JP7464925B2 - 充電器 - Google Patents
充電器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7464925B2 JP7464925B2 JP2022028889A JP2022028889A JP7464925B2 JP 7464925 B2 JP7464925 B2 JP 7464925B2 JP 2022028889 A JP2022028889 A JP 2022028889A JP 2022028889 A JP2022028889 A JP 2022028889A JP 7464925 B2 JP7464925 B2 JP 7464925B2
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/143—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using compensating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る充電器100を示す図である。充電器100は、整流器110と、DC/DCコンバータ120と、電力脈動吸収回路130と、制御部140と、を有する。充電器100は、単相交流電源200から入力された単相交流電圧vSを直流電圧Vdcに変換し、バッテリ300に出力する。
制御部140は、DC/DCコンバータ120のインダクタLの動作波形iLが方形波形により近似可能な動作波形になるように、7つのモードにより、DC/DCコンバータ120のスイッチS21~28、電力脈動吸収回路130の第1のスイッチS31のスイッチングを制御する。図3は、7つのモードの各々における各スイッチの状態を示す図である。7つのモードには、DC/DCコンバータ120のスイッチS21~28、電力脈動吸収回路130の第1のスイッチS31のすべてのスイッチがオフになるモード(モード5)が含まれている。
上述した制御により充電器100を動作させるためには、上記式(1)のすべてのデューティー比が正である必要がある。降圧動作時(つまり、VS≧Vdcであるとき)、上記式(1)のすべてのデューティー比が正であるが、昇圧動作時(つまり、VS<Vdcであるとき)、図5に示すように、電流バランス期間Tbのデューティー比Db、バッファコンデンサ放電電流期間TCのデューティー比DCが負になることがある。図5に示した例では、交流電源電圧vSの位相ωStが0度であるときは、電流バランス期間Tbのデューティー比Db、バッファコンデンサ放電電流期間TCのデューティー比DCともに、正であるが、交流電源電圧vSの位相ωStが15度になるあたりで、電流バランス期間Tbのデューティー比Dbが負になり、交流電源電圧vSの位相ωStが45度になるあたりで、バッファコンデンサ放電電流期間TCのデューティー比DCが負になっている。電流バランス期間Tbのデューティー比Dbが負であるとき、上記式(1)より、
図4の示した動作波形iLでは、iL(t1)≦iL(t3)である。しかしながら、電流バランス期間Tbのデューティー比Dbが負になると(つまり、上記式(2)が成り立つようになると)、動作波形iLは、図6に示すように、iL(t1)>iL(t3)となる。そこで、本実施形態では、上記式(1)が成り立ち、上記式(2)が成り立たないとき、|t0-t1|=|t5-t6|、|t1-t2|=|t7-t8|、|t2-t3|=|t6-t7|、|t3-t4|=|t8-t9|となるようにt0~t10、を設定し、|t0-tS1|=|t3-t4|=|t5-tS2|となるように、t0とt1の間にtS1、t5とt6の間にtS2を設定し、動作波形iLを、次の等価方形波形iL′により近似する。
また、本実施形態では、上記式(2)、(3)がいずれもが成り立つとき、図3に示した7つのモードに加えた2つのモードを加えた、図7の示した9つのモードにより、DC/DCコンバータ120のスイッチS21~28、電力脈動吸収回路130の第1のスイッチS31のスイッチングを制御する。このように制御することで、図8に示すような動作波形iLを得る。図8に示した動作波形iLは、図7に示した9つのモードを、モード1、モード8、モード2、モード3、モード4、モード5、モード4、モード9、モード6、モード7、モード1、モード5の順にスイッチングすることで得られる。
図9は、降圧シーケンス、昇圧シーケンスI、昇圧シーケンスIIの3つの制御を用いて充電器100を動作させたときのデューティー比を示す図である。図9に示すように、降圧シーケンス、昇圧シーケンスI、昇圧シーケンスII、降圧シーケンス、昇圧シーケンスII、昇圧シーケンスIの順で、スイッチング制御を変更していくことで、昇圧動作時においても、充電器100を動作することが可能になる。
零電流期間T0は、モード5であり、DC/DCコンバータ120のすべてのスイッチS21~28がオフになる期間である。しかしながら、実際にはスイッチがオフになるタイミングにずれが生じ、このずれにより電流が残存し、DC/DCコンバータ120のインダクタLとスイッチS21~28の寄生容量との間の共振が生じる。このため、零電流期間T0後のスイッチング(モード5からモード4に切り替わる際のスイッチング、モード5からモード1に切り替わる際のスイッチング)がハードスイッチングとなり、スイッチング損失が生じる。
また、上記文献(米田昇平, 宅間春介. 大沼喜也, 「アクティブバッファを有するDual Active Bridge AC-DCコンバータの可変周波数制御の検討」, 2021年電気学会産業応用部門大会講演論文集, Vol. 1, No. 30, pp. 13-18(2021)参照)には、充電器100がより高効率で動作するように、従来の降圧シーケンスにおける等価方形波iL′の波高値IL′の指令値を最適化する方法も提案されている。この方法では、交流電源電圧vSの位相ωStが45度であるときのスイッチング周波数fSW(上記式(6))が所定の値fminになるように等価方形波形iL′の波高値IL′の指令値を制御することで、充電器100をより高効率で動作させている。
110 整流器
120 DC/DCコンバータ
S21~S28 DC/DCコンバータのスイッチ
130 電力脈動吸収回路
D31 第1のダイオード
D32 第2のダイオード
D33 第3のダイオード
Lb インダクタ
Cbuf バッファコンデンサ
S31 第1のスイッチ
S32 第2のスイッチ
200 交流電源
300 バッテリ
Claims (9)
- 交流電源に接続するための2つの入力端子とカソード端子とアノード端子を有する整流器と、
前記整流器のカソード端子に第1のラインを介して接続する第1の端子と、前記整流器のアノード端子に第2のラインを介して接続する第2の端子と、バッテリに接続するための2つの出力端子と、を有するDC/DCコンバータと、
第1のダイオードと、第2のダイオードと、第3のダイオードと、インダクタと、コンデンサと、第1のスイッチと、第2のスイッチと、を有する電力脈動吸収回路と、
前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチのスイッチングを制御する制御部と、を有し、
前記第1のダイオードは、前記電力脈動吸収回路のインダクタと前記整流器の2つの入力端子の一方との間に接続され、前記第2のダイオードは、前記インダクタと前記整流器の2つの入力端子の他方との間に接続され、
前記コンデンサと前記第1のスイッチは、前記第1のラインと前記第2のラインの間に、直列に接続され、前記コンデンサは、前記第2のライン側に配置され、
前記第3のダイオードは、前記コンデンサと前記第1のスイッチを接続するラインと前記電力脈動吸収回路のインダクタとの間に接続され、
前記第2のスイッチは、前記電力脈動吸収回路のインダクタと前記第3のダイオードを接続するラインと前記第2のラインとの間に接続され、
制御部は、交流電源から出力される電圧を昇圧する際に、前記交流電源から出力される電力と前記コンデンサから出力される電力との和が一定になるように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチとを制御する、充電器。 - 前記制御部は、前記コンデンサにかかる電圧が前記整流器の出力電圧よりも大きくなるように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチとを制御する、請求項1に記載の充電器。
- 前記制御部は、
前記交流電源から出力される瞬時電力が前記交流電源から出力される電力の平均電力よりも高い期間である充電期間において、前記交流電源から出力される電力の一部を前記コンデンサに充電するように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチとを制御し、
前記交流電源から出力される瞬時電力が前記交流電源から出力される電力の平均電力よりも低い期間である放電期間において、前記コンデンサに充電された電力を放電するように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチとを制御する、請求項1または2に記載の充電器。 - 前記制御部は、前記放電期間において、前記第2のスイッチをオフの状態に保つ、請求項3に記載の充電器。
- 前記制御部は、前記DC/DCコンバータのインダクタの動作波形が方形波形により近似可能な動作波形になるように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチのスイッチングを制御する、請求項4に記載の充電器。
- 制御部は、前記交流電源から入力される交流電圧の一周期の間に、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチのスイッチング周波数を変化させる、請求項5に記載の充電器。
- 前記制御部は、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチおよび前記第1のスイッチのすべてがオフになる期間がゼロになるように、前記DC/DCコンバータのスイッチと前記第1のスイッチのスイッチング周波数の値を制御する、請求項6に記載の充電器。
- 前記制御部は、前記スイッチング周波数の最小値が所定の値になるように、前記方形波形の波高値の指定値を制御する、請求項6または7に記載の充電器。
- 前記DC/DCコンバータは、DAB(Dual Active Bridge)コンバータである、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の充電器。
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