JPH01124859A - Production of photosensitive body - Google Patents
Production of photosensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01124859A JPH01124859A JP28405487A JP28405487A JPH01124859A JP H01124859 A JPH01124859 A JP H01124859A JP 28405487 A JP28405487 A JP 28405487A JP 28405487 A JP28405487 A JP 28405487A JP H01124859 A JPH01124859 A JP H01124859A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- photoreceptor
- coating liquid
- resins
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003997 cyclic ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 80
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- -1 aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C)C(C)=CC=C21 QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKMTVMBEALTRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[a]fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=C21 HKMTVMBEALTRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QKLPIYTUUFFRLV-YTEMWHBBSA-N 1,4-bis[(e)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethenyl]benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1C QKLPIYTUUFFRLV-YTEMWHBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CBJPRTGKMYOVJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-2-(2-phenylethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CBJPRTGKMYOVJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C2C3=CC=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C3C(=O)C2=C1 VHQGURIJMFPBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YGBCLRRWZQSURU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YGBCLRRWZQSURU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFOSRSKYBBSDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFOSRSKYBBSDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006208 butylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M crystal violet Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007760 metering rod coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- CVKIMZDUDFGOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CVKIMZDUDFGOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHADMMAFBAZFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphtho[2,1,8-def]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 QHADMMAFBAZFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical class C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001016 thiazine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001003 triarylmethane dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0525—Coating methods
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
この発明は、浸漬塗布方法によって導電性基体上に感光
層を形成する感光体の製造方法、特に、感光層を電荷発
生層と電荷輸送層とに分離させた機能分離型感光体の製
造方法に関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] This invention relates to a method for producing a photoreceptor in which a photoreceptor layer is formed on a conductive substrate by a dip coating method, and in particular, a method for manufacturing a photoreceptor in which a photoreceptor layer is formed by forming a photoreceptor layer on a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a functionally separated photoreceptor.
［従来技術及びその問題点］
一般に電子写真の方式としては、感光体の感光層表面に
帯電、露光を行って静電潜像を形成し、これを現像剤で
現像して可視化させ、その可視像をそのまま直接感光体
上に定着させて複写像を得る直接方式、また感光体上の
可視像を紙などの転写紙上に転写し、その転写像を定着
させて複写像を得る粉像転写方式あるいは感光体上の静
電潜像を転写紙上に転写し、転写紙上の静電潜像を現像
・定着する潜像転写方式等が知られている。[Prior art and its problems] Generally, in electrophotography, the surface of the photosensitive layer of a photoreceptor is charged and exposed to form an electrostatic latent image, and this is developed with a developer to make it visible. A direct method in which a visible image is directly fixed on a photoreceptor to obtain a copy image, and a powder image method in which a visible image on a photoreceptor is transferred onto a transfer paper such as paper and the transferred image is fixed to obtain a copy image. A transfer method or a latent image transfer method is known in which an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor is transferred onto a transfer paper, and the electrostatic latent image on the transfer paper is developed and fixed.
従来、このような電子写真に使用する感光体において、
感光層を形成する場合には、その光導電性材料として、
セレン、硫化カドミウム、酸化亜鉛等の無機系光導電性
材料を用いることが知られている。Conventionally, in photoreceptors used for such electrophotography,
When forming a photosensitive layer, as the photoconductive material,
It is known to use inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, cadmium sulfide, and zinc oxide.
これらの光導電性材料は、暗所で適当な電位に帯電でき
ること、暗所で電荷の逸散が少ないこと、あるいは光照
射によって速やかに電荷を逸散できることなどの数多く
の利点をもっている反面、次のような各種の欠点を有し
ている。These photoconductive materials have many advantages, such as being able to be charged to an appropriate potential in the dark, having little charge dissipation in the dark, and being able to quickly dissipate charge when irradiated with light. It has various drawbacks such as:
例えば、セレン系感光体では、製造コストが高く、また
熱や機械的な衝撃に弱いため取り提いに注意を要する。For example, selenium-based photoreceptors are expensive to manufacture and are susceptible to heat and mechanical shock, so care must be taken when handling them.
また、硫化カドミウム系感光体では、多漏の環境下で安
定した感度が得られない点や、増感剤として添加した色
素がコロナ帯電による帯電劣化や露光による光退色を生
じるため長期にわたって安定した特性を与えることがで
きない欠点を有している。In addition, cadmium sulfide photoreceptors do not provide stable sensitivity in environments with high leakage, and the dye added as a sensitizer causes charge deterioration due to corona charging and photobleaching due to exposure to light, so it is difficult to obtain stable sensitivity over a long period of time. It has the disadvantage of not being able to provide specific characteristics.
また、従来においては、ポリビニルカルバゾールをはじ
めとする各種の有機光導電性ポリマーを感光層の形成に
用いることも検討されてきた。これらのポリマーは、前
述の無機系光導電性材料に比べて成膜性、軽量性などの
点で優れているが、未だ十分な感度、耐久性および環境
変化による安定性の点で無機系光導電性材料に比べ劣る
という欠点があった。Furthermore, in the past, it has been considered to use various organic photoconductive polymers such as polyvinylcarbazole to form the photosensitive layer. Although these polymers are superior to the aforementioned inorganic photoconductive materials in terms of film formability and light weight, they still lack sufficient sensitivity, durability, and stability against environmental changes. It had the disadvantage that it was inferior to conductive materials.
そこで、これらの感光体における上記のような欠点を解
決するため、近年において種々の研究開発が行われ、導
電性支持体上に電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを積層してな
る機能分離型の積層感光体や、電荷発生機能と電荷輸送
機能を兼ねた光導電層を支持体上に積層してなる単層型
の感光体が提案されるようになった。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of these photoreceptors, various research and developments have been conducted in recent years, and a functionally separated type photoreceptor consisting of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer laminated on a conductive support has been developed. Laminated photoreceptors and single-layer photoreceptors in which a photoconductive layer having both charge generation and charge transport functions is laminated on a support have been proposed.
特に、前者の機能分離型の積層感光体は、感光層の形成
に使用する物質の選択範囲が広く、帯電特性、感度、残
留電位、繰り返し特性、耐刷性等の電子写真特性におい
て、最良の物質を組み合わせることにより高性能な感光
体を提供することができるため、このような感光体が広
く利用されるようになった。In particular, the former function-separated type laminated photoreceptor has a wide selection of materials used to form the photosensitive layer, and has the best electrophotographic properties such as charging characteristics, sensitivity, residual potential, repeatability, and printing durability. Since high-performance photoreceptors can be provided by combining materials, such photoreceptors have come to be widely used.
そして、このような機能分離型積層感光体を製造するに
あたっては、導電性支持体を塗布液中に浸漬させた後、
この塗布液中から引き上げて、塗布液を導電性支持体上
に塗布するという浸漬塗布方法が、生産性および製造コ
スト面で優れているため、一般に用いられている。In manufacturing such a functionally separated laminated photoreceptor, after immersing the conductive support in a coating solution,
A dip coating method in which the coating solution is lifted from the coating solution and applied onto the conductive support is generally used because it is excellent in terms of productivity and manufacturing cost.
このような浸漬塗布方法によって導電性支持体上に感光
層を形成する場合、その膜厚は塗布液の濃度、粘度及び
支持体の引き上げ速度等によって定まり、塗布液の濃度
や粘度が高く、また引き上げ速度が速いはど膜厚が厚く
なることが知られている。ここで、導電性支持体の引き
上げ速度が速すぎると、塗膜が厚くなって乾燥するまで
の時間が長くなり、液だれをおこし、むら、ができたり
、導電性支持体の上部と下部の膜厚の差が大きくなる一
方、導電性支持体の引き上げ速度が遅いと、生産性が悪
く、また乾燥時において、湿度によって生じる白化現象
が起こりやすくなる。When forming a photosensitive layer on a conductive support by such a dip coating method, the film thickness is determined by the concentration and viscosity of the coating solution, the speed of pulling up the support, etc. It is known that the faster the pulling speed, the thicker the film becomes. If the speed at which the conductive support is pulled up is too fast, the coating film will become thick and take a long time to dry, resulting in dripping, unevenness, and If the difference in film thickness increases while the pulling speed of the conductive support is slow, productivity will be poor and whitening caused by humidity will likely occur during drying.
このように、浸漬塗布方法においては、導電性支持体の
上下において膜厚差が出やすく、また乾燥条件等により
液だれや膜厚むらを起こしたり、白化現象が生じたりし
て画像に悪影響を与えるという問題があり、特に、機能
分離型の積層感光体においては、電荷輸送層の塗工精度
が、画像の品質や耐刷性等に大きな影響を与えるため、
その塗布液の種類や支持体の引き上げ速度等が大きな問
題となった。In this way, in the dip coating method, differences in film thickness tend to occur between the upper and lower sides of the conductive support, and depending on the drying conditions, liquid dripping, uneven film thickness, and whitening phenomenon occur, which adversely affects the image. In particular, in functionally separated laminated photoconductors, the coating accuracy of the charge transport layer has a large impact on image quality and printing durability.
The type of coating liquid and the pulling speed of the support became major problems.
このため、従来においても、このような浸漬塗布方法に
おいて使用する塗布液の溶媒や支持体の引き上げ速度等
について種々検討された。For this reason, in the past, various studies have been made regarding the solvent of the coating liquid used in such dip coating methods, the lifting speed of the support, and the like.
例えば、特開昭６２−７５６４０号公報においては、電
荷輸送層を形成する塗布液の溶媒として、ジクロルメタ
ン／シクロヘキサノン混合溶媒を使用することが、特開
昭６２−１８７３５４号公報においては、感光層を形成
する塗布液の溶媒として、芳香族炭化水素および／又は
塩素化芳香族炭化水素及びテトラヒドロフランよりなる
混合溶媒を使用することが、さらに特開昭６２−１８７
３５５号公報においては、感光層を形成する塗布液の溶
媒として、芳香族炭化水素および／又は塩素化芳香族炭
化水素と塩素化脂肪族炭化水素とからなる混合溶媒を使
用することが示されている。For example, in JP-A No. 62-75640, a mixed solvent of dichloromethane/cyclohexanone is used as the solvent for the coating solution forming the charge transport layer, and in JP-A No. 62-187354, the photosensitive layer is It is further disclosed in JP-A-62-187 that a mixed solvent consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon and/or a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon and tetrahydrofuran is used as a solvent for the coating liquid to be formed.
No. 355 discloses the use of an aromatic hydrocarbon and/or a mixed solvent of a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon and a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon as a solvent for a coating solution forming a photosensitive layer. There is.
しかし、塗布液にこれらの溶媒を用いた場合、塗膜を均
一に塗布することについてはある程度の効果が認められ
るが、塗布液に含有させる樹脂に対する溶解性、特に、
電荷輸送層の形成に一般に使用されているポリカーボネ
ートやボリアリレート樹脂に対する溶解性が低く、時間
が経つにつれて塗布液の粘度が増大したり、ゲル化した
りする問題があり、また塩素化脂肪族炭化水素を用いた
ものにおいては、その毒性も問題となった。However, when these solvents are used in the coating solution, they are effective to some extent in uniformly applying the coating film, but the solubility of the resin contained in the coating solution, especially
Polycarbonate and polyarylate resins commonly used to form charge transport layers have low solubility, and there are problems with coating solutions increasing in viscosity and gelling over time, and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Toxicity was also a problem in those using
また、支持体の引き上げ速度については、特開昭６０−
２６３１５７号公報に、１５０μｍ以下の真直度を持つ
円筒体を２０１１Ｉｌ／分〜４００ｍｍ／分の速度で引
き上げて塗膜を形成することが示されている。しかし、
電荷輸送層を形成する場合、引き上げ速度をこの範囲内
にしても均一に塗布することができないことがあり、ま
た塗布液の粘度や濃度が適切でないと、乾燥時に塗膜に
ボイドができたり、不均質な膜が形成されたりするとい
う問題があった。Furthermore, regarding the pulling speed of the support body,
No. 263157 discloses that a cylindrical body having a straightness of 150 μm or less is pulled up at a speed of 2011 Il/min to 400 mm/min to form a coating film. but,
When forming a charge transport layer, even if the pulling speed is within this range, it may not be possible to apply it uniformly, and if the viscosity or concentration of the coating solution is not appropriate, voids may occur in the coating film when drying. There was a problem that a non-uniform film was formed.
この発明は上記のような事情に鑑みなされたものであり
、浸漬塗布方法によって支持体上に感光層を形成するに
あたり、特に機能分離型の積層感光体において電荷輸送
層を形成するにあたり、その塗布液として安定性等に優
れかつ適当な粘度を持つものを使用すると共に、塗布液
からめ支持体の引き上げ速度を調整し、支持体の上下に
おける膜厚差等を少なくし、高品質な画像が得られる感
光体の製造方法の提供を目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is particularly useful when forming a photosensitive layer on a support by a dip coating method, especially when forming a charge transport layer in a functionally separated laminated photoreceptor. In addition to using a liquid with excellent stability and appropriate viscosity, the speed at which the support is pulled up from the coating liquid is adjusted to reduce the difference in film thickness between the top and bottom of the support, resulting in high-quality images. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a photoreceptor.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
この発明に係る感光体の製造方法においては、浸漬塗布
方法によって支持体上に感光層を、特に、機能分離型の
積層感光体において電荷輸送層を形成するにあたり、そ
の塗布液に使用する有機溶剤として、環状エーテル系溶
剤および環状ケトン系溶剤のなかの少なくとも２種類の
溶剤を混合させたものを用い、上記塗布液の粘度が２５
０〜５００ｃｐｓとなるように調整すると共に、この塗
布液からの引き上げ速度を３０〜８０龍／分にして感光
層を形成するようにしたのである。[Means for Solving the Problems] In the method for producing a photoreceptor according to the present invention, a photosensitive layer is formed on a support by a dip coating method, in particular, a charge transport layer is formed in a functionally separated laminated photoreceptor. In this case, the organic solvent used in the coating liquid is a mixture of at least two types of solvents selected from a cyclic ether solvent and a cyclic ketone solvent, and the viscosity of the coating liquid is 25%.
The photosensitive layer was formed by adjusting the speed to be 0 to 500 cps and at a rate of 30 to 80 cps per minute.
ここで、塗布液の溶剤に使用する環状エーテル系溶剤と
しては、１，４−ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジ
オキソラン、４−メチルジオキソラン、ジメチルジオキ
サン、２−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルフラン
、フルフラール等を使用し、また環状ケトン系溶剤とし
ては、シクロペンノン、シクロペンタノン、メチルシク
ロヘキサノン等を使用する。Here, as the cyclic ether solvent used as the solvent of the coating solution, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, dimethyldioxane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylfuran, furfural, etc. are used. As the cyclic ketone solvent, cyclopenone, cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone, etc. are used.
そして、塗布液にこれらの溶剤の中から２種以上の溶剤
を混合させた混合溶剤を用いると、電荷輸送物質や樹脂
等に対する溶解性が著しく向上し、塗布液の粘度安定性
が良好なものとなり、長く保存した場合においても、塗
布液の粘度がほとんど変化するということがない。When a mixed solvent containing two or more of these solvents is used in the coating solution, the solubility of charge transport substances, resins, etc. is significantly improved, and the viscosity stability of the coating solution is improved. Therefore, even when stored for a long time, the viscosity of the coating liquid hardly changes.
また、このような溶媒を用いた塗布液の粘度を２５０〜
５００ｃｐｓとなるように調整すると共に、この塗布液
から引き上げ速度を３０〜８０龍／分にして支持体を引
き上げるようにすると、支持体上に均一な膜厚を持つ感
光層が形成され、感光体における画像安定性や耐刷性が
向上されるようになると共に、レーザープリンター等に
おいて反転現像する場合に生じる白紙部での黒斑点等が
抑制されるようになる。In addition, the viscosity of the coating liquid using such a solvent is 250~
By adjusting the speed to 500 cps and pulling the support from this coating solution at a pulling rate of 30 to 80/min, a photosensitive layer with a uniform thickness is formed on the support, and the photoreceptor Image stability and printing durability are improved, and black spots and the like on blank areas that occur when reverse development is performed in a laser printer or the like are suppressed.
ここで、塗布液の粘度を２５０〜５００ｃｐｓとなるよ
うに゛調整するのは、その粘度が２５０ｃｐｓより低い
と、支持体を引き上げた際における液だれが大きく、支
持体の上部と下部とにおける膜厚差が大きくなる一方、
その粘度が５００ｃｐｓより高いと、塗布スピードが遅
くなりすぎ、乾燥むらを生じたり、塗膜にボイドが発生
したりして画像欠損が生じやすくなるためである。The reason why the viscosity of the coating solution is adjusted to 250 to 500 cps is because if the viscosity is lower than 250 cps, there will be a large amount of liquid dripping when the support is pulled up. While the thickness difference increases,
If the viscosity is higher than 500 cps, the coating speed becomes too slow, causing uneven drying, voids in the coating film, and image defects.
次に、この発明に基づき、導電性支持体上に電荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とを積層してなる機能分離型の積層感光体
を製造する場合について説明する。Next, based on the present invention, a case will be described in which a functionally separated type laminated photoreceptor is manufactured by laminating a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support.
ここで、この感光体に用いられる導電性支持体としては
、銅、アルミニウム、銀、鉄、ニッケル等の箔ないしは
板をシート状又はドラム状にしたものや、これらの金属
をプラスチックフィルム等に真空蒸着、無電解メツキ等
によって付着させたもの、あるいは導電性ポリマー、酸
化インジウム、酸化スズなどの導電性化合物の層を同じ
く紙あるいはプラスチックフィルムなどの支持体上に塗
布もしくは蒸着によって形成したもの等を使用する。Here, the conductive support used for this photoreceptor may be a foil or plate made of copper, aluminum, silver, iron, nickel, etc. in the form of a sheet or drum, or a plastic film or the like made of these metals by vacuum coating. Those attached by vapor deposition, electroless plating, etc., or those formed by coating or vapor deposition on a support such as paper or plastic film with a layer of a conductive compound such as a conductive polymer, indium oxide, or tin oxide. use.
そして、このような導電性支持体上に電荷発生層を形成
するにあたっては、電荷発生材料を導電性支持体上に蒸
着やプラズマ重合によって付着させたり、樹脂を溶解さ
せた溶液中に電荷発生材料を分散させ、この分散液を導
電性支持体上に塗布し□、乾燥させて形成する。なお、
この電荷発生層の形成にあたっては、その膜厚が０．０
１〜２μｍ、好ましくは０．１〜１μｍなるようにする
。When forming a charge generating layer on such a conductive support, the charge generating material is deposited on the conductive support by vapor deposition or plasma polymerization, or the charge generating material is added to a solution in which a resin is dissolved. This dispersion is coated on a conductive support and dried. In addition,
When forming this charge generation layer, the film thickness is 0.0
The thickness should be 1 to 2 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm.
ここで、電荷発生層に用いる電荷発生材料としては、例
えば、ビスアゾ系顔料、トリアリールメタン系染料、チ
アジン系染料、オキサジン系染料、キサンチン系染料、
シアニン系色素。Here, examples of the charge generation material used in the charge generation layer include bisazo pigments, triarylmethane dyes, thiazine dyes, oxazine dyes, xanthine dyes,
Cyanine pigment.
スチリル系色素、ビリリウム系染料、アゾ系顔料、キア
クリドン系顔料、インジゴ系顔料、ペリレン系顔料、多
環キノン系顔料、ビスベンズイミダゾール系顔料、イン
ダスロン系顔料、スクア、リリウム系顔料、フタロシア
ニン系顔料等の有機系顔料及び染料や、セレン、セレン
ーヒ素、セレン−テルル、［化カドミウム、酸化亜鉛、
酸化チタン、アモルファスシリコン等の無機材料を使用
することができる。Styryl dyes, biryllium dyes, azo pigments, chiacridone pigments, indigo pigments, perylene pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, induthrone pigments, Squa, lyllium pigments, phthalocyanine pigments Organic pigments and dyes such as selenium, selenium-arsenic, selenium-tellurium, [cadmium oxide, zinc oxide,
Inorganic materials such as titanium oxide and amorphous silicon can be used.
また、このような電荷発生材料とともに使用する樹脂と
しては、例えば、飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹
脂、アクリル樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、イ
オン架橋オレフィン共重合体（アイオノマー）、スチレ
ン−ブタジェンブロック共重合体、ボリアリレート、ポ
リカーボネート、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、セ
ルロースエステル、ポリイミド、スチロール樹脂等の熱
可塑性結着剤、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、シリコー
ン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、キシレン樹脂
、アルキッド樹脂、熱硬化性アクリル樹脂等の熱硬化結
着剤、光硬化性樹脂、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾール、
ポリビニルピレン、ポリビニルアントラセン等の光導電
性樹脂を使用することができる。In addition, examples of resins used with such charge generating materials include saturated polyester resins, polyamide resins, acrylic resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ionically crosslinked olefin copolymers (ionomers), and styrene-butadiene blocks. Copolymers, polyarylates, polycarbonates, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, cellulose esters, polyimides, thermoplastic binders such as styrene resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, xylene resins , alkyd resin, thermosetting binder such as thermosetting acrylic resin, photocurable resin, poly-N-vinylcarbazole,
Photoconductive resins such as polyvinylpyrene and polyvinylanthracene can be used.
そして、上記のような電荷発生材料と樹脂とを、メタノ
ール、エタノール、イソプロパツール等のアルコール類
、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等
のケトン類、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミド、Ｎ、Ｎ−
ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド類、ジメチルスルホキ
シド等のスルホキシド類、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキ
サン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のエー
テル類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル等のエステル類、クロ
ロホルム、塩化メチレン、ジクロルエチレン、四塩化炭
素、トリクロルエチレン等の脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素
類あるいはベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、リグロイン
、モノクロルベンゼン、ジクロルベンゼン等の芳香族類
等の有機溶剤に分散あるいは溶解させ、これを導電性支
持体上に塗布し、乾燥させて、電荷発生層を形成する。Then, the charge generating material and resin as described above are mixed with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-
Amides such as dimethylacetamide, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, Disperse or dissolve in an organic solvent such as aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene or aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ligroin, monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and apply this onto a conductive support. and drying to form a charge generating layer.
ここで、この塗布方法としては、浸漬コーティング法、
スプレーコーティング法、スピナーコーティング法、ブ
レードコーティング法、ローラーコーティング法、マイ
ヤーバーコーティング法等の色々なコーティング法を用
いることができる。Here, this application method includes dip coating method,
Various coating methods can be used, such as spray coating, spinner coating, blade coating, roller coating, and Meyer bar coating.
次に、電荷輸送材料とバインダー樹脂とを、環状エーテ
ル系溶剤および環状ケトン系溶剤のなかの少なくとも２
種類の溶剤を混合させた混合溶剤に溶解させ、この塗布
液の粘度を２５０〜５００ｃｐｓとなるように調整する
。そして、電荷発生層が形成された導電性支持体をこの
塗布液中に浸漬させ、塗布液からの引き上げ速度を３０
〜８０■■／分にして引き上げ、この塗布液を上記電荷
発生層上に塗布し、乾燥させて電荷輸送層を形成する。Next, the charge transport material and the binder resin are mixed with at least two solvents selected from a cyclic ether solvent and a cyclic ketone solvent.
The viscosity of the coating solution is adjusted to 250 to 500 cps. Then, the conductive support on which the charge generation layer was formed was immersed in this coating solution, and the rate of lifting from the coating solution was set at 30°C.
The coating solution is applied onto the charge generation layer and dried to form a charge transport layer.
この場合、電荷輸送層の膜厚は３〜４０μｍ、好ましく
は５〜２５μｍとする。また、電荷輸送層中の電荷輸送
材料の含有量は、バインダー樹脂１重量部に対して０．
０２〜２重量部、好ましくは０．５〜１．２重量部とす
る。ただし、電荷輸送材料自身がバインダーとして使用
できる高分子電荷輸送材料の場合は、他のバインダー樹
脂を用いる必要はない。In this case, the thickness of the charge transport layer is 3 to 40 μm, preferably 5 to 25 μm. Further, the content of the charge transporting material in the charge transporting layer is 0.0% per 1 part by weight of the binder resin.
02 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 parts by weight. However, if the charge transport material itself is a polymeric charge transport material that can be used as a binder, there is no need to use another binder resin.
ここで、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する電荷輸送材料とし
ては、ヒドラゾン化合物、ビラゾリン化合物、スチリル
化合物、トリフェニルメタン化合物、オキサジアゾール
化合物、カルバゾール化合物、スチルベン化合物、エナ
ミン化合物、オキサゾール化合物、トリフェニルアミン
化合物、テトラフェニルベンジジン化合物、アジン化合
物等の色々なものを使用することができ、例えば、カル
バゾール、Ｎ−エチルカルバゾール、Ｎ−ビニルカルバ
ゾール、Ｎ−フェニルカルバゾール、テトラセン、クリ
セン、ピレン、ペリレン、２−フェニルナフタレン、ア
ザピレン、２．３−ベンゾクリセン、３，４−ベンゾピ
レン、フルオレン、１．２−ベンゾフルオレン、４−（
２−フルオレニルアゾ）レゾルシノール、２−ｐ−アニ
ソールアミノフルオレン、ｐ−ジエチルアミノアゾベン
ゼン、カシオン、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−フェニルアゾ
アニリン、ｐ−（ジメチルアミノ）スチルベン、１，４
−ビス（２−メチルスチリル）ベンゼン、９−（４−ジ
エチルアミノスチリル）アントラセン、２，５−ビス（
４−ジエチルアミノフェニル）−１，３，５−オキサジ
アゾール、１−フェニル−３−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノス
チリル）−５−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノフェニル）ピラゾ
リン、１−フェニル−３−フェニル−５−ピラゾロン、
２−（鳳−ナフチル）−３−フェニルオキサゾール、２
−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノスチリル）−６−ジニチルアミ
ノベンズオキサゾール、２−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノスチ
リル）−６−ジニチルアミノベンゾチアゾール、ビス（
４−ジエチルアミノ−２−メチルフェニル）フェニルメ
タン、１，１−ビス（４−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジエチルアミノ−２
−エチルフェニル）へブタン、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒド
ラジノ−３−メチリデン−１０−エチルフェノキサジン
、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒドラジノ−３−メチリデン−１
０−エチルフェノチアジン、１，１，２．２−テトラキ
ス−＜ ４−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジエチルアミノ−２−エチルフェ
ニル）エタン、ｐ−ジエチルアミノベンズアルデヒド−
Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒドラゾン、ｐ−ジフェニルアミノ
ベンズアルデヒド−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒドラゾン、Ｎ
−エチルカルバゾール−Ｎ−メチル−Ｎ−フェニルヒド
ラゾン、ｐ−ジエチルアミノベンズアルデヒド−Ｎ−ａ
−ナフチル−Ｎ−フェニルヒドラゾン、Ｐ−ジエチルア
ミノベンズアルデヒド−３−メチルベンズチアゾリノン
−２−ヒドラゾン、２−メチル−４−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニ
ルアミノ−β〜フェニルスチルベン、−フェニル−４−
Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルアミノスチルベン等の電荷輸送物質
を、単独または２種以上混合して使用する。Here, the charge transport material used for forming the charge transport layer includes a hydrazone compound, a virazoline compound, a styryl compound, a triphenylmethane compound, an oxadiazole compound, a carbazole compound, a stilbene compound, an enamine compound, an oxazole compound, and a triphenyl compound. Various compounds such as amine compounds, tetraphenylbenzidine compounds, and azine compounds can be used, such as carbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-phenylcarbazole, tetracene, chrysene, pyrene, perylene, -Phenylnaphthalene, azapyrene, 2,3-benzochrysene, 3,4-benzopyrene, fluorene, 1,2-benzofluorene, 4-(
2-fluorenylazo)resorcinol, 2-p-anisoleaminofluorene, p-diethylaminoazobenzene, cation, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylazoaniline, p-(dimethylamino)stilbene, 1,4
-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene, 9-(4-diethylaminostyryl)anthracene, 2,5-bis(
4-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-oxadiazole, 1-phenyl-3-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-5-(p-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-phenyl-3-phenyl-5-pyrazolone ,
2-(Otori-naphthyl)-3-phenyloxazole, 2
-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-6-dinithylaminobenzoxazole, 2-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-6-dinithylaminobenzothiazole, bis(
4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)phenylmethane, 1,1-bis(4-N,N-diethylamino-2
-ethylphenyl)hebutane, N,N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-10-ethylphenoxazine, N,N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-1
0-Ethylphenothiazine, 1,1,2.2-tetrakis-<4-N,N-diethylamino-2-ethylphenyl)ethane, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-
N, N-diphenylhydrazone, p-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone, N
-Ethylcarbazole-N-methyl-N-phenylhydrazone, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N-a
-Naphthyl-N-phenylhydrazone, P-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-3-methylbenzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone, 2-methyl-4-N,N-diphenylamino-β~phenylstilbene, -phenyl-4-
Charge transport substances such as N,N-diphenylaminostilbene are used alone or in combination of two or more.
一方、電荷輸送層の形成に使用するバインダー樹脂とし
ては、電気絶縁性であり、それ自体公知の熱可塑性樹脂
、熱硬化性樹脂、光硬化性樹脂及び光導電性樹脂等を使
用することができる。ここで、適当なバインダー樹脂と
しては、特にこれらに限定されるものではないが、例え
ば、飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂。On the other hand, as the binder resin used to form the charge transport layer, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, photocurable resins, photoconductive resins, etc. which are electrically insulating and known per se can be used. . Here, suitable binder resins include, but are not particularly limited to, saturated polyester resins and polyamide resins.
アクリル樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、イオン
架橋オレフィン共重合体（アイオノマー）、スチレン−
ブタジェンブロック共重合体、ボリアリレート、ポリカ
ーボネート、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、セルロ
ースエステル、ポリイミド、スチロール樹脂等の熱可塑
性結着剤、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、シリコーン樹
脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂。Acrylic resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionically crosslinked olefin copolymer (ionomer), styrene-
Thermoplastic binders such as butadiene block copolymers, polyarylates, polycarbonates, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, cellulose esters, polyimides, styrene resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins .
キシレン樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、熱硬化性アクリル樹脂
等の熱硬化結着剤、光硬化性樹脂、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルカ
ルバゾール、ポリビニルピレン、ポリビニルアントラセ
ン等の光導電性樹脂等がある。なお、これらのバインダ
ー樹脂は、単独で、または組み合わせて使用することが
でき、またこれらの電気絶縁性は、単独で測定してｌＸ
１ＯＬ２Ω・１以上の体積抵抗率を有することが望まし
い、より好ましいバインダー樹脂としてはポリエステル
樹脂、ポリカーボネート、アクリル樹脂である。Examples include thermosetting binders such as xylene resins, alkyd resins, and thermosetting acrylic resins, photocurable resins, and photoconductive resins such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, and polyvinylanthracene. These binder resins can be used alone or in combination, and the electrical insulation properties of these binder resins are 1X when measured alone.
More preferable binder resins, which preferably have a volume resistivity of 1OL2Ω·1 or more, are polyester resins, polycarbonates, and acrylic resins.
また、このようなバインダー樹脂とともにハロゲン化ノ
５ラフイン、ポリ塩化ビフェニル、ジメチルナフタレン
、ジブチルフタレート、０−ターフェニル等の可塑剤、
クロラニル、テトラシアノエチレン、２，４．７− ト
リニトロ−９−フルオレノン、５．６−ジシアツベンゾ
キノン、テトラシアノキノジメタン、テトラクロル無水
フタル酸、３．５−ジニトロ安息香酸等の電子吸引性増
−感剤、メチルバイオレット、ローダミンＢ、シアニン
染料、ピリリウム塩、チアピリリウム塩等の増感剤を使
用してもよい。In addition, along with such a binder resin, a plasticizer such as halogenated roughin, polychlorinated biphenyl, dimethylnaphthalene, dibutyl phthalate, or 0-terphenyl,
Increased electron-withdrawing properties such as chloranil, tetracyanoethylene, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 5,6-dicyazbenzoquinone, tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, etc. - Sensitizers such as sensitizers, methyl violet, rhodamine B, cyanine dyes, pyrylium salts, thiapyrylium salts, etc. may be used.
なお、上記の機能分離型の積層感光体においては、導電
性支持体上に電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の順に感光層を積
層したが、導電性支持体上に電荷輸送層を形成し、その
上に電荷発生層を積層した構成のものであってもよい。Note that in the functionally separated laminated photoreceptor described above, the photosensitive layer is laminated in the order of the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer on the conductive support, but the charge transport layer is formed on the conductive support, and the charge transport layer is formed on the conductive support. It may also have a structure in which a charge generation layer is laminated thereon.
また、以上のようにして得られる感光体においては、導
電性支持体と感光層との間に中間層を、感光層の表面に
表面保護層を設けることができる。Further, in the photoreceptor obtained as described above, an intermediate layer can be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, and a surface protective layer can be provided on the surface of the photosensitive layer.
ここで、中間層に用いられる材料としては、ポリイミド
、ポリアミド、ニトロセルロース、ポリビニルブチラー
ル、ポリビニルアルコール等のポリマーをそのまま、ま
たは酸化スズや酸化インジュウム等の低抵抗化合物を分
散させたもの、酸化アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ケイ
素等の蒸着膜等が適当である。なお、この中間層は、そ
の膜厚が１μｍ以下になるように形成することが望まし
い。Here, the materials used for the intermediate layer include polymers such as polyimide, polyamide, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl alcohol as they are, or those in which low-resistance compounds such as tin oxide and indium oxide are dispersed, aluminum oxide, Vapor deposited films of zinc oxide, silicon oxide, etc. are suitable. Note that this intermediate layer is desirably formed so as to have a thickness of 1 μm or less.
また、表面保護層に用いる材料としては、アクリル樹脂
、ポリアリール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ウレタン
樹脂等のポリマーをそのまま、または酸化スズや酸化イ
ンジュウム等の低抵抗化合物を分散させたもの等が適当
である。Suitable materials for the surface protective layer include polymers such as acrylic resins, polyaryl resins, polycarbonate resins, and urethane resins as they are, or those in which low-resistance compounds such as tin oxide and indium oxide are dispersed.
また、有機プラズマ重合膜も使用でき、この有機プラズ
マ重合膜には、必要に応じて酸素、窒素、ハロゲン、周
期律表の第３族、第５族原子を含めることも可能である
。Further, an organic plasma polymerized film can also be used, and this organic plasma polymerized film can contain oxygen, nitrogen, halogen, and atoms of Group 3 and Group 5 of the periodic table, if necessary.
なお、表面保護層の膜厚は、５μｍ以下が望ましい。Note that the thickness of the surface protective layer is preferably 5 μm or less.
［実施例］
まず、この発明に係る感光体の製造方法を実施するのに
使用する塗布装置の一例及びその使用方法を第１図に基
づいて説明する。[Example] First, an example of a coating device used to carry out the method of manufacturing a photoreceptor according to the present invention and a method of using the same will be described with reference to FIG.
この塗布装置においては、第１図に示すように、円筒状
の支持体、（１）を適当な支持手段（図示せず）によっ
て浸漬槽（２）上に保持するようになっている。In this coating apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical support (1) is held on a dipping tank (2) by suitable support means (not shown).
そして、浸漬槽（２）内には、上記円筒状の支持体（１
）に塗布する塗布液（３）が収納されている。この塗布
液（３）は、前記のようにその有機溶剤として、環状エ
ーテル系溶剤および環状ケトン系溶剤のなかの少なくと
も２種類の溶剤を混合させたものが用いられ、その粘度
が２５０〜５００ｃｐｓとなるように調整されている。In the immersion tank (2), the cylindrical support body (1
) contains a coating liquid (3) to be applied to the surface. As mentioned above, this coating liquid (3) uses a mixture of at least two types of solvents among a cyclic ether solvent and a cyclic ketone solvent as its organic solvent, and has a viscosity of 250 to 500 cps. It has been adjusted to be.
また、この浸漬槽（２）の上部外周には、オーバーフロ
ー受は部（４）が設けられており、上記円筒状の支持体
（１）を浸漬槽（２）内に浸漬させた場合に、浸漬槽（
２）からオーバーフローした塗布液（３）を収容させる
よう−になっている。Further, an overflow receiver (4) is provided on the outer periphery of the upper part of the immersion tank (2), so that when the cylindrical support (1) is immersed in the immersion tank (2), Immersion tank (
The coating liquid (3) overflowing from the coating liquid (3) is stored therein.
一方、浸漬槽（２）の底部には、塗布液（３）を供給す
るためのノズル（５）が設けられており、このノズル（
５）は、パイプ（６）によってポンプ（８）、フィルタ
ー（９）及びバルブ（１０）を介してオーバーフロー受
は部（４）の底部に設けられた排出口（７）に接続され
ている。On the other hand, a nozzle (5) for supplying the coating liquid (3) is provided at the bottom of the dipping tank (2).
5) is connected by a pipe (6) via a pump (8), a filter (9) and a valve (10) to an overflow receiver (7) provided at the bottom of the section (4).
そして、上記のように浸漬槽（２）からオーバーフロー
受は部（４）に流出した塗布液（３）を、ポンプ（８）
によってフィルター（９）に導き、流出した塗布液（３
）中に混在するゴミ等を取り除′いた後、ノズル（５）
から再び浸漬槽（２）へ供給するようになっている。Then, the coating liquid (3) flowing out from the dipping tank (2) into the overflow receiving part (4) as described above is pumped into the pump (8).
to the filter (9), and the flowing out coating liquid (3
) After removing the dirt mixed in the nozzle (5)
The water is then supplied to the dipping tank (2) again.
次に、このような塗布装置を用いて、上記の円筒状の支
持体（１）上に塗布液（３）を塗布し、感光層を形成す
るにあたっては、前記支持手段によって、この支持体（
１）を塗布液（３）が収容された浸漬槽（２）内に浸漬
させた後、この塗布液（３）から支持体（１）を３０〜
８０龍／分の引き上げ速度で引き上げて、この支持体（
１）上に塗布液（３）を塗布し、これを乾燥させて感光
層を形成する。Next, when applying the coating liquid (3) onto the cylindrical support (1) using such a coating device to form a photosensitive layer, the support means (
1) is immersed in a dipping tank (2) containing a coating liquid (3), and then the support (1) is immersed in the coating liquid (3) for 30 to 30 minutes.
This support (
1) Coating liquid (3) is applied on top and dried to form a photosensitive layer.
ここで、上記円筒状の支持体（１）としては、特にアル
ミニウムドラムが適している。なお、この円筒状の支持
体（１）は、その両側が開口したものであっても、片側
だけが開口したものであってもよい。Here, an aluminum drum is particularly suitable as the cylindrical support (1). Note that this cylindrical support (1) may be open on both sides or may be open on only one side.
また、この発明において使用する支持体は、このような
円筒状のものに限られず、シート状や板状のものも使用
することができる。Further, the support used in the present invention is not limited to such a cylindrical support, and sheet-like or plate-like supports can also be used.
次に、この発明に基づいて感光体を製造した具体的な実
施例について説明すると共に、比較例を示してこの発明
の実施例のものが優れてい゛ることを明らかにする。Next, specific examples in which photoreceptors were manufactured based on the present invention will be described, and comparative examples will be shown to clarify that the examples of the present invention are superior.
及１乱り
この実施例においては、支持体としてアルマイト処理を
施した外径８０ｍｍ 、長さ３５０ｍｍのアルミニウム
ドラムを用いるようにした。In this example, an alumite-treated aluminum drum having an outer diameter of 80 mm and a length of 350 mm was used as the support.
そして、電荷発生材料としてτ型無金属フタロシアニン
を用い、このτ型態金属フタロシアニン帆４５重量部と
、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂（アセチル化度３モル％以
下、ブチル化度６８モル％、重合度１５００） ０．４
５重量部と、シクロへキサノン１００重量部とをサンド
グライダ−を用いて分散させ、この分散液を上記のアル
ミニウムドラム上に浸漬塗布させ、このアルミニウムド
ラム上に０．３ｇ／♂の電荷発生層を形成した。Then, τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine was used as a charge-generating material, and 45 parts by weight of this τ-type metal phthalocyanine and polyvinyl butyral resin (degree of acetylation: 3 mol% or less, degree of butylation: 68 mol%, degree of polymerization: 1500) .4
5 parts by weight of cyclohexanone and 100 parts by weight of cyclohexanone were dispersed using a sand glider, and this dispersion was applied by dip coating onto the above aluminum drum, and a charge generation layer of 0.3 g/m was formed on the aluminum drum. was formed.
次に、この電荷発生層上に電荷輸送層を形成するにあた
っては、下記の構造式Ｉに示すようなヒドラゾン化合物
を用いるようにした。Next, in forming a charge transport layer on this charge generation layer, a hydrazone compound as shown in Structural Formula I below was used.
そして、上記ヒドラゾン化合物７０重量部と、ポリカー
ボネート樹脂に−１３００（帝人化成■製）７０重量部
とを、１．４−ジオキサンとシクロヘキサノンとを７＝
３で混合させた混合溶剤に溶解させ、粘度が３５０ｃｐ
ｓになった塗布液を調整した。Then, 70 parts by weight of the above hydrazone compound, 70 parts by weight of -1300 (manufactured by Teijin Kasei ■) in polycarbonate resin, and 7=70 parts by weight of 1,4-dioxane and cyclohexanone.
Dissolve in the mixed solvent mixed in step 3, and the viscosity is 350 cp.
A coating solution of s was prepared.
次いで、この塗布液内に電荷発生層が形成されたアルミ
ニウムドラムを浸漬させ、このアルミニウムドラムを５
０龍／分の引き上げ速度で引き上げ、電荷発生層上にこ
の塗布液を塗布し、これを乾燥させて膜厚が１８μｍの
電荷輸送層を形成した。Next, the aluminum drum on which the charge generation layer was formed was immersed in this coating solution, and the aluminum drum was heated for 5 minutes.
The coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by pulling up at a pulling rate of 0/min, and was dried to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 18 μm.
このようにして、アルミニウムドラム上に電荷発生層と
電荷輸送層とが積層された機能分離型の積層感光体を得
た。In this way, a functionally separated laminated photoreceptor was obtained, in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were laminated on an aluminum drum.
１１１１ヱ［
これらの実施例においては、上記実施例１において、電
荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗布液の粘度及びアルミニウ
ムドラムを塗布液から引き上げる引き上げ速度を下記の
第１表に示すように変更し、それ以外は上記実施例１と
同じ方法で感光体を作製するようにした。1111ヱ [In these Examples, in Example 1 above, the viscosity of the coating liquid used to form the charge transport layer and the pulling speed at which the aluminum drum was lifted from the coating liquid were changed as shown in Table 1 below. The photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
これらの比較例においても、上記実施例１において、電
荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗布液の粘度及びアルミニウ
ムドラムを塗布液から引き上げる引き上げ速度を下記の
第２表に示すように変更しただけで、それ以外は上記実
施例１と同じ方法で感光体を作製するようにした。In these comparative examples, the viscosity of the coating liquid used to form the charge transport layer and the pulling speed for lifting the aluminum drum from the coating liquid in Example 1 were changed as shown in Table 2 below. Other than that, the photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above.
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、１．４−ジオキサンのみを使用する
ようにし、それ以外は実施例１の場合と同様にして感光
体を作製した。In this comparative example, a photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only 1,4-dioxane was used as a solvent in the coating solution used to form the charge transport layer.
Ｌ艷１Σ
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、シクロヘキサノンのみを使用するよ
うにし、それ以外は実施例１の場合と同様にして感光体
を作製した。In this comparative example, a photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only cyclohexanone was used as the solvent for the coating liquid used to form the charge transport layer.
肛１１［
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、ジクロルメタンとシクロへキサノン
９：１の混合溶剤を用いるようにし、それ以外は実施例
１の場合と同様にして感光体を作製した。11 [In this comparative example, a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and cyclohexanone in a ratio of 9:1 was used as the solvent for the coating solution used to form the charge transport layer, and the other procedures were the same as in Example 1. A photoreceptor was prepared.
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、ジクロルエタンのみを用いるように
し、それ以外は実施例１の場合と同様にして感光体を作
製した。In this comparative example, a photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only dichloroethane was used as the solvent for the coating liquid used to form the charge transport layer.
ｔ１１影
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、クロルベンゼンとテトラヒドロフラ
ンの１＝１の混合溶剤を用いるようにし、それ以外は実
施例１の場合と同様にして感光体を作製した。t11 Shadow In this comparative example, a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and tetrahydrofuran (1=1) was used as the solvent for the coating solution used to form the charge transport layer, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. A photoreceptor was produced.
え１１Ｌ
この比較例においては、電荷輸送層の形成に使用する塗
布液の溶剤として、クロルベンゼンとジクロルエタンの
１＝１の混合溶剤を用いるようにし、それ以外は実施例
１の場合と同様にして感光体を作製した。E11L In this comparative example, a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and dichloroethane (1=1) was used as the solvent for the coating liquid used to form the charge transport layer, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. A photoreceptor was produced.
え１」Ｌ
この実施例においても、支持体として外径８０ｍｎ＋、
長さ３５０ｍｍのアルミニウムドラムを用いるようにし
た。E1"L Also in this example, the outer diameter is 80 mm + as a support,
An aluminum drum with a length of 350 mm was used.
、そして、このアルミニウムドラム上に電荷発生層を形
成するにあたっては、電荷発生材料として下記の構造式
■で示されるジスアゾ顔料を用いるようにした。In forming a charge generation layer on this aluminum drum, a disazo pigment represented by the following structural formula (2) was used as a charge generation material.
（ｎ）
そして、こりジスアゾ顔料０．４５重量部と、ポリエス
テル樹脂（バイロン２００東洋紡績■製）０．４５重量
部とをシクロへキサノン５０重量部とともにサンドグラ
イダ−を用いて分散させ、この分散液を上記のアルミニ
ウムドラム上に浸漬塗布させ、このアルミニウムドラム
上に０．３ｇ／♂の電荷発生層を形成した。(n) Then, 0.45 parts by weight of the hard disazo pigment and 0.45 parts by weight of polyester resin (Byron 200 manufactured by Toyobo ■) were dispersed together with 50 parts by weight of cyclohexanone using a sand glider. The solution was dip-coated onto the aluminum drum to form a charge generation layer of 0.3 g/male on the aluminum drum.
次に、この電荷発生層上に電荷輸送層を形成するにあた
っては、下記の轡造弐■に示すようなスチリル化合物を
用いるようにし−た。Next, in forming a charge transport layer on this charge generation layer, a styryl compound as shown in Form 2 below was used.
そして、このスチリル化合物６０重量部と、数平均分子
量が２４０００のポリカーボネイト樹脂３０重量部と、
数平均分子量が４５０００のポリカーボネイト樹脂４０
重量部とを、１，４−ジオキサンとＴＨＦとを４＝１の
割合で混合させた混合溶剤に溶解させて、粘度が３８０
ｃｐｓになった塗布液を調整した０次いで、との塗布液
内に電荷発生層が形成されたアルミニウムドラムを浸漬
させ、このアルミニウムドラムを４５１／分の引き上げ
速度で引き上げ、電荷発生層上にこの塗布液を塗布し、
これを乾燥させて膜厚が２０μｍの電荷輸送層を形成し
た。Then, 60 parts by weight of this styryl compound, 30 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin having a number average molecular weight of 24,000,
Polycarbonate resin 40 with a number average molecular weight of 45,000
Part by weight is dissolved in a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane and THF in a ratio of 4=1, and the viscosity is 380.
The aluminum drum on which the charge generation layer was formed was immersed in the CPS coating solution, and the aluminum drum on which the charge generation layer was formed was pulled up at a pulling speed of 451/min. Apply the coating liquid,
This was dried to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm.
このようにして、アルミニウムドラム上に電・荷発生層
と電荷輸送層とが積層された機能分離型の積層感光体を
得た。In this way, a functionally separated laminated photoreceptor was obtained, in which a charge/charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were laminated on an aluminum drum.
火」１１旦二」２１
これらの実施例では、上記実施例７における電荷輸送層
の形成にあたり、その塗布液に使用する混合溶剤の１．
４−ジオキサンとＴＨＦとの割合を下記のように変更し
ただけであり、それ以外は実施例７と同様して感光体を
作製した。Tue'11dan2'21 In these Examples, 1.
A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the ratio of 4-dioxane and THF was changed as shown below.
ここで、これらの実施例においては、上記塗布液の混合
溶剤として１，４−ジオキサンとＴＨＦとの混合比を、
実施例８では３：２．実施例９では１：１．実施例１０
では２：３．実施例１１では１：４にしたものを用いた
。Here, in these Examples, the mixing ratio of 1,4-dioxane and THF as the mixed solvent of the coating solution was
In Example 8, the ratio was 3:2. In Example 9, the ratio was 1:1. Example 10
So 2:3. In Example 11, a ratio of 1:4 was used.
次に、以上のようにして得られた各感光体を、ミノルタ
カメラ■製の電子写真複写機ＥＰ４７０Ｚに使用し、−
６ＫＶでコロナ帯電させ、各感光体体における画像評価
を行った。Next, each photoconductor obtained as described above was used in an electrophotographic copying machine EP470Z manufactured by Minolta Camera ■, and -
Corona charging was performed at 6 KV, and image evaluation was performed on each photoreceptor.
また、これらの各感光体について、各感光体の上下にお
ける膜厚の差（両端より２ＣＩｌ離れた部分における膜
厚の差）、電荷輸送層に用いた各塗布液の塗布性及びこ
れらの各塗布液を１ケ月保存した場合の塗液保存性につ
いても評価した。In addition, for each of these photoconductors, the difference in film thickness between the top and bottom of each photoconductor (difference in film thickness at the part 2 CIl away from both ends), the coating properties of each coating liquid used for the charge transport layer, and each of these coatings. The storage stability of the coating solution was also evaluated when the solution was stored for one month.
これらの結果を下記の第３表にまとめて示した。These results are summarized in Table 3 below.
（以下余白）
上記の第３表から明らかなように、この発明の実施例に
係るものは、比較例のものに比べて全体的に画像特性に
優れると共に、感光体上下における膜厚差も少なく、塗
布液の塗布性及び塗布液保存性も優れていた。(The following is a margin.) As is clear from Table 3 above, those according to the examples of the present invention have better overall image characteristics than those of the comparative examples, and there is also less difference in film thickness between the top and bottom of the photoreceptor. The coating properties and storage stability of the coating solution were also excellent.
［発明の効果〕
以上詳述したように、この発明に係る感光体の製造方法
に基づいて感光体を製造した場合には、支持体上に液だ
れ等がなく均一な膜厚を持つ感光層が形成されるように
なり、感光体における画像安定性や耐刷性が向上される
と共に、レーザープリンター等において反転現像する場
合に生じる白紙部での黒斑点等が抑制されるようになる
。[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, when a photoreceptor is manufactured based on the photoreceptor manufacturing method according to the present invention, a photoreceptor layer having a uniform thickness without dripping on the support can be obtained. is formed, improving image stability and printing durability on the photoreceptor, and suppressing black spots and the like on blank areas that occur when reverse development is performed in a laser printer or the like.
また、この発明において、感光層の形成に使用した塗布
液はその粘度安定性が高く、長く保存した場合にも、粘
度がほとんど変化しないため、塗布液を長期にわたって
使用することができ、感光体の製造コストを低減させる
ことができるようになる。In addition, in this invention, the coating liquid used to form the photosensitive layer has high viscosity stability, and the viscosity hardly changes even when stored for a long time. This makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs.
第１図は、この発明を実施するのに使用する塗布装置の
一例を示す概略断面図である。
（１）・・・支持体、（２）・・・浸漬槽、（３）・・
・塗布液。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a coating device used to carry out the present invention. (1)...Support, (2)...Immersion tank, (3)...
・Coating liquid.
Claims (1)
にあたり、その塗布液に使用する有機溶剤として、環状
エーテル系溶剤および環状ケトン系溶剤のなかの少なく
とも２種類の溶剤を混合させたものを用い、上記塗布液
の粘度が２５０〜５００ｃｐｓとなるように調整すると
共に、この塗布液からの引き上げ速度を３０〜８０ｍｍ
／分にして感光層を形成するようにしたことを特徴とす
る感光体の製造方法。1. When forming a photosensitive layer on a support by a dip coating method, the organic solvent used in the coating solution is a mixture of at least two types of solvents selected from cyclic ether solvents and cyclic ketone solvents. The viscosity of the coating liquid was adjusted to 250 to 500 cps, and the pulling speed from this coating liquid was adjusted to 30 to 80 mm.
1. A method for producing a photoreceptor, characterized in that a photoreceptor layer is formed at a speed of 1/min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62284054A JP2663464B2 (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Photoreceptor manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62284054A JP2663464B2 (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Photoreceptor manufacturing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01124859A true JPH01124859A (en) | 1989-05-17 |
| JP2663464B2 JP2663464B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=17673693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62284054A Expired - Lifetime JP2663464B2 (en) | 1987-11-10 | 1987-11-10 | Photoreceptor manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2663464B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002214810A (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-07-31 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, coating liquid for electric charge transport layer and method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JP2003173034A (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-20 | Canon Inc | Method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by the method, process cartridge with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5964847A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-12 | Canon Inc | Production of electrophotographic receptor |
| JPS61178064A (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-09 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Drum coating method |
-
1987
- 1987-11-10 JP JP62284054A patent/JP2663464B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5964847A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-12 | Canon Inc | Production of electrophotographic receptor |
| JPS61178064A (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-09 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Drum coating method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002214810A (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-07-31 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, coating liquid for electric charge transport layer and method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JP2003173034A (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-20 | Canon Inc | Method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by the method, process cartridge with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2663464B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
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