JPH0240628A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0240628A JPH0240628A JP19185688A JP19185688A JPH0240628A JP H0240628 A JPH0240628 A JP H0240628A JP 19185688 A JP19185688 A JP 19185688A JP 19185688 A JP19185688 A JP 19185688A JP H0240628 A JPH0240628 A JP H0240628A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- display element
- alignment film
- transparent electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006853 SnOz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の分野］
本発明は、液晶表示素子に関する。さらに詳しくは、強
誘電性液晶が良好に配向しうる高分子配向膜を有する液
晶表示素子に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to liquid crystal display elements. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element having a polymer alignment film in which ferroelectric liquid crystal can be well aligned.
［発明の技術的背景および従来技術］
従来より、時計、コンピューター、７−ドプロセツサー
などに使用されている液晶表示素子は、その基本構造と
して、透明電極上に高分子配向膜を設けた二枚の透明電
極基板が高分子配向膜を内側にして配置され、その間に
液晶が封入される構造をとっているものが普通である。[Technical Background of the Invention and Prior Art] The basic structure of liquid crystal display elements conventionally used in watches, computers, 7-channel processors, etc. is a two-layer structure in which a polymer alignment film is provided on a transparent electrode. Usually, a transparent electrode substrate is arranged with a polymer alignment film on the inside, and a liquid crystal is sealed between them.
一般に、液晶表示素子においては、液晶をある方向にそ
ろえて配列させる、すなわち配向させる必要があるため
、上記のような液晶表示素子では高分子配向膜を設ける
ことで液晶分子を配向させている。Generally, in a liquid crystal display element, it is necessary to align the liquid crystals in a certain direction, that is, to align them, so in the above liquid crystal display element, a polymer alignment film is provided to align the liquid crystal molecules.
このような液晶表示素子はネマチック液晶をねじれ構造
にしたライスティドネマチック（Ｔ Ｎ）モードによる
表示が主流である。ところが、このＴＮ型液晶表示素子
は応答速度が遅く、現状では２０ミリ秒が限度であると
いう欠点を有しており、高速応答性が要求されるテレビ
ジョンパネルなどに利用する際の大きな問題となってい
る。The mainstream of such liquid crystal display elements is display in a leistid nematic (TN) mode in which nematic liquid crystal has a twisted structure. However, this TN type liquid crystal display element has a slow response speed, currently limited to 20 milliseconds, which is a major problem when used in television panels etc. that require high-speed response. It has become.
これに対して、最近、高速応答性のある強誘電性液晶が
新しいデイスプレーの分野を拓くものとして期待され、
研究されている。この強誘電性液晶材料を使用した表示
素子では、液晶分子を基板面に平行なある優先方位にそ
ろえて配列させることが重要である。しかしながら、こ
の強誘電性液晶表示素子に利用されるカイラルスメクチ
ック相を有するスメクチック系の液晶は、一般に上記の
一般的なネマチック系の液晶に比べて配向安定性が悪く
、液晶分子を基板面に平行なある優先方位にそろえて配
列させることが困難である。このため、強誘電性液晶を
良好に配向させるための提案が数多くされているが、い
ずれも、この問題を充分に解決したとはいえない。In contrast, recently, ferroelectric liquid crystals with high-speed response are expected to open up a new field of displays.
being researched. In a display element using this ferroelectric liquid crystal material, it is important to align the liquid crystal molecules in a certain preferred direction parallel to the substrate surface. However, the smectic liquid crystal having a chiral smectic phase used in this ferroelectric liquid crystal display element generally has poor alignment stability compared to the general nematic liquid crystal mentioned above, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the substrate surface. It is difficult to arrange them in a certain preferred direction. For this reason, many proposals have been made to better align ferroelectric liquid crystals, but none of them can be said to have satisfactorily solved this problem.
例えば、強誘電性液晶配向方法として、強磁場の印加や
すり応力の利用によるものがあるが、これらの方法は生
産プロセス上実用的とはいえない、また、スペーサエツ
ジからの配向が提案されている（「自然Ｊ １９８３年
７月号第３６頁〜第４６頁、ｒオプトｆｆｌ ニクス（
ＯＰＴＲＯＮＩＣＳ）Ｊ １９８３年９月号第６４頁〜
第７０頁参照）が、これも−様な配向を達成できる領域
がエツジから１００μｍまでと狭く、実用化の面ではま
だ不充分である。For example, there is a method for aligning ferroelectric liquid crystals that uses file stress applied with a strong magnetic field, but these methods are not practical in terms of production processes, and alignment from spacer edges has been proposed ( "Nature J July 1983 issue, pages 36-46,
OPTRONICS) J September 1983 issue, page 64~
(see page 70), but the range in which -like orientation can be achieved is as narrow as 100 μm from the edge, which is still insufficient for practical use.
他方、従来のネマチック液晶やコレステリック液晶の配
向制御に用いられている酸化ケイ素（Ｓ ｉ Ｏ）を斜
方蒸着する方法（特公昭５４−１２０６７号）や、ポリ
イミド等の塗布後、特定の布等でラビングする方法で設
けられる配向膜では、強誘電性液晶の場合充分−様な配
向が得られない、また、ポリイミド系樹脂材料を真空中
で蒸着させ、その後加熱により重合する方法（特開昭６
１−１３８９２４号）も提案されているが、このような
、高分子膜形成材料を成膜し、それを熱処理する方法で
は熱処理の処理温度が高く液晶表示素子の他の構成部分
、例えばカラーフィルターや透明基板などに、悪影響を
及ぼす可能性がある。On the other hand, there is a method of obliquely vapor depositing silicon oxide (S i O), which is used to control the orientation of conventional nematic liquid crystals and cholesteric liquid crystals (Japanese Patent Publication No. 12067/1983), and a method of applying polyimide, etc. to a specific cloth, etc. In the case of ferroelectric liquid crystals, an alignment film provided by rubbing with a ferroelectric liquid crystal cannot obtain a sufficient degree of alignment. 6
No. 1-138924) has also been proposed, but in this method of forming a polymer film forming material and heat-treating it, the processing temperature of the heat treatment is high, and other components of the liquid crystal display element, such as color filters, It may have an adverse effect on the transparent substrate, etc.
グロー放電により形成したポリイミド膜（特開昭６１−
２１９０２９号）を配向膜として使用する方法では、低
温処理が可能となるものの、重合させようとする有機お
よび有機金属化合物を気化させなければならないために
、重合材料の選択に側限があったり、物質に依っては極
端に厳しい条件で気化させる必要があったりした。さら
に、このようにして得た配向膜を用いても、液晶によっ
ては必ずしも十分に配向せずコントラストの低下が問題
となる。Polyimide film formed by glow discharge
219029) as an alignment film enables low-temperature processing, but since the organic and organometallic compounds to be polymerized must be vaporized, there are limitations in the selection of polymerization materials. Depending on the substance, it may be necessary to vaporize it under extremely harsh conditions. Furthermore, even if the alignment film obtained in this manner is used, depending on the liquid crystal, it may not always be aligned sufficiently, resulting in a problem of a decrease in contrast.
［発明の要旨Ｊ
本発明の目的は１強誘電性液晶が良好に配向しうる高分
子配向膜を有する液晶表示素子を提供することにある。[Summary of the Invention J An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having a polymer alignment film in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal can be well aligned.
上記の目的は、本発明の、透明電極上に高分子配向膜を
設けた二枚の透明電極基板が高分子配向膜を内側にして
配置され、その間に液晶が封入されてなる液晶表示素子
であって；前記高分子配向膜の少なくとも一方が、プラ
ズマ処理された膜であることを特徴とする液晶表示素子
によって達成できる。The above object is to provide a liquid crystal display element of the present invention in which two transparent electrode substrates each having a polymer alignment film provided on a transparent electrode are arranged with the polymer alignment film inside, and a liquid crystal is sealed between them. This can be achieved by a liquid crystal display device characterized in that at least one of the polymer alignment films is a plasma-treated film.
すなわち、本発明は、配向膜形成材料を塗布し、加熱処
理などを行ない成膜するという従来の工程の後に、この
膜に、さらにプラズマ処理を施すという工程を加えて形
成した配向膜を有する液晶表示素子を提供するものであ
る。That is, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display having an alignment film formed by applying a material for forming an alignment film and forming a film by applying heat treatment, etc., and then subjecting this film to a further process of plasma treatment. The present invention provides a display element.
本発明の発明者は、配向膜形成材料を塗布、成膜した後
に、この膜に、さらにプラズマ処理を施して得た配向膜
が１強誘電性液晶を良好に配向させうることを見出し１
本発明に到達したものである。The inventors of the present invention discovered that an alignment film obtained by coating and forming an alignment film-forming material and then further subjecting this film to plasma treatment can successfully align ferroelectric liquid crystals.
This has led to the present invention.
本発明の液晶表示素子の配向膜は、強誘電性液晶に対す
る配向制御能力が優れているばかりでなく、グロー放電
処理により各種樹脂の表面処理が可能なため、樹脂材料
の選択の幅を広くすることができる。The alignment film of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention not only has excellent ability to control the alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystals, but also allows surface treatment of various resins by glow discharge treatment, which widens the range of resin material selections. be able to.
以下に本発明の好ましい態様を列記する。Preferred embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
（１）前記プラズマが、空気、アルゴン、二酸化炭素、
−酸化炭素および窒素からなる群より選ばれる少なくと
も一つのガスのプラズマであることを特徴とする液晶表
示素子。(1) The plasma may be air, argon, carbon dioxide,
- A liquid crystal display element characterized by being a plasma of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of carbon oxide and nitrogen.
（２）前記プラズマが窒素ガスのプラズマであることを
特徴とする液晶表示素子。(2) A liquid crystal display element, wherein the plasma is nitrogen gas plasma.
（３）前記配向膜がポリイミド系樹脂であることを特徴
とする液晶表示素子。(3) A liquid crystal display element, wherein the alignment film is made of polyimide resin.
［発明の構成］
添付図面を参照しながら本発明の液晶表示素子の構成に
ついて説明する。[Configuration of the Invention] The configuration of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は、本発明の液晶表示素子の一例を示す断面図で
ある。透明基板１ａ、ｌｂ上に、透明電極２ａ、２ｂ、
配向Ｍ３ａ、３ｂがそれぞれ、この順に重層されて、透
明電極基板５．６を構成している。透明電極基板５．６
はそれぞれ配向膜３ａ、３ｂを向い合せるように配置さ
れ、その間に液晶４を封入している０本発明の液晶表示
素子は、この配向膜３ａ、３ｂの少なくとも一方が、プ
ラズマ処理された高分子重合体膜であることを特徴とす
る。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention. Transparent electrodes 2a, 2b, on transparent substrates 1a, lb,
The orientations M3a and 3b are stacked in this order to constitute a transparent electrode substrate 5.6. Transparent electrode substrate 5.6
In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the alignment films 3a and 3b are arranged so as to face each other, and the liquid crystal 4 is sealed between them.At least one of the alignment films 3a and 3b is made of a plasma-treated polymer. It is characterized by being a polymer membrane.
本発明の液晶表示素子は第１図に示したものだけでなく
、電気絶縁層を設けたり、スペーサーを使用したり、偏
光板を設けたりといった通常の液晶表示素子について行
なわれる態様が、すべて可能である。特に、再配向膜間
の間隙（すなわち液晶層の層厚）を確保するためにスペ
ーサーが使用されることは好ましい、スペーサーとして
は、ガラスファイバー、ガラス・ビーズ、プラスチック
・ビーズ、アルミナやシリカなどの金属酸化物粒子が用
いられる。スペーサーの粒径は、用いられる液晶、配向
膜材料、セルギャップの設定、用いる金属酸化物などに
よって異なるが、１．２１Ｌｍから６μｍが一般的であ
る。The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not limited to the one shown in FIG. 1, but can be made in any manner that is used for ordinary liquid crystal display elements, such as providing an electrical insulating layer, using a spacer, or providing a polarizing plate. It is. In particular, it is preferable to use a spacer to ensure the gap between the reorientation films (i.e., the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer).The spacer may be made of glass fiber, glass beads, plastic beads, alumina, silica, etc. Metal oxide particles are used. The particle size of the spacer varies depending on the liquid crystal used, alignment film material, cell gap setting, metal oxide used, etc., but is generally 1.21 Lm to 6 μm.
本発明の液晶表示素子に用いられる透明基板、透明電極
、液晶は、すべて従来から液晶表示素子に用いられてい
る公知のものが利用できる。The transparent substrate, the transparent electrode, and the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can all be the known ones that have been conventionally used in liquid crystal display elements.
例えば、透明基板としては、平滑性の良好なフロートガ
ラスなどガラスの他、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポ
リブチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル、エポキシ
樹脂、フェノーノ樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリカーボネート
、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテル
イミド、アセチルセルロース、ポリアミノ酸エステル、
芳香族ポリアミド等の耐熱樹脂、ポリスチレン、ポリア
クリル酸エステル、ポリメタクリル酸エステル、ポリア
クリルアミド、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のビニ
ル系ポリマー、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等の含フツ素樹脂
及びそれらの変性体等から形成されたプラスチックフィ
ルムを挙げることができる。For example, as a transparent substrate, in addition to glass such as float glass with good smoothness, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyimide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, acetyl cellulose, polyamino acid ester,
It is formed from heat-resistant resins such as aromatic polyamides, vinyl polymers such as polystyrene, polyacrylic esters, polymethacrylic esters, polyacrylamide, polyethylene, and polypropylene, fluorine-containing resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and modified products thereof. Examples include plastic films.
透明電極としては、酸化インジウム（Ｉ ｎ２０３）、
酸化スズ（ＳｎＯｚ）およびＩＴＯ（インジウム・スズ
・オキサイド）等を挙げることができる。As the transparent electrode, indium oxide (In203),
Examples include tin oxide (SnOz) and ITO (indium tin oxide).
本発明の液晶表示素子は、ＴＮ液晶やＳＴＮ液晶を使用
するものでも、もちろん良好な液晶の配向を得るために
有効であるが１本発明の効果が最も有効に発揮されるの
は、強誘電性液晶を用いた液晶表示素子である０強誘電
性液晶は、従来より知られているものが利用できる。The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is of course effective for obtaining good liquid crystal alignment even when using TN liquid crystal or STN liquid crystal, but the effect of the present invention is most effectively exhibited because of the ferroelectric As the zero ferroelectric liquid crystal, which is a liquid crystal display element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, any conventionally known type can be used.
以下全白
強誘電性を有する液晶は、具体的にはカイラルスメクテ
ィクＣ相（ＳｍＣ”）、Ｈ相（ＳｍＨ・）、Ｉ相（Ｓｍ
Ｉ”）、Ｊ相゛（ＳｍＪ’）、Ｋ相（ＳｍＨ中）、Ｇ相
（ＳｍＧ＊）またはＦ相（Ｓ ｍ Ｆ−）を有する液晶
である。Hereinafter, liquid crystals having all-white ferroelectricity are specifically referred to as chiral smectic C phase (SmC"), H phase (SmH・), I phase (Sm
It is a liquid crystal having a phase I''), a phase J (SmJ'), a phase K (in SmH), a phase G (SmG*), or an F phase (SmF-).
例えば、以下のような分子が強誘電性液晶として利用さ
れる。For example, the following molecules are used as ferroelectric liquid crystals.
あるいは、
０文
ＯＮ
ＣＨ３
Ｃ見Ｒ
ＣＩ ＣＨ３
ＣＨ３
０Ｍ
ＣＨ３
具体的な液晶組成物としては、チッソ■製のＣ５−１０
１１，Ｃ５−１０１３、Ｃ５−１０１５、メルク社製の
ＺＬＩ−３４８８、ＺＬＩ−３４８９、帝国化学産業■
製のＨ３−９８Ｐ、ｌ５−７８Ｆ （いずれも商品名）
などを挙げることができるが、これに限定されるもので
はない、これらの液晶の中には液晶に溶解する工性染料
、減粘剤等を添加しても何ら支障はない。Or, 0 sentence ON CH3 C look R CI CH3 CH3 0M CH3 A specific liquid crystal composition is C5-10 manufactured by Chisso ■.
11, C5-1013, C5-1015, ZLI-3488, ZLI-3489 manufactured by Merck, Teikoku Kagaku Sangyo ■
H3-98P, 15-78F (all product names)
These liquid crystals may include, but are not limited to, artificial dyes, thinners, etc. that dissolve in the liquid crystal without any problem.
次に、本発明の液晶表示素子の特徴である配向膜につい
て述べる。Next, the alignment film, which is a feature of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, will be described.
本発明の液晶表示素子は二枚の配向膜の少なくとも一方
が、プラズマ処理された高分子重合体膜であることを特
徴とする。この配向膜は透明電極上に直接設けてもよく
、あるいは、透明電極上に電気絶縁層など他の機能を有
する膜を設け、その上に設けてもよい。The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the two alignment films is a plasma-treated polymer film. This alignment film may be provided directly on the transparent electrode, or may be provided on the transparent electrode with a film having other functions such as an electrically insulating layer.
上記のプラズマ処理の際、用いられるガスは、通常プラ
ズマ処理に利用されるガスであれば特に限定されないが
、空気、アルゴン、−酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、窒素およ
びこれらの混合気体などが一般に用いられる。これらの
うち、窒素ガスは、プラズマ処理によって配向制御能力
の優れた配向膜を得ることができるうえ、安価で、しか
も取扱いが容易であるので最も好ましい。The gas used during the above plasma treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas normally used for plasma treatment, but air, argon, carbon oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof are generally used. . Among these, nitrogen gas is the most preferred because an alignment film with excellent alignment control ability can be obtained by plasma treatment, it is inexpensive, and it is easy to handle.
また、配向膜の材料は、通常、配向膜材料として用いら
れるものであれば特に限定されない、このような樹脂の
例としては、ポリイミド系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、ポ
リ酢酸ビニル系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、セ
ルロース系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ウ
レタン系樹脂などを挙げることができる。これらのうち
、ポリイミド系樹脂は、配向制御源力の優れた配向膜を
得ることができるので好ましい。The material for the alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it is normally used as an alignment film material. Examples of such resins include polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and polyvinyl alcohol resin. Examples include resins, cellulose resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, and urethane resins. Among these, polyimide resins are preferred because they can provide an alignment film with excellent alignment control power.
配向膜の膜厚は用いる液晶によって異なるが、２０ ｏ
Ｘ〜２０００Ａが好ましい。The thickness of the alignment film varies depending on the liquid crystal used, but is approximately 20°
X to 2000A is preferred.
次に、本発明の液晶表示素子を製造する方法について述
べる。Next, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described.
本発明の液晶表示素子を製造するに当っては、二枚の配
向膜の少なくとも一方を、配向膜形成材料を塗布し、加
熱処理などを行ない成膜するという従来の工程の後に、
この膜に、さらにプラズマ処理を施すという工程を加え
て形成する。In manufacturing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, after the conventional process of coating at least one of the two alignment films with an alignment film forming material and forming the film by performing heat treatment, etc.
This film is formed by further adding a step of subjecting it to plasma treatment.
本発明の液晶表示素子を製造する例を順を追って以下に
述べる。An example of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described below in order.
透明基板上に常法によって設けられた透明電極上に、上
記した樹脂を一種以上含む配向膜形成材料塗布液を塗布
する。塗布は透明電極上に直接性なってもよいし、また
、透明電極上に絶縁層を設け、その上に塗布してもよい
。塗布膜が設けられた透明電極基板は、加熱処理された
後、ペルジャーなどの真空チャンバー内に装填される０
本発明の配向膜を形成するのに用いるプラズマ処理法自
体は、通常のプラズマ処理法と変るところはない、プラ
ズマ処理における。ガスの流量、減圧度、放電電力、放
電周波数などの各条件は、材料分子、膜の広さ、膜厚、
反応器（チャンバー）の形状、などにより適宜選択され
る。A coating liquid for an alignment film forming material containing one or more of the above resins is applied onto a transparent electrode provided on a transparent substrate by a conventional method. The coating may be applied directly onto the transparent electrode, or an insulating layer may be provided on the transparent electrode and the coating may be applied thereon. The transparent electrode substrate provided with the coating film is heated and then loaded into a vacuum chamber such as a Pelger.
The plasma processing method itself used to form the alignment film of the present invention is the same as a normal plasma processing method. Conditions such as gas flow rate, degree of pressure reduction, discharge power, and discharge frequency are determined by material molecules, membrane width, membrane thickness,
It is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the reactor (chamber), etc.
このようにして設けられた配向膜は、必要に応じて、ナ
イロン、ポリエステル、ポリアクリロニトリルのような
合成繊維、綿、羊毛のような天然繊維などでラビング処
理されてもよい。The alignment film thus provided may be subjected to a rubbing treatment with synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, and polyacrylonitrile, natural fibers such as cotton, and wool, if necessary.
上記のようにして製造した、透明基板、透明電極および
配向膜からなる透明電極基板を少なくとも一方に持つ一
対の透明電極基板を、配向膜が内側になるようにして液
晶をはさんで相対させる。A pair of transparent electrode substrates having at least one of them a transparent electrode substrate made of a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode, and an alignment film, manufactured as described above, are placed facing each other with the liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, with the alignment film facing inside.
もちろん、本発明の液晶表示素子は、使用目的に応じて
偏光板、電気絶縁層、カラーフィルターなど、従来の液
晶表示素子に設けられる構成を設けることができる。Of course, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be provided with structures provided in conventional liquid crystal display elements, such as a polarizing plate, an electrical insulating layer, and a color filter, depending on the purpose of use.
次に本発明の実施例および比較例を記載する。Next, Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be described.
ただし、本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない
。However, the present invention is not limited to this example.
［実施例１］
５ｃｍ四方のガラス基板（厚さ１．１ｍｍ）上にインジ
ウム・スズ酸化物の透明電極を設け、この上に、ポリイ
ミド系配向剤（日立化成■製ＬＸ−５４００）を塗布し
、３２０℃で１時間熱処理をして膜厚０．ＩＩＬｍの膜
を形成した。この透明電極基板をプラズマ放電電力板（
電極板間隙４ｃｍ）にセットした０次に、反応器内を０
．０ＩＴｏｒｒまで減圧し、窒素ガスを流して０．１５
Ｔｏｒｒにした。１３．５６ＭＨｚｃ７）高周波電源を
用い、５０Ｗの放電電力で１分間放電した。[Example 1] A transparent electrode of indium tin oxide was provided on a 5 cm square glass substrate (thickness 1.1 mm), and a polyimide alignment agent (LX-5400 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied thereon. , heat treated at 320°C for 1 hour to reduce the film thickness to 0. A film of IILm was formed. This transparent electrode substrate is used as a plasma discharge power plate (
Next, the inside of the reactor was set at zero
．． Reduce the pressure to 0ITorr and flow nitrogen gas to 0.15
I set it to Torr. Using a 13.56 MHzc7) high frequency power source, discharge was performed for 1 minute at a discharge power of 50 W.
この透明電極基板を反応器から出し、得られたポリイミ
ド膜をポリエステル布で３回ラビング処理して配向膜と
した。同様の工程を繰り返して、もう−枚、上記と同様
の透明電極基板を得た。この二枚の透明電極基板をラビ
ング方向が平行になるようにして、スペーサーを介して
貼り合わせ、セル間隙２ｐｍの液晶セルを作成した。こ
のセルに強誘電性液晶ＺＬＩ−３７７５（メルク社製）
を注入し、いったん１００℃まで加熱し１次に４０℃に
なるまで徐冷して、液晶表示素子を得た。This transparent electrode substrate was taken out of the reactor, and the obtained polyimide film was rubbed three times with a polyester cloth to form an alignment film. The same process was repeated to obtain another transparent electrode substrate similar to the above. These two transparent electrode substrates were bonded together with a spacer interposed so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, to create a liquid crystal cell with a cell gap of 2 pm. Ferroelectric liquid crystal ZLI-3775 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.) is used in this cell.
was injected, heated once to 100°C, and then slowly cooled to 40°C to obtain a liquid crystal display element.
［比較例１］
実施例１で、プラズマ処理を行わなかった以外は、まっ
たく同様の方法で液晶表示素子を製造した。[Comparative Example 1] A liquid crystal display element was manufactured in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that the plasma treatment was not performed.
［液晶表示素子の評価］
実施例１の液晶表示素子と、比較例１の液晶表示素子を
直交ニコル下で観察し配向の線状欠陥の数を測定した。[Evaluation of Liquid Crystal Display Elements] The liquid crystal display element of Example 1 and the liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 were observed under crossed Nicols, and the number of linear alignment defects was measured.
結果を第１表に示す。The results are shown in Table 1.
以下余白
第１表
線状欠陥の数（個）
実施例１
比較例１
また、メモリ特性も、実施例１の液晶表示素子は比較例
１の液晶表示素子よりも優れたものであった。Table 1 (margin) below Number of linear defects Example 1 Comparative Example 1 The liquid crystal display element of Example 1 was also superior to the liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 in terms of memory characteristics.
上記の結果から明らかなように、本発明の液晶表示素子
は、強誘電性液晶が良好に配向しうる高分子配向膜を有
する液晶表示素子である。As is clear from the above results, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element having a polymer alignment film in which ferroelectric liquid crystal can be well aligned.
第１図は、本発明の液晶表示素子の構成例を模式的に示
す断面図である。
ｌａ、ｌｂ：透明基板
２ ａ、
３ ａ、
：透明電極
コ配向膜
５、
１強誘電性液晶
：透明電極基板FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention. la, lb: transparent substrate 2 a, 3 a,: transparent electrode co-alignment film 5, 1 ferroelectric liquid crystal: transparent electrode substrate
Claims (1)
基板が高分子配向膜を内側にして配置され、その間に液
晶が封入されてなる液晶表示素子であって；前記高分子
配向膜の少なくとも一方が、プラズマ処理された膜であ
ることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。1. A liquid crystal display element in which two transparent electrode substrates each having a polymer alignment film provided on a transparent electrode are arranged with the polymer alignment film inside, and a liquid crystal is sealed between them; A liquid crystal display element, wherein at least one of the films is a plasma-treated film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19185688A JPH0240628A (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19185688A JPH0240628A (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Liquid crystal display element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0240628A true JPH0240628A (en) | 1990-02-09 |
Family
ID=16281647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19185688A Pending JPH0240628A (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0240628A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2237890A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-15 | Gen Electric | Method of making liquid crystal devices with improved time constant |
-
1988
- 1988-07-29 JP JP19185688A patent/JPH0240628A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2237890A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-15 | Gen Electric | Method of making liquid crystal devices with improved time constant |
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