JP7468991B2 - 蓄電池のカソード、関連する蓄電池および電池 - Google Patents
蓄電池のカソード、関連する蓄電池および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7468991B2 JP7468991B2 JP2018537768A JP2018537768A JP7468991B2 JP 7468991 B2 JP7468991 B2 JP 7468991B2 JP 2018537768 A JP2018537768 A JP 2018537768A JP 2018537768 A JP2018537768 A JP 2018537768A JP 7468991 B2 JP7468991 B2 JP 7468991B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013246 LiNiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002986 Li4Ti5O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015020 LiNiCoAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013198 LiNiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920006373 Solef Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
・電極は、第1のインターカレーション材料、第1のバインダー材料および第1の導電性添加剤を含む第1の組成物を含み、第1の導電性添加剤の含有量は2重量%以下、好ましくは1重量%以下である。
・電極は、第1のインターカレーション材料および第1のバインダー材料を含む第1の組成物を含む。
・第1のバインダー材料は、1つ以上のポリマーからなる。
・界面層は、10nm以上の厚さを有する。
・界面層は、50nmから1μmの間の厚さを有する。
・集電体は、金属シートである。
・界面層は、第2のバインダー材料および第2の導電性添加剤を含む第2の組成物を含む。
・第2のバインダー材料は、1つ以上のポリマーからなる。
・第2のバインダー材料の含有量は、界面層の30重量%以上である。
・第2の導電性添加剤の含有量は、界面層の10重量%以上である。
実験プロトコル
材料
本検討では、集電体としてアルミニウムシート(1085系、厚さ20μm)を用いた。
蓄電池は、アルゴン雰囲気下、グローブボックス内で組み立てられた。2つの0.5mmのステンレス鋼スペーサおよび波形ばねを使用して、電極上に良好な圧力を確保した。正極を1.27cm2の試料に切断し、組み立て前に真空下で90℃で1時間乾燥させた。負極は、正側と負側との容量比を負側に典型的な値である約20%多くするために、1.13cm2の試料として切断した。これらの試料は、組み立てる前に、真空下、150℃で5時間処理された。使用した電解質は、エチレンカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート(体積で1:1、Solvionic)中のLiPF6の1M溶液であり、ファイバーガラスセパレータ(Whatman)中でクエンチされた。蓄電池は、最終的に1.8mAhcm-2の理論容量に達する。
セルの電気化学的性能は、VMP3マルチポテンショスタット(Biologic)によって特徴付けられた。
実施された実験の結果は、それぞれ図3から図13に見ることができ、各々については以下のとおりである。
・図3から図8は、異なるレートまたは異なる電流での電極の種々の実施例の放電曲線を示す。このレートは、電池容量の一部として表される。図3および図4は、C/5における放電曲線を示し、図3はCaRiカソード実施例、図4はCaEiカソード実施例を示す。図5および図6は、Cでの放電曲線を示し、図5はCaRiカソードの実施例、図6はCaEiカソードの実施例を示す。図7および図8は、5Cにおける放電曲線を示し、図7は、CaRiカソードの実施例についての図であり、図8は、CaEiカソードの実施例についての図である。
・図9および図10は、様々な電極の実施例について、蓄電池の動作条件に従って利用可能な比容量を示す。図9はCaRiカソードの実施例の測定結果を組み合わせたものであり、図10はCaEiカソードの実施例の測定結果である。
・図11は、すべてのCaRiおよびCaEiカソードの実施例について、蓄電池によって実施された充放電のサイクル数に応じて維持された容量を示す。
・図12は、電極の炭素含有量に応じて、カソードCaRiおよびCaEiのすべての実施例について、2Cでの200サイクルの充放電後に維持された比容量を示す。
・図13は、従来技術によるカソードとCaE0カソードとを比較するエネルギー密度対出力密度を示す。
電気化学特性を図3から図13に示す。
種々の図の分析から、界面層20がカソード内に存在するので、電気化学特性が電極18の炭素含有量とは無関係に維持されることが示されている。
図3から図8は、試験したすべての電極のC/5、Cおよび5Cレートにおける放電電圧プロファイルを示す。
放電状態に応じた容量維持率という観点からみた特性が、図9および10に示されている。従来のカソードでは、放電レートが増加すると容量維持率が低下するが、この傾向は電極の炭素含有量の減少により顕著であり、炭素は、良好な容量維持を確実にする。この低下は、炭素含有量が3%に低下すると直ちに明らかなものとなり、容量維持率が1Cレートの0に近い、炭素含有量が2から0%の場合に決定的になる。
図11は、2Cレートにおいて500サイクルという困難な条件の下での充放電サイクル数に応じた容量維持率を示す。従来技術のカソードの場合、電極の炭素含有量の減少はサイクル性を低下させ、2%未満では不可能になる。請求項に係るカソードCaEiは大きく異なる挙動を示し、これらの電極の炭素含有量の減少は蓄電池のサイクル特性を改善する。カソードCaE1(炭素なし)は、500サイクルにわたる蓄電池のカソードCaE5と同様の挙動を示す。
出力密度に応じたエネルギー密度を表す図13は、CaE0カソードを含む蓄電池が、従来技術の何れのカソードよりも良好なレベルで、これら2つの量、エネルギーおよび出力を維持することを示している。最後に、これらの顕著な特性は、200サイクル後でさえも維持され(図13に示される点)、カソード16を含む蓄電池のエネルギー密度および寿命の点で性能の向上が確認される。
12 電解質
14 アノード
16 カソード
18 電極
20 界面層
22 集電体
Claims (11)
- 電極(18)と、
集電体(22)と、
界面層(20)とを含み、
界面層が集電体(22)上にコーティングされ、界面層(20)が電極(18)とも接触し、5マイクロメートル未満の厚さを有し、
電極(18)が、第1のインターカレーション材料および第1のバインダー材料からなる第1の組成物で作られており、
界面層(20)が第2のバインダー材料を含み、
第2のバインダー材料の含有量が、界面層(20)の30重量%以上であり、
第1のバインダー材料の含有量は、5重量%未満である、電気化学蓄電池のカソード(16)。 - 第1のバインダー材料が、1つ以上のポリマーからなる、請求項1に記載のカソード。
- 界面層(20)が、10ナノメートル以上の厚さを有する、請求項1または2に記載のカソード。
- 界面層(20)が、50ナノメートルから1マイクロメートルの間の厚さを有する、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のカソード。
- 集電体(22)が、金属シートである、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のカソード。
- 界面層(20)が、第2のバインダー材料および第2の導電性添加剤を含む第2の組成物で作られている、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載のカソード。
- 第2のバインダー材料が、1つ以上のポリマーからなる、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載のカソード。
- 第2の導電性添加剤の含有量が、界面層(20)の10重量%以上である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載のカソード。
- 請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載のカソード(16)を有する電気化学蓄電池(10)。
- 蓄電池(10)が、リチウムイオン蓄電池である、請求項9に記載の電気化学蓄電池。
- 少なくとも1つの電気化学蓄電池(10)が、請求項9または10に記載の蓄電池である、一組の蓄電池を含む電池。
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