JP3824034B2 - Filtration device backwash method - Google Patents

Filtration device backwash method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3824034B2
JP3824034B2 JP18101897A JP18101897A JP3824034B2 JP 3824034 B2 JP3824034 B2 JP 3824034B2 JP 18101897 A JP18101897 A JP 18101897A JP 18101897 A JP18101897 A JP 18101897A JP 3824034 B2 JP3824034 B2 JP 3824034B2
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Prior art keywords
water
washing
filtration
backwashing
flocculant
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JPH1119421A (en
Inventor
倫明 田中
幹夫 北川
敦 渡辺
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、下水処理、各種産業の工場から排出される汚水の処理などを行う濾過装置又は生物濾過処理装置の濾材を少量の水量で逆洗することができる濾過装置の逆洗方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば、下水処理、各種産業の工業廃水等の処理には、原水を下から上に向かって流入する上向流濾過装置、原水を上から下へ向かって流入する下向流濾過装置など、各種濾過装置が用いられているが、このような濾過装置で使用されている濾材は、定期的に洗浄する必要がある。このような濾材を洗浄する場合、一般的には、原水とは逆方向から洗浄水を流入すると共に、空気バブリングを行う逆洗方法が採用される。
【0003】
図3に、濾過装置の一例として、浮上濾材を用いた上向流濾過装置を示す。かかる濾過装置では、濾材で形成された濾過層11を有する濾過塔12の下部には、原水ポンプ13が介装される原水流入管14が接続されている。一方、濾過塔12の上部には、処理水流出管15が接続され、処理水流出管15は処理水槽16に接続されている。また、濾過塔12の上部には、一端が逆洗ポンプ17を介して処理水槽16に接続された洗浄水流入管18の他端が接続されており、濾過塔12の下部には、洗浄水排水管19が接続されている。
【0004】
従って、この上向流濾過装置を逆洗する場合には、逆洗ポンプ17により処理水槽16の中の処理水を濾過層11の上部から下部に向かって流入し、その後、リンス水を流して仕上げ洗浄を行う。このような逆洗では、浮上濾材を下向流で洗浄することにより濾材が下方に展開し、縣濁物質や余剰汚泥を重力に逆らわずに効率よく下方に排出することができる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した逆洗方法で、逆洗直後からSS濃度の低い良好な処理水を得るためには、逆洗の仕上げ洗浄工程で濾材保有水量の2〜4倍量の大量のリンス水を必要とするという問題がある。
【0006】
また、大量の洗浄水を用いるため、作業に時間がかかり、作業効率が悪いという問題もある。
【0007】
本発明は、このような事情に鑑み、少量の洗浄水量で、逆洗直後から、SS濃度の低い処理水を得ることのできる濾過装置の逆洗方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決する本発明は、濾過装置の濾過層を逆洗する方法において、原水の流入とは逆方向から前記濾過層に洗浄水を流入すると共に空気を流入することにより当該濾過層を洗浄する第1の工程と、その後、凝集剤を添加した洗浄水を、原水の流入方向とは逆方向から流入する第2の工程と、を有することを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法にある。
【0009】
ここで、例えば、前記第1の工程により前記濾過層に捕捉されていたSSの80〜95%が排出されている。
【0010】
また、前記第2の工程で用いる洗浄水は、例えば、前記濾過層の保有水量の0.5〜1.5倍量である。
【0012】
本発明で第1の工程は、通常の逆洗方法と同様な手順で行えばよく、一般的には、原水とは逆方向から流入する洗浄水での水洗浄と、空気のバブリングとを交互に数回ずつ繰り返すことにより行われる。この第1の工程により、濾材に捕捉されていたSSの80〜95%が洗浄除去されるように洗浄時間を設定する。
【0013】
次の第2の工程では、凝集剤を添加した洗浄水を流入することにより仕上げ洗浄を行うが、濾層に添加された凝集剤の作用により、層内の残留SSは粗大フロック化してて濾材に捕捉され、少ない水洗浄で、洗浄直後から良質な処理水質を得ることができる。
【0014】
ここで、本発明の逆洗方法について、モデルを用いて説明する。
【0015】
簡略化のため、捕捉したSSが全て剥離して浮遊しているモデルを考える。このときの層内SS濃度をCとすれば、完全混合状態で洗浄すると洗浄水量と逆洗後のSS濃度の関係は、図4に示すようになる。保有水量の2.3倍量で逆洗後SS濃度0.10Cまで低下するが、0.01Cの処理水質を得るためには4.6倍量必要である。洗浄水の通水で0.01C以下の逆洗後SS濃度を得るということは、非常に効率が悪い。
【0016】
一方、本発明方法のように、例えば、2.3倍量の洗浄水で洗浄した時点で凝集剤を添加し、洗浄する。凝集剤が濾過層内に拡散するに従い、層内のSSは凝集剤により粗大フロック化して、濾過層に捕捉される。凝集剤の拡散に1倍量程度の洗浄水が必要であるが、合計3.5倍量の洗浄水を用いることで良好な処理水質が得られる。
【0017】
濾材粒径、濾過層長、その他の洗浄条件により洗浄時の混合状態が変わるため、洗浄水量は必ずしも上記の完全混合モデルに一致しないが、基本的な原理は共通であり、剥離したSSの80〜95%程度を排出した時点で凝集剤を添加し、濾過層保有水量の0.5〜1.5倍量洗浄通水すれば同等の効果を得ることが可能である。
【0018】
凝集剤の添加は、濾過層内に拡散できる方法で行えばよいが、好適には、洗浄水に添加して洗浄水と共に供給するのがよい。
【0019】
なお、凝集剤添加時の洗浄は何れの方向から行ってもよいが、濾過層出口側、すなわち、原水の流入方向とは逆方向から行えば、濾過層出口付近で凝集フロックが確実に生成するため、処理水SS濃度の低減効果をさらに高めることができる。
【0020】
本発明で凝集剤は、アニオン系ポリマ、カチオン系ポリマ等の高分子凝集剤が好適であるが、無機系凝集剤でもよく、何れにしても汎用されているものを用いることができる。
【0021】
この凝集剤の添加量は、凝集剤の種類等によっても異なるが、一般には、洗浄水に対して、0.1〜10mg/L(リットル)程度である。
【0022】
なお、本発明方法を適用する濾過装置の原水の通水方向は上向流での下向流でもよく、また、濾材は沈降性でも浮上性でもよい。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本実施形態について説明する。
【0024】
本実施形態で用いる上向流濾過装置を図1に示す。
【0025】
本実施形態で用いる上向流濾過装置は、濾過塔12の上部に接続された洗浄水流入管18に凝集剤添加手段20を有する以外は従来技術の項で説明したものと同様であるので、同一部材には同一符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
【0026】
以下、この濾過装置を用いた実施例について説明する。
【0027】
(実施例)
本実施例では、上述の上向流濾過装置の濾過塔12内に、濾材として平均粒径3.5mmで密度が0.5g/cm3のポリプロピレン製濾材を用い、濾過層長3.0mの濾過層11を形成したものを用いた。
【0028】
かかる濾過層11に、原水として食品加工排水を濾過LV=5m/hで12時間流した後、以下の逆洗を行った。
【0029】
第1工程では、LV=30m/hでの水洗浄2分間、LV=20m/hでの空気洗浄2分間を8回ずつ繰り返した。
【0030】
次に、第2工程では、凝集剤としてカチオン系ポリマであるアクリルアミド−ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート共重合体(栗田工業(株)製:クリフィックスCP604)を0.5mg/Lの割合で添加した洗浄水を用い、LV=30m/hで水洗浄した。
【0031】
このような逆洗終了後、洗浄水を流して処理水SS濃度を測定した結果を図2に示す。
【0032】
(比較例)
逆洗の第2工程での洗浄水に凝集剤を添加しない以外は、上述した実施例と同様に操作した。逆洗終了後、洗浄水を流して処理水SS濃度を測定し、結果を図2に示す。
【0033】
(試験結果)
図2に示すように、処理水のSS濃度は、凝集剤を添加した実施例では、洗浄直後で13mg/Lであった。一方、凝集剤を添加しない比較例では、47mg/Lであり、凝集剤を添加した場合と同等の処理水SS濃度に達するまでには、さらに1.9倍量の通水量が必要であった。この通水量を洗浄水量に含めた場合の全体の洗浄水量を比較すると、凝集剤を添加しない比較例では5.2倍量であるのに対し、凝集剤を添加した実施例では3.2倍量であり、本発明方法の採用により洗浄水量を38%低減できることが確認できた。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、逆洗の最終工程で凝集剤を添加することにより、逆洗に使用する水量が大幅に低減できる。また、同時に逆洗時間を短縮することにもなり、作業効率を良くすることができる。さらに、洗浄性能を高める効果もあり、洗浄直後から処理水のSS濃度を低減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態で用いた濾過装置の概略図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例および比較例の試験結果を示す図である。
【図3】従来技術にかかる濾過装置の一例を示す概略図である。
【図4】逆洗水量と逆洗後SS濃度との関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
11 濾過層
12 濾過塔
13 原水ポンプ
14 原水流入管
15 処理水流出管
16 処理水槽
17 逆洗ポンプ
18 洗浄水流入管
19 洗浄水排水管
20 凝集剤添加手段
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a backwashing method for a filtration device capable of backwashing a filter medium for performing sewage treatment, treatment of sewage discharged from factories of various industries, or a biological filtration treatment device with a small amount of water.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, in the treatment of sewage treatment, industrial wastewater of various industries, an upward flow filtration device that flows raw water from the bottom to the top, a downward flow filtration device that flows raw water from the top to the bottom, etc. Various filter devices are used, and the filter medium used in such a filter device needs to be periodically cleaned. When such a filter medium is washed, generally a back washing method is adopted in which washing water is introduced from the opposite direction to the raw water and air bubbling is performed.
[0003]
FIG. 3 shows an upward flow filtration apparatus using a floating filter medium as an example of the filtration apparatus. In such a filtration apparatus, a raw water inflow pipe 14 in which a raw water pump 13 is interposed is connected to a lower part of a filtration tower 12 having a filtration layer 11 formed of a filter medium. On the other hand, a treated water outflow pipe 15 is connected to the upper part of the filtration tower 12, and the treated water outflow pipe 15 is connected to the treated water tank 16. The upper end of the filtration tower 12 is connected to the other end of a washing water inflow pipe 18 whose one end is connected to the treated water tank 16 via a backwash pump 17. A tube 19 is connected.
[0004]
Therefore, when this upward flow filtration device is backwashed, the treated water in the treated water tank 16 is introduced from the upper part of the filtration layer 11 to the lower part by the backwash pump 17 and then rinse water is poured. Perform final cleaning. In such backwashing, the floating filter medium is washed downward to expand the filter medium downward, and suspended substances and excess sludge can be efficiently discharged downward against gravity.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to obtain good treated water with a low SS concentration immediately after backwashing by the backwashing method described above, a large amount of rinse water that is 2 to 4 times the amount of filter medium retained water is required in the final washing process of backwashing. There is a problem that.
[0006]
In addition, since a large amount of washing water is used, there is a problem that the work takes time and the work efficiency is poor.
[0007]
This invention makes it a subject to provide the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus which can obtain the treated water with low SS density | concentration immediately after backwashing with such a small amount of washing water in view of such a situation.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method of backwashing a filtration layer of a filtration device, wherein the filtration layer is washed by flowing washing water and air into the filtration layer from a direction opposite to that of raw water. And a second step of flowing the wash water to which the flocculant has been added from the direction opposite to the inflow direction of the raw water. .
[0009]
Here, for example, 80 to 95% of the SS trapped in the filtration layer in the first step is discharged.
[0010]
The washing water used in the second step is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 times the amount of water retained in the filtration layer.
[0012]
In the present invention, the first step may be carried out in the same procedure as a normal backwashing method. In general, water washing with washing water flowing from the opposite direction to the raw water and air bubbling are alternately performed. It is performed by repeating several times. In this first step, the washing time is set so that 80 to 95% of the SS trapped in the filter medium is removed by washing.
[0013]
In the next second step, the final cleaning is performed by flowing the washing water to which the flocculant is added. However, the residual SS in the layer is coarsely flocked by the action of the flocculant added to the filter layer, and the filter medium. The quality of the treated water can be obtained immediately after washing with less water washing.
[0014]
Here, the backwashing method of the present invention will be described using a model.
[0015]
For simplicity, consider a model in which all captured SSs are detached and floating. If the SS concentration in the layer at this time is C, the relationship between the amount of washing water and the SS concentration after backwashing is as shown in FIG. The SS concentration decreases to 0.10 C after backwashing by 2.3 times the amount of retained water, but 4.6 times the amount is necessary to obtain a treated water quality of 0.01 C. Obtaining an SS concentration after backwashing of 0.01 C or less by passing washing water is very inefficient.
[0016]
On the other hand, as in the method of the present invention, for example, the flocculant is added and washed when washed with 2.3 times the amount of washing water. As the flocculant diffuses into the filtration layer, the SS in the layer is coarsely flocked by the flocculant and is captured by the filtration layer. About 1 times the amount of washing water is required for the diffusion of the flocculant, but a good quality of treated water can be obtained by using a total of 3.5 times the amount of washing water.
[0017]
Since the mixing state at the time of cleaning varies depending on the particle size of the filter medium, the filter layer length, and other cleaning conditions, the amount of cleaning water does not necessarily match the above complete mixing model, but the basic principle is common and 80 It is possible to obtain the same effect by adding a flocculant at the time of discharging about ~ 95% and washing and passing 0.5 to 1.5 times the amount of water retained in the filtration layer.
[0018]
The flocculant may be added by a method capable of diffusing into the filtration layer, but preferably it is added to the washing water and supplied together with the washing water.
[0019]
The washing at the time of adding the flocculant may be performed from any direction, but if it is performed from the filtration layer outlet side, that is, the direction opposite to the inflow direction of the raw water, the aggregation floc is surely generated in the vicinity of the filtration layer outlet. Therefore, the effect of reducing the treated water SS concentration can be further enhanced.
[0020]
As the flocculant in the present invention, a polymer flocculant such as an anionic polymer or a cationic polymer is suitable, but an inorganic flocculant may be used, and any of those commonly used can be used.
[0021]
The amount of the flocculant added varies depending on the type of flocculant and the like, but is generally about 0.1 to 10 mg / L (liter) with respect to the washing water.
[0022]
In addition, the flow direction of the raw water of the filtration apparatus to which the method of the present invention is applied may be an upward flow or a downward flow, and the filter medium may be settling or floating.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described.
[0024]
An upward flow filtration apparatus used in this embodiment is shown in FIG.
[0025]
The upward flow filtration apparatus used in the present embodiment is the same as that described in the section of the prior art except that the washing water inflow pipe 18 connected to the upper part of the filtration tower 12 has the flocculant addition means 20. The same reference numerals are given to the members, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.
[0026]
Hereinafter, the Example using this filtration apparatus is described.
[0027]
(Example)
In this example, a polypropylene filter medium having an average particle size of 3.5 mm and a density of 0.5 g / cm 3 is used as the filter medium in the filter tower 12 of the above-described upward flow filter, and the filter layer length is 3.0 m. What formed the filtration layer 11 was used.
[0028]
The filtered layer 11 was subjected to the following backwashing after flowing food processing wastewater as raw water at filtration LV = 5 m / h for 12 hours.
[0029]
In the first step, water washing at LV = 30 m / h for 2 minutes and air washing at LV = 20 m / h for 2 minutes were repeated 8 times.
[0030]
Next, in the second step, washing water to which an acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer (manufactured by Kurita Kogyo Co., Ltd .: CLIFIX CP604), which is a cationic polymer, is added as a flocculant at a rate of 0.5 mg / L. And washed with water at LV = 30 m / h.
[0031]
FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the concentration of treated water SS by flowing wash water after the end of such backwashing.
[0032]
(Comparative example)
The same operation as in the above-described example was performed except that the flocculant was not added to the washing water in the second step of backwashing. After the backwashing, the wash water was poured to measure the treated water SS concentration, and the results are shown in FIG.
[0033]
(Test results)
As shown in FIG. 2, the SS concentration of the treated water was 13 mg / L immediately after washing in the example in which the flocculant was added. On the other hand, in the comparative example in which no flocculant is added, the amount is 47 mg / L, and an additional 1.9 times the amount of water needed to reach the treated water SS concentration equivalent to the case where the flocculant is added. . Comparing the total amount of washing water when this amount of water flow is included in the amount of washing water, it is 5.2 times in the comparative example in which no flocculant is added, whereas it is 3.2 times in the example in which the flocculant is added. It was confirmed that the amount of washing water could be reduced by 38% by adopting the method of the present invention.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the amount of water used for backwashing can be greatly reduced by adding the flocculant in the final step of backwashing. At the same time, the backwash time is shortened, and the working efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, there is also an effect of improving the cleaning performance, and the SS concentration of treated water can be reduced immediately after cleaning.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a filtration device used in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing test results of examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a filtration device according to a conventional technique.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of backwash water and the SS concentration after backwashing.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Filtration layer 12 Filtration tower 13 Raw water pump 14 Raw water inflow pipe 15 Treated water outflow pipe 16 Treated water tank 17 Backwash pump 18 Washing water inflow pipe 19 Washing water drain pipe 20 Coagulant addition means

Claims (4)

濾過装置の濾過層を逆洗する方法において、
原水の流入とは逆方向から前記濾過層に洗浄水を流入すると共に空気を流入することにより当該濾過層を洗浄する第1の工程と、
その後、凝集剤を添加した洗浄水を、原水の流入方向とは逆方向から流入する第2の工程と、
を有することを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法。
In the method of backwashing the filtration layer of the filtration device,
A first step of washing the filtration layer by flowing the washing water into the filtration layer from the direction opposite to that of the raw water and flowing air;
Thereafter, the second step of flowing the washing water added with the flocculant from the direction opposite to the inflow direction of the raw water,
A method for backwashing a filtration device, comprising:
請求項1において、前記第1の工程により前記濾過層に捕捉されていたSSの80〜95%が排出されていることを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法。  The backwashing method for a filtration device according to claim 1, wherein 80 to 95% of the SS trapped in the filtration layer in the first step is discharged. 請求項1又は2において、前記第2の工程で用いる洗浄水は、前記濾過層の保有水量の0.5〜1.5倍量であることを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法。  3. The backwashing method for a filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the washing water used in the second step is 0.5 to 1.5 times the amount of water retained in the filtration layer. 請求項1〜3の何れかにおいて、前記第1の工程は、原水とは逆方向から流入する洗浄水での水洗浄と、空気のバブリングとを交互に数回ずつ繰り返すことにより行われるものであることを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法 In any one of Claims 1-3, the said 1st process is performed by repeating water washing with the wash water which flows in from the reverse direction to raw | natural water, and bubbling of air several times alternately. A backwashing method for a filtration device, characterized by:
JP18101897A 1997-07-07 1997-07-07 Filtration device backwash method Expired - Fee Related JP3824034B2 (en)

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JP4800462B2 (en) * 2000-03-16 2011-10-26 オルガノ株式会社 Filtration method
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JP4800461B2 (en) * 2000-03-16 2011-10-26 オルガノ株式会社 Backwashing method in filtration equipment
JP4649798B2 (en) * 2001-08-16 2011-03-16 日本錬水株式会社 Operation method of turbidity removal device
JP2007229658A (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-13 Ishigaki Co Ltd Filtration treatment method using fiber filter medium, and filtration apparatus therefor
JP7269148B2 (en) * 2019-10-24 2023-05-08 水ing株式会社 Filtration treatment method and filtration device

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