JP7431621B2 - Backwashing methods, control devices, water treatment systems and programs - Google Patents

Backwashing methods, control devices, water treatment systems and programs Download PDF

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JP7431621B2
JP7431621B2 JP2020041283A JP2020041283A JP7431621B2 JP 7431621 B2 JP7431621 B2 JP 7431621B2 JP 2020041283 A JP2020041283 A JP 2020041283A JP 2020041283 A JP2020041283 A JP 2020041283A JP 7431621 B2 JP7431621 B2 JP 7431621B2
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backwash
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貴志 米谷
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Metawater Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、逆洗方法に関し、特には、活性炭処理槽内の活性炭層を逆洗する方法に関するものである。また、本発明は、当該逆洗方法を実施し得る制御装置、水処理システムおよびプログラムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for backwashing, and particularly to a method for backwashing an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank. The present invention also relates to a control device, a water treatment system, and a program that can implement the backwashing method.

従来、浄水処理などの各種水処理分野において、被処理水を活性炭層に通水することにより、被処理水中の汚濁物を活性炭に吸着させると共に、活性炭の表面に付着した微生物により被処理水中の有機物を分解・除去する生物活性炭処理が用いられている。 Conventionally, in various water treatment fields such as water purification, by passing the water to be treated through an activated carbon layer, the pollutants in the water to be treated are adsorbed to the activated carbon, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the activated carbon are Biological activated carbon treatment is used to decompose and remove organic matter.

そして、生物活性炭処理等の、活性炭層を用いて被処理水を処理する活性炭処理の技術分野では、通常、所定のタイミング毎に活性炭層を逆流洗浄（逆洗）しつつ被処理水を処理している。 In the technical field of activated carbon treatment, such as biological activated carbon treatment, in which treated water is treated using an activated carbon layer, the activated carbon layer is usually backwashed (backwashed) at predetermined timings while the treated water is treated. ing.

ここで、逆洗時に逆洗用水を活性炭層に通水すると、活性炭層は被処理水の処理時と比較して膨張する。そして、逆洗時の活性炭層の膨張の程度は、逆洗用水の流速に加え、水温などの影響も受けて変化する。そこで、例えば特許文献１では、逆洗時の活性炭層の膨張レベルを界面計により検出し、活性炭層の膨張レベルが一定となるように逆洗用水の流速を制御しつつ活性炭層を逆洗する技術が提案されている。 Here, when backwash water is passed through the activated carbon layer during backwashing, the activated carbon layer expands compared to when water to be treated is treated. The degree of expansion of the activated carbon layer during backwashing changes depending on the flow rate of the backwashing water as well as the water temperature. Therefore, for example, in Patent Document 1, the expansion level of the activated carbon layer during backwashing is detected by an interfacial meter, and the activated carbon layer is backwashed while controlling the flow rate of water for backwashing so that the expansion level of the activated carbon layer is constant. A technique has been proposed.

特開平４－１９７４８４号公報JP-A-4-197484

しかし、本発明者が活性炭層の逆洗について検討を行ったところ、逆洗開始直後は、活性炭層内に捕捉されていた汚濁物等が比較的多く含まれる透明性の低い逆洗排水が流出するため、上記従来の技術では、活性炭層の界面の把握および逆洗用水の流速の設定を適切に行うことができず、活性炭の流出などの問題が起こり得ることが明らかとなった。 However, when the present inventor investigated backwashing of the activated carbon layer, it was found that immediately after the start of backwashing, backwash wastewater with low transparency containing a relatively large amount of pollutants that had been trapped in the activated carbon layer flows out. Therefore, it has become clear that with the above-mentioned conventional technology, it is not possible to properly grasp the interface of the activated carbon layer and to appropriately set the flow rate of the backwashing water, which may cause problems such as activated carbon flowing out.

そこで、本発明は、活性炭の流出を抑制しつつ活性炭層を効果的に逆洗する技術を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for effectively backwashing an activated carbon layer while suppressing outflow of activated carbon.

この発明は、上記課題を有利に解決することを目的とするものであり、本発明の逆洗方法は、活性炭処理槽内の活性炭層の逆洗方法であって、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ａ）と、前記工程（Ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ｂ）とを含むことを特徴とする。このように、逆洗開始直後に工程（Ａ）を実施すれば、逆洗開始直後に排出される透明性の低い逆洗排水を、低い平均流速で活性炭の流出を抑制しつつ流出させることができる。また、工程（Ａ）の後に工程（Ｂ）を実施すれば、逆洗排水を第一の平均流速で通水させる場合と比較し、大きな平均流速で逆洗排水を通水させて活性炭層を良好に膨張させることができる。従って、活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 The present invention aims to advantageously solve the above problems, and the backwashing method of the present invention is a method for backwashing an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank, in which backwashing is performed immediately after the start of backwashing. A step (A) of passing water for water at a first average flow rate; and a step (B) of passing water for backwashing at a second average flow rate higher than the first average flow rate after the step (A). ). In this way, if step (A) is carried out immediately after the start of backwashing, the backwash wastewater with low transparency that is discharged immediately after the start of backwashing can be discharged at a low average flow rate while suppressing the outflow of activated carbon. can. Furthermore, if step (B) is performed after step (A), the activated carbon layer is formed by passing backwash wastewater at a higher average flow rate than when the backwash wastewater is passed at the first average flow rate. It can be expanded well. Therefore, the activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed.

ここで、本発明の逆洗方法は、逆洗排水の透明性を評価する工程（α）を更に含むことが好ましい。逆洗排水の透明性を評価すれば、活性炭層の逆洗の状況を適切に把握することができる。 Here, it is preferable that the backwash method of the present invention further includes a step (α) of evaluating the transparency of backwash wastewater. By evaluating the transparency of backwash wastewater, it is possible to appropriately understand the status of backwashing of the activated carbon layer.

また、本発明の逆洗方法は、前記工程（Ａ）の終期を、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて決定し、前記終期を、前記透明性が所定のレベル以上になった後とすることが好ましい。工程（Ａ）の終期を逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上になった後とすれば、逆洗開始直後に排出される透明性の低い逆洗排水を、大きな平均流速で逆洗排水を通水させる工程（Ｂ）を実施する前に十分に排出させることができる。 Further, in the backwashing method of the present invention, the end stage of the step (A) is determined using the transparency of the backwash wastewater, and the end stage is set after the transparency reaches a predetermined level or higher. It is preferable. If the final stage of step (A) is set after the transparency of the backwash wastewater reaches a predetermined level or higher, the backwash wastewater with low transparency that is discharged immediately after the start of backwashing will be backwashed at a high average flow rate. The water can be sufficiently discharged before carrying out the step (B) of passing water through it.

更に、本発明の逆洗方法は、前記工程（α）では、前記逆洗排水の透過度、吸光度、濁度および透視度の少なくとも１つを測定し、前記工程（Ａ）の終期を、前記透過度が所定値以上になった後、前記吸光度が所定値以下になった後、前記濁度が所定値以下になった後、および、前記透視度が所定値以上になった後の少なくとも１つの条件を満たした後とすることが好ましい。透過度、吸光度、濁度または透視度を使用すれば、逆洗排水の透明性を簡便に評価することができる。また、工程（Ａ）の終期を上述した条件を満たした後とすれば、逆洗開始直後に排出される透明性の低い逆洗排水を、大きな平均流速で逆洗排水を通水させる工程（Ｂ）を実施する前に十分に排出させることができる。 Furthermore, in the backwashing method of the present invention, in the step (α), at least one of permeability, absorbance, turbidity, and transparency of the backwash wastewater is measured, and the final stage of the step (A) is determined by the step (α). At least once after the transmittance becomes a predetermined value or more, after the absorbance becomes a predetermined value or less, after the turbidity becomes a predetermined value or less, and after the transparency becomes a predetermined value or more. It is preferable to do so after satisfying two conditions. Transparency of backwash wastewater can be easily evaluated using transmittance, absorbance, turbidity, or transparency. In addition, if the final stage of step (A) is after the above-mentioned conditions are satisfied, a step ( It can be sufficiently drained before carrying out B).

また、本発明の逆洗方法は、前記工程（Ｂ）では、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて前記逆洗用水の流速を制御することが好ましい。透明性の低い逆洗排水を工程（Ａ）において排出させた後であれば、逆洗排水の透明性を用いて活性炭層の過度な膨張および活性炭の流出を検知することができる。従って、逆洗排水の透明性を用いて逆洗用水の流速を制御すれば、活性炭の流出を抑制しつつ活性炭層をより効果的に逆洗することができる。 Moreover, in the backwash method of the present invention, it is preferable that in the step (B), the flow rate of the backwash water is controlled using the transparency of the backwash wastewater. After the backwash wastewater with low transparency is discharged in step (A), excessive expansion of the activated carbon layer and outflow of activated carbon can be detected using the transparency of the backwash wastewater. Therefore, if the flow rate of the backwash water is controlled using the transparency of the backwash wastewater, the activated carbon layer can be backwashed more effectively while suppressing the outflow of the activated carbon.

そして、本発明の逆洗方法では、前記工程（Ａ）と前記工程（Ｂ）との双方において、前記活性炭処理槽内で前記逆洗排水の透明性を評価し、前記工程（Ｂ）において前記透明性を評価する位置が、前記工程（Ａ）において前記透明性を評価する位置よりも上側であることが好ましい。工程（Ａ）において透明性を評価する位置を工程（Ｂ）において透明性を評価する位置よりも下側にすれば、透明性の低い逆洗排水の排出の終了をより迅速に検知することができる。また、工程（Ｂ）において透明性を評価する位置を工程（Ａ）において透明性を評価する位置よりも上側にすれば、活性炭層を十分に膨張させて活性炭層をより効果的に逆洗しつつ、活性炭層の過度な膨張および活性炭の流出を効果的に抑制することができる。 In the backwashing method of the present invention, the transparency of the backwash wastewater is evaluated in the activated carbon treatment tank in both the step (A) and the step (B), and the transparency of the backwash wastewater is evaluated in the step (B). It is preferable that the position where the transparency is evaluated is above the position where the transparency is evaluated in the step (A). If the position where transparency is evaluated in step (A) is lower than the position where transparency is evaluated in step (B), the end of discharge of backwash wastewater with low transparency can be detected more quickly. can. Furthermore, if the position where transparency is evaluated in step (B) is placed above the position where transparency is evaluated in step (A), the activated carbon layer can be sufficiently expanded and the activated carbon layer can be backwashed more effectively. At the same time, excessive expansion of the activated carbon layer and outflow of activated carbon can be effectively suppressed.

また、本発明の制御装置は、活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構の動作を制御する制御装置であって、前記逆洗機構を、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させた後、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させるように動作させ、逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を入手し、前記逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速で通水させる動作の終期を、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて決定することを特徴とする。このような制御装置によれば、本発明の逆洗方法を実施し、活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 Further, the control device of the present invention is a control device for controlling the operation of a backwash mechanism used for backwashing an activated carbon layer of an activated carbon treatment tank, and the control device controls the backwash mechanism by supplying backwash water immediately after the start of backwashing. After passing water at a first average flow rate, backwash water is operated to flow at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate, and information regarding the transparency of backwash wastewater is obtained. , the end of the operation of passing the backwash water at the first average flow rate is determined using the transparency of the backwash wastewater. According to such a control device, the backwashing method of the present invention can be implemented and the activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed.

更に、本発明の水処理システムは、活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、前記活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、前記逆洗機構の動作を制御する請求項７に記載の制御装置と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価して前記制御装置へと前記逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を提供する透明性評価装置とを備えることを特徴とする。このような水処理システムによれば、本発明の逆洗方法を実施し、活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 Furthermore, the water treatment system of the present invention includes an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and controlling the operation of the backwash mechanism. The present invention is characterized by comprising the above described control device and a transparency evaluation device that evaluates the transparency of backwash wastewater and provides information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater to the control device. According to such a water treatment system, the backwashing method of the present invention can be implemented and the activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed.

そして、本発明のプログラムは、活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、前記活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価する透明性評価装置とを備える水処理システムに、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ａ）と、前記ステップ（ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ｂ）と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価するステップ（ｃ）と、前記逆洗排水の透明性に基づいて前記ステップ（ａ）を終了させるステップ（ｄ）とを実行させることを特徴とする。このようなプログラムによれば、水処理システムに本発明の逆洗方法を実施させ、活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 The program of the present invention includes an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and a transparency evaluation device for evaluating the transparency of backwash wastewater. a step (a) of causing backwash water to flow through the water treatment system at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwashing; step (b) of passing water at a higher second average flow rate; step (c) of evaluating transparency of backwash wastewater; and terminating step (a) based on the transparency of the backwash wastewater. (d). According to such a program, the water treatment system can implement the backwashing method of the present invention, and the activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed.

本発明によれば、活性炭の流出を抑制しつつ活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 According to the present invention, an activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed while suppressing outflow of activated carbon.

（ａ）～（ｄ）は、被処理水を活性炭処理した後に活性炭層を本発明の逆洗方法の一例に従い逆洗する様子を示す説明図である。(a) to (d) are explanatory diagrams showing how, after treating water to be treated with activated carbon, an activated carbon layer is backwashed according to an example of the backwashing method of the present invention. （ａ）および（ｂ）は、本発明の逆洗方法の他の例に従い活性炭層を逆洗する様子を示す説明図である。(a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing how an activated carbon layer is backwashed according to another example of the backwashing method of the present invention. 本発明の水処理システムの一例の概略構成を説明する説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an example of a water treatment system of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面に基づき詳細に説明する。なお、各図において、同一の符号を付したものは、同一の構成要素を示すものとする。また、各図においては、理解を容易にするため、一部の構成の寸法を拡大または縮小して示している。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. Note that in each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same components. Further, in each figure, the dimensions of some components are shown enlarged or reduced in order to facilitate understanding.

（逆洗方法）
ここで、本発明の逆洗方法は、被処理水に対し、生物活性炭処理等の活性炭処理を実施する際に用いられる活性炭処理槽内の活性炭層を洗浄する際に用いられるものであり、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ａ）と、工程（Ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ｂ）とを含み、任意に、工程（Ａ）の前、工程（Ａ）と工程（Ｂ）の間、または、工程（Ｂ）の後にその他の工程を更に含有し得る。また、本発明の逆洗方法では、任意に、逆洗用水を活性炭層に通水させた際に生じる逆洗排水の透明性を評価する工程（α）を実施し得る。 (Backwash method)
Here, the backwashing method of the present invention is used when cleaning an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank used when implementing activated carbon treatment such as biological activated carbon treatment on water to be treated. A step (A) of passing backwash water at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of washing; and after step (A), passing backwash water at a second average flow rate higher than the first average flow rate. (B), and may optionally further contain other steps before step (A), between step (A) and step (B), or after step (B). Furthermore, in the backwash method of the present invention, a step (α) of evaluating the transparency of backwash wastewater generated when backwash water is passed through the activated carbon layer can be optionally carried out.

なお、逆洗排水の透明性の評価（工程（α））は、逆洗の開始から終了まで連続して行ってもよいし、断続的に行ってもよい。具体的には、工程（α）は、例えば工程（Ａ）の間のみ行ってもよいし、工程（Ｂ）の間のみ行ってもよいし、工程（Ａ）の間および工程（Ｂ）の間の双方で行ってもよい。
また、透明性は、特に限定されることなく、逆洗排水について、光の透過度、吸光度、濁度または透視度などのパラメータを測定することにより、評価することができる。中でも、逆洗排水の透明性を簡便に評価する観点からは、透明性は、光の透過度を測定することにより評価することが好ましい。また、上述したパラメータの測定は、リアルタイムで行うことが好ましい。 Note that the evaluation of the transparency of backwash wastewater (step (α)) may be performed continuously from the start to the end of backwashing, or may be performed intermittently. Specifically, step (α) may be performed, for example, only during step (A), only during step (B), or between step (A) and step (B). You can do both in between.
Further, transparency is not particularly limited, and can be evaluated by measuring parameters such as light transmittance, absorbance, turbidity, or transparency of backwash wastewater. Among these, from the viewpoint of easily evaluating the transparency of backwash wastewater, it is preferable to evaluate the transparency by measuring the degree of light transmission. Moreover, it is preferable to measure the parameters described above in real time.

ここで、本発明の逆洗方法を適用する活性炭処理槽としては、特に限定されることなく、活性炭層を有する任意の活性炭処理槽を挙げることができる。具体的には、活性炭処理槽としては、例えば、図１（ａ）～（ｄ）に示すような、活性炭粒子を充填してなる活性炭層１と、活性炭層１よりも上側に設けられた透明性評価装置２、被処理水流入ライン３および逆洗排水排出ライン６と、活性炭層１の下側に設けられた処理水排出ライン４および逆洗用水流入ライン５とを備え、任意に、活性炭層の洗浄時に曝気により活性炭の流動を促進するための曝気装置（図示せず）を活性炭層１の下部に更に備える活性炭処理槽１０が挙げられる。
なお、透明性評価装置２としては、特に限定されることなく、透明性の評価に用いるパラメータに応じた測定装置（例えば、光源と受光センサーとの組み合わせ、吸光度計、濁度計、透視度計など）を用いることができる。また、透明性評価装置２の設置位置は、逆洗時に活性炭層１が所望のレベルまで膨張したと仮定した際の活性炭層の上端の位置よりも上側であることが好ましい。 Here, the activated carbon treatment tank to which the backwashing method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and any activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer can be mentioned. Specifically, the activated carbon treatment tank includes, for example, an activated carbon layer 1 filled with activated carbon particles and a transparent layer provided above the activated carbon layer 1, as shown in FIGS. It is equipped with a treatment water inflow line 3, a backwash water discharge line 6, a treated water discharge line 4 and a backwash water inflow line 5 provided below the activated carbon layer 1, and optionally, activated carbon An example is an activated carbon treatment tank 10 that further includes an aeration device (not shown) below the activated carbon layer 1 for promoting flow of activated carbon by aeration during layer cleaning.
The transparency evaluation device 2 is not particularly limited, and may be a measuring device (for example, a combination of a light source and a light receiving sensor, an absorbance meter, a turbidimeter, a fluorometer, etc.) depending on the parameters used for evaluating transparency. etc.) can be used. Moreover, the installation position of the transparency evaluation device 2 is preferably above the position of the upper end of the activated carbon layer when it is assumed that the activated carbon layer 1 has expanded to a desired level during backwashing.

そして、活性炭処理槽１０では、通常、図１（ａ）に示すように被処理水が活性炭層１を下向流で通過して処理され、下側の処理水排出ライン４から処理水が流出する。なお、活性炭処理槽は、被処理水を上向流で通過させて処理するものであってもよい。 In the activated carbon treatment tank 10, normally, the water to be treated passes through the activated carbon layer 1 in a downward flow as shown in FIG. do. Note that the activated carbon treatment tank may be one in which the water to be treated is passed through in an upward flow.

また、活性炭処理槽１０では、所定のタイミングで、図１（ｂ）に示すように被処理水の流入を停止させ、活性炭層１を本発明の逆洗方法の一例を用いて逆洗する。
なお、「所定のタイミング」は、特に限定されることなく、例えば、被処理水の処理の開始または再開から一定時間が経過したタイミング、処理水の水質が所定の水質まで低下したタイミング、或いは、活性炭層の圧力損失の大きさが所定の大きさになったタイミング等とすることができる。 Furthermore, in the activated carbon treatment tank 10, the inflow of water to be treated is stopped at a predetermined timing as shown in FIG. 1(b), and the activated carbon layer 1 is backwashed using an example of the backwashing method of the present invention.
Note that the "predetermined timing" is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, the timing when a certain period of time has elapsed since the start or restart of treatment of the water to be treated, the timing when the quality of the treated water has decreased to a predetermined water quality, or The timing can be set as the timing when the pressure loss of the activated carbon layer reaches a predetermined value.

具体的には、まず、逆洗開始直後に、図１（ｃ）に示すように上向流の逆洗用水を活性炭層１に第一の平均流速で通水させる（工程（Ａ））。この際、活性炭層１からは、活性炭層１内に捕捉されていた汚濁物等が比較的多く含まれる透明性の低い逆洗排水が流出する。
なお、逆洗用水としては、特に限定されることなく、被処理水の活性炭処理により得られた処理水や、浄水を用いることができる。 Specifically, first, immediately after the start of backwashing, upwardly flowing backwash water is passed through the activated carbon layer 1 at a first average flow rate as shown in FIG. 1(c) (step (A)). At this time, backwash wastewater with low transparency and containing a relatively large amount of pollutants trapped in the activated carbon layer 1 flows out from the activated carbon layer 1 .
Note that the water for backwashing is not particularly limited, and treated water obtained by treating water to be treated with activated carbon or purified water can be used.

ここで、上述したように、逆洗開始直後は透明性の低い逆洗排水が流出するため、活性炭層１の状態（例えば、膨張の程度や活性炭の流出の有無）の把握が困難である。そのため、第一の平均流速は、活性炭の流出を確実に抑制しつつ透明性の低い逆洗排水を効率的に排出し得る程度の大きさであることが好ましい。 Here, as described above, immediately after the start of backwashing, backwash wastewater with low transparency flows out, so it is difficult to grasp the state of the activated carbon layer 1 (for example, the degree of expansion and whether or not activated carbon flows out). Therefore, the first average flow velocity is preferably large enough to efficiently discharge backwash wastewater with low transparency while reliably suppressing the outflow of activated carbon.

なお、工程（Ａ）中の逆洗用水の流速は、一定であってもよいし、工程（Ａ）中に変化させてもよい。具体的には、逆洗用水の流速は、活性炭の流出が起こらない範囲であれば、一時的に大きく（例えば、第二の平均流速よりも大きく）してもよいし、一時的に小さくしてもよい。
中でも、逆洗の安定性の観点からは、工程（Ａ）中の逆洗用水の流速は、一定であることが好ましい。 Note that the flow rate of the backwash water during step (A) may be constant or may be changed during step (A). Specifically, the flow rate of the backwash water may be temporarily increased (for example, greater than the second average flow rate) or temporarily decreased as long as the activated carbon does not flow out. It's okay.
Among these, from the viewpoint of backwash stability, it is preferable that the flow rate of the backwash water in step (A) be constant.

そして、工程（Ａ）は、例えば、逆洗排水の透明性が上昇し、活性炭層１の状態（例えば、膨張の程度や活性炭の流出の有無）の把握が可能となった段階で終了することができる。具体的には、工程（Ａ）中に上述した工程（α）を実施する場合、工程（Ａ）は、逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上になった後、好ましくは逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベルになったタイミングで終了させることができる。工程（Ａ）の終期が逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上になった後であれば、逆洗開始直後に排出される透明性の低い逆洗排水を工程（Ｂ）を実施する前に十分に排出させることができる。 Then, step (A) may be completed, for example, when the transparency of the backwash wastewater increases and it becomes possible to understand the state of the activated carbon layer 1 (for example, the degree of expansion and the presence or absence of activated carbon outflow). Can be done. Specifically, when carrying out the above-mentioned step (α) during step (A), step (A) is preferably carried out after the transparency of the backwash wastewater reaches a predetermined level or higher. It can be terminated when transparency reaches a predetermined level. If the final stage of step (A) is after the transparency of the backwash wastewater reaches a predetermined level or higher, the backwash wastewater with low transparency that is discharged immediately after the start of backwashing is discharged before performing step (B). can be sufficiently discharged.

ここで、工程（Ａ）において「逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上になる」とは、透明性の評価に光の透過度を用いた場合には透過度が所定値以上になることを指し、透明性の評価に吸光度を用いた場合には吸光度が所定値以下になることを指し、透明性の評価に濁度を用いた場合には濁度が所定値以下になることを指し、透明性の評価に透視度を用いた場合には透視度が所定値以上になることを指す。そして、工程（Ａ）における「所定のレベル」は、例えば予備実験により決定することができる。 Here, in step (A), "the transparency of the backwash wastewater is equal to or higher than a predetermined level" means that when light transmittance is used to evaluate transparency, the transmittance is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. When absorbance is used to evaluate transparency, it means that the absorbance is below a specified value, and when turbidity is used to evaluate transparency, it means that turbidity is below a specified value. When transparency is used to evaluate transparency, it means that the transparency is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. The "predetermined level" in step (A) can be determined, for example, by preliminary experiments.

次に、工程（Ｂ）では、図１（ｄ）に示すように、上向流の逆洗用水を第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で活性炭層１に通水させる。なお、工程（Ｂ）は、工程（Ａ）に続けて行うことが好ましい。具体的には、特に限定されることなく、工程（Ｂ）は、例えば逆洗用水の流速を工程（Ａ）の終了時よりも増加させて開始することができる。 Next, in step (B), as shown in FIG. 1(d), upward flow backwash water is passed through the activated carbon layer 1 at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate. Note that step (B) is preferably performed following step (A). Specifically, without particular limitation, step (B) can be started, for example, by increasing the flow rate of the backwash water compared to the end of step (A).

ここで、工程（Ｂ）では、逆洗用水を第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で流すことにより、活性炭層１を良好に膨張させ、活性炭層を効果的に逆洗する。そのため、第二の平均流速は、活性炭層１の高さが被処理水の処理時の高さの１．１倍以上１．５倍以下まで膨張する速度であることが好ましい。第二の平均流速が上記範囲内であれば、活性炭が流出するのを十分に抑制しつつ、活性炭層１を良好に膨張させて洗浄することができる。 Here, in step (B), the activated carbon layer 1 is expanded well by flowing backwash water at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate, and the activated carbon layer is effectively backwashed. Therefore, the second average flow rate is preferably such that the height of the activated carbon layer 1 expands to 1.1 times or more and 1.5 times or less of the height of the water to be treated during treatment. If the second average flow velocity is within the above range, the activated carbon layer 1 can be expanded and washed well while sufficiently suppressing the activated carbon from flowing out.

なお、工程（Ｂ）中の逆洗用水の流速は、一定であってもよいし、工程（Ｂ）中に変化させてもよい。具体的には、逆洗用水の流速は、活性炭の流出が起こらない範囲であれば、一時的に大きくしてもよいし、一時的に小さくしてもよい。 Note that the flow rate of the backwash water during step (B) may be constant or may be changed during step (B). Specifically, the flow rate of the backwash water may be temporarily increased or decreased within a range that does not cause activated carbon to flow out.

中でも、工程（Ｂ）中に上述した工程（α）を実施する場合、工程（Ｂ）中の逆洗用水の流速は、逆洗排水の透明性を用いて制御することが好ましい。具体的には、工程（Ｂ）中の逆洗用水の流速は、逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上となるように制御することが好ましい。即ち、逆洗用水の流速は、逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以下となった場合には低下するように制御することが好ましい。工程（Ａ）の実施により工程（Ｂ）では活性炭層１の状態（例えば、膨張の程度や活性炭の流出の有無）の把握が可能になっているところ、工程（Ａ）の実施により一度上昇した逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以下に再び低下することは、活性炭が過度に舞い上がっており、活性炭の流出の虞があることを示している。そのため、逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以上となるように逆洗用水の流速を制御すれば、活性炭の流出を抑制することができる。 Among these, when carrying out the above-mentioned step (α) during step (B), it is preferable to control the flow rate of backwash water during step (B) using the transparency of backwash wastewater. Specifically, the flow rate of the backwash water in step (B) is preferably controlled so that the transparency of the backwash wastewater is at a predetermined level or higher. That is, it is preferable to control the flow rate of the backwash water so that it decreases when the transparency of the backwash wastewater falls below a predetermined level. In step (B), by implementing step (A), it is possible to grasp the state of activated carbon layer 1 (for example, the degree of expansion and the presence or absence of activated carbon flowing out). The fact that the transparency of the backwash waste water drops below the predetermined level again indicates that the activated carbon is being thrown up too much and there is a risk that the activated carbon will flow out. Therefore, if the flow rate of the backwash water is controlled so that the transparency of the backwash wastewater is at a predetermined level or higher, it is possible to suppress the outflow of activated carbon.

ここで、工程（Ｂ）において「逆洗排水の透明性が所定のレベル以下になる」とは、透明性の評価に光の透過度を用いた場合には透過度が所定値以下になることを指し、透明性の評価に吸光度を用いた場合には吸光度が所定値以上になることを指し、透明性の評価に濁度を用いた場合には濁度が所定値以上になることを指し、透明性の評価に透視度を用いた場合には透視度が所定値以下になることを指す。そして、工程（Ｂ）における「所定のレベル」は、例えば予備実験により決定することができる。 Here, in step (B), "the transparency of the backwash wastewater is below a predetermined level" means that when light transmittance is used to evaluate transparency, the transmittance is below a predetermined value. When absorbance is used to evaluate transparency, it means that the absorbance exceeds a specified value, and when turbidity is used to evaluate transparency, it means that turbidity exceeds a specified value. , when transparency is used to evaluate transparency, indicates that the transparency is less than or equal to a predetermined value. The "predetermined level" in step (B) can be determined, for example, by preliminary experiments.

そして、工程（Ｂ）は、特に限定されることなく、例えば工程（Ｂ）の開始から所定の時間が経過したタイミングや、逆洗排水の性状が所定の性状になったタイミングで終了させることができる。 The step (B) is not particularly limited, and may be ended, for example, when a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the step (B), or when the properties of the backwash wastewater have become predetermined. can.

（水処理システム）
本発明の水処理システムは、活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、逆洗機構の動作を制御する本発明の制御装置とを備え、任意に、逆洗排水の透明性を評価して制御装置へと逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を提供する透明性評価装置を更に備え得る。そして、本発明の水処理システムでは、被処理水の処理時には、被処理水が活性炭処理槽の活性炭層で処理されると共に、所定のタイミングで、逆洗機構を用いて活性炭処理槽の活性炭層が逆洗される。
なお、「所定のタイミング」としては、逆洗方法に関して上述したものと同様のものが挙げられる。 (Water treatment system)
The water treatment system of the present invention includes an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and a control device of the present invention that controls the operation of the backwash mechanism. The apparatus may optionally further include a transparency evaluation device for evaluating the transparency of the backwash wastewater and providing information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater to the control device. In the water treatment system of the present invention, when treating the water to be treated, the water to be treated is treated in the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and at a predetermined timing, the backwash mechanism is used to treat the water to be treated in the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank. is backwashed.
Note that the "predetermined timing" includes the same timing as described above regarding the backwashing method.

具体的には、図３に示すように、本発明の水処理システムの一例としての水処理システム１００は、活性炭処理槽１０と、透明性評価装置２と、逆洗機構として機能する各種弁３１，４１，５１，６１および逆洗用水ポンプ５２と、制御装置７０とを備えている。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a water treatment system 100 as an example of the water treatment system of the present invention includes an activated carbon treatment tank 10, a transparency evaluation device 2, and various valves 31 that function as a backwash mechanism. , 41, 51, 61, a backwash water pump 52, and a control device 70.

ここで、活性炭処理槽１０は、活性炭粒子を充填してなる活性炭層１と、活性炭層１よりも上側に設けられた被処理水流入ライン３および逆洗排水排出ライン６と、活性炭層１の下側に設けられた処理水排出ライン４および逆洗用水流入ライン５とを備え、任意に、活性炭層の洗浄時に曝気により活性炭の流動を促進するための曝気装置（図示せず）を活性炭層１の下部に更に備えている。 Here, the activated carbon treatment tank 10 includes an activated carbon layer 1 filled with activated carbon particles, a water inflow line 3 to be treated and a backwash wastewater discharge line 6 provided above the activated carbon layer 1, and the activated carbon layer 1. The activated carbon bed is equipped with a treated water discharge line 4 and a backwash water inflow line 5 provided on the lower side, and optionally an aeration device (not shown) for promoting the flow of activated carbon by aeration during cleaning of the activated carbon bed. It is further provided at the bottom of 1.

また、透明性評価装置２は、活性炭処理槽１０内の活性炭層１よりも上側に設けられている。なお、透明性評価装置２としては、具体的には、逆洗方法に関して上述したものと同様のものを用いることができる。
そして、透明性評価装置２では、逆洗排水の透明性が測定され、得られた測定結果が制御装置７０へと送られる。 Further, the transparency evaluation device 2 is provided above the activated carbon layer 1 in the activated carbon treatment tank 10. In addition, as the transparency evaluation device 2, specifically, the same device as that described above regarding the backwashing method can be used.
The transparency evaluation device 2 measures the transparency of the backwash wastewater, and sends the obtained measurement results to the control device 70.

逆洗機構は、被処理水流入ライン３に設けられた被処理水弁３１、処理水排出ライン４に設けられた処理水弁４１、逆洗用水流入ライン５に設けられた逆洗用水弁５１および逆洗用水ポンプ５２、並びに、逆洗排水排出ライン６に設けられた逆洗排水弁６１を含み、任意に上述した曝気装置を更に含む。そして、逆洗機構によれば、被処理水弁３１および処理水弁４１を閉じ、逆洗用水弁５１および逆洗排水弁６１を開いた状態で逆洗用水ポンプ５２を運転させることで、活性炭層１の逆洗が可能になる。また、被処理水弁３１および処理水弁４１を開き、逆洗用水弁５１および逆洗排水弁６１を閉じて逆洗用水ポンプ５２を停止させた状態とすることで、活性炭層１を用いた被処理水の処理が可能になる。 The backwash mechanism includes a treated water valve 31 provided in the treated water inflow line 3, a treated water valve 41 provided in the treated water discharge line 4, and a backwash water valve 51 provided in the backwash water inflow line 5. and a backwash water pump 52, and a backwash drain valve 61 provided in the backwash wastewater discharge line 6, and optionally further includes the aeration device described above. According to the backwash mechanism, activated carbon Backwashing of layer 1 becomes possible. In addition, by opening the treated water valve 31 and the treated water valve 41, closing the backwash water valve 51 and the backwash drain valve 61, and stopping the backwash water pump 52, the activated carbon layer 1 can be used. It becomes possible to treat water to be treated.

制御装置７０は、逆洗機構の動作を制御し、上述した本発明の逆洗方法を用いて活性炭層１を逆洗し得るようにする。即ち、制御装置７０は、上述した工程（Ａ）、工程（Ｂ）、工程（α）およびその他の工程を実施し得るように逆洗機構の動作を制御する。 The control device 70 controls the operation of the backwashing mechanism so that the activated carbon layer 1 can be backwashed using the above-described backwashing method of the present invention. That is, the control device 70 controls the operation of the backwash mechanism so that the above-described steps (A), (B), (α), and other steps can be performed.

具体的には、制御装置７０は、まず、被処理水弁３１および処理水弁４１を閉じ、逆洗用水弁５１および逆洗排水弁６１を開いた状態で逆洗用水ポンプ５２を運転させることにより、上向流の逆洗用水を活性炭層１に第一の平均流速で通水させる（工程（Ａ））。その後、例えば逆洗用水ポンプ５２を介して送水される逆洗用水の流量を増加させ、逆洗用水を第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で流すことにより、活性炭層１を良好に膨張させ、活性炭層１を効果的に逆洗する（工程（Ｂ））。
なお、制御装置７０を用いて行う工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）の内容は、上述した逆洗方法と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。 Specifically, the control device 70 first closes the treated water valve 31 and the treated water valve 41, and operates the backwash water pump 52 with the backwash water valve 51 and the backwash drain valve 61 open. The upward flow of backwash water is caused to flow through the activated carbon layer 1 at the first average flow rate (step (A)). Thereafter, for example, by increasing the flow rate of the backwash water sent via the backwash water pump 52 and flowing the backwash water at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate, the activated carbon layer 1 can be maintained in a good condition. to effectively backwash the activated carbon layer 1 (step (B)).
Note that the contents of step (A) and step (B) performed using the control device 70 are the same as the backwashing method described above, and therefore detailed explanation will be omitted here.

また、制御装置７０は、透明性評価装置２から入手した逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を利用し、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速で通水させる動作（工程（Ａ））の終期を決定する。そして、逆洗装置７０は、例えば、逆洗用水ポンプ５２の出力の調整および／または逆洗用水弁５１の開度の調整などを行って工程（Ａ）を終了させ、逆洗機構に次の工程（例えば、工程（Ｂ））を実施させる。
なお、制御装置７０における工程（Ａ）の終期の決定は、逆洗方法に関して上述したのと同様に行うことができるため、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。 Further, the control device 70 utilizes the information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater obtained from the transparency evaluation device 2, and controls the final stage of the operation (step (A)) of passing the backwash water at the first average flow rate. Determine. Then, the backwash device 70 completes the step (A) by adjusting the output of the backwash water pump 52 and/or the opening degree of the backwash water valve 51, for example. A step (for example, step (B)) is carried out.
Note that the determination of the final stage of step (A) in the control device 70 can be performed in the same manner as described above regarding the backwashing method, so detailed explanation will be omitted here.

（プログラム）
本発明のプログラムは、活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価する透明性評価装置とを備える水処理システムにおいて活性炭層を逆洗する際に用いられる。
なお、活性炭処理槽、逆洗機構および透明性評価装置としては、逆洗方法および水処理システムに関して上述したものと同様のものを用いることができるので、ここでは説明を省略する。 (program)
The program of the present invention is a water treatment system that includes an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and a transparency evaluation device that evaluates the transparency of backwash wastewater. Used to backwash activated carbon beds in systems.
Note that as the activated carbon treatment tank, the backwash mechanism, and the transparency evaluation device, the same ones as those described above regarding the backwash method and water treatment system can be used, so a description thereof will be omitted here.

具体的には、本発明のプログラムの一例は、上述した本発明の逆洗方法を用いて活性炭層を逆洗する際に用いられる。そして、当該プログラムは、活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価する透明性評価装置とを備える水処理システムに、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ａ）と、ステップ（ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ｂ）とを実行させ、任意に、逆洗排水の透明性を評価するステップ（ｃ）と、逆洗排水の透明性に基づいてステップ（ａ）を終了させるステップ（ｄ）とを更に実行させる。
より具体的には、本発明のプログラムの一例は、例えば、逆洗機構の動作を制御するコンピュータ等の制御装置を介して逆洗機構に上述したステップを実行させる。ここで、本発明のプログラムが実行させる各ステップの内容は、本発明の逆洗方法に関して上述した各工程と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。 Specifically, an example of the program of the present invention is used when backwashing an activated carbon layer using the above-described backwash method of the present invention. The program includes an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and a transparency evaluation device that evaluates the transparency of backwash wastewater. (a) passing backwash water through the system at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwashing; and after step (a), passing backwash water through the system at a second average flow rate greater than the first average flow rate; step (b) of passing water at a flow rate; optionally, step (c) of evaluating the transparency of the backwash wastewater; and terminating step (a) based on the transparency of the backwash wastewater. d).
More specifically, an example of the program of the present invention causes the backwash mechanism to execute the steps described above via a control device such as a computer that controls the operation of the backwash mechanism. Here, since the content of each step executed by the program of the present invention is the same as each step described above regarding the backwashing method of the present invention, detailed explanation will be omitted here.

なお、このプログラムは、コンピュータが読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録されていてもよい。このような記録媒体を用いれば、プログラムをコンピュータにインストールすることが可能である。ここで、プログラムが記録された記録媒体は、非一過性の記録媒体であってもよい。非一過性の記録媒体は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ＣＤ－ＲＯＭ、ＤＶＤ－ＲＯＭなどの記録媒体であってもよい。また、このプログラムは、ネットワークを介したダウンロードによって提供することもできる。 Note that this program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Using such a recording medium, it is possible to install a program on a computer. Here, the recording medium on which the program is recorded may be a non-transitory recording medium. The non-transitory recording medium is not particularly limited, but may be a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM. Moreover, this program can also be provided by downloading via a network.

以上、一例を用いて本発明の逆洗方法、制御装置、水処理システムおよびプログラムについて説明したが、本発明の逆洗方法、制御装置、水処理システムおよびプログラムは上述した一例に限定されるものではない。 Although the backwashing method, control device, water treatment system, and program of the present invention have been described above using one example, the backwashing method, control device, water treatment system, and program of the present invention are limited to the above-mentioned example. isn't it.

具体的には、本発明では、逆洗中（例えば工程（Ａ）の初期など、逆洗用水を流している間）に活性炭層を曝気してもよい。また、本発明により逆洗を行う前（即ち、逆洗用水を流して工程（Ａ）を開始する前）に活性炭層を曝気して活性炭層から汚れを剥離させてもよい。 Specifically, in the present invention, the activated carbon layer may be aerated during backwashing (for example, during the flow of backwashing water, such as at the beginning of step (A)). Furthermore, before performing backwashing according to the present invention (that is, before flowing backwashing water and starting step (A)), the activated carbon layer may be aerated to remove dirt from the activated carbon layer.

また、上述した例では透明性評価装置２を活性炭処理槽１０内に設置し、活性炭処理槽１０内を流れる逆洗排水について透明性を評価したが、透明性評価装置は逆洗排水排出ライン内などの活性炭処理槽外に設置してもよい。 In addition, in the above example, the transparency evaluation device 2 was installed in the activated carbon treatment tank 10 to evaluate the transparency of the backwash wastewater flowing inside the activated carbon treatment tank 10, but the transparency evaluation device 2 was installed inside the backwash wastewater discharge line. It may be installed outside the activated carbon treatment tank.

更に、上述した例では透明性評価装置２の位置が固定されていたが、透明性評価装置は活性炭処理槽内を少なくとも上下方向に移動可能に構成されていてもよい。具体的には、例えば図２に示すように、透明性評価装置２は、工程（Ｂ）において透明性を評価する位置が、工程（Ａ）において透明性を評価する位置よりも上側となるように移動可能であることが好ましい。より具体的には、第一の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させる工程（Ａ）の活性炭層１の上端の位置は、第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させる工程（Ｂ）の活性炭層１の上端よりも下になるところ、工程（Ａ）中の透明性評価装置２の位置は工程（Ａ）の活性炭層１の上端よりも上側かつ第二の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させた際の活性炭層１の上端よりも下側となる位置にし、工程（Ｂ）中の透明性評価装置２の位置は第二の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させた際の活性炭層１の上端よりも上側となる位置にすることが好ましい。このようにすれば、工程（Ａ）では透明性の低い逆洗排水の排出の完了をより迅速に検知しつつ、工程（Ｂ）では活性炭層の過度な膨張および活性炭の流出を効果的に抑制することができる。また、逆洗時の活性炭層の膨張の程度は水温などの影響も受けるところ、透明性評価装置２の位置が少なくとも上下方向に移動可能であれば、季節に応じて適当な位置で逆洗排水の透明性を評価することができる。なお、上述したように透明性評価装置を上下方向に移動可能に構成することに替えて、活性炭処理槽内の上下方向の異なる位置に複数台の透明性評価装置を設置してもよい。具体的には、工程（Ａ）の活性炭層１の上端よりも上側かつ第二の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させた際の活性炭層１の上端よりも下側となる位置と、第二の平均流速で逆洗用水を流通させた際の活性炭層１の上端よりも上側となる位置とを含む複数の位置に透明性評価装置をそれぞれ設置してもよい。 Furthermore, in the example described above, the position of the transparency evaluation device 2 was fixed, but the transparency evaluation device may be configured to be movable at least in the vertical direction within the activated carbon treatment tank. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the transparency evaluation device 2 is configured such that the position where transparency is evaluated in step (B) is higher than the position where transparency is evaluated in step (A). Preferably, it is movable. More specifically, the position of the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 in the step (A) of flowing backwash water at a first average flow rate is such that backwash water is flowed at a second average flow rate higher than the first average flow rate. The position of the transparency evaluation device 2 during step (A) is below the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 in the step (B) of distributing it, and the position of the transparency evaluation device 2 is above the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 in the step (A) and the second The position of the transparency evaluation device 2 in step (B) is set at a position lower than the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 when backwashing water is flowing at a second average flow rate. It is preferable to position it above the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 during circulation. In this way, in step (A), the completion of discharge of backwash wastewater with low transparency can be detected more quickly, while in step (B), excessive expansion of the activated carbon layer and outflow of activated carbon can be effectively suppressed. can do. In addition, the degree of expansion of the activated carbon layer during backwashing is also affected by water temperature, etc., so if the position of the transparency evaluation device 2 can be moved at least in the vertical direction, backwash drainage can be carried out at an appropriate position depending on the season. Transparency can be evaluated. Note that instead of configuring the transparency evaluation device to be movable in the vertical direction as described above, a plurality of transparency evaluation devices may be installed at different positions in the vertical direction within the activated carbon treatment tank. Specifically, the position is higher than the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 in step (A) and lower than the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 when the backwash water is flowing at the second average flow rate, and the second Transparency evaluation devices may be installed at a plurality of positions, including a position above the upper end of the activated carbon layer 1 when backwashing water is circulated at an average flow rate of .

本発明によれば、活性炭の流出を抑制しつつ活性炭層を効果的に逆洗することができる。 According to the present invention, an activated carbon layer can be effectively backwashed while suppressing outflow of activated carbon.

１ 活性炭層
２ 透明性評価装置
３ 被処理水流入ライン
４ 処理水排出ライン
５ 逆洗用水流入ライン
６ 逆洗排水排出ライン
１０ 活性炭処理槽
３１，４１，５１，６１ 弁
５２ 逆洗用水ポンプ
７０ 制御装置
１００ 水処理システム 1 Activated carbon layer 2 Transparency evaluation device 3 Treated water inflow line 4 Treated water discharge line 5 Backwash water inflow line 6 Backwash wastewater discharge line 10 Activated carbon treatment tank 31, 41, 51, 61 Valve 52 Backwash water pump 70 Control Equipment 100 Water treatment system

Claims (9)

活性炭処理槽内の活性炭層の逆洗方法であって、
逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ａ）と、
前記工程（Ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ｂ）と、
を含み、
前記工程（Ａ）と前記工程（Ｂ）との双方において、前記活性炭処理槽内で逆洗排水の透明性を評価し、
前記工程（Ｂ）において前記透明性を評価する位置が、前記工程（Ａ）において前記透明性を評価する位置よりも上側である、逆洗方法。 A method for backwashing an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank, the method comprising:
A step (A) of passing backwash water at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwashing;
After the step (A), a step (B) of passing backwash water at a second average flow rate higher than the first average flow rate;
including;
In both the step (A) and the step (B), evaluate the transparency of the backwash wastewater in the activated carbon treatment tank,
A backwashing method , wherein the position where the transparency is evaluated in the step (B) is above the position where the transparency is evaluated in the step (A) . 前記工程（Ａ）の終期を、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて決定し、
前記終期を、前記透明性が所定のレベル以上になった後とする、請求項１に記載の逆洗方法。 Determining the end of the step (A) using the transparency of the backwash wastewater,
The backwashing method according to claim 1 , wherein the final stage is after the transparency reaches a predetermined level or higher. 前記透明性の評価では、前記逆洗排水の透過度、吸光度、濁度および透視度の少なくとも１つを測定し、
前記工程（Ａ）の終期を、前記透過度が所定値以上になった後、前記吸光度が所定値以下になった後、前記濁度が所定値以下になった後、および、前記透視度が所定値以上になった後の少なくとも１つの条件を満たした後とする、請求項２に記載の逆洗方法。 In the evaluation of transparency , at least one of permeability, absorbance, turbidity, and transparency of the backwash wastewater is measured,
The final stage of the step (A) is carried out after the transmittance becomes a predetermined value or more, after the absorbance becomes a predetermined value or less, after the turbidity becomes a predetermined value or less, and after the transparency becomes a predetermined value or less. 3. The backwashing method according to claim 2 , wherein at least one condition after reaching a predetermined value is satisfied. 前記工程（Ｂ）では、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて前記逆洗用水の流速を制御する、請求項１～３の何れかに記載の逆洗方法。 The backwashing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein in the step (B), the flow rate of the backwash water is controlled using transparency of the backwash wastewater. 前記透明性の評価は透明性評価装置によって評価され、
前記工程（Ａ）中の前記透明性評価装置の位置は前記工程（Ａ）の前記活性炭層の上端よりも上側かつ前記第二の平均流速で前記逆洗用水を流通させた際の前記活性炭層の上端よりも下側であり、前記工程（Ｂ）中の前記透明性評価装置の位置は前記第二の平均流速で前記逆洗用水を流通させた際の前記活性炭層の上端よりも上側である、請求項１～４の何れかに記載の逆洗方法。 The transparency evaluation is evaluated by a transparency evaluation device,
The position of the transparency evaluation device in the step (A) is above the upper end of the activated carbon layer in the step (A) and in the activated carbon layer when the backwash water is flowing at the second average flow rate. The position of the transparency evaluation device during the step (B) is below the upper end of the activated carbon layer when the backwash water is flowing at the second average flow rate. The backwashing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . 活性炭処理槽内の活性炭層の逆洗方法であって、 A method for backwashing an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank, the method comprising:
逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ａ）と、 A step (A) of passing backwash water at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwashing;
前記工程（Ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させる工程（Ｂ）と、 After the step (A), a step (B) of passing backwash water at a second average flow rate higher than the first average flow rate;
を含み、including;
前記工程（Ａ）において、透明性評価装置によって逆洗排水の透明性を評価し、 In the step (A), the transparency of the backwash wastewater is evaluated by a transparency evaluation device,
前記工程（Ａ）中の前記透明性評価装置の位置は前記工程（Ａ）の前記活性炭層の上端よりも上側かつ前記第二の平均流速で前記逆洗用水を流通させた際の前記活性炭層の上端よりも下側であり、 The position of the transparency evaluation device in the step (A) is above the upper end of the activated carbon layer in the step (A) and in the activated carbon layer when the backwash water is flowing at the second average flow rate. is lower than the upper edge of
前記工程（Ｂ）の終了のタイミングは、前記透明性の評価以外の方法で定められる、逆洗方法。A backwashing method in which the timing of completion of the step (B) is determined by a method other than the transparency evaluation. 活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構の動作を制御する制御装置であって、
前記逆洗機構を、逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させた後、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させるように動作させ、
前記第一の平均流速及び前記第二の平均流速で通水させた逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を入手し、前記逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速で通水させる動作の終期を、前記逆洗排水の透明性を用いて決定し、
前記第二の平均流速で通水させた前記逆洗排水の前記透明性に関する情報の位置が、前記第一の平均流速で通水させた前記逆洗排水の前記透明性に関する情報の位置よりも上側である、制御装置。 A control device for controlling the operation of a backwash mechanism used for backwashing an activated carbon layer in an activated carbon treatment tank,
The backwash mechanism is configured to allow backwash water to flow through the backwash water at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwash, and then to flow the backwash water at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate. to operate,
Obtaining information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater passed at the first average flow rate and the second average flow rate , and determining the final stage of the operation of passing the backwash water at the first average flow rate, Determined using the transparency of the backwash wastewater ,
The position of the information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater passed through at the second average flow rate is higher than the position of the information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater passed through at the first average flow rate. The upper side is the control device. 活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、前記活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、前記逆洗機構の動作を制御する請求項７に記載の制御装置と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価して前記制御装置へと前記逆洗排水の透明性に関する情報を提供する透明性評価装置とを備える、水処理システム。 An activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, a control device according to claim 7 that controls the operation of the backwash mechanism, and a control device for controlling backwash wastewater. a transparency evaluation device that evaluates transparency and provides information regarding the transparency of the backwash wastewater to the control device. 活性炭層を有する活性炭処理槽と、前記活性炭処理槽の活性炭層の逆洗に用いられる逆洗機構と、逆洗排水の透明性を評価する透明性評価装置とを備える水処理システムに、
逆洗開始直後に逆洗用水を第一の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ａ）と、
前記ステップ（ａ）の後に、逆洗用水を前記第一の平均流速よりも大きい第二の平均流速で通水させるステップ（ｂ）と、
前記第一の平均流速で通水させた逆洗排水の透明性を評価するステップ（ｃ）と、
前記逆洗排水の透明性に基づいて前記ステップ（ａ）を終了させるステップ（ｄ）と、
前記第二の平均流速で通水させた逆洗排水の透明性を評価するステップ（ｅ）と、
を実行させ、
前記ステップ（ｅ）において前記透明性を評価する位置が、前記ステップ（ｃ）において前記透明性を評価する位置よりも上側である、プログラム。 A water treatment system comprising an activated carbon treatment tank having an activated carbon layer, a backwash mechanism used for backwashing the activated carbon layer of the activated carbon treatment tank, and a transparency evaluation device that evaluates transparency of backwash wastewater,
a step (a) of passing backwash water at a first average flow rate immediately after the start of backwashing;
After the step (a), a step (b) of passing backwash water at a second average flow rate that is higher than the first average flow rate;
a step (c) of evaluating the transparency of the backwash wastewater passed through at the first average flow rate ;
(d) terminating the step (a) based on the transparency of the backwash wastewater;
a step (e) of evaluating the transparency of the backwash wastewater passed through at the second average flow rate;
run the
The program , wherein the position where the transparency is evaluated in the step (e) is above the position where the transparency is evaluated in the step (c) .
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