JPH0228396Y2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0228396Y2
JPH0228396Y2 JP1986170444U JP17044486U JPH0228396Y2 JP H0228396 Y2 JPH0228396 Y2 JP H0228396Y2 JP 1986170444 U JP1986170444 U JP 1986170444U JP 17044486 U JP17044486 U JP 17044486U JP H0228396 Y2 JPH0228396 Y2 JP H0228396Y2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
diameter
nozzle
furnace
water
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP1986170444U
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6375799U (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP1986170444U priority Critical patent/JPH0228396Y2/ja
Publication of JPS6375799U publication Critical patent/JPS6375799U/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JPH0228396Y2 publication Critical patent/JPH0228396Y2/ja
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本考案は無機繊維製造用の溶融炉から溶融物を
製綿機へ排出する出湯口を外部より閉止および開
孔するために使用する治具に関するものである。
[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention is a jig used for externally closing and opening a tap hole for discharging molten material from a melting furnace for producing inorganic fibers to a cotton milling machine. It is related to.

〔従来の技術〕 溶融物容器より溶融物を取り出す出湯口を閉止
および開孔する機能を有するものとしては、製鋼
用の取鍋のストツパーがある。これは転炉等の炉
より出鋼した溶鋼の受器であつて、底部に内方に
拡がつた出湯口を設け、内部に上下し得るストツ
パーを設け、その下端部を截頭円錐状又は球面に
して出湯口の内部でコーン状に開いたノズル部に
押しつけ、又は引きはなして、溶鋼を鋳型等に注
入するものである。ストツパーのある種のもの
は、下端部にガイド用の細径突起部を設けたもの
もある。これはストツパーが内部の鉄棒の軸を円
筒状の耐火物で保護したものであるので、溶鋼の
熱によつて鉄棒に曲がりを生じた時にも、下端部
の円錐面又は球面がコーン状のノズル部に正しく
押しつけられるように導くガイドの作用をするも
のである。この製鋼用の取鍋は、出鋼した溶鋼を
鋳型に注入する迄の短時間の高熱に耐えればよ
く、外部に設けると鋳型への注入流が乱れる事も
あつて、内部にストツパーを設けている。また、
溶鋼であるので通常の耐火物による被覆で耐えら
れる。
[Prior Art] A stopper for a ladle for steel making has the function of closing and opening a spout for taking out a melt from a melt container. This is a receptacle for molten steel tapped from a furnace such as a converter, and has a tap opening that expands inward at the bottom, a stopper that can move up and down inside, and its lower end shaped like a truncated cone or The molten steel is injected into a mold or the like by pressing against or pulling away from a nozzle that has a spherical surface and is open in a cone shape inside the tap. Some types of stoppers are provided with a small-diameter protrusion for guiding at the lower end. This is because the stopper protects the shaft of the iron rod inside with a cylindrical refractory material, so even when the iron rod bends due to the heat of molten steel, the conical or spherical surface at the lower end of the nozzle It acts as a guide to ensure that it is pressed correctly against the part. This ladle for steelmaking only needs to withstand high heat for a short period of time until the tapped molten steel is injected into the mold.If it is installed externally, the injection flow into the mold may be disturbed, so a stopper is installed inside. There is. Also,
Since it is molten steel, it can be covered with ordinary refractories.

無機繊維製造用の溶融炉からロツクウール等の
繊維を製造するために出湯させる場合、タンデイ
ツシユのような中間受器を介して製綿機へ溶融物
を供給する場合もあるが、通常は溶融炉より直接
製綿機へ出湯する。
When tapping hot water from a melting furnace for producing inorganic fibers to produce fibers such as rock wool, the molten material may be supplied to the cotton machine via an intermediate receiver such as a tundish, but usually from the melting furnace. The hot water is discharged directly to the cotton machine.

中間受器を介する場合、溶融物は空気にふれる
ことになる。繊維用の溶融物は溶融スラグのよう
に通常の耐火物に対して強い浸食性を有する。そ
こで溶融スラグに対して耐食性を有する黒鉛のよ
うな炭素質耐火物を使用することになるが、この
炭素質耐火物は空気にさらされると酸化損耗する
欠点を有するためである。
When passing through an intermediate receiver, the melt is exposed to air. The molten material for fibers, like molten slag, is highly corrosive to ordinary refractories. Therefore, a carbonaceous refractory such as graphite, which has corrosion resistance against molten slag, is used, but this carbonaceous refractory has the disadvantage of being subject to oxidation loss when exposed to air.

溶融炉から直接製綿機へ出湯する場合は、連続
的な出湯となるため、炉内にストツパーを設ける
ことは不可能である。常時1500℃程度の温度にさ
らされてはストツパーがもたないからである。製
綿機への出湯は、流れが乱れず、上から下まで断
面が変らない様な流下が求められている。このよ
うな要求に対し、出湯口にスライデイングノズル
の如き仕切弁を設けることは流れを乱して好まし
くない。
When tapping the melt directly from the melting furnace to the cotton mill, it is impossible to provide a stopper in the furnace because the tap is continuous. This is because the stopper will not last if it is constantly exposed to temperatures of about 1500°C. The flow of hot water to the cotton mill is required to flow undisturbed and to ensure that the cross section remains unchanged from top to bottom. In response to such demands, it is not preferable to provide a gate valve such as a sliding nozzle at the tap outlet because it disturbs the flow.

従つて、通常は外方に開いたコーン状の開口を
形成し内部を間接水冷したノズルを使用する。流
量を大きく変化させたい時は、実開昭59−158998
号公報に記載したようなリング部材を嵌め入れ、
これを取替えて行い、バルブ状の装置による流量
調整は行つていない。まして閉止、開孔は行つて
いない。
Therefore, a nozzle is usually used which has a cone-shaped opening that opens outward and whose interior is indirectly water-cooled. When you want to greatly change the flow rate, use the Utility Model 59-158998
Insert a ring member as described in the publication,
This is done by replacing this, and the flow rate is not adjusted by a valve-like device. Moreover, no closing or opening was performed.

しかし、製綿機以降の製綿工程で作業を停止さ
せたい時、又は前記リング部材を取替えて流量を
大巾に変更したい時、あるいは高炉の不調等で原
料の溶融スラグが溶融炉にタイミングよく装入出
来ない時など溶融炉からの出湯を一時的に停止す
る必要のある時、従来は外部より外方に開いたコ
ーン状の開口を有する水冷ノズルの最小口径より
も太い鉄の棒を押しつけて、流出を閉止させてい
た。
However, when you want to stop the work in the cotton-making process after the cotton-making machine, or when you want to change the flow rate to a wide range by replacing the ring member, or when the blast furnace malfunctions, the molten slag from the raw material flows into the melting furnace in a timely manner. When it is necessary to temporarily stop the flow of metal from the melting furnace, such as when charging is not possible, conventionally an iron rod that is thicker than the minimum diameter of the water-cooled nozzle, which has a cone-shaped opening that opens outward from the outside, is pressed against it. The leak was blocked.

〔考案が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

しかしながら、上述のように水冷ノズルに外部
より鉄の棒を押しつけて流出を閉止した場合、ノ
ズルの水冷効果および炉壁からの一般的冷却効果
により、鉄の棒の先端近傍よりスラグは凝固を始
め、閉止が長時間になるとこの部分が硬く凝結
し、鉄の棒を取り除いても溶融物がもはや流出で
きなくなる。即ちドリルビツトなどを用いて凝固
層を突き破る必要を生じてくる。この作業は突き
破ると同時に高温の溶融スラグが噴出するので極
めて危険な作業である。
However, when an iron rod is pressed against the water-cooled nozzle from the outside to close the outflow as described above, the slag begins to solidify near the tip of the iron rod due to the water-cooling effect of the nozzle and the general cooling effect from the furnace wall. , If the closure is prolonged, this part will become hard and congealed, and the melt will no longer be able to flow out even if the iron rod is removed. That is, it becomes necessary to use a drill bit or the like to break through the solidified layer. This work is extremely dangerous as it causes hot molten slag to spew out as soon as it breaks through.

そこで本考案は、製綿作業の休止、再開毎のこ
のような煩雑な開孔作業を排除する事を目的とす
る。
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate such complicated hole drilling work every time the cotton manufacturing operation is stopped and restarted.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本考案者等は前記のような問題を解決するため
に種々の試行を行い、従来使用して来た金属棒の
先端に細径突起を設ければこの問題を最も容易に
解決し得ることを見出し本考案を完成した。
The inventors of the present invention conducted various trials to solve the above-mentioned problem, and found that this problem could be solved most easily by providing a small-diameter protrusion at the tip of the conventionally used metal rod. The heading book idea was completed.

本考案は加熱及び成分調整された溶融スラグを
排出する流路として、炉芯側から炉外側に向けて
その流路面積が縮小するように内張煉瓦で形成
し、これに連通して外方に開いたコーン状の開口
を形成した水冷ノズルを側壁に有してなる溶融炉
の、該水冷ノズルからの溶融物の流出を外部より
閉止および開孔するために使用する治具であつ
て、該水冷ノズルの最小内径より太い直径を有
し、ノズル口に押し付けることにより溶融スラグ
の流出を閉止し得る先端形状を有する金属棒の先
端部に、該金属棒の直径より細く、上記溶融スラ
グ排出流路の最小口径部に挿入し得る直径を有
し、閉止時に形成される凝固層の厚さに相当する
長さ又はそれより若干短い長さを有する細径突起
部を設けてなる溶融炉の出湯口治具である。
In this invention, the flow path for discharging heated and component-adjusted molten slag is formed with lining bricks so that the flow path area decreases from the furnace core side toward the outside of the furnace, and is connected to the outside. A jig used for externally closing and opening the outflow of melt from a water-cooled nozzle of a melting furnace having a water-cooled nozzle formed on a side wall with a cone-shaped opening, A metal rod having a diameter larger than the minimum inner diameter of the water-cooled nozzle and having a tip shape capable of closing the outflow of molten slag by pressing against the nozzle opening is attached to the tip of the metal rod, which is thinner than the diameter of the metal rod and has a diameter larger than the minimum inner diameter of the water-cooled nozzle. A melting furnace comprising a small-diameter protrusion having a diameter that can be inserted into the smallest diameter part of a flow channel and a length corresponding to the thickness of the solidified layer formed at the time of closure or a length slightly shorter than that. It is a tap tap jig.

金属棒としては、安価で最も手近なものとして
は鋼棒であるが、その他、2重鋼管して先端部を
閉じた鋼管の内部に冷却用空気又は水を流通させ
たもの、又はその先端部を銅製としたもの等を使
用し得る。ノズル口に押し付けることにより溶融
スラグの流出を閉止し得る先端形状とは、ノズル
のコーン形状に合致する截頭円錐形又は球形の如
き先端形状をいう。ノズル口の口径を、これにリ
ング状部材を嵌め込んで変える場合には、このリ
ング状部材に金属棒の先端部をおし付けて流出を
閉止することになる。この場合のノズル口は鋼リ
ングの内面である。この金属棒の先端部に設ける
細径突起部は、その中心軸が実質的に金属棒の中
心軸と一致するように設ける事が好ましい。流路
の最小口径部に挿入し得る直径とは、通常はコー
ン状水冷銅製ノズルの最小口径部の直径より小さ
く、金属棒自身とは異なり、この最小口径部を貫
通して炉内に挿入し得る直径であつて金属棒の直
径の1/2〜1/5の範囲である。
Steel rods are the cheapest and most readily available metal rods, but other metal rods include double-layered steel pipes with the tip closed and cooling air or water flowing inside them, or the tip of the steel tube. It is possible to use one made of copper. The tip shape capable of closing the outflow of molten slag by pressing against the nozzle opening refers to a tip shape such as a truncated conical shape or a spherical shape that matches the cone shape of the nozzle. When changing the diameter of the nozzle opening by fitting a ring-shaped member into the nozzle opening, the tip of a metal rod is pressed against the ring-shaped member to close the outflow. The nozzle opening in this case is the inner surface of the steel ring. It is preferable that the small diameter protrusion provided at the tip of the metal rod is provided so that its central axis substantially coincides with the central axis of the metal rod. The diameter that can be inserted into the smallest diameter part of the flow path is usually smaller than the diameter of the smallest diameter part of the conical water-cooled copper nozzle, and unlike the metal rod itself, it cannot be inserted into the furnace by passing through this smallest diameter part. The diameter to be obtained is in the range of 1/2 to 1/5 of the diameter of the metal rod.

細径突起部の長さは、水冷ノズルの炉壁内の位
置によつて異なつてくる。従来例の様に水冷ノズ
ルの炉内側が炉内壁と同一面となつている様な場
合には、閉止時に出来る凝固層は冷却が速接的で
あるので、かなり厚くなる。これに対し、溶融ス
ラグを排出する流路を炉芯側から炉外側に向けて
その流路面積が縮小するように内張り煉瓦で形成
し、この流路に連通して水冷式のノズルを炉壁煉
瓦の巾方向中央部に設けたような場合(添付図面
参照)には、ノズルの流入口の端面は炉内の溶融
スラグには直接には触れていない。また、炉体内
側の流路は比較的大きな内容量をもつので、この
流路内に滞留している溶融スラグはノズル閉止時
にも溶融状態を保ち得る。従つて、ノズルの水冷
程度により異なるが、閉止時には添付図面で示す
最小口径部7から縮少流路8の最小口径部7側端
部のみが凝固する。このような場合には細径突起
部はこの縮小流路8の端部迄の長さがあればよ
い。通常この細径突起部は、閉止した排出口を開
孔する時には形成される凝固層の厚さだけの長さ
があればよいが、この金属棒を引き抜いた時には
炉内の溶融スラグの静圧により容易に破れる程
度、又は引抜いた後に外部より細径の鉄棒等で突
いて破れる程度であれば、凝固層が治具先端に残
つていてもよい。凝固層の厚さに相当する長さ又
はそれより若干短い長さとは、このことを意味す
る。
The length of the small-diameter protrusion varies depending on the position of the water-cooled nozzle within the furnace wall. If the inside of the water-cooled nozzle is flush with the inner wall of the furnace, as in the conventional example, the solidified layer formed when the nozzle is closed becomes quite thick because the cooling is rapid. In contrast, a channel for discharging molten slag is formed with lining bricks so that the channel area decreases from the furnace core side to the outside of the furnace, and a water-cooled nozzle is connected to the furnace wall by communicating with this channel. In the case where the nozzle is installed at the center in the width direction of the brick (see the attached drawing), the end face of the inlet of the nozzle does not directly touch the molten slag in the furnace. Further, since the flow path inside the furnace body has a relatively large internal capacity, the molten slag remaining in this flow path can remain in a molten state even when the nozzle is closed. Therefore, although it differs depending on the degree of water cooling of the nozzle, when the nozzle is closed, only the end portion on the side of the minimum diameter portion 7 of the reduced flow path 8 from the minimum diameter portion 7 shown in the attached drawings is solidified. In such a case, it is sufficient that the small diameter protrusion has a length up to the end of the reduced flow path 8. Normally, this small-diameter protrusion only needs to have a length equal to the thickness of the solidified layer that is formed when opening a closed discharge port, but when this metal rod is pulled out, the static pressure of the molten slag in the furnace The solidified layer may remain at the tip of the jig as long as it can be easily torn by the jig, or if it can be torn by poking it from the outside with a small-diameter iron rod or the like after being pulled out. This is what is meant by a length corresponding to the thickness of the coagulated layer or a length slightly shorter than that.

従来の先端部に細径突起部がない金属棒で排出
口を閉止すれば、厚さの厚い凝固層を生じて、開
孔時に金属棒を取り除いても、この凝固層をドリ
ルビツト等で孔をあけないと開孔できなかつた
が、本考案の治具を使用すれば、治具を取り除い
た時に溶融スラグが細径突起部の細い孔を通つて
流出し始まることにより、周囲の凝固物を融解し
て所期の流出口径まで拡がり、ドリル等特別な開
孔機を使用することなく容易に開孔する事が可能
となる。
If the discharge port is closed with a conventional metal rod that does not have a small diameter protrusion at the tip, a thick solidified layer will be created, and even if the metal rod is removed when opening the hole, this solidified layer cannot be used to drill the hole with a drill bit. However, if the jig of the present invention is used, when the jig is removed, the molten slag will begin to flow out through the narrow holes in the small diameter protrusion, thereby removing the surrounding solidified material. It melts and expands to the desired outlet diameter, making it possible to easily drill holes without using a special drilling machine such as a drill.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

添付図面は溶融炉の排出口に縮小流路を設けて
水冷ノズルを炉壁巾の中央部に引き込ませ、該水
冷ノズルに外部より本考案の治具を押し当てて流
れを閉止した場合を示したものであり、治具に設
けた細径突起部の先端を縮小流路の頂部まで挿入
した実施例である。
The attached drawing shows a case where a reducing flow path is provided at the outlet of the melting furnace, a water cooling nozzle is drawn into the center of the furnace wall width, and the flow is closed by pressing the jig of the present invention against the water cooling nozzle from the outside. This is an example in which the tip of a small-diameter protrusion provided on a jig is inserted up to the top of the reduced channel.

図中、符号1は本考案の出湯口用治具であつ
て、例えば鋼棒で形成される。直径は水冷ノズル
3の最小口径より大きく、先端形状を球面に仕上
げていあるので、水冷ノズル3の最小口径部近傍
に押しあてる事により流出を閉止できる。この先
端部中央には鋼棒と中心軸を同じにした細径突起
部2が設けてあり、この細径突起部2の先端を最
小口径部7を貫いて縮小流路8の頂部まで挿入で
きるような長さにしている。
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a tap jig of the present invention, which is made of, for example, a steel rod. Since the diameter is larger than the minimum diameter of the water-cooled nozzle 3 and the tip is finished in a spherical shape, the outflow can be blocked by pressing it against the vicinity of the minimum diameter of the water-cooled nozzle 3. A small-diameter protrusion 2 having the same central axis as the steel rod is provided at the center of this tip, and the tip of this small-diameter protrusion 2 can be inserted through the smallest diameter part 7 to the top of the reduced channel 8. It's about the same length.

4は炉壁の炭素質耐火物、5は充填物であつて
セラミツクウール等が使用される。6は出湯口金
具である。開孔時には鋼棒1を炉の外方に引き抜
くと、細径突起部2のあとには細い孔を生ずるの
で、この孔を通じて炉内の溶融スラグが、炉内の
静圧により、又は炉外からこの細い孔を別の細い
鋼棒で突くことにより、流出し始めこの流れが最
小口径部7の周囲の凝固物を溶融し、所定口径の
流出を可能にする。
4 is a carbonaceous refractory material for the furnace wall, and 5 is a filling material such as ceramic wool. 6 is a tap metal fitting. When the steel rod 1 is pulled out to the outside of the furnace when the hole is opened, a thin hole is created after the small diameter protrusion 2.Through this hole, the molten slag inside the furnace is absorbed by the static pressure inside the furnace or outside the furnace. By poking this thin hole with another thin steel rod, the flow starts to flow, and this flow melts the solidified material around the smallest diameter portion 7, making it possible to flow out of a predetermined diameter.

〔考案の効果〕[Effect of idea]

以上説明したように、本考案に係る溶融炉の出
湯口用治具によれば、溶融炉の出湯口を容易に閉
止できるばかりでなく、開孔時には治具を引き抜
くだけで容易に且つ迅速に所定の流出量での流出
を可能にする。また、充分に長い金属棒を使用す
ることで閉止および開孔に伴う高温溶融物の飛散
による危険も回避することができ、無機繊維製造
用の溶融炉を操業させる上で実用的に有用な考案
である。
As explained above, according to the melting furnace tapping jig according to the present invention, the melting furnace tap can not only be easily closed, but also easily and quickly by simply pulling out the jig when opening the hole. Allows for outflow at a predetermined outflow rate. In addition, by using a sufficiently long metal rod, it is possible to avoid the danger of high-temperature molten material scattering due to closing and opening, and this is a practically useful idea for operating melting furnaces for producing inorganic fibers. It is.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

添付図面は溶融炉の水冷ノズル部に本考案に係
る出湯口用治具を適用した部位の縦断面図であ
る。 1……出湯口用治具、2……細径突起部、3…
…水冷ノズル、4……炉壁耐火物、7……最小口
径部。
The attached drawing is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion where the tapping jig according to the present invention is applied to a water-cooled nozzle portion of a melting furnace. 1...Jig for tapping spout, 2...Small diameter protrusion, 3...
...Water-cooled nozzle, 4...Furnace wall refractory, 7...Minimum diameter part.

Claims (1)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】 加熱及び成分調整された溶融スラグを排出する
流路として、炉芯側から炉外側に向けてその流路
面積が縮小するように内張煉瓦で形成し、これに
連通して外方に開いたコーン状の開口を形成した
水冷ノズルを側壁に有してなる溶融炉の、該水冷
ノズルからの溶融物の流出を外部より閉止および
開孔するために使用する治具であつて、 該水冷ノズルの最小内径より太い直径を有し、
ノズル口に押し付けることにより溶融スラグの流
出を閉止し得る先端形状を有する金属棒の先端部
に、 該金属棒の直径より細く、上記溶融スラグ排出
流路の最小口径部に挿入し得る直径を有し、閉止
時に形成される凝固層の厚さに相当する長さ又は
それより若干短い長さを有する細径突起部を設け
てなる溶融炉の出湯口用治具。
[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] As a channel for discharging heated and component-adjusted molten slag, the channel is formed with lining bricks so that the channel area decreases from the furnace core side to the outside of the furnace. A treatment used for closing and opening from the outside the flow of melt from a water-cooled nozzle of a melting furnace having a water-cooled nozzle in a side wall that forms a cone-shaped opening that communicates with the outside. having a diameter larger than the minimum inner diameter of the water-cooled nozzle;
The tip of a metal rod has a tip shape that can close the outflow of molten slag by pressing against the nozzle opening, and has a diameter that is thinner than the diameter of the metal rod and that can be inserted into the smallest diameter part of the molten slag discharge channel. A jig for a tap opening of a melting furnace, which is provided with a small diameter protrusion having a length corresponding to the thickness of a solidified layer formed at the time of closing or a length slightly shorter than that.
JP1986170444U 1986-11-06 1986-11-06 Expired JPH0228396Y2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1986170444U JPH0228396Y2 (en) 1986-11-06 1986-11-06

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1986170444U JPH0228396Y2 (en) 1986-11-06 1986-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6375799U JPS6375799U (en) 1988-05-20
JPH0228396Y2 true JPH0228396Y2 (en) 1990-07-30

Family

ID=31105182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1986170444U Expired JPH0228396Y2 (en) 1986-11-06 1986-11-06

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0228396Y2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH073277Y2 (en) * 1989-08-08 1995-01-30 富士電機株式会社 Molten metal pouring nozzle device

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5926229A (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-10 Hitachi Zosen Corp Centrifugal molding method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5926229A (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-10 Hitachi Zosen Corp Centrifugal molding method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6375799U (en) 1988-05-20

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