JPH021879A - Electrostatic charge image developing carrier - Google Patents
Electrostatic charge image developing carrierInfo
- Publication number
- JPH021879A JPH021879A JP63144194A JP14419488A JPH021879A JP H021879 A JPH021879 A JP H021879A JP 63144194 A JP63144194 A JP 63144194A JP 14419488 A JP14419488 A JP 14419488A JP H021879 A JPH021879 A JP H021879A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- whiskers
- resin
- coat layer
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical group COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000543381 Cliftonia monophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000206608 Pyropia tenera Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynevanadium Chemical compound [V]#N SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1131—Coating methods; Structure of coatings
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、電子写真、静電記録および静電印刷における
静電潜像を現像ケるための現像剤用キャリアに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a developer carrier for developing electrostatic latent images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording and electrostatic printing.
特に、電子写真方式の複写機あるいはプリンターの現像
剤用キャリアに関する。In particular, the present invention relates to a developer carrier for electrophotographic copying machines or printers.
従来の技術
電子写真方式の複写機、プリンターにより画像を得るに
は、画像担体である感光体の表面に形成された静？Ｉ！
潜像をトナーを含む現像剤を用いて現像（可視像化）し
、得られたトナー像を紙などの転写材へ転写する。Conventional Technology To obtain an image using an electrophotographic copying machine or printer, a static image is formed on the surface of a photoreceptor, which is an image carrier. I!
The latent image is developed (visualized) using a developer containing toner, and the resulting toner image is transferred to a transfer material such as paper.
かかる現像剤のうち絶縁性非磁性トナーおよび磁性キャ
リアからなる二成分系現像剤、あるいは磁性トナーおよ
び磁性キャリアからなる二成分系現像剤を用いる現像は
、トナーと鉄粉等のキャリアとの摩擦帯電によって発生
する電荷を利用する現像方式である。すなわち、磁性を
有するキャリア粒子の磁気ブラシを磁石内蔵の現像スリ
ーブ表面に形成してトナーを撹拌しながら現像領域に搬
送し、帯電トナーを感光体表面上に形成された反対の荷
電を有する静電潜像に接触、移行させて現像する方法で
ある。Among these developers, development using a two-component developer consisting of an insulating non-magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier, or a two-component developer consisting of a magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier, involves frictional electrification between the toner and a carrier such as iron powder. This is a development method that utilizes the electric charge generated by the process. In other words, a magnetic brush of magnetic carrier particles is formed on the surface of a developing sleeve with a built-in magnet, and the toner is conveyed to the developing area while stirring, and the charged toner is transferred to the oppositely charged electrostatic brush formed on the surface of the photoreceptor. This is a method in which the latent image is brought into contact and transferred to develop it.
このような二成分系現象剤に用いられる通常のキャリア
は、体積固有電気抵抗が低い（１０８Ωｃｍ以下）ため
、特に現像剤中のトナー濃度が低下した場合、静電潜像
担体（感光体）上の電荷がキャリアを通って逃げＩｊＡ
像の乱れあるいは画像欠損を生ずる。また、現（′タス
リーブからキャリアへの注入電荷により、キャリアか感
光体の画像部に付着するという問題もある。さらに、か
かるキャリアは粒子の硬度が高く、感光体表面に併行す
ると、ブレードクリーナ等による清掃時に感光体の表面
を傷付ける。The usual carrier used in such a two-component developing agent has a low specific volume electric resistance (108 Ωcm or less), and therefore, especially when the toner concentration in the developer decreases, it may cause damage to the electrostatic latent image carrier (photoreceptor). The charge of IjA escapes through the carriers
This causes image disturbance or image loss. In addition, there is a problem in that the charge injected from the carrier into the carrier causes the carrier to adhere to the image area of the photoreceptor.Furthermore, such carrier particles have high hardness, and if they run parallel to the surface of the photoreceptor, they may be removed by a blade cleaner, etc. may damage the surface of the photoconductor during cleaning.
このような鉄粉等、磁性体単体からなるキャリアの問題
点を解決する手段として、ぽ性体粒子の表面を樹脂で被
覆したコーティングキャリアら提案されている。Coated carriers in which the surface of porous particles are coated with resin have been proposed as a means to solve the problems of carriers made of single magnetic substances such as iron powder.
発明か解決しようとする課題
しかしながら、かかるコーティングキャリアは複写の繰
り返しによる長期の使用により、粒子表面の樹脂層が剥
離しやすく、このため帯電が不安定になり、湿度変化の
影響も受けやすくなる。また現像器内が剥離した樹脂に
より汚染されたり、現象剤が凝集するなどの問題点らあ
る。さらに、初期の帯電の立ち上がりら遅い。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, when such a coated carrier is used for a long period of time due to repeated copying, the resin layer on the surface of the particles tends to peel off, making the charging unstable and susceptible to changes in humidity. Further, there are other problems such as the interior of the developing device being contaminated by the peeled resin and the developing agent coagulating. Furthermore, the initial charge build-up is slow.
本発明は、樹脂コート層の耐久性に優れ、更には速やか
な帯電の立ち上がりおよび安定した帯電性を確保し得る
静電潜像現像用キャリアを提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image, which has a resin coat layer that has excellent durability, and furthermore, can ensure rapid charge build-up and stable chargeability.
課題を解決するための手段
すなわち、本発明は磁性体からなる芯材および該芯ｔ４
の表面を被覆する樹脂コート層からなり、１核樹脂コー
ト層がウィスカーを含むことを特徴と４゛る静、Ｕ荷像
現像用キャリアを提供するものである。Means for solving the problem, that is, the present invention provides a core material made of a magnetic material and the core material t4.
The present invention provides a carrier for developing static, U-loaded images comprising a resin coat layer covering the surface of the carrier, and characterized in that one core resin coat layer contains whiskers.
本発明のキャリアはコート層の剥離がなく長期の使用に
耐える。また、非絶縁性のウィスカーを用いることによ
りキャリア表面に部分的な導電性を付与することができ
る。The carrier of the present invention can withstand long-term use without peeling of the coating layer. Further, by using non-insulating whiskers, partial conductivity can be imparted to the carrier surface.
かかる本発明キャリアにおいて芯材として用いられる磁
性体、およびそのコーティングに用いられる樹脂は、従
来公知のコーティングキャリアに用いられている乙のが
いずれら用いられてよい。The magnetic material used as the core material in the carrier of the present invention and the resin used for coating the same may be any of those used in conventionally known coated carriers.
本発明のキャリアの芯材として用いられる磁性材料とし
ては、例えば、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト等の金属、これ
ら金属と亜鉛、アンチモン、アルミニウム、鉛、スズ、
ビスマス、ベリリウム、マンガン、セレン、タングステ
ン、ジルコニウム、バナジウム等の金属との合金あるい
は混合物、酸化鉄、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム等の
金属酸化物、窒化クロム、窒化バナジウム等の窒化物、
炭化ケイ素、炭化タングステン等の炭化物との混合物お
よび強磁性フェライト、マグネタイト、並びにこれらの
混合物等が挙げられる。Examples of magnetic materials used as the core material of the carrier of the present invention include metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, and these metals and zinc, antimony, aluminum, lead, tin,
Alloys or mixtures with metals such as bismuth, beryllium, manganese, selenium, tungsten, zirconium, and vanadium; metal oxides such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, and magnesium oxide; nitrides such as chromium nitride and vanadium nitride;
Examples include mixtures with carbides such as silicon carbide and tungsten carbide, ferromagnetic ferrite, magnetite, and mixtures thereof.
また、これらの磁性体をコートキャリアの芯材として使
用する場合、その粒径としては２０〜１００μｍ、好ま
しくは３０〜８０μｍの範囲にあることが望ましい。キ
ャリア芯材の粒径が２０μｍよりら小さいと、該キャリ
アを用いての現像時キャリアカブリが発生しやすく、ま
た芯材の粒子径が１００μｍより大きいと、このような
キャリアを用いて得られた画像の品位が著しく低下する
。Further, when these magnetic substances are used as a core material of a coated carrier, the particle size thereof is desirably in the range of 20 to 100 μm, preferably 30 to 80 μm. If the particle size of the carrier core material is smaller than 20 μm, carrier fog tends to occur during development using the carrier, and if the particle size of the core material is larger than 100 μm, the image obtained using such a carrier The quality of the image deteriorates significantly.
つぎに、本発明キャリアの樹脂コート層に用いられる樹
脂としては、公知のコーティングキャリアのコーティン
グ樹脂として用いられていた熱可塑性の樹脂などがいず
れも用いことができる。すなわち、カルボキシル基、水
酸基、グリシジル基、アミノ基などの極性基を有するア
クリル系樹脂、例えばメタクリル酸、アクリル酸、マレ
イン酸、イタコン酸などのアクリル酸系モノマー；ジメ
チルアミノエチルメタクリレートなどアミノ基を有する
モノマー５グリシジルメタクリレートなどをアクリル酸
低級アルキルエステルおよび／またはスヂレンと共重合
させた乙のを挙げることができる。Next, as the resin used for the resin coating layer of the carrier of the present invention, any thermoplastic resin that has been used as a coating resin of a known coating carrier can be used. That is, acrylic resins having polar groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, glycidyl, and amino groups; acrylic acid monomers such as methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid; and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate having amino groups. Examples include monomers such as 5-glycidyl methacrylate copolymerized with acrylic acid lower alkyl ester and/or styrene.
また、ポリエステル樹脂、例えばエチレングリコール、
トリエチレングリコール、ジカルボン酸、たとえばマレ
イン酸、イタコン酸、マロン酸などを縮合させて得られ
るポリエステル樹脂、さらにエポキシ樹脂等の熱可塑性
樹脂を挙げることができる。これらの樹脂は粘度を調整
するために３次元架橋を施してらよい。Also, polyester resins such as ethylene glycol,
Examples include polyester resins obtained by condensing triethylene glycol and dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, and malonic acid, as well as thermoplastic resins such as epoxy resins. These resins may be three-dimensionally crosslinked to adjust their viscosity.
さらに、コート用樹脂としては、上記樹脂以外にビニル
系樹脂、ロジン変成フェノール−ホルマリン樹脂、セル
ロース樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、フッ
素樹脂等を用いてらよい。Further, as the coating resin, in addition to the above-mentioned resins, vinyl resins, rosin-modified phenol-formalin resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, silicone resins, fluororesins, etc. may be used.
磁性体芯打上に形成される樹脂層の平均膜厚は０．５〜
５μＭ、好ましくは３〜５μ肩である。The average thickness of the resin layer formed on the magnetic core is 0.5~
5 μM, preferably 3 to 5 μM.
膜厚５μｌを越えろものは製造が困難であり、また膜厚
０．５μ次未満ではキャリア表面からのウィスカーの突
出が多くなる。If the film thickness exceeds 5 μl, it is difficult to manufacture, and if the film thickness is less than 0.5 μl, many whiskers protrude from the carrier surface.
さらに、これらコーティング樹脂に配合されるウィスカ
ーは、各種のものが用いられるが、特に非絶縁性（導電
性または半導電性）のウィスカが好ましい。かかるウィ
スカーとしては、例えばＫｚＯ−ｎ Ｔ ｉ ０ｔ−ｘ
、ＳｉＮ、ＳｉＣなどのｆＭ造を有する電気抵抗ｌＯ″
２〜１０１１Ωａｍ、好ましくは！−１０’ΩＣｍのら
のが用いられる。電気抵抗り月０１Ωａｍより小さいと
帯電の立ち上がりが悪く、一方、１０′−Ωｃｍを上回
ると耐刷時の帯電安定性が低下する。かかる市販のウィ
スカーとしてはデントールＢＫおよびＷＫノリーズ（大
塚化学（昧）製）あるいは東海カーボン（株）等により
市販のものなどが例示される。Furthermore, although various types of whiskers can be used in these coating resins, non-insulating (conductive or semi-conductive) whiskers are particularly preferred. Such whiskers include, for example, KzO-n T i 0t-x
, SiN, SiC, etc. electrical resistance lO″
2-1011 Ωam, preferably! -10'ΩCm is used. If the electrical resistance is less than 01 Ωam, charging will not start up properly, while if it exceeds 10'-Ωcm, the charging stability during printing will deteriorate. Examples of such commercially available whiskers include those commercially available from Dentol BK and WK Nories (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., and the like.
また、該ウィスカーのＩ＃１ｆｆｆｌ長は１〜１０μ７
、好ましくは１〜５μ皮である。繊維長り月μｍより短
いとコート層の剥離防止効果が充分でなく、一方、！ａ
維長が１０μｍよりも長いと樹脂中での分散性が悪くな
り、またキャリア表面からウィスカーの突出割合が多く
なり、感光体に傷をつけたり、トナーの消費量の増大を
沼く。また、ウィスカーの繊維径は０．１〜１μ屑、好
ましくは０．２〜０５μｍ１である。In addition, the I#1fffl length of the whisker is 1 to 10 μ7
, preferably 1 to 5μ skin. If the fiber length is shorter than μm, the peeling prevention effect of the coating layer will not be sufficient; a
If the fiber length is longer than 10 μm, the dispersibility in the resin will be poor, and the ratio of whiskers protruding from the carrier surface will increase, which may damage the photoreceptor and increase the amount of toner consumed. The fiber diameter of the whisker is 0.1 to 1 μm, preferably 0.2 to 05 μm.
該ウィスカーの配合６Ｘは、コーティング樹脂１００・
Ｔｒｏｄ部に対して０３〜３０重ら１部、好ましくは０
．８〜ｌ’２ｆＴＮｉ１部である。ウィスカーの配合量
がこれより少ないと、コーティング樹脂の剥離を防ぐ効
果が低い。The whisker formulation 6X is coating resin 100.
03 to 30 parts per Trod part, preferably 0
．． 8~l'2fTNi 1 part. If the amount of whiskers is less than this, the effect of preventing peeling of the coating resin will be low.
一方、この範囲を越えると、樹脂との溶融混練性か悪く
なり、かつキャリア表面からのウィスカーの突出”＋１
が増大する。また非絶縁性のウィスカーを用いた場合に
は、キャリア全体の電気抵抗が低くなる。On the other hand, if this range is exceeded, the melt-kneading properties with the resin will deteriorate and whiskers will protrude from the carrier surface.
increases. Furthermore, when non-insulating whiskers are used, the electrical resistance of the entire carrier becomes low.
なお、にｆ＝米のコーチインクキャリアでは、粒子表面
が樹脂で完全に彼覆されているため、粒子表面に電６；
テが缶積し、画像のコントロールが困難となる。また帯
電性が非常に不安定で、複写の繰り返しにより帯電量が
増加し、所定の画像濃度が得られなかった。また、現象
時広い面積にわたって−様な黒地画像を得るには、外部
よりバイアス電圧を印加し、画質をコントロールする必
要があるが、従来のコーティングキャリアは表面に全く
導電性がなく、バイアス電界が効果的に印加できない。In addition, in the case of f = American coach ink carrier, the particle surface is completely covered with resin, so there is an electric charge on the particle surface.
The image becomes difficult to control. Furthermore, the charging property was very unstable, and the amount of charging increased with repeated copying, making it impossible to obtain a desired image density. In addition, in order to obtain a black background image over a wide area during the phenomenon, it is necessary to apply a bias voltage from the outside to control the image quality, but conventional coated carriers have no conductivity on their surfaces and the bias electric field is cannot be applied effectively.
さらに安定したトナー帯電性を得るためにもキャリアの
表面に部分的な導電性を付与することが望ましい。しか
しながら、キャリア全体の電気抵抗が低くなるとキャリ
ア自身が現像され画像劣化の一要因ともなるので、全体
的に高い電気抵抗を有しつつも部分的に導電性を有する
キャリアが望まれていた。Furthermore, in order to obtain stable toner chargeability, it is desirable to impart partial electrical conductivity to the surface of the carrier. However, if the electrical resistance of the carrier as a whole becomes low, the carrier itself will be developed and become a factor in image deterioration. Therefore, a carrier that has high electrical resistance as a whole but is partially electrically conductive has been desired.
従来公知の導電性粉体の添加においては上記のようなキ
ャリア表面に部分的導電性を付与しつつ全体的には高い
電気抵抗１０８〜１０１５Ωｃｍ、好ましくは１０１０
〜１ｏ１４Ωｃｍを同時に実現することは困難であった
。In addition of conventionally known conductive powder, while imparting partial conductivity to the carrier surface as described above, the overall electrical resistance is 108 to 1015 Ωcm, preferably 1010 Ωcm.
It was difficult to simultaneously achieve 1014 Ωcm.
本発明のキャリアでは特に非絶縁性ウィスカーを用いる
ことにより、キャリア表面に部分的な導電性を付与して
特に黒ベタ部に生じる低画質を防止すると共に、キャリ
アの電荷の蓄積（耐刷時において帯電量が不安定になる
）の防止をはかることが可能になる。また、全体的には
高い電気抵抗を実現したことによりスリーブ」二からキ
ャリアの穂の先端にかけての電荷注入によるキャリア現
像が防止される。By using non-insulating whiskers in the carrier of the present invention, the carrier surface is partially made conductive to prevent poor image quality that occurs particularly in solid black areas, and the accumulation of charges on the carrier (during printing life) This makes it possible to prevent the charge amount from becoming unstable. Furthermore, by achieving a high electrical resistance as a whole, carrier development due to charge injection from the sleeve 2 to the tip of the carrier ears is prevented.
本発明のキャリアには、さらにコーティングキャリアの
成分として従来公知のカーボンブラック、無機微粒子、
荷電制御剤、導電性物質などが適宜配合されてよい。The carrier of the present invention further includes carbon black, inorganic fine particles, which are conventionally known as components of coating carriers,
A charge control agent, a conductive substance, etc. may be appropriately blended.
これらの成分を用いて本発明のコーティングキャリアを
製造するには、樹脂およびウィスカーを溶剤に分散溶解
し、得られた溶液を撹拌器つきオートクレーブ、スパイ
ラルフロー（フロイント産業（珠）製）、あるいは通常
のスプレードライ装置などを用いてキャリア芯付表面に
吹き付けて乾燥したのち、加熱溶融などによって溶解固
定化する。In order to produce the coated carrier of the present invention using these components, the resin and whiskers are dispersed and dissolved in a solvent, and the resulting solution is heated in an autoclave equipped with a stirrer, a spiral flow (manufactured by Freund Sangyo (Tama)), or a conventional After drying it by spraying it onto the carrier cored surface using a spray dryer, etc., it is melted and fixed by heating and melting.
得られたコーティングキャリアは平均粒径２０〜１００
μｎ１好ましくは３０〜８０μ肩を何する。平均粒径が
２０μｗ未満では静電潜像担体へのキャリアの付着か生
じやすく、帯゛工量の制御ら困ガ（になる。また、平均
粒径が１００μ屑を越えると画像にキャリア現像か生ず
るなど鮮明な画像が得られず画質の低下を招く。The obtained coated carrier has an average particle size of 20 to 100
μn1 is preferably 30 to 80μ. If the average particle size is less than 20 μW, the carrier tends to adhere to the electrostatic latent image carrier, making it difficult to control the amount of work. Also, if the average particle size exceeds 100 μW, carrier development may occur on the image. A clear image cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in image quality.
及塵剋
以下に、製造例、実施例および比較例に基づき本発明を
さらに詳しく説明する。The present invention will now be described in more detail based on production examples, working examples, and comparative examples.
なお、実施例および比較例中、各種測定、評価はつぎの
方法により行なった。In the Examples and Comparative Examples, various measurements and evaluations were performed by the following methods.
金属性の円形電極上に厚さＩ ｍｍ、直径５０ｍｍとな
る様に試料を置き、質ｍ１３９５．４ｇ、直径２０ｍｍ
の電極、内径３８ｍｍ、外径４２ｍｍのガードＴＩ！極
を載せ、５００ｖの直流電圧印加時の１分後の抵抗値を
読みとり、試料の体積固有抵抗ρに換算した。測定環境
は温度２５±ピＣ１相対湿度５５±５％である。ホＩｊ
定は５回繰り返し、その平均を求めた。A sample was placed on a metallic circular electrode with a thickness of I mm and a diameter of 50 mm, and the material was 1395.4 g and a diameter of 20 mm.
Guard TI with electrode, inner diameter 38mm, outer diameter 42mm! A pole was placed on the sample, and the resistance value was read after 1 minute when a DC voltage of 500 V was applied, and the value was converted to the volume resistivity ρ of the sample. The measurement environment was a temperature of 25 ± 1 C1 and a relative humidity of 55 ± 5%. HoIj
The determination was repeated five times and the average was determined.
〔耐刷テストによるコート層の剥離度〕（−）帯電性積
層有機感光体を有する複写機（ＥＰ−４７０Ｚ：ミノル
タカメラ（株）製）を用いて負極性の静電潜像を連続現
像（５万枚）した。[Degree of peeling of coat layer by printing durability test] (-) A negative electrostatic latent image was continuously developed ( 50,000 copies).
キャリアの剥離度は下記の基準に基づきＳＥＭ＆！察に
ｊ；り判定した。The peeling degree of the carrier was determined by SEM &! based on the following criteria. I made a judgment based on my opinion.
コート層の剥離度
５：全く問題なし
４：殆どなし
３二目につく程度
２：半分程度の剥離
ｌニア割以上が剥離
Ｃ画像の評価基孕〕
初期および耐刷テスト後のかぶり、キャリア現像、解像
値、階調性等を次に示す総合的な画質評価の基糸に基づ
きランク付けした。Peeling degree of coat layer 5: No problem at all 4: Almost no problem 3 Severely noticeable 2: Approximately half peeling l Neat peeling or more peeling C image evaluation criteria] Fog after initial and printing durability test, carrier development , resolution value, gradation, etc. were ranked based on the following comprehensive image quality evaluation criteria.
（■・極めて良好
○；問題なし
△：：題点は発生しているが、実用上許容範囲×：実田
川上許容きない
製造例〔（＋）帯電性トナー〕
成 分 重１部スヂ
レンーｎ−ブチルメタ １００クリレート樹
脂
（軟化点：１３２℃、ガラス転−移点：６０℃）カーボ
ンブラック ５（三菱化成工業
（昧）製、ＭＡ＃８）
ニグロンン染料 ３（オリエ
ント化学工業（株）製、
ポントロノＮ−０１）
上記材料をボールミルで充分混合した後、Ｉ４０°Ｃに
加熱した３本ロール上で混練した。混練物を放置冷却後
、フェザ−ミルを用い粗粉砕し、さらにジェットミルで
微粉砕した後、風力分級した。(■・Extremely good ○; No problem △:: Problems have occurred, but it is within a practically acceptable range ×: Manufacturing example that is not acceptable by Kawakami Kawakami [(+) Chargeable toner] Ingredients Heavy 1 part Styrene-n -Butyl meth 100 acrylate resin (softening point: 132°C, glass transition point: 60°C) Carbon black 5 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, MA#8) Nigron dye 3 (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Pontrono) N-01) After thoroughly mixing the above materials in a ball mill, they were kneaded on three rolls heated to 40°C.After cooling the kneaded material, it was coarsely ground using a feather mill, and then finely ground using a jet mill. After that, it was classified by air.
実施例１
（軟化点＝１２３°Ｃ、ガラス転移点二６５℃、酸価２
１）
非絶縁性ウィスカー
（大塚化学（昧）製、ＢＫ−１００
チタン酸カリウム系ウイスカーを導
？ｕ性処理したらの（平均ｗｌ！ｌｆｉ長５μｍ１繊９
イを径０．３μｒｎ、電気抵抗率１０’Ωｃｍ）上記成
分をトルエン中にて混合し２％溶液を調製した。ついで
該溶液を用いスピラーコータ５Ｐ−４０（開口Ｊ精工（
株）製）を使用してスプレー圧３ 、５ ｋｇ／ｃｍ、
スプレー１４０ｇ／分、温度５０°Ｃにて１２０分間、
芯材フェライトＦ −２５０Ｉ−Ｉ Ｒ（平均粒径５０
μｍ ： ？ＴｉＴｉ流抵抗３．５０ｘ１０ー処理し
た。得られた粒子をフルイ（フルイ目開き１１０５８ｍ
）を用いて、凝集物を除去してコートキャリアを得た。Example 1 (Softening point = 123°C, glass transition point 265°C, acid value 2
1) Non-insulating whiskers (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., BK-100) Potassium titanate whiskers treated with conductivity (average wl!lfi length 5 μm 1 fiber 9
The above components were mixed in toluene to prepare a 2% solution. Then, using the solution, use a spiller coater 5P-40 (Kaisei J Seiko).
Co., Ltd.) at a spray pressure of 3.5 kg/cm.
Spray 140g/min, temperature 50°C for 120 minutes,
Core material ferrite F-250I-I R (average particle size 50
μm: ? TiTi flow resistance 3.50x10-treated. The obtained particles were passed through a sieve (sieve opening 11058m)
) to remove aggregates to obtain a coated carrier.
このキャリア！００重量部と前記製造例で得られたトナ
ー６重量部を混合して現像剤を調製し、面記５万枚まで
の耐刷テストを行ない、キャリアの剥離度を評価した。This career! A developer was prepared by mixing 0.00 parts by weight with 6 parts by weight of the toner obtained in the above production example, and a printing durability test of up to 50,000 sheets was conducted to evaluate the degree of peeling of the carrier.
また、画像は耐刷試験の初期において全くキャリア付着
等のない優れた画質のものが得られ、耐刷試験後ら変わ
らなかった。In addition, an image of excellent quality with no carrier adhesion was obtained at the beginning of the printing test, and the image did not change after the printing test.
これらの結果を後記第１表に示す。These results are shown in Table 1 below.
実施例２〜４
ウィスカーの種類および量を後記第１表に示す通りとし
た以外は、実施例１と同様にしてコーティングキャリア
を製造した。得られたキャリアを用いて実施例１と同様
に現像剤を調製し耐刷テストを行った。結果を同様に第
１表に示す°。Examples 2 to 4 Coated carriers were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of whiskers were as shown in Table 1 below. A developer was prepared using the obtained carrier in the same manner as in Example 1, and a printing durability test was conducted. The results are also shown in Table 1.
比較例１
ウィスカーの配合を行わなかった以外は、実施例１と同
様にしてコーティングキャリアを製造した。該キャリア
を用いて実施例１と同様に試験した結果を第１表に示す
。Comparative Example 1 A coated carrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that whiskers were not blended. Table 1 shows the results of tests conducted using the carrier in the same manner as in Example 1.
比較例２
ウィスカーの代わりに導電性微粒子である酸化スズ（三
菱金属（昧）製、Ｔ−１（電気抵抗１〜５Ωｃｍ、拉子
径０．１μ匁以下））５重量部を添加した以外は実施例
１と同様の方法によりコーティングキャリアを製造した
。該キャリアを実施例１と同様に試験した結果を第１表
に示す。Comparative Example 2 Except that 5 parts by weight of tin oxide (manufactured by Mitsubishi Metals, T-1 (electrical resistance 1 to 5 Ωcm, pin diameter 0.1μ or less)), which is a conductive fine particle, was added instead of whiskers. A coated carrier was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The carrier was tested in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
第１表より明らかなごとく、実施例１〜３にて得られた
キャリアは耐刷テスト後も樹脂層の剥離がなく耐久性に
優れており、帯１ｉｆｆｉが安定して画像濃度変化らな
かった。また、耐刷試験の初期および耐刷後ともに画質
に優れ、キャリア現像やキャリア付着が全くなく、使用
した感光体の表面ら良好であった。また、実施例４では
絶縁性ウィスカーを用いたが、実施例１〜３に比べて画
質が若干低下しているものの実用上問題ない。As is clear from Table 1, the carriers obtained in Examples 1 to 3 had excellent durability with no peeling of the resin layer even after the printing durability test, and the band 1iffi was stable and the image density did not change. . Furthermore, the image quality was excellent both at the initial stage of the printing test and after the printing test, with no carrier development or carrier adhesion at all, and the surface of the photoreceptor used was also good. Furthermore, although insulating whiskers were used in Example 4, there is no problem in practical use, although the image quality is slightly lower than in Examples 1 to 3.
これに対して、比較例１および２のキ、トリアを用いた
場合は、キャリアの耐久性に劣り、帯”ｌ１ｉｆｆｌの
低下、あるいはカブリが発生した。On the other hand, when Ki and Thoria of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used, the durability of the carrier was poor, and a decrease in band "l1iffl" or fog occurred.
発明の効果
本発明の静電潜像現像用キャリアによれば、樹脂層に内
添されているウィスカーにより樹脂コート層の脆さが改
善されキャリアの耐久性が著しく向上した。このため帯
電性が安定する（湿度の影♂も受けにくい）と共に、剥
離樹脂による現像器内の汚染や現像剤の凝集もなくなっ
た。Effects of the Invention According to the carrier for developing electrostatic latent images of the present invention, the brittleness of the resin coat layer is improved by the whiskers internally added to the resin layer, and the durability of the carrier is significantly improved. As a result, the charging property is stabilized (it is less susceptible to the effects of humidity), and there is no contamination in the developing device due to the release resin and no aggregation of the developer.
さらに、非絶縁性のウィスカーを用いることによりキャ
リア粒子全体としては高い電気抵抗を有しつつも部分的
に導電性を有して安定した摩擦帯ｆｆｉ量が確保できる
ため、電荷が蓄積せず画質のコントロールが容易になり
耐刷中の画像濃度の低下らない。また、−様かつ有効な
バイアス電界を印加できる。Furthermore, by using non-insulating whiskers, the carrier particles as a whole have high electrical resistance but are partially conductive, ensuring a stable amount of friction band ffi, which prevents charge accumulation and improves image quality. This makes it easier to control the image density and prevents the image density from decreasing during printing. Furthermore, a -like and effective bias electric field can be applied.
特許出願人 ミノルタカメラ株式会社Patent applicant: Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
る樹脂コート層からなり、該樹脂コート層がウィスカー
を含むことを特徴とする静電荷像現像用キャリア。(1) A carrier for developing an electrostatic image, comprising a core material made of a magnetic material and a resin coat layer covering the surface of the core material, the resin coat layer containing whiskers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63144194A JPH021879A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | Electrostatic charge image developing carrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63144194A JPH021879A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | Electrostatic charge image developing carrier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH021879A true JPH021879A (en) | 1990-01-08 |
Family
ID=15356398
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63144194A Pending JPH021879A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | Electrostatic charge image developing carrier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH021879A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09152749A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-06-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Carrier for electrostatic latent image developer, electrostatic latent image developer and image forming method |
-
1988
- 1988-06-10 JP JP63144194A patent/JPH021879A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09152749A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-06-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Carrier for electrostatic latent image developer, electrostatic latent image developer and image forming method |
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