ポリシラン主鎖
が疎水性を有するため高湿下でも帯電性は失われず、良
好な電荷制御ができると考えられる。In addition, block polymers made of polysilane and vinyl polymers have excellent mechanical properties, toughness, and good adhesion, and vinyl polymers have excellent compatibility with the resin that is the main component of toner, so polysilane blocks Compared to current charge control agents, polymers have better dispersibility and enable better charge control.Also, since the polysilane main chain is hydrophobic, charging properties are not lost even under high humidity, resulting in better charge control. It is thought that it can be done.
正又は負の電荷制御剤として用いる場合の境界はポリシ
ランの分子量及び側鎖基の種類により異なるため一義的
には決められないが負の電荷制御剤としては、ポリシラ
ン系ブロックポリマーの重量平均分子量が２０，０００
以下のものか好ましく正の電荷制御剤としては、２０，
０００以上のものが好ましい。The boundary when used as a positive or negative charge control agent cannot be determined unambiguously because it differs depending on the molecular weight of the polysilane and the type of side chain group, but as a negative charge control agent, the weight average molecular weight of the polysilane block polymer is 20,000
The following preferred positive charge control agents include 20,
000 or more is preferred.
重量平均分子量が、２，０００より小なるものは、結着
樹脂との相溶性が不十分であり、又、重量平均分子量が
１，０００，０００より大なるものは、トナー作製時の
混線過程において混合性が悪く、偏析や凝集が起こり、
帯電性能の低下を生じる。If the weight average molecular weight is less than 2,000, the compatibility with the binder resin is insufficient, and if the weight average molecular weight is more than 1,000,000, the crosstalk process during toner production may occur. Poor miscibility causes segregation and agglomeration,
This results in a decrease in charging performance.
中でも好ましくは結着樹脂の重量平均分子量よりも低い
重量平均分子量を有するポリシラン系ブロックポリマー
を用いることである。Among them, it is preferable to use a polysilane block polymer having a weight average molecular weight lower than that of the binder resin.
本発明において使用するビニル系モノマーとしては、ス
チレン系、アクリル系、酢酸ビニル系、ブタジエン系モ
ノマーがある。Vinyl monomers used in the present invention include styrene, acrylic, vinyl acetate, and butadiene monomers.
スチレン系モノマーとしては例えば、スチレン、α−メ
チルスチレン、ジビニルベンゼンが挙げられる。Examples of styrenic monomers include styrene, α-methylstyrene, and divinylbenzene.
アクリル系モノマーとしては例えば、メチルアクリレー
ト、エチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、エチ
ルメタクリレート、ｔｅｒｔ−プチルメタクリレート、
ｎ−プロビルメタクリレート， ｎ−オクチルメタクリ
レートなどが挙げられる。又、酢酸ビニル系モノマーと
しては例えば、酢酸ビニル、ブロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸
ビニル、プタジエン系モノマーとしては例えば、ブタジ
ェン、イソプレン、クロロプレンなどが挙げられる。Examples of acrylic monomers include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate,
Examples include n-propyl methacrylate and n-octyl methacrylate. Examples of vinyl acetate monomers include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate; examples of putadiene monomers include butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene.
本発明のポリシラン系ブロックポリマーの構成を例示す
る。The structure of the polysilane block polymer of the present invention will be illustrated.
（以下余白）
１
１
Ｃ１１３
Ｃ２｝１５
１
２
Ｃ１１３
Ｃ２Ｈ５
しＨ （ＬｉＨ３ノ２
しυｕＵＨ３
１
５
１
６
１９
２０
尚、ブロックポリマーの構成は、ポリシランをＡ、ヒ゛
ニノレ系ボリマーをＢとすると＾−Ｌ八一ロー八Ｂ−Ａ
−Ｂ， Ａ−８−八−Ｂなどのいずれの構成でも良い。(Left below) 1 1 C113 C2}15 1 2 C113 C2H5 shiH (LiH3ノ2 shiυuUH3 1 5 1 6 19 20 The structure of the block polymer is as follows: A is the polysilane and B is the vinyl polymer. Yaichiro 8B-A
-B, A-8-8-B, etc. may be used.
ただし、ポリシラン中のシランモノマーが２種以上の場
合、ポリシラン内でシランモノマーがランダム共重合し
ていても良い。However, when there are two or more types of silane monomers in the polysilane, the silane monomers may be randomly copolymerized within the polysilane.
ポリシラン系ブロックポリマー中のポリシランのＪＩ！
−量体の総モル数とビニル系ボリマーの単量体のモル数
の比は３対７から９対１が用いられる。JI of polysilane in polysilane block polymer!
The ratio of the total number of moles of the monomer to the number of moles of the vinyl polymer monomer is from 3:7 to 9:1.
特に４対６から８対２が好ましい。Particularly preferred is 4:6 to 8:2.
上記ポリシラン系ブロックポリマーは公知の方法で製造
できる。又、ポリシラン系プロックボリマーは単独又は
２種以上の併用で用いられるが、必要に応じて、従来公
知の電荷制御剤を本発明の電荷制御剤と組み合わせて使
用することもできる。The above polysilane block polymer can be produced by a known method. Further, polysilane block polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more types, but if necessary, conventionally known charge control agents can also be used in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.
これら電荷制御剤を結着樹脂及び磁性体を必須成分とす
るトナー中に配合することにより、本発明のトナーが得
られる。電荷制御剤の配合の形態としては、トナー中に
均一に内包させるいわゆる内添形態と、トナーに混合し
付着させる、いわゆる外添形態のいずれも採用可能であ
る。The toner of the present invention can be obtained by blending these charge control agents into a toner containing a binder resin and a magnetic material as essential components. The charge control agent can be blended in either a so-called internal addition form in which it is uniformly included in the toner, or an external addition form in which it is mixed and adhered to the toner.
内添する場合、電荷制御剤の使用量は結着樹脂の種類、
必要に応じて使用される添加剤の有無、分散方法を含め
たトナー製造方法Ｃよって決定されるもので一般的に限
定されるものでは無いが、好ましくは結着樹脂１００重
量部に対して０．１〜２０重量部（より好ましくは０．
５〜１０重量部）の範囲で用いられる。When internally added, the amount of charge control agent used depends on the type of binder resin,
It is determined by the toner manufacturing method C including the presence or absence of additives used as necessary and the dispersion method, and is generally not limited, but preferably 0 to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. .1 to 20 parts by weight (more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight)
(5 to 10 parts by weight).
又、外添する場合は、樹脂１００重量部に対し、０．０
１〜１０重量部が望ましい。外添方法としてはメカノケ
主カル的な方法で固着させるのが特に好ましい。In addition, when externally added, 0.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of resin.
1 to 10 parts by weight is desirable. As the method of external addition, it is particularly preferable to use a mechanical method for fixing.
尚、必要に応じて、従来公知の電荷制御剤を、本発明の
電荷制御剤と組み合わせて使用することもできる。Note that, if necessary, a conventionally known charge control agent may be used in combination with the charge control agent of the present invention.
本発明に用いられる磁性体としてはマグネタイト、マグ
ヘマイト、フエライト等の酸化鉄；鉄、コバルト、ニッ
ケルのような金属或はこれらの金属とアルミニウム、コ
バルト、銅、鉛、マグネシウム、スズ、亜鉛、アンチモ
ン、ベリリウム、ビスマス、カドくウム、カルシウム、
マンガン、セレン、チタン、タングステン、バナジウム
のような金属との合金及びその混合物等が挙げられる。The magnetic materials used in the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, maghemite, and ferrite; metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, or these metals and aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium,
Examples include alloys with metals such as manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium, and mixtures thereof.
これらの磁性体は平均粒径が０．１〜２μｍ程度、特に
０．１〜１．０μｍのものが望ましく、トナー中に含有
させる量としては樹脂成分１００重量部に対し約２０〜
２００重量部、特に好ましくは樹脂成分１００重量部に
対し４０〜１５０重量部である。These magnetic substances preferably have an average particle diameter of about 0.1 to 2 μm, particularly 0.1 to 1.0 μm, and are contained in the toner in an amount of about 20 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
The amount is 200 parts by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
磁性体の添加量が２０重量部未満のトナーでは、トナー
の磁性が弱く、トナーが現像スリーブより離脱して、カ
ブリのある画像が得られる。また、磁性体の添加量が２
００重量部を越える場合には、トナーの磁力が必要以上
に強くなり、トナーが現像スリーブより離脱しにくく、
画像濃度が低下する。When the amount of the magnetic substance added is less than 20 parts by weight, the toner has weak magnetism, and the toner separates from the developing sleeve, resulting in a foggy image. In addition, the amount of magnetic material added is 2
If it exceeds 0.00 parts by weight, the magnetic force of the toner will be stronger than necessary, and the toner will be difficult to separate from the developing sleeve.
Image density decreases.
トナーの結着樹脂としては、ボリスチレン、ポリーｐ−
クロロスチレン、ポリビニルトルエンなどのスチレン及
びその置換体の単重合体；スチレンｐ−クＣＩＣＩスチ
レン共重合体、スチレンープロピレン共重合体、スチレ
ンービニルトルエン共重合体、スチレンービニルナフタ
レン共重合体、スチレンーアクリル酸メチル共重合体、
スチレンーアクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレンーアク
リル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレンーアクリル酸オクチル
共重合体、スチレンーアクリル酸２−エチルヘキシル共
重合体等のスチレンーアクリル共重合体、スヂレンーメ
タクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレンーメタクリル酸エ
チル共重合体、スチレンーメタクリル酸ブチル共重合体
、スチレンーα−クロルメタクリル酸メチル共重合体、
スチレンーアクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレンービニ
ルメチルエーテル共重合体、スチレンービニルエチルエ
ーテル共重合体、スチレンービニルメチルケトン共重合
体、スチレンーブタジエン共重合体、スチレンーイソブ
レン共重合体、スチレンーアクリロニトリルーインデン
共重合体、スチレンーマレイン酸共重合体、スチレンー
マレイン酸エステル共重合体などのスチレン系共重合体
；ボリメチルメタ２３
クリレート、ポリプチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニ
ル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレン、ボリブロピレン、
ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ボリアくド、エボキシ樹
脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジ
ン、変性ロジン、テルベン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、脂肪
族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族系石油樹脂、塩素化
パラフィン、パラフィンワックスなどが挙げられ、単独
或は混合して使用できる。As the binder resin of the toner, polystyrene, polyp-
Monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene p-CICI styrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymers, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymers, Styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer,
Styrene-acrylic copolymers such as styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer, styrene- Methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer,
Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isobrene copolymer, styrene - Styrenic copolymers such as acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, and styrene-maleic acid ester copolymer; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, volibropyrene,
Polyester, polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terbene resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, Examples include paraffin wax, which can be used alone or in combination.
又特に圧力定着に適したトナーを与えるために好適な結
着樹脂として限定して挙げると下記のものが単独或は混
合して使用できる。Further, in order to provide a toner particularly suitable for pressure fixing, the following binder resins can be used alone or in combination as suitable binder resins.
ポリオレフィン（低分子量ポリエチレン、低分子量ポリ
プロピレン、酸化ポリエチレン、ボリ４フッ化エチレン
など）、エボキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、スチレンー
ブタジェン共重合体（モノマー比：５〜３０：９５〜７
ｏ）、オレフィン共重合体（エチレンーアクリル酸共重
合体、エチレンーアクリル酸エステル共重合体、エチレ
ンーメタクリル酸共重合体、エチレンーメタクリル酸エ
ステル２ ４
共重合体、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー
樹脂）、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルビニルエーテル
ー無ホマレイン酸共重合体、マレイン酸変性フェノール
樹脂、フェノール変性テルペン樹脂。Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (monomer ratio: 5-30:95-7
o), olefin copolymers (ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic ester 2 4 copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) , ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-anofomaleic acid copolymer, maleic acid-modified phenolic resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.
又本発明のトナーには、必要に応じて上記以外の添加剤
を混合してもよい。添加剤としては、例えばテフロン、
ステアリン酸亜鉛の如き滑剤；酸化セリウム、炭化ケイ
素等の研磨材；例えばコロイダルシリ力、酸化チタン、
酸化アルミニウム等の流動性付与剤；ケーキング防止剤
；例えばカーボンブラック、酸化スズ等の導電性付与剤
；低分子量ポリエチレンなどの定着助剤等がある。特に
、アルキルクロロシラン、アルキルアミノシラン、アル
キルアルコキシシラン或はシリコーンオイル等で処理さ
れた疎水性シリカがトナーに外添されることが好ましい
。Furthermore, additives other than those mentioned above may be mixed into the toner of the present invention, if necessary. Examples of additives include Teflon,
Lubricants such as zinc stearate; abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide; such as colloidal silicate, titanium oxide,
Examples include fluidity imparting agents such as aluminum oxide; anti-caking agents; conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black and tin oxide; and fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyethylene. In particular, it is preferred that hydrophobic silica treated with alkylchlorosilane, alkylaminosilane, alkylalkoxysilane, silicone oil, or the like be externally added to the toner.
本発明に係る磁性トナーを作製するには前記本発明に係
るポリシラン系ブッロクボリマー電荷制御剤及び磁性体
を、上記結着樹脂及び添加剤等をボールミルその他の混
合機により充分混合してから加熱ロール、ニーダー、エ
クストルーダー等の熱混線機を用いて溶酌及び混練して
樹脂類を互いに相溶せしめ、冷却固化後、粉砕及び分級
して平均粒径５〜２０μのトナーを得ることが出来る。To prepare the magnetic toner according to the present invention, the polysilane-based block polymer charge control agent and magnetic material according to the present invention are thoroughly mixed with the binder resin and additives using a ball mill or other mixer, and then heated with a heating roll. The resins are melted and kneaded using a thermal mixer such as a kneader or an extruder to make the resins mutually soluble, and after being cooled and solidified, the resins are crushed and classified to obtain a toner having an average particle size of 5 to 20 μm.
或は結着樹脂溶液中に材料を分散した後、噴霧乾燥する
ことにより得る方法、或は、結着樹脂を構成すべき単量
体に所定材料を混合して乳化懸濁液とした後に重合させ
てトナーを得る重合法トナー製造法、或はコア材とシェ
ル材からなるいわゆるマイクロカプセルトナーのコア部
及び／又はシェル部に含有させる方法等の方法が応用で
きる。Alternatively, the material can be obtained by dispersing the material in a binder resin solution and then spray-drying it, or by mixing the specified material with the monomers that should constitute the binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing it. Methods such as a polymerization toner manufacturing method in which a toner is obtained by a polymerization process, or a method in which the toner is incorporated into a core portion and/or a shell portion of a so-called microcapsule toner consisting of a core material and a shell material can be applied.
［実施例］
以下、本発明を実施例により、更に具体的に説明するが
、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるもので
はない。[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples in any way.
尚、以下の配合における「部」は全て重量部である。In addition, all "parts" in the following formulations are parts by weight.
実施例１
上記の各処方量を十分にヘンシェルミキサーにより予備
混合を行ない、３本ロールミルで少なくとも２回以上溶
融混練し、冷却後ハンマーミルを用イて約１〜２ｍｍ程
度に粉砕して、次いでエアージェット方式による微粉砕
機で４０μｍ以下の粒径に微粉砕した。さらに得られた
微粉砕物を分級して、１〜２０μｍを選択して負帯電性
磁性トナーを得た。Example 1 The above prescription amounts were sufficiently premixed using a Henschel mixer, melt-kneaded at least twice using a three-roll mill, cooled, and ground to about 1 to 2 mm using a hammer mill. It was pulverized to a particle size of 40 μm or less using an air jet type pulverizer. Further, the obtained finely pulverized product was classified to select particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm to obtain a negatively charged magnetic toner.
このトナーを市販のキヤノン製複写機（商品名ＮＰ−８
５８０ ”）に適用し画像テストを行なったところ、高
画像濃度で１２０，０００枚耐久後もカブリのない良好
な画像が得られた。Apply this toner to a commercially available Canon copier (product name NP-8).
580'') and performed an image test, it was found that good images with high image density and no fogging were obtained even after 120,000 sheets were used.
２ ７
２ ８
実施例２
実施例１においてポリシラン系ブロックポリマーを
Ｘ ： Ｙ ： Ｚ ＝０．４：０．３：０
．３重量平均分子量２００，０００
に変える以外は実施例１と同様にトナーを作製し、得ら
れたトナーは正’ＩＩＰ ？！！性磁性トナーであった
。2 7 2 8 Example 2 In Example 1, the polysilane block polymer was changed to X:Y:Z=0.4:0.3:0
．． 3 A toner was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the weight average molecular weight was changed to 200,000, and the obtained toner had positive 'IIP? ! ! It was a magnetic toner.
市販のキヤノン製複写機（商品名ＮＰ−５５４０）を５
０枚／分のコピースピードになるよう改造した機械にこ
の磁性トナーを適用し、実施例１と同様に画像テストを
行なったところ、低温低湿、高温高温環境において画像
濃度も高く、カブリのない鮮明画像が得られ、７０，０
００枚耐久後も良好な画像が得られた。5 commercially available Canon copiers (product name NP-5540)
When this magnetic toner was applied to a machine modified to have a copy speed of 0 sheets per minute and an image test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the image density was high in low temperature, low humidity, and high temperature environments, and the image was clear and fog-free. Image obtained, 70,0
Good images were obtained even after 00 sheets of durability.
実施例３
上記の各処方量を実施例１と同様にしてトナー作製した
ところ、負帯電性磁性トナーを得た。このトナー１００
部に対し、流動性付与剤として酸化チタン０．５部をヘ
ンシェルミキサーで混合外添した。Example 3 A toner was prepared using the same prescription amounts as in Example 1, and a negatively charged magnetic toner was obtained. This toner 100
0.5 part of titanium oxide as a fluidity imparting agent was added externally by mixing with a Henschel mixer.
実施例１と同様に画像テストを行なったところ実施例１
と同様に良好な結果が得られた。When an image test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, Example 1
Similar good results were obtained.
比較例ｌ
実施例１においてポリシラン系ブロックポリマーをベン
タシラン４部にする以外は実施例１と同様にトナーを作
製した。得られたトナーは負帯電性トナーであり、実施
例１と同様に画像テストを行なった結果、低温環境下に
おいて帯電量が高く、画像濃度が低下した。Comparative Example 1 A toner was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 parts of bentasilane was used as the polysilane block polymer. The obtained toner was a negatively chargeable toner, and as a result of performing an image test in the same manner as in Example 1, the amount of charge was high in a low temperature environment, and the image density was decreased.
［発明の効果］
本発明の磁性トナーは、いかなる環境条件においても良
好な画像を長期間安定して提供することができる。[Effects of the Invention] The magnetic toner of the present invention can stably provide good images over a long period of time under any environmental conditions.
Claims (1)
〜１，０００，０００であるポリシラン系ブロックポリ
マーを含有することを特徴とする磁性トナー。 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼（ I ） （式中、Ｒ＿１、Ｒ＿２、Ｒ＿３及びＲ＿４は、アルキ
ル、アリール、置換アルキル、置換アリール及びアルコ
キシから成る群から選ばれ、いずれも同じであっても或
は異なってもよい。Ａはビニル系モノマーを示す。ｎ、
ｍ及びｐはポリマー中の総モノマーに対するそれぞれの
モノマー数の割合を示すモル比であり、ｎ＋ｍ＋ｐ＝１
となり０＜ｎ＜１、０≦ｍ＜１、０＜ｐ＜１である。）[Claims] Represented by the general formula (I), with a weight average molecular weight of 2,000
A magnetic toner characterized by containing a polysilane block polymer having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 1,000,000. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (I) (In the formula, R_1, R_2, R_3 and R_4 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl and alkoxy, and all are the same. or may be different.A represents a vinyl monomer.n,
m and p are molar ratios indicating the proportion of each monomer number to the total monomers in the polymer, n+m+p=1
Therefore, 0<n<1, 0≦m<1, and 0<p<1. )
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1240838A JPH03103861A (en) | 1989-09-19 | 1989-09-19 | Magnetic toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1240838A JPH03103861A (en) | 1989-09-19 | 1989-09-19 | Magnetic toner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03103861A true JPH03103861A (en) | 1991-04-30 |
Family
ID=17065455
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1240838A Pending JPH03103861A (en) | 1989-09-19 | 1989-09-19 | Magnetic toner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03103861A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100380094B1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-04-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A rotating working die of engine for vehicles |
-
1989
- 1989-09-19 JP JP1240838A patent/JPH03103861A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100380094B1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-04-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A rotating working die of engine for vehicles |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5085965A (en) | Negative toner for developing latent electrostatic images | |
| JPH086295A (en) | Electric charge controlling agent composition, electrophotographic toner using same and developer | |
| JPH0574818B2 (en) | ||
| JP3189298B2 (en) | Dry toner manufacturing method | |
| JPH03103861A (en) | Magnetic toner | |
| JP3179898B2 (en) | Positively chargeable magnetic toner | |
| JPH0484140A (en) | Positively charged magnetic toner | |
| JPH03103862A (en) | Magnetic toner | |
| JP2694543B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic images | |
| JPH03203745A (en) | Magnetic toner | |
| JP3230030B2 (en) | Magnetic toner | |
| JP3248048B2 (en) | Positively chargeable toner for electrostatic image development | |
| JP2835984B2 (en) | Magnetic toner and image forming method | |
| JPH03203744A (en) | Magnetic toner | |
| JPH0731412B2 (en) | Positively charged toner for electrostatic image development | |
| JPH0736083B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic image development | |
| JPH01309072A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner | |
| JPH03103860A (en) | Color toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
| JPH0664361B2 (en) | Developer for electrostatic image development | |
| JPH0772653A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner | |
| JPS61137161A (en) | Toner | |
| JPH0157905B2 (en) | ||
| JPS61156137A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner | |
| JPH03103863A (en) | Color toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
| JPS62106472A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |