JPH01187778A - Manufacture of secondary battery - Google Patents
Manufacture of secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01187778A JPH01187778A JP63010001A JP1000188A JPH01187778A JP H01187778 A JPH01187778 A JP H01187778A JP 63010001 A JP63010001 A JP 63010001A JP 1000188 A JP1000188 A JP 1000188A JP H01187778 A JPH01187778 A JP H01187778A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- battery
- separator
- conductive polymer
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
げ）産業上の利用分野
本発明は導電性ポリマーを電極材料に用いる二次電池の
製造方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION G) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a secondary battery using a conductive polymer as an electrode material.
（ロ）従来の技術
例えば特開昭５６−１３６４６９号公報に開示されてい
るように、ポリピロール、ポリアセチレン、ポリチオフ
ェンなどの導電性ポリマーを電極材料とする二次電池は
軽量で高エネルギー密度を有し、且無公害であるため近
年において特に注目を集めている。これらの導電性ポリ
マーはフィルム状で得ることが可能であり、種々の形状
に加工しやすいとｈう特徴を有する。この点Ｋｌ目Ｌ、
導電性ポリマーを用いたフレキシブルな薄型電池が研究
されている。しかしこの種の薄型電池の構造は、導電性
ポリマーからなる電極と、セパレータを積層しているの
で、電池組立時に電極とセパレータとの間にガスかみが
生じて内部抵抗が増大したり、電池が変形し外部応力が
かかるとセパレータと電極の密着性が低下し、電池性能
が低下すると論う問題があった。(b) Conventional technology As disclosed in JP-A-56-136469, for example, secondary batteries using conductive polymers such as polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophene as electrode materials are lightweight and have high energy density. , and because it is non-polluting, it has attracted particular attention in recent years. These conductive polymers can be obtained in the form of a film and have the characteristic of being easy to process into various shapes. This point Kl eye L,
Flexible thin batteries using conductive polymers are being researched. However, the structure of this type of thin battery is such that electrodes made of conductive polymer and separators are laminated, so when assembling the battery, gas may be trapped between the electrodes and the separator, increasing internal resistance and causing the battery to deteriorate. There is a problem in that when deformed and external stress is applied, the adhesion between the separator and the electrode decreases, resulting in a decrease in battery performance.
一方、本発明者は、特開昭８２−２４６２７０号公報に
開示した如く、セパレータ部材の一方の面に正極として
の導電性ポリマー薄層を形成すると共に、他方の面に負
極としての導電性ポリマー薄層或いはアルカリ金属薄層
を形成し、且これら正負極の各表面に集電層を形設した
る電極体を備えた非水系二次電池を提案している。この
構成に依れば、電極間距離を小くして内部抵抗を減少さ
せ、大電流の取出しを可能とすることができるので、セ
パレータと電極の密着性の低下を抑制すること−が可能
となる。しかしこの構成では、セパレ−夕部材が導電性
ポリマーの電極中に入り込み、トータルとしての電極内
の活物質量が減少し、十分な電池容量が得られないとい
う問題点があった。On the other hand, as disclosed in JP-A No. 82-246270, the present inventor formed a conductive polymer thin layer as a positive electrode on one surface of a separator member, and formed a conductive polymer thin layer as a negative electrode on the other surface. A nonaqueous secondary battery is proposed that includes an electrode body in which a thin layer or a thin alkali metal layer is formed, and a current collecting layer is formed on each surface of the positive and negative electrodes. According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce the distance between the electrodes, reduce the internal resistance, and make it possible to take out a large current, so it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the adhesion between the separator and the electrodes. . However, this configuration has the problem that the separator member gets into the conductive polymer electrode, reducing the total amount of active material in the electrode, making it impossible to obtain a sufficient battery capacity.
（ハ）発明が解決しようとする課題
本発明は前記問題点に錯みなされたものであって、セパ
レータと電極の密着性の低下による電池特性の劣化を抑
制し、セパレータと電極を一体に構成した時の電池容量
の増大を計るものである。(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made to address the above-mentioned problems, and suppresses the deterioration of battery characteristics due to a decrease in the adhesion between the separator and the electrode, and integrates the separator and the electrode. It measures the increase in battery capacity when
に）課題を解決するための手段
本発明の二次電池の製造方法は、セパレータを構成する
繊維を分散させた溶液中にフィルム状の導電性ポリマー
からなる電極を浸漬し、該電極上に前記繊維の層を形成
してセパレータとなしたことを特徴とするものである。B) Means for Solving the Problems The method for manufacturing a secondary battery of the present invention involves immersing an electrode made of a film-like conductive polymer in a solution in which fibers constituting a separator are dispersed, and placing the above-mentioned material on the electrode. It is characterized by forming a layer of fibers to serve as a separator.
（ホ）作 用
セパレータを電極と別の部材として用いているのではな
く、一体のものとして電極上に形成しているので、電極
とセパレータの密着性が向上する。(E) Function Since the separator is not used as a separate member from the electrode, but is formed integrally on the electrode, the adhesion between the electrode and the separator is improved.
更に、フィルム状の導電性ポリマーからなる電極は、電
池容量の増大に寄与しないセパレータを構成する繊＃！
に占有されていないので、電池構成時の電極容量の減少
を抑えることが可能となる。加えて、フィルム状の導電
性ポリマー電極を用いセパレータを一体化しているので
、フレキシブルな電池を提供しうる。Furthermore, electrodes made of film-like conductive polymers are made of fibers that make up the separator, which do not contribute to increasing battery capacity.
Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in electrode capacity during battery construction. In addition, since the separator is integrated using a film-like conductive polymer electrode, a flexible battery can be provided.
（へ）実施例 以下に本発明と比較例との対比に言及し祥述する。(f) Example A comparison between the present invention and a comparative example will be described below.
（実施例１）
本実施例では、正極活物質としてポリアニリンを用い念
。このポリアニリンは、ホウフッ化水素酸、アニリン水
溶液中で白金箔電極（１０αＸ １０ｚ）上で電解重合
すること忙より、集電体たる白金箔と一体化したものを
用い、所定形状としたものを正極としえ。(Example 1) In this example, polyaniline was used as the positive electrode active material. This polyaniline is electrolytically polymerized on a platinum foil electrode (10αX 10z) in an aqueous solution of fluoroboric acid and aniline. Toshie.
この＠極を、ポリプロピレン短繊維Ｃ戦維径１２〜１７
−長さ５０晴）が濃度３〜５重量％で分散さみは、前記
抄〈回数により増減できる。その後、室温にて真空中で
、２４時間乾燥を行つ走。このようにして、セパレータ
部を形成した。This @pole is polypropylene short fiber C fiber diameter 12-17
- Length: 50 mm) with a concentration of 3 to 5% by weight, and the dispersion can be increased or decreased depending on the number of times of the above-mentioned paper cutting. Thereafter, it was dried for 24 hours in a vacuum at room temperature. In this way, a separator portion was formed.
次にこのセパレーター正極一体化物の、セパレータを介
して正極と反対側から、負極としてのりチウム−アルミ
ニウム箔を配するよう（ＩＣ１電池缶：で封入した。電
解液としては、プロピレンカーボネートに過塩素酸リチ
ウムを１モル／Ｌ溶解したものを用いている。Next, a glue-aluminum foil was placed as a negative electrode from the side opposite to the positive electrode of this separator-positive electrode integrated product through the separator (it was sealed in an IC1 battery can).The electrolyte was propylene carbonate and perchloric acid. A solution containing 1 mol/L of lithium is used.
この電池の容量は１０ｍＡｈであり、フレキシブルなも
のである。そしてこの電池を本発明電池Ａとした。This battery has a capacity of 10mAh and is flexible. This battery was designated as Invention Battery A.
第１図に、この電池の構造を示す。図中ｉｔポリアニリ
ンからなる正極であり、この正極１の下部には白金箔−
６為らなる正極集電体６が密接している。又、正極１の
上部にはセパレータ部３が形成されており、正極１と一
体構成となっている。この一体に構成したものを正極外
装缶４上に裁置し、電解液の注液を行った。一方、負葎
外装缶５には、絶縁バッキング８がインサート成形され
、負極集電体７を介してリチウム−アルミニウム合金か
らなる負極２が圧着されている。そしてこの負極外装缶
５を、前記正極を配した正極外装缶４と組み合せて、正
極外装缶４をかしめることにより密封して、完成電池を
得た。Figure 1 shows the structure of this battery. In the figure, the positive electrode is made of IT polyaniline, and the lower part of this positive electrode 1 has a platinum foil
A positive electrode current collector 6 consisting of six electrodes is in close contact with each other. Further, a separator portion 3 is formed on the upper part of the positive electrode 1 and is integrally configured with the positive electrode 1. This integrated structure was placed on the positive electrode outer can 4, and an electrolytic solution was poured into it. On the other hand, an insulating backing 8 is insert-molded into the negative outer can 5, and a negative electrode 2 made of a lithium-aluminum alloy is crimped thereon via a negative electrode current collector 7. Then, this negative electrode outer can 5 was combined with the positive electrode outer can 4 containing the positive electrode, and the positive electrode outer can 4 was sealed by caulking to obtain a completed battery.
（比較例１）
前記実施例１で用いた正極集電体を有する正極と、この
正極とは別部材であるポリプロピレン不織布Ｃ繊維径２
〜４−目付５０ ｇ／ｎ？厚み０．２５−）をセパレー
タ部として用いた以外は、実施例１と同様の比較電池Ｂ
ｔ−得九。(Comparative Example 1) A positive electrode having the positive electrode current collector used in Example 1 and a polypropylene nonwoven fabric C fiber diameter 2 that is a separate member from the positive electrode.
~4-Weight 50 g/n? Comparative battery B, which was the same as Example 1, except that a battery with a thickness of 0.25-) was used as the separator part.
t-toku.
（比較例２）
前記比較例１で用いたボリプロビレン不織布−Ｃ＝らな
るセパレータの片面に、ポリアニリン層を形成したもの
（特開昭６２−２４６２７０号公報に記載のもの）を用
いた以外は、実施例１と同様の比較電池Ｃを得た。(Comparative Example 2) Except for using the polyaniline layer formed on one side of the separator made of polypropylene nonwoven fabric -C= used in Comparative Example 1 (as described in JP-A-62-246270). Comparative battery C similar to Example 1 was obtained.
これらの電池Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃを用い、電池の充放電特性の比
較を行った。条件は１ｍＡの電流で、１０時間充電を行
った後、１ｍＡの電流で電池電圧が２ｖになる迄放電を
行うというものである。この結果を、第２図に示す。８
２図中、充電特性は実線で、放電特性は鎖線で示しであ
る。これより、本発明電池Ａは、最も電池の放電容量が
大きく、１０−ｈの充放電が可能である。これに対し、
比較電池Ｂは８％Ａｈ、比較電池比較電池−ｈと容量が
小さい。Using these batteries A, B, and C, the charging and discharging characteristics of the batteries were compared. The conditions were to charge at a current of 1 mA for 10 hours, and then discharge at a current of 1 mA until the battery voltage reached 2V. The results are shown in FIG. 8
In Figure 2, the charging characteristic is shown by a solid line, and the discharging characteristic is shown by a chain line. From this, the battery A of the present invention has the highest discharge capacity and can be charged and discharged for 10 hours. In contrast,
Comparative battery B has a small capacity of 8% Ah and comparative battery Comparative battery -h.
これは本発明電池ムけ、比較電池Ｃの如く電極内に無駄
な部分が存在せず、電極活物質が多く存在できるためで
あり、比較電池Ｂの如くセパレータと電極との密着性が
低下して電極反応に関与する活物質量が減少する、とい
った偏集も生じないことに起因している。This is because there is no wasted part in the electrode as in the battery of the present invention and comparative battery C, and a large amount of electrode active material can be present, and as in comparative battery B, the adhesion between the separator and the electrode is reduced. This is due to the fact that no unbalanced concentration occurs, such as a decrease in the amount of active material involved in the electrode reaction.
次に本発明電池Ａ及び比較電池Ｂを用い、電池のサイク
ル特性比較試験を行った。この時の条件は、１ｍＡの電
流で１０時間充電し、１ｍＡの電流で電池電圧が２ｖに
なる迄放電を行うというものである。この結果を、第３
図に示す。これより本発明電池人け、１００サイクル経
過後も充放電効率の低下はみられないが、比較電池Ｂ＃
ｉ５０サイクル付近で充放電効率が大幅に低下している
ことがわかる。これはサイクル１過にしたがって、比較
電池Ｂではセパレータと電極との密着性が低下し、電極
表面の電池反応に関与しない部分が増大していくことに
起因している。このような偏集は本発明電池ムでは観察
されない。Next, a battery cycle characteristic comparison test was conducted using the battery A of the present invention and the comparative battery B. The conditions at this time were to charge with a current of 1 mA for 10 hours and discharge with a current of 1 mA until the battery voltage reached 2V. This result is shown in the third
As shown in the figure. From this, the battery of the present invention shows no decrease in charge/discharge efficiency even after 100 cycles, but comparative battery B#
It can be seen that the charging/discharging efficiency significantly decreases around i50 cycles. This is because, in Comparative Battery B, the adhesion between the separator and the electrode decreased after the first cycle, and the portion of the electrode surface that did not participate in the battery reaction increased. Such concentration is not observed in the battery of the present invention.
この実施例において導電性ポリマーとしては、ポリアニ
リンを使用したが、何らこれに限定されるものではなく
、フィルム状に合成できるのであれば使用可能である。Although polyaniline was used as the conductive polymer in this example, it is not limited to this in any way, and any material can be used as long as it can be synthesized into a film.
（ト）発明の効果
上述した如く、本発明によれば導電性ポリマーを少くと
も一方のＷｔ極に用いた電池の充放電特性を改善しうる
と共に、さらにこの種電池の薄型化、フレキシブル化が
計れるものであり、その工柴的価値は極めて大である。(G) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the charging and discharging characteristics of a battery using a conductive polymer in at least one Wt electrode, and it is also possible to make this type of battery thinner and more flexible. It is something that can be measured, and its value for Koshiba is extremely large.
第１図は本発明電池の縦断面図、第２図は電池の充放電
特性比較図、ｆｌＸ３図は電池のサイクル特性比較図で
ある。
１・・・正極、２・・・負極、３・・・セパレータ部、
４・・・正極外装缶、５・・・負極外装缶、６・・・正
極集電体、７・・・負極集電体、８・・・絶縁バッキン
グＡ・・・本発明電池、Ｂ、Ｃ・・・比較電池。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the battery of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a comparison diagram of the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery, and FIG. flX3 is a comparison diagram of the cycle characteristics of the battery. 1...Positive electrode, 2...Negative electrode, 3...Separator part,
4... Positive electrode outer can, 5... Negative electrode outer can, 6... Positive electrode current collector, 7... Negative electrode current collector, 8... Insulating backing A... Present invention battery, B, C... Comparison battery.
Claims (1)
フィルム状の導電性ポリマーからなる電極を浸漬し、該
電極上に前記繊維の層を形成してセパレータとなしたこ
とを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。(1) A separator is formed by immersing an electrode made of a film-like conductive polymer in a solution in which fibers constituting the separator are dispersed, and forming a layer of the fibers on the electrode. Method of manufacturing next battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010001A JPH01187778A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Manufacture of secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010001A JPH01187778A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Manufacture of secondary battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01187778A true JPH01187778A (en) | 1989-07-27 |
Family
ID=11738182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010001A Pending JPH01187778A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Manufacture of secondary battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01187778A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0476253U (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-07-03 | ||
| US20110027656A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2011-02-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrophoretic assembly of electrochemical devices |
| US8071990B2 (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2011-12-06 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelectronic component that emits electromagnetic radiation and illumination module |
| US8202745B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2012-06-19 | Cree, Inc. | Submounts for semiconductor light emitting devices and methods of forming packaged light emitting devices including dispensed encapsulants |
| US8999571B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2015-04-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Batteries and electrodes for use thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-01-20 JP JP63010001A patent/JPH01187778A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0476253U (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-07-03 | ||
| US20110027656A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2011-02-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrophoretic assembly of electrochemical devices |
| US8071990B2 (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2011-12-06 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelectronic component that emits electromagnetic radiation and illumination module |
| US8202745B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2012-06-19 | Cree, Inc. | Submounts for semiconductor light emitting devices and methods of forming packaged light emitting devices including dispensed encapsulants |
| US8999571B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2015-04-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Batteries and electrodes for use thereof |
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